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OVERVIEW
ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS
I.C.ENGINES
C.I.ENGINES S.I.ENGINES
ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS
CI vs. SI Engines
Compression Ratio:The compression ratio of
Internal Combustion engines i.e. I.C. engines is the
ratio between total volume (clearance volume plus
swept volume) and clearance volume. Higher the
compression ratio, higher will be compression
pressure and consequently higher the
temperature. It is this reason that compression
ratio of spark ignition engine is about 8:1 whereas
the compression ratio of compression ignition
engine is about 12:1 and above.
ENGINE FUNDAMENTALS
CYCLE OF OPERATION
AIR COMPRESSION OF AIR INJECTION OF FUEL & FIRING OF MIXTURE REMOVAL OF BURNT GASES
Important Terms Related to the Engine
Arrangement of Cylinders
- Horizontal,
- Vertical,
- V type
In case of four stroke cycle engine, there is only one power stroke
out of four strokes of the piston OR we can also say that there is
only one power stroke for every two revolutions of the crank shaft.
It is therefore necessary to have a flywheel to give a carryover for
the three waste strokes to ensure smoother power output. To
increase the power out put and to make it smoother, multi-cylinder
engines are used in which firing strikes in different cylinders are
suitably separated in relation to crank angles so that the during the
revolutions of the crank shaft firing takes place in different cylinders
one by one at regular intervals.
ENGINE
1. Make/type ALLEN/S37G
2. No. of cylinders 8
3. Output BHP 3136
4. RPM 750
5. Bore/Stroke 325mm/370mm
6. Mech eff. at rated 90%
BHP/RPM
SPECIFICATION OF A TYPICAL GEARBOX
GEAR BOX
1. Make ALLEN GEARS
2. Power rating 3143 HP
3. Input speed 747 RPM
4. Output speed 3285 RPM
5. Ratio 4.4:1
6. Efficiency(Mech.) 99.2 %
Main Components of Mainline Engines
Bed Plate & Main Bearings
Crankshaft & Flywheel
Connecting Rod & Piston
Entablature (Cylinder Block) & Cylinder Liners
Cylinder Heads
Camshaft & Cam Followers
Governor
Turbocharger
Radiators
Various priming and lubricating pumps
TorsionalVibration Damper
BED PLATE : Cast iron bed plate forms the oil sump and
support the crank shaft main bearing
BIG END BEARINGS: Pre finished thin walled steel backed, lead
bronze lined / lead tin overlay are fitted at the bottom end of the
connecting rod
GOVERNOR :
Controls and supplies fuel to the engine as per load
conditions through control linkages.
TURBOCHARGER:
Turbocharger allows inlet air at a higher pressure,
allowing more fuel to burn inside the engine hence
delivering more power.
RADIATORS:
Cooling of Charge Air, Jacket Water and Lube Oil
Torsional Vibration Damper
Engine Driven
Fuel Pump
Engine Fuel
Forwarding Daily Service
Module Tank
Motor Driven
Fuel Pump
Cylinder Drain
Engine Cylinder Rupture Tank
Fuel Injectors
Exhaust
chimney
Turbine
Exhaust manifold
After
cooler
Impeller Fixed nozzle ring
Inlet Exhaust
Exhaust manifold
Air Piston
manifold
CHARGE AIR SYSTEM
GOOD TO KNOW :
1. 1deg. C CHANGE IN AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
WILL CHANGE EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE
BY 1.52 deg.C
2. 1deg.C CHANGE IN receiver TEMPERATURE
WILL CHANGE EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE
BY 1.02 deg.C
3. 0.1 BAR CHANGE IN CHARGE AIR PRESSURE
WILL CHANGE THE FIRING PRESSURE BY 56
BAR
Level
WATER COOLING SYSTEM Gauge
Riser Pipe
Header Radiator
1 2 3 4 5 6
ENGINE
BLOCK
Water Pump
Engine Safety Alarms
First Stage Alarms : Warning with engine running
Lube Oil Temperature High
Fuel Oil Pressure Low
Exhaust Temperature High
Charge Air Temperature High
Jacket Water Level Low
Jacket Water Temperature High
Gear Box Sump Level Low
Engine Sump Level Low / High
Engine Safety Alarms
Second Stage Alarms : The Engine trips
Lube Oil Pressure Low
Jacket Water Temperature High High
Over Speed
Oil Mist Detected
Bearing Temperature High
Fuel Temperature Low
Gear Box Oil Pressure Low
Instrumentation Pressure Low
Preventive Maintenance Practice
250 hrs : Cleaning of glacier filter
750 hrs : Over speed Trip Check
1500 hrs. : Fuel injectors (clean nozzle and reset)
3000 hrs. : Overhauling of fuel injector
9000 hrs : Cylinder heads reconditioning, heat exchanger
cleaning, inspection of piston rings, small and big end
bearings, inspection of cam shaft and its drive, stripping
turbocharger and its cleaning
18000 hrs : Complete overhaul including withdrawal of liners,
cleaning of cylinder block, inspection of main bearings,
measurement of crankshaft pins. Journals.
MAINLINE ENGINE
OPERATING
PARAMETERS
BASIC INPUTS IN ENGINE
ENGINE
FUEL
NO ALARM
Indicates the functioning of
Turbocharger
Oil Bath Filter
Engine Fuel System Performance
Leakages in Charge Air Pressure Line
MONITORING OF OUR ENGINE
CHARGE AIR
IMPORTANT PARAMETERS- CHARGE AIR TEMPERATURE
PH 7.5 to 9.5
SAFETY ALARMS
First Stage Alarms :
Engine trips
Lube Oil Pressure Low
Jacket Water Temperature High High
Over Speed
Oil Mist Detected
Bearing Temperature High
Fuel Temperature Low
Gear Box Oil Pressure Low
Instrumentation Pressure Low
Thank you