The formal operational stage is from 12 and up years.

In this stage, Their

concrete ability has developed.The adulthood can cause hypothetical issues.
They can solve simple to complex data. They can make conclusions.They
start to think about behaviors, social, philosophical, governmental problems.

Science process skills

In this stage, adulthood use observing skill when

they are collecting data.They use their senses
through this operation.

In this stage, adulthood use inferring skill. They

The Concrete operational stage is from 7-
have the ability to conclude things while they are
12 years. In this stage, the child starts to thinking of it in their mind.
think by using his cognitive ability on
physical occasions. they recognize things
In this stage, adulthood use predicting skill. They
when they are changed and differentiate
can predict something that might happen in the
future.
between them. In this stage, adulthood use the hypothesizing skill
when they are trying to form a hypothesis about a
situation.

Science process skills Math concepts skills

observing is one of the processes that can be used In this stage, adulthood use number sense and
in the concrete operational stage because at this counting concept. They can count complex things
stage children observe things when they are trying mentally and they know the number of the quantity
to find out something they are searching for or an of each object without pointing to it.
information. In this stage, adulthood use parts and whole
In this stage, children use classifying skill. They can concept. They know that any part can be a whole of
sort a group of animals and put each animal in the something.
right category. In this stage, adulthood use spatial sense concept.
In this stage, children use ordering skill when they
They can say the direction of the places without
are arranging things by size, color, shape, or
looking at any image or the name of the directions.
type.Ex: a child can order an object according to the
weight or length. In this stage, adulthood use measurement concept.
In this stage, children use measuring skill when they They can measure things by using different standard
are trying to find out the size of the cup and the units.
quantity, length, volume, and mass.
In this stage, adulthood use classifying concept.
In this stage, children use comparing skill when They can classify things in order to their category.
they are differentiating between a tall and short cup
and wide and thin cup in the conservation operation.

The Pre-operational stage is from 2-7 years.

Math concept skills Stages of development in math and science In this stage, the child starts to look at the world in
parts and wholes are one of the concepts that can skills an symbolized way and imagining objects as they
be used in the concrete operational stage because are real. They also look at the world from their own
at this stage children know that a part of something point of view. They start to use their language.
is included with a whole thing and they know that the
whole things are greater than the parts.
classifying is one of the concepts that can be used
in the concrete operational stage because at this
stage children can sort any objects and put them
together in the same category.
comparing is one of the concepts that can be used
in the concrete operational stage because at this
stage children can distinguish the sizes of the
objects. Science process skills
In this stage, children use ordering and patterning
concept.They can order any object from tallest to
shortest, biggest to smallest and they can do a
pattern with the blocks or counters. In this stage, children use Observing skill when they
In this stage, children use shapes concept. They are looking at visual things and to find out how
can recognize different shapes of objects and they things around them manupilate.
know the names of each shape. The Sensorimotor stage is from birth to 2 years.
In this stage, the children begin to use their senses In this stage, children use communicating skill
In this stage, children use Spatial sense. They can to touch, look, smell, taste thing that's in front of when they speak about something they have done it
draw a map to describe the route from a house to them. They try to find out how things around them or show anyone what they have did and see.
another house. manipulate.
In this stage, children use measurement concept.
They can measure things using standard units like a In this stage, children understand comparing skill
ruler or any other tool. they can compare bigger-smaller,havier-lighter and
hotter-colder things
Conservation is one of the concepts that can be
used in this stage because children at this stage
In this stage, children understand measuring.They
have the ability to remember things when they are
know the weight of something as they try to move it
changed
or carry it. They know the length of something if it
was long or short by using nonstandard units such
as blocks, pencil, or shoes.

Science process skills Math concept skills

Number sense and counting are one of the

Observing is one of the processes that can be used in the
sensorimotor stage because at this stage children use their
senses when they are playing with the objects.
concepts that can be used in the preoperational
stage because at this stage children can practice
route counting, they can say that they have two cars
or two bicycles.

Comparing is one of the concepts that can be used

in the preoperational stage because at this stage
children can compare concrete things, they know the
difference between tall and short cup.

Spatial sense is one of the concepts that can be

Math concept skills
Children can use One to one correspondence concept
because in this stage children know that if they had one
object in their hand they can put it in their mouth or they can
place any object in any place that it belongs to.
Spatial sense is one of the concepts that can be used in the
sensorimotor stage because at this stage children in this
stage can move their body at any space so as they move
their body they learn the directions, position, and distance.
Parts and whole are one of the concepts that can be used
in the sensorimotor stage because at this stage children their
discoveries guide them to know that their whole body
consists of parts, example: hand, shoulder etc.
used in the preoperational stage because at this
stage children can move their body to follow the
directions.
measurement is one of the concepts that can be
used in the preoperational stage because at this
stage children can use nonstandard units such as
block, pencils, and shoe to measure things.
one to one correspondence is one of the concepts
that can be used in the preoperational stage
because at this stage children have the ability to
demonstrate anything that has an equal amount of
thing can be together.

Centration is one of the concepts that can be used

at this stage because children at this stage look at
one aspect of any object.