2017 IEEE 13th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA 2017), 10 - 12 March 2017, Penang,

Malaysia

Performance of Fuzzy Logic Controller in Induction

Based Steam Distillation System
Zuraida Muhammad#1, Zakiah Mohd Yusoff#2 , Siti Zubaidah Md Saad#3, Ahmad Syahir Bin Abdul Latiff#4,
0RKG+H]UL)D]DOXO5DKLPDQ
Faculty
of Electrical Engineering, UiTM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
E-mail: zuraida321@ppinang.uitm.edu.my
#2
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UiTM Johor, Kampus PAsir Gudang, Malaysia
#5
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UiTM Shah Alam,Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail: hezrif@ieee.org

Abstract This study discuss the design of a Fuzzy logic
controller (FLC) that has carried out to control the steam
temperature. The extraction temperature is considered as the
most significant parameter that contributes to the amount of
output yield and quality of oil. The objective of this research is to
carry out the ARX model structure with the input PRBS to
design and simulate the process control of steam temperature
using FLC. At the end of the study, the performance towards
each controller design has been analyzed. Initially, the modeling
works have been carried out to understand the plant
characteristic and behavior.
Index Terms Fuzzy Logic Controller; Steam Temperature
Control; autoregressive with exogenous input (ARX)
I. INTRODUCTION
Essential oils are concentration volatile aromatic compounds
extracted from oil in stems, seeds, flowers, wood and bark.
Extracting the oil from the substance produce a product that
more aromatic and more concentrate from original plant form.
Each of complex precious liquids is produced from an
extraction of particular process[1]. Essential oils have long
been used throughout the world in perfumery, fragrances,
foods , medicines, aromatherapy and household products[2] .
Process of extracting have many method such as maceration,
solvent-extraction, superheated water extraction, cold
pressing, effleurages super critical C02 extraction, steam
distillation column and many other methods[1]. Steam
distillation process is the most used process in this modern
extraction process. This extracting process involves placing
the material into a still and allowing steam passes though the
plant material. The heat from steam makes the plant oil burst
and evaporates. The steam and vapor rise up the top of the still
and located in a water cooling pipe and condensed back to the
liquid form. The oil and water will separate and the essential
oil will float on the top of water[2]. Steam distillation
technique is used many thousands ago. It is a very popular
method for extracting essential oil from plants material[3].
There are some disadvantages steam distillation systems, that
are lack of precision in terms of control response and it also
very sensitive to modify the parameter. Steam temperature is
non-linear and making extraction process performed in a
shorter time[4].
The system plant modelling is suitable using model structure
ARX model. ARX model is most technique use for modeling.
It can be capture the behavior of steam distillation system.
ARX is linear model and it is simplest model structure
prototype, easy to investigate solution, give outstanding
performance and better frequency[5][6].
I. To achieve better control of steam distillation system,
fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was integrate to control the steam
distillation system to overcome the precision of temperature.
Researchers agreed that FLC is used in many industrial
applications[4]. Fuzzy logic controller is the most of advance
control system. This controller can also be identified as a
knowledge base controller that is inspired by a human way of
intelligent [7][8]. Fuzzy logic technique is a simple method
and do not require an accurate model of the plant. Previous
research prove that FLC is most suitable to conventional
control algorithm such as PID controller[9]. PID controller is
most used in industrial because of simple structure and they
can improve transient response[10]. FLC is expected more
better performance than PID controller in term of flexibility,
performance and fast reaction[4].
II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
A. System Configuration
These sections explain about integration of the steam
distillation control system of essential oil. The steam
distillation system divides into 3 main parts. The system power
up using 240-Vac three phase with 3kW rating power, power
microprocessor 25A based as a controller to driver the heater
processing plant and temperature element, to get data via PCI-
1711 and control the system via computer show in fig 1. Real-
time applications will be implemented with embedded
MATLAB Real-Time Workshop (RTW) toolbox through

978-1-5090-1184-1/17/$31.00 2017 IEEE 281

 2017 IEEE 13th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA 2017), 10 - 12 March 2017, Penang, Malaysia

Advantech PCI 1611 data acquisition card. It is use 3-wires III. MODELLING OF STEAM RESPONSE
type sensor PT100 and connected with signal processing circuit
A. ARX Modelling
with 0 to 5V output ranging from that corresponds to
temperatures from 0C to 110C[11]. ARX modelling suitable for dynamic of heating process
that can be capture the behavior of steam distillation process
[12]. ARX is the simplest model structure prototype, easy to
investigate solution, give outstanding performance and better
frequency. This study uses a Pseudo Random Binary Sequence
(PRBS) as the input signal and temperature as the output [1].
Fig 3 shows this modeling achieves above 80% above and this
accepted to represent the plant.

Figure 1: Block diagram of overall system integration

The system uses PC-based as control unit. Fig 1 shows how

the system integration works. Which is the temperature of the
steam distillation system was connected using the power of the
controller that will produce the control signals via digital-to-
analog converter (DAC) and then fed to the heater as an
actuator to the steam distillation plant.

B. System Distillation
The steam distillation process sets up is showed in Fig 2.
This section explained about the processing plant. The
immersion heater will boil the water to produce steam and the
steam through the plant material. The heat from the steam
makes the plant oil burst and vaporizes. The steam and vapor Figure 3: ARX model best fit
rise up the top of the still and located in a water cooling pipe
and condensed back to the liquid form. The oil and water will
separate and the essential oil will float on the top of water [4].

Based on result shows in figure 3, the steam temperature is

presented as y (t) and PRBS present u(t) .input signal. By the
following ARX model:

y(t) and input u(t) and e(t) present white noise entering the
system. A(q) and B(q) are polynomials for output and n is the
time delay in sampling time.

From equation above, 1 is the delay operator and the

variable are parameter that can be estimate[13]. The
plant model obtained from system identification as follow:

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 2017 IEEE 13th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA 2017), 10 - 12 March 2017, Penang, Malaysia
IV. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL
Fuzzy logic is deals with degree of truth and degrees of
membership. Fuzzy logic controller can cover a larger range of
operating condition with white-noise interferences of dissimilar
natures[14]. Fig 4 show the general block diagram of fuzzy
logic controller.
Figure 4: Fuzzy model
The fuzzy logic has 4 main components that contain rule base,
inference mechanism, fuzzification and defuzzification. The
rule base is the form to set the rules of the how the controller
works the best process. The inference mechanism is to control
rules that suitable at the current time and decide the input of
process. The fuzzification simply modifies the input and the
system can be interpreted and compared the rules. The
defuzzification function is to convert the conclusion or
reached the mechanism from input to the plant [15]. Another
significant part of FLC is linguistic variable. Linguistic
variable plays the big role in many of its applications,
especially in the realm of fuzzy logic control [6]. Fig 5 show
Simulink block diagram of FLC.
Figure 5: Simulink block diagram of fuzzy controller
A. Define Input and Output Variable
In this section, To control the steam temperature using
fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to control the steam
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temperature in order to achieve the best performances to the
steam distillation system. The controller is designed very
well and achieve specifications that there are to make the
system faster and must be no overshoot to the output
response and reduce the rise time.
Figure 6: Fuzzy controller
The controller variable should be identified to perfomed
FLC to control the steam temperature. There are consist two
input variable to adjust steam temperature which are error
and drivative error. The both range is -100 to 100. The range
set from maximum temperature of water. The linguistic
variable used to derivative of error and classify the error
defined as fig 7 and 8 below. This work of fuzzy set is based
on shape triangularmf, gbellmf and gaussmf with 7
membership function.
.
B. Fuzzification of input variable
The fuzzification convert linguistic variable based on
membership function from crisp inputs to obtain the more
accurate values[16]. FLC have several shape of membership
function such as Triangles membership function, Trapezoids
membership function,Bell curves membership function
,Gaussian membership function, and Sigmoidal membership
function[15]. Trapezoid and triangular is the most famous
shape of membership function because their simplicity and
effecientcy to implement in steam temperature. For this fuzzy
set, the linguistic variable levels are defined in seven levels,
which are pb(positive big),pm(positive medium),ps(positive
small), ze(zero), ns(negative small),nm(negative medium) and
nb(negative big). The input and output linguistic variable level
is specified based on the plant characteristic and specification.
The input variable use gauss membership function shape.
Figure 7: input variable error
 2017 IEEE 13th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA 2017), 10 - 12 March 2017, Penang, Malaysia

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The output of fuzzy logic membership function are
trapezoidal and triangular. Fig 9 show the output variable of
Fuzzy logic controller.

Figure 10 : PID controller output response

B Fuzzy Logic Controller

Figure 9:output variable

The total if-then rules are represent in a fuzzy rule matrix in

table 1 shows 49 rules with input variable seven fuzzy set.

Table 1 : Fuzzy matrix rules

Figure 11: Comparison result output response

The fig 11 shows comparison between PID controller and Fuzzy

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All the result has discussed of experimental evaluation and
application of conventional fuzzy logic controller. Since, the
temperature is slow process, the output must no overshoot and
considering reduce rise time with minimize steady state error.
There is 3 type of membership shape in this experimental
result.There are Gauss, Gbell and trapezoidal.
logic controller. Based on graph, shows that PID controller is slower
rise time and faster response than fuzzy logic controller. Figure 11
shows the comparison output response of difference shape of
membership function. The table 2 shows GaussMF shape is faster rise
time than GbellMF and TrapzMF. TrapzMF is the lowest settling time
than other.

A PID Controller
Figure 10 shows control signal is able to control the output
temperature without overshoot. In this figure, it shows the PID
controller produce a slow response before the system reach set
point.

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 2017 IEEE 13th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA 2017), 10 - 12 March 2017, Penang, Malaysia
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The Fuzzy Logic Controller with three membership function
(3mf) not able achieved set point. The simulation was continued by
applying using Fuzzy Logic Controller with five membership function
(5mf). Controller produce no overshoot and the rise time was
172.7697s with a settling times 318.6220s. The Fuzzy Logic
Controller using seven membership function (7mf) was also tested
during simulation. The ouput produce no overshoot and the rise time
was 164.4007s with settling time 268.2194s. Table 11 below showed
that the summary all the controller performance of fuzzy logic
controller. The significant of process rise time and settling time. The
fuzzy logic 7mf was fastest rise time and also the settling time
compare to the fuzzy logic 3mf and 5mf.
Figure 12 : The step response of Fuzzy logic with 3mf, 5mf, 7mf.
(a) control signal and (b) output signal
Based on table 3. It show that, by applying fuzzy gauss 3mf,5mf
and 7mf. 7mf showed is lower rise time and settling time from others.
3mf cannot achieved the requirement of system because not achieve
set point.
Table 3 : Summary of output controller performance using Fuzzy logic
3mf,5mf and7mf
V. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, fuzzy logic controller to control steam
distillation temperature of essential oil process is successfully
design and simulation. Fuzzy logic is suitable to implement in
steam distillation and also dynamic and complex system than
PID controller. Performance of fuzzy logic controller is better
285
than PID controller.GaussMF shape performence is better
than GbellMF and TrapzMF. Since the modeling and control
is using simulation platform, for future work, since the
modeling and control is using simulation platform, the
controller will simulate in real time system. The result will be
more accurate and robustness of controller performance can
be evaluate.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thank you to all staff involved in this experiment, FKE
UiTM Shah Alam, UiTM Pulau Pinang, RMI UiTM and
JPbSM UiTM
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