Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cameron
Highlands
2001
Genting
Rawang, 1999
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Highland
Tower 1993
Taman
Hillview
2002
Anatomy Of A Slope
Partially
Saturated Soil
WEATHERED ROCK
ROCK
1 ton
T
F
T LESS THAN F
i.e. Slope will Not Fail
T
F
T T
T
FF F
N N N
T GREATER THAN F
i.e. Slope will Fail
T
F
1 ton
T
F F
N
N
Water REDUCES F
i.e. Slope May Slide
T
F
POTENTIAL SLIP
SURFACES
ROCK
MISCONCEPTIONS #1
MISCONCEPTIONS #2
MISCONCEPTIONS #4
MISCONCEPTIONS #5
Slope Erosion
MISCONCEPTIONS #6
Sarawak
MISCONCEPTIONS #8
Soil Properties
Slope Geometry
Groundwater Effect
No Slope Maintenance
(Damaged Drains)
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION (Contd)
End of Part 1
Questions?
Part 2
CONTENTS
Stabilization Methods:
Modify Slope Geometry
Control of Drainage and Seepage
Structural Solutions
Retaining Wall
Soil Nailing
Reinforced Soil Wall
36
34
32
Existing Slope Profile
30 Subsoil Layer 1
28
26 4
Regraded Slope Profile
24
Reduced Level (m)
22 Subsoil Layer 2 1
20
18
16 2
14
12
10
Hard Layer 3
8
0
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Distance (m)
WEATHERED ROCK
ROCK
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Daylighting
Plane
Unique
Structural
Features
Bedding
60
AFTER FAILURE
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TRIMMING IN PROGRESS
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ROCK BERMS
(TOE COUNTERWEIGHT)
Rock Berms
(Toe Counterweight)
Important
considerations:
Berm shall extend
beyond the toe
area of the failure
As Energy Dissipator
CATCH PIT
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Control of Drainage & Seepage
Horizontal Drain
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3: STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS
RETAINING WALLS
SOIL NAILING
REINFORCED SOIL WALLS
RETAINING WALLS
Earth
Pressure
Adjacent
Residential
Main
Reinforcement
Collapsed RC
Wall
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Why Collapse?
Y12@200 Y16@200
Y16@200 Y12@200
Gabion Wall
Crib Wall
Ground Anchor
1/3
Exposed
2/3
Embedded
Ground Anchors
CBP
1.Construct
2.Construct Primary Piles
Secondary Piles First (Soft)
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(Hard)
Grab dredger
Soil Nailing
Commonly used in slope strengthening and
repairs (Cut slopes) up to 25m typ.
>25m possible but with engineering
expertise
Very cost effective
Can be used on steep slopes (4V:1H)
Ease of Construction: small and lightweight
machinery can scale any slopes
Step 5: Repeat
Type 2: Geotextile
Reinforced
G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd (www.gnpgroup.com.my)
Reinforced
Soil Wall
Before
FOS < 1.0
Potential Slip
Surface
Gentler Slope
Potential Slip
Surface
RS Wall
SUMMARY
Regrading of slope profile is the most cost-
effective option, followed by Rock berms
approach
Soil Nailing approach is often one of the
most cost effective approaches for high wall
on cut ground
Reinforced Soil Wall/Geotextile Reinforced Wall
is one of the most cost effective approaches
for high wall on fill ground
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Thank You
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