CHAPTER STATISTICS

1
1.1. Represent and Interpret Data In Pictograms, Bar Charts, Line Graphs and Pie Charts
The data can be represented by
(i) Pictograms
(ii) Bar Charts
(iii) Line graphs
(iv) Pie charts

Pictograms is the presentation of data in form of pictures.

Bar Charts is the presentation of data in form of bar diagrams.
Line graphs is the presentation of data in the form of bar diagrams.
Pie Charts is the presentation of a data in the form of circles.

Excercise 1

1.

Durian Rambutan Mango Apple Orange

30 20 15 10 25

The above table shows the number of favourite fruits among a group of students. By using
the symbol to represent 5 students, construct a pictogram for the above data.
2.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

150 300 250 400 350
The above data shows the number of bottles of fresh milk had been sold in a week. By
using the simbol to represent 50 bottles of fresh milk, contruct a pictogram for the above
data.
3.

Bus = Represents 2 students

Car
Motorcycle
Bicycle
Walking

The above pictograms shows how a group of students go to school.

a. What is the number of students who go to school by bus ?
b. How many students go to school by car?
c. Most of the students by bus or car ?
d. What is the total number of students who go to school by car or by motorcycle ?
e. Find the difference between the number of students who walk to school and the
number of student who go to school by car.
4.
Day Number of students
Monday 60
Tuesday 50
Wednesday 120
Thursday 80
Friday 40
The above table shows the number of students who attend Mathematics tuition class from
Monday to Friday. Contruct bar charts to represent the data.

5.
Stall Number of durians
A 16
B 20
C 10
D 8
E 14

The above tables shows the number of durians sold in five stalls in one hour. Contruct bar
to represent the data.

6.
Monday 1 The beside table shows the number data of students who
were absent in a week. Represent the beside data using
Tuesday 3 line graph.
Wednesday 5
Thurday 4
Friday 2
7.

Year Profit The beside table shows the profit peranum of a company
from 1998 to 2003. Contruct a line graph represent the
1998 8.000 data.
1999 14.000
2000 10.000
2001 13.000
2002 16.000

8. 12 .
The graph beside given shows the sales of
Numb10
er of durians at a stall
a. Find the total number of durians sold
durian
s8
.
. out from 1100 to 1400
6 . b. Calculate the percentage of increase in
the sale of durians from 1300 to 1400
4 . c. Calculate the everage number of
. durians sold out per hour during that
2 period.
0 1600 Tim
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 e
9. The pic chart beside shows the favorites types of story books
Adventures
of a group of students in a school. What is the percentage of
Ghos
Stories 2x0 students who did not like ghost stories ?
900+x0
3x0
Love stories

10. The pie chart beside represent the favourite ice-cream

Red flavours of a group of people.
Bean a. Calculate the angle of sector for chocolate flavours.
180 Strawberry
Corn 1080 b. What fraction of the flavours is corn flavour ?
540 c. What percentage of the flavours is the strawberry
flavour?
Vanila
d. If 10 people like red bean flavour, find the number of
Chocolate
1350 people that like thr vanilla flavour.

1.2. MEAN, MEDIAN and MODE

(i) MEAN
Mean is the average value for a set of data
Calculate using formula Mean = Sum of Values
Number of Values
Example
Find the men of : 47, 52, 41, 49, 51
Solution :
Mean = Sum Of Values
Number of Values
= 47 + 52 + 41 + 49 + 51
5
= 240
5
= 48

(ii) MEDIAN
Median is the middle value in a set of values arranged in order of magnitude.
For an odd number of values arranged in order of magnitude, the median is the
middle value.
For an even number of values arranged in order of magnitude, the median is the mean
of the two middle values.
Example :
Find the median of each of the following data
a) 13, 5, 11, 17, 10
b) 7, 10, 4, 9, 5, 9
Solution
a. Arrange the data in the order of magnitude
5, 10, 11, 13, 17
11 is in the middle, so median = 11
b. Arrange the data in the order of magnitude
 4, 5, 7, 9, 9, 10
7 and 9 is in the middle.
Since 7 and 9 are the two middle values, the median = 7 + 9 = 8
2
(iii) MODE
Mode is the most common fact or value, with the highest frequency in a set of data
Example :
The marks obtained by ten students (pupils) are
18, 15, 17, 20, 13, 17, 15, 18, 17
Find the mode of the marks
Solution
The most common marks in the set of data is 17 Hence, 17 is the mode

Exercise 2

1. Find the a (mean) of each of the following data

a. 6, 4, 5, 8, 2, 6, 7
b. 7, 8, 0, 9, 4, 5, 12, 5, 4
c. 45, 66, 67, 40, 55, 64, 76
d. 0,8 m; 1,4 m; 1,7 m; 1,8 m; 1,4 m; 1,3 m
e. 12, 11, 10, 9, 10, 8, 10, 10, 11, 12, 12
2. Find the median for each of the following data
a. 2, 4, 5, 6, 2, 7, 6, 6
b. 0, 8, 3, 7, 5, 9, 6, 4, 1
c. 5, 8, 7, 4, 9, 4, 10, 6, 15, 13
d. 5.1, 7,9, 3,6, 2,1, 7,9, 4,2, 3,6, 7,8, 3,6
e. 10, 11, 12, 9, 10, 8, 10, 10, 11, 12, 12
3. Find the mode for each of the following data
a. 5, 9, 10, 11, 11, 13
b. 0, 6, 8, 3, 7, 5, 9, 6, 3, 3
c. 53, 51, 58, 51, 50
d. 2, 4, 7, 4, 9, 12, 9, 2, 7, 12, 4, 9, 2, 4
e. 4, 3, 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, 9
4.
No. of year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
No. of worker 3 4 5 7 10 13 8 5
The table shows the number of years of service of 55 workers in a company.
Find : a. Mode
b. Median
c. Mean number of years of service

5.
Marks 0 1 2 3 4 5
No. of pupils 2 5 8 12 10 3
The marks obtained by some pupils in a class test are shown in the table above. Calculate
the
a. mode b. median c. mean
6. A father has 6 children of ages : 3x, 5x, 2x+7, 4x-1, x2+x, x2-2x years old.
If the everage age of children is 26 years old, then find the age of the youngest child.

3
7. The data : x, 3, x2 9 and 10. if value of means is 5 5 find value of x.
8 Mr. Ahmad bowled four games at a bowling tournament. His scores were 130, 105, 121
and 116.
a. Calculate the median and mean of his scores.
b. He then played three more games and his serves were 125, 110 and 136. If these
scores are included in the previous data, find the median and mean in the new set of
marks.
shop 6
9.6
5 The bar chart beside shows the results of
5 survey carried out in the shop of certain
4
housing estate. Calculate the
4 3 a. mode
3 b. mean of the number of workers
2
employed in each shop
2

1 2 3 4 5

Workers employed in each shop

10.
Favorite Sport No of Students The table beside shows the favourite sports of a group
of students. Find its
Basket ball 10 a) mode
Badminton 7 b) median
Hockey 5 c) mean of the data
Soccer 12

1.3. Mean, Median and Modus In A Frequency Table

(i) Mean
Suppose there are n groups of numbers where there are fi numbers in the i-th group, 1< i<,
and mean of the i-th group is Xi, then mean of all numbers (XT) is :
XT = f1x1 + f2x2 + ... + fnxn
f1 + f2 + f3 + ... + fn

rumus

n
fixi
X T= i= 1
X T= A
fi xi A
n or fi
fi
i= 1

A is any number

(ii) Median (Me)

If the numbers are represented in classes, then we apply the following formulae :
 N
F
2
Median (Me) L e
FMe
=

Me = Median
L = the lower limit of class -0,5
N = total of data
F = comulative frequency before the class median
FMe = frequency of class median
C = lenght of interval of each class

(iii) Mode
If the data are represented in classes, then the mode can be found by the formula :

Mode (Mo) = L+ d1 c
d1 + d2

Mo = mode
L = the lower limit of class mode -0,5
d1 = the difference of mode's frequency and the class before mode's class
d2 = the difference of mode's frequency and the class after mode's class
c = lenght of interval of each class

Example :
Class f Consider beside the following frequency table
Find :
40 44 4 a) mean
45 49 7 b) median
50 54 10 c) mode
55 59 6
60 64 3

Solution :

Class fi xi fi xi xi-A fi(xi-A) F

40 44 4 42 168 -10 - 40 4
45 49 7 47 329 -5 - 35 11
50 54 10 52 520 0 0 21
55 59 6 57 342 5 30 27
60 64 3 62 186 10 30 30

fixi = 1545 = 51,5 fi xi A . if

a) Mean = or Mean = A A= 52
fi 30 fi
15
= 52 + 30 = 51,5

b) Median (Me)
 N
F
Me = L 2 C
Fme

15 11
= 49 ,5 10 .5

4
= 49,5 + 2
= 51,5

1
class me = 2 N = 50-54
L = 50 0,5 = 49,5

c) Mode (Mo)
d1
Mo = L .c mode class = 50-45
d 1 d 2

3
= 49 ,5 .5
34

15
= 49,5 + 7

= 49,5 + 2,14
= 51,64

Exercise 3

Find mean, median and more from data of frequency distribution

1
a Data f b Data f c Data f
3 2 4 2 8 3
4 4 5 7 9 8
5 5 6 9 10 15
6 3 7 12 11 7
7 3 8 6 12 7

2
a Data f b Data f c Data f
65 67 2 148- 6 50-54 4
68 70 5 152 11 55-59 6
71 73 13 153- 14 60-64 8
 74 76 14 157 10 65-69 16
77 79 4 158- 8 70-74 10
80 89 2 162 1 75-79 3
163- 80-84 2
167 85-89 1
168-
172
173-
177

3 A class contains 20 men and 30 women. If men's average height is 167 cm and women's
average height is 158 cm, the find the average height of student in that class.
4 The average height of 50 student is 163,2 cm. If the Mr. Ahmad is included, then the
average height becomes 162,34 cm. Find the height of the Mr. Ahmad.
5 A class contains 27 men and 23 women. If men's average height is 166 cm, and women's
average height is 157 cm, then find the average height of students in that class.

6 Consider the following frequency table

Class f Find the a) mean

b) median
97 -101 64 c) mode
102 -106 72
107 111 31
112 116 28
117 121 59
122 126 48

1.2. Quartiles, standard deviation and absolute deviation

(i) Range
Range is the difference of the largest and the smallest data.
Example : data : 2, 1, 5, 7, 6
range of data : 7-1 = 6

(ii) Quartile
Suppose there are n ordered numbers (from the smollest to the largest). The quartiles are
the values that divide those n numbers to be four equal parts. There are three quartiles as a
follows.

a Q1 Q2 Q3 b

Range : b-a
1
Lower quartile (Q1), where 25% or 4 of numbers are less than Q1.
1
Median (Q2), where 50% or 2 of numbers are less than Q2.
3
Upper quartile (Q3), where 75% or 4 of numbers are less than Q3.
If the number are represented in class, then apply the following formulae.

n
F1
Q1 = L1 + 4
c
fi

n
F2
Q2 = L2 + 2
c
f2

3
n F 3
Q3 = L3 + 4
c
f3

1
Quartile deviation (QD) that is : QD = 2 (Q3 - Q1)

(iii) Variance
Variance (var) is given by the formula

xi x 2 fi xi x 2
Var= or Var=
n n

(iv) Standard deviation (SD)

Standard deviation (S) is the square root of variance, so that

S=
xi x 2
n
or S=
fi xi x 2
fi

(v) Absolute deviation (AD)

Absolute deviation is given by the formula :

AD=
xi x or AD=
fixi x
n fi

Example 4

1. Find the Q1, Q2, Q3 of data : 3, 2, 4, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5, 5, 6

Answer : 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6
Q2 = 4+4 =4
2
Q1 = 3
Q3 = 5
1
Quartile deviation (QD) = 2 (Q3-Q1)
 1
= 2 (5-3)
= 1

2. Find variance and standard deviation of data : 4, 3, 6, 5, 2

Answer :
Data xi-x (xi-x)2 x= 4 + 3 + 6 + 5 + 2 = 20 = 4
5 5
4 0 0 a) Variance
3 -1 1 Var = (x1-x)2
6 2 4 n
5 1 1 10
2 -2 4 = 5 =2
b) Standard deviation (SD)
=10 SD = SD= Var= 2

Exercise 4

In each data. Find :

a) quartile deviation
b) variance
c) standard deviation
d) absolute deviation

1. 2, 1, 7, 6, 4, 2, 7, 3
2. 3, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8
3. 8, 7, 9, 12, 4, 2
4. 20, 30, 60, 40, 10
5. 12, 17, 15, 14, 17, 16, 13, 10, 8, 10, 19

6 x f 7 x f 8 Class f 9 Class f 10 Data F

5 4 8 40 1-5 2 0-4 13 90-99 40
6 7 11 35 6-10 7 5-9 12 100-109 30
7 10 15 25 11-15 5 10-14 16 110-119 10
8 14 20 60 16-20 9 15-19 19 120-129 20
9 5 25 70 21-25 7 20-24 20 130-139 20
25-29 15 140-149 30

REVIEW

1 If 9 mean of data : 2, x, 10, 12, 15 for then value of x is ...

a. 6 d. 12
b. 9 e. 30
 c. 10

2 Given that 12 is the mean of : 10, 14, 15 and x+1. What is the value of x ?
a. 8 d. 12
b. 9 e. 13
c. 10
For questions 3 and 4, refer to the pic chart below.

A 3 The pic represents 40 people in 5 groups

B calculate the angle of sector C.
0 a. 80
45 1800
E b. 100
C c. 360
D 4 people d. 400
10 people e. 500

4 Calculate also the angle of sector E.

a. 500 d. 1310
b. 760 e. 1500
0
c. 81
5 The average mark of mathematics tests of 30 students is 7. next 5 students the follow the
following test so that the average becomes 6,8. the average mark of the students in
following test is ...
6
Value 4 5 6 7 8 9
Fequency 3 7 12 10 6 2
Median of above the data below is ...
a. 6,0 d. 10,0
b. 6,5 e. 12,0
c. 7,0

7 Twenty students consist of 8 girls and 12 boys. The average weight of all students is 44 kg.
If the average weight of girls is 41 g, then the average weight of boys is ...
a. 47,0 kg d. 45,5 kg
b. 46,5 kg e. 45,0 kg
c. 46,0 kg
8 Standard deviation of data : 6, 8, 10, 9, 7 is ...

1 1
a 2

2 d 3
3

1
b 3
2 e
3

c
2

Interval Frequency In the beside data, find the value of mode.

a. 41,83
 97 -101 64
102 -106 72
107 111 31
112 116 28
117 121 59
122 126 48

10 The average of mathematics mark of 39 students is 45. if Tono's mark from other class, is
included, the average of 40 students becomes 46. tono's mark is ...
a. 50 d. 87
b. 63 e. 91
c. 85

11

Value 5 6 7 8 9
Fequency 2 1 7 2 1
Find of above data, mean, median and mode.
12 The class A contains 45 students and the class B 40 students. The average mark of class A
is 5 more than the average of class B. Find the average mark of class A.
13 The three clasess D, E, F consecutively contain 16 student, 21 students, 21 students and 13
students. The average mark of the three classes is 5,7 if the avarage of the classes D and E
consecutively are 5,5 and 5,9, find the average mark of class F.

14
Value Frequency Consider beside the following frequency table. Find the
value of :
21-30 1 a) mean
31-40 1 b) median
41-50 3 c) mode
51-60 9 d) Quartile deviation
61-70 8
71-80 6
81-90 2

15
Class F xi ... ... Consider beside the following frequency table.
Find the value of :
155-159 3 ... ... ... a) mean
160-164 7 ... ... ... b) median
165-169 19 167 0 0 c) mode
170-174 9 ... ... ... d) Quartile deviation ....
175-179 2 ... ... ...