Chapter 8-Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

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Chapter8LipidsandProteinsAreAssociatedinBiologicalMembranes
1.Whatcharacteristicismostusedtodefinelipids?
a.ioniccharge
b.meltingpoint
c.solubility
d.abilitytobindmetalions
ANSWER:c
2.Whichofthefollowinglipidmoleculespossessadifferentfundamentalstructuralmake-upfromtheothers?
a.Fattyacids
b.Cholesterol
c.Triglycerides
d.Sphingolipids
e.Glycolipids
ANSWER:b
3.Whatdoesamphipathicmean?
a.havingbothpositiveandnegativecharges
b.havingbothacidandbaseproperties
c.havingbothhydrophilicandhydrophobicregions
d.havingtwostereoisomers
ANSWER:c
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
a.Alltriacylglycerolsandallphosphoacylglycerolshavethesamefattyacidsinthem.
b.Alltriacylglycerolshavethesamefattyacids,butthefattyacidsinphosphoacylglycerolsvary.
c.Thefattyacidsintriacylglycerolsvary,butallphosphoacylglycerolshavethesamefattyacidsinthem.
d.Thefattyacidsinbothtriacylglycerolsandinphosphoacylglycerolsvary.
ANSWER:d
5.Howmanyhydroxylgroupsdoesamoleculeofglycerolhave?
a.none
b.1
c.2
d.3
e.4
ANSWER:d
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6.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a.Allfattyacidshaveanevennumberofcarbons
b.Mostfattyacidshaveanoddnumberofcarbons
c.Fattyacidsareequallylikelytohaveanevennumberofcarbonsastheyareanoddnumber
d.Fattyacidswithanoddnumberofcarbonsaremorerarethanthosewithanevennumber
e.noneofthese
ANSWER:d
7.Whichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicofmostfattyacids?
a.Presenceoftransdoublebonds.
b.Evennumberofcarbonatoms.
c.Onlyonecarboxyl(COOH)group.
d.Absenceofconjugateddoublebonds.
e.Allofthesecharacterizelipids.
ANSWER:a
8.Unsaturatedfattyacidsusuallyhave____doublebonds.
a.cis
b.trans
c.no
d.sevenoreight
ANSWER:a
9.Whichofthefollowingcompoundsyieldsthemostenergypergram?
a.triacylglycerols
b.carbohydrates
c.proteins
d.Theyallyieldaboutthesameamountofenergypergram.
ANSWER:a
10.Whatkindsofbondsdolipasebreakinordertoreleasefattyacidsfromtriacylglycerols?
a.esters
b.carbon-carbonsinglebonds
c.carbon-carbondoublebonds
d.Therearenofattyacidsintriacylglycerolstorelease.
ANSWER:a

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11.Whichofthefollowinggroupsisnotpresentinaphosphatidicacid?
a.Choline
b.Fattyacids
c.Glycerol
d.Phosphate
e.Allofthesearecomponentsofphosphatidicacid.
ANSWER:a
12.Whichofthefollowinggroupsisnotpresentinacerebroside?
a.Sphingosine
b.Fattyacid
c.Phosphate
d.Sugar
e.Allofthesecanbecomponentsofcerebrosides.
ANSWER:c
13.Whichofthefollowingisnotaproductofsaponificationofatriglyceride?
a.Longchainfattyalcohols.
b.Thesaltofthefattyacids.
c.Soaps.
d.Glycerol.
e.Alloftheseareproductsofsaponification.
ANSWER:a
14.Saponificationisthehydrolysisofa(n)
a.peptidebond
b.esterbond
c.anhydridebond
d.glycosidicbond
ANSWER:b
15.Whichofthefollowinggroupsisnotpresentinlecithin?
a.Choline
b.Fattyacids
c.Glycerol
d.Phosphate
e.Allofthesearecomponentsoflecithin.
ANSWER:e

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16.Whichofthefollowingalcoholsisneverfoundinphosphatides?
a.Ethanolamine
b.Serine
c.Inositol
d.Sugars
e.Allofthesecanbecomponentsofphosphatides.
ANSWER:e
17.Whichofthefollowinglipidsisnotfoundinbiologicalmembranes?
a.triacylglycerols
b.phosphoacylglycerols
c.glycolipids
d.cholesterol
ANSWER:a
18.Glycolipidsarecharacterizedbycontainingthefollowingnon-lipidcomponent:
a.Sugars
b.Glycerol
c.Phosphate
d.Sphingosine
e.Morethanoneofthesecharacterizeglycolipids.
ANSWER:a
19.Phospholipidsareparticularlyimportantinthesestructures:
a.Membranes.
b.Lipoproteins.
c.Thebrainandnervoussystem.
d.Membranes,thebrainandthenervoussystem.
e.Allofthesearecorrect.
ANSWER:e
20.Whichofthefollowingmoleculesisnotamphipathic?
a.cholesterol
b.glucose
c.oleicacid
d.phosphatidylcholine
ANSWER:b

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21.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
a.FattyacidswithtransdoublebondsmaybeparticularlyunhealthybecausetheyincreasetheratioofLDLsto
HDLs.
b.Afattyacidwith14carbonsandonetransdoublebondwillbehavemorelikeasaturatedfattyacidwith14
carbonsthanwillanunsaturatedfattyacidwithacisdoublebond.
c.Fattyacidswithtransdoublebondscanbeformedbyhydrogenationreactionofpolyunssaturatedfattyacids
d.fattyacidswithtransdoublebondstendtohavehighermeltingpointsthanthosewithcisdoublebondsallelse
beingequal
e.Allofthesearecorrect
ANSWER:e
22.Glycolipidsareparticularlyimportantinthesestructures:
a.Membranes.
b.Lipoproteins.
ANSWER:d
23.Sphingolipidsareparticularlyimportantinthesestructures:
a.Membranes
b.Lipoproteins
ANSWER:d
24.Whichofthefollowinggroupsisnotpresentinsphingomyelin?
a.Sphingosine
b.Fattyacid
c.Phosphate
d.Sugar
ANSWER:d

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25.Whichofthefollowingfourfattyacidshasthehighestmeltingpoint?
1. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
2. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
3. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
4. CH3CH=CHCH2CH2COOH
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
ANSWER:b
26.TheHDLclassoflipoproteinisgenerallybelievedtobepreventativeofheartdisease.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:a
27.Fattyacidswithmultipledoublebondsareusuallyconjugated.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:b
28.Whichofthefollowingfourfattyacidshasthelowestmeltingpoint?
1. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
2. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
3. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
4. CH3CH=CHCH2CH2COOH
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
ANSWER:d
29.Withwhatcompoundarefattyacidsreactedtomakeafatoroil?
a.cholesterol
b.glycerol
c.sphinganine
d.ceramide
ANSWER:b

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30.Themyelinsheathsofneuronstypicallycontainlargeamountsof
a.waxes
b.triacylglycerols
c.cholesterol
d.sphingolipids
ANSWER:d
31.Lipidsdifferfrommostotherbiomoleculesbecausetheyaredefinedonthebasisofsolubility,ratherthanontheir
chemicalstructure.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:a
32.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribeslipids'insolubilityinwater?
a.Theyaretypicallyverysoluble.
b.Theyaretypicallyinsoluble.
c.Thereisnogeneraltrendastolipids'solubilityinwater.
ANSWER:b
33.Glycolipidsonthesurfaceofcellsareespeciallyimportantascellmarkers.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:a
34.Biologicalwaxesarecomposedof
a.glycerolandonlyonefattyacid.
b.glycerolandtwofattyacids
c.afattyacidandalong-chainalcohol.
d.cholesterolandafattyacid.
ANSWER:c
35.Whichofthefollowingcelltypescontainscholesterol?
a.bacteria
b.animal
c.plant
d.Theyallcontaincholesterol.
ANSWER:b

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36.Cholesterolisparticularlyimportantasacomponentofanimalmembranes.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:a
37.Membranelipidsinalipidbilayerareheldtogetherby
a.hydrophobicinteractions
b.hydrogenbonds
c.electrostaticforces
d.covalentbonds
ANSWER:a
38.Cellmembranestypicallydisplayasymmetry.Whatdoesthismean?
a.Thetwoleavesofabilayercontaindifferentcollectionsoflipidsandproteins.
b.ThefattyacylchainonC-1ofamembranelipidisusuallydifferentfromthatonC-3.
c.OnlyonestereoisomeriseverseenatthechiralC-2oftheglycerolresidueinamembranelipid.
d.Membranelipidsonlyhavecisdoublebonds,nevertrans.
ANSWER:a
39.Howdoesthepresenceofcisdoublebondsinfattyacidsaffectmembranefluidity?
a.Theytendtoincreasethefluidity.
b.Theytendtodecreasethefluidity.
c.Theydon'thaveanyspecificeffectonfluidity.
d.fattyacidsdonthavecisdoublebonds
ANSWER:a
40.Howdoescholesterolaffectmembranefluidity?
a.Ittendstoincreasethefluidity.
b.Ittendstodecreasethefluidity.
c.Itdoesn'thaveanyspecificeffectonfluidity.
d.membranesdonthavecholesterol
ANSWER:b
41.Plantsneedcholesterolintheirmembranestocounteracttherigidityofthecellwall.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:b

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42.Membranesaregenerallysymmetrical,i.e.,theouterfaceiscomposedofthesamenumberandtypesof
phospholipidsastheinnerface.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:b
43.Whichofthefollowingwouldnotbeenrichedontheoutersideofthelipidbilayercomparedtotheinnerside?
a.Phosphoacylglyerol
b.Ganglioside
c.Cerebroside
d.Sphingomyelin
ANSWER:a
44.Theassociationofmembraneproteinswithlipidsinthemembranebilayeralwaysinvolves
a.electrostaticinteractions
b.hydrophobicinteractions
c.covalentlinkages
d.alloftheabove
ANSWER:b
45.Theorder-disordertransition(melting)inmembranes
a.iscooperative
b.canbemonitoredbyfluorescencetechniques
c.canbemonitoredbyspinlabeling
d.allofthese
ANSWER:d
46.Howdothemembranesofplantandanimalcellscompare?
a.Animalcellmembranestendtobemorerigidthanthoseofplantcells.
b.Animalcellmembranestendtobemorefluidthanthoseofplantcells.
c.Animalcellmembranestendtobemoreasymmetricthanthoseofplantcells.
d.Animalcellmembranestendtobemoresymmetricthanthoseofplantcells.
ANSWER:a

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47.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
a.Plantoilsarefavoredinthedietbecausetheygenerallycontainmoreunsaturatedfatsthanfoundinanimal
fats.
b.Unsaturatedfattyacidsarehealthierforhumansthansaturatedones
c.Heartdiseasecanbecorrelatedwithdietshighinsaturatedfattyacids
d.UnsaturatedfattyacidsleadtohigherlevelsofLDLthansaturatedfattyacidsdo
ANSWER:d
48.Thedistributionoflipidsinmembranesis
a.uneven,withbulkiermoleculesontheexterior
b.characterizedbyevendistributionofmolecules
c.distinguishedbytheabsenceofcholesterol
d.notwellunderstood
ANSWER:a
49.Thedegreeofmembranefluiditydependson
a.thepercentageoflipidsthatcontaincholine
b.thepercentageofglycolipids
c.thepercentageoffattyacids
d.thepercentageofunsaturatedfattyacids
ANSWER:d
50.Whichofthefollowingwasnotadesiredgoalofhydrogenatingpolyunsaturatedfattyacidsinbutter-likespreads?
a.Tomakethecompoundhavetheconsistencyofbutter
b.Tomakethecompooundasolidatroomtemperature
c.Toputtransdoublebondsintothemolecule
d.Toremovesomeofthedoublebondsinthemolecule
ANSWER:c
51.IfindthatbrieflywashingcellsinabufferedsolutionatpH11iseffectiveforisolatingacellmembrane-associated
hormonereceptor.(AstandardgrowthsolutionforthecellsispH7.)Whichoffollowingbestfitsthisdescription?
a.Thisisanintegralmembraneproteinthatcompletelytraversesthecellmembrane.
b.Thisisanintegralmembraneproteinthatonlypenetratesoneleafofthecellmembrane.
c.Thisisaperipheralmembraneproteinthatprobablyinteractswithmembranephospholipidsusingaspartate-
mediatedsaltbridges.
d.Thisisaperipheralmembraneproteinthatprobablyinteractswithmembranephospholipidsusinglysine-
mediatedsaltbridges.
ANSWER:d

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52.Whichofthefollowingisnotafunctionorcharacteristicofmembraneproteins?
a.Transport
b.Catalyticactivity
c.Bloodclotting
d.Receptorsites
ANSWER:c
53.Wherecanmembraneproteinsbelocated?
a.entirelywithinthemembrane
b.onthesurfaceofthemembrane
c.ineitherposition
d.Thepositionofmembraneproteinshasneverbeendetermined.
ANSWER:c
54.Whenamembranereachesitstransitiontemperature,integralmembraneproteinsdissociatefromthebilayer.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:b
55.Whichpropertyhasnotbeenobservedformembraneproteins?
a.beingdegradedforenergyduringbiologicalpathways
b.transportofsubstancesintoandoutofthecell
c.catalysis(enzymaticactivity)
d.actingasareceptor
ANSWER:a
56.Thefreeze-fracturetechniqueofelectronmicroscopyisusefulinstudyingmembranestructurebecause
a.integralmembraneproteinscanbeseeninassociationwithoneleafletofthelipidbilayer
b.alltheproteinscanberemovedfromthemembrane
c.thedegreeoforderofthelipidbilayercanbedetermined
d.thepresenceofboundcarbohydratescanbedetected
ANSWER:a

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57.Whichofthefollowingtreatmentswouldbemostusefulinseparatinganintegralmembraneproteinfromthelipid
componentofacellmembrane?
a.ChangethepH.
b.Addasalt.
c.Addadetergent.
d.Addamixtureofproteases.
e.Noneofthese.Youcan'tseparateanintegralmembraneproteinfromthelipid.
ANSWER:c
58.Whichofthefollowingisthebestphrasetodescribethemodernviewofmembranestructure?
a.Membranesarelipid-lipidbilayers.
b.Membranesarelipid-lipidbilayerswithassociatedproteins.
c.Membranesarecomposedsolelyoflipidsandproteins.
d.Membranesareafluidmosaicoflipidsandproteins.
e.Membranesarefoundonlyineukaryoticcells.
ANSWER:d
59.Liposomesare
a.artificialmembrane-boundedstructuresusedtodelivermedications.
b.single-layeredmembranes.
c.mixedmicellesinvolvedincholesteroltransportamongcells.
d.bilayerswiththehydrophobicregionsontheoutside.
ANSWER:a
60.Inthefluidmosaicmodelofmembranestructure
a.theproteinsarespecificallybondedtothelipids
b.theproteins"float"inthelipidbilayer
c.theproteinsaresandwichedbetweenthelipidmolecules
d.thelipidsaresandwichedbetweentheproteinmolecules
ANSWER:b

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Exhibit8A
61.RefertoExhibit8A.Whichproteinwouldlikelybeinvolvedinachannel?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
e.Youcannottellfromthediagram.
ANSWER:a
62.RefertoExhibit8A.Whichproteinmighthelptoidentifythecelltype?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
e.Morethanonecouldhelpidentifythecelltype.
ANSWER:e
63.RefertoExhibit8A.Protein#2wouldmostlikelyfunctionasa:
a.Carrier
b.Channel
c.Cellidentity
d.Receptor
e.Youcannottellfromthediagram.
ANSWER:a

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64.Passivetransportisthesameas:
a.simplediffusion
b.facilitateddiffusion
c.activetransport
d.primaryactivetransport
ANSWER:b
65.Themechanismofmembranetransportmayinvolvethefollowing:
a.ATPhydrolysis.
b.Conformationchangeofmembraneproteins.
c.Phosphorylationordephosphorylationofmembraneproteins.
d.ATPhydrolysisandconformationchangeofmembraneproteins.
ANSWER:e
66.Transportofacompoundacrossacellmembrane(downaconcentrationgradient)wasmeasuredatseveral
concentrations.ThepresenceorabsenceofATPhadnoeffectonthetransportofthiscompound.Whichbest
describesthemechanismoftransport?
ConcentrationDifference, TransportRate,
M mol/min
2.5 30
5 60
10 100
25 175
50 200
a.facilitateddiffusion
b.passivediffusion
c.primaryactivetransport
d.secondaryactivetransport
e.protonpumping
ANSWER:a
67.Thedifferencebetweenactivetransportandpassivetransportisthat
a.concentrationgradientsareinvolvedinoneandnotintheother.
b.glycolipidsplayaroleinoneandnotintheother.
c.onerequiresexpenditureofenergybythecellandtheotherdoesnot.
d.ionsaretransportedintoandoutofthecellbyoneprocessandnotbytheother.
ANSWER:c

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68.Facilitateddiffusionrequires
a.achannelproteinthroughwhichthetransportedsubstancepasseswithoutbinding
b.acarrierproteintowhichthetransportedsubstancebinds
c.areceptorprotein
d.expenditureofenergybythecell
ANSWER:b
69.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
a.Receptorsareofteninvaginatedintothecellafterbindingtotheirspecificmolecule.
b.Agivenreceptortypeispresentataconstantlevelontheoutsideofacell
c.Incertaindiseasestates,thelevelofagivenreceptorisincreasedordecreased
d.Bindingofreceptorstoligandssometimesshowshyperbolicbindingcurves
ANSWER:b
70.Intheoperationofthesodium-potassiumpump
a.conformationalchangesinmembraneproteinsareinhibited
b.theionsinvolvedbindtothelipidportionofthemembrane
c.amembraneproteinisphosphorylatedwithATPasthesourceofthephosphategroup
d.amembraneproteinisphosphorylatedwithADPasthesourceofthephosphategroup
ANSWER:c
71.Whatdistinguishesprimaryfromsecondaryactivetransport?
a.Therequirementforprotein.
b.ThetypeoflinkagetoATPhydrolysis
c.Thenumberofkindsofmoleculesorionstransported
d.Therelativedirectionoftransport
ANSWER:b
72.Whichofthefollowingmethodsoftransportacrossamembranedoesnotrequireaprotein?
a.Passivetransport
b.Facilitatedtransport
c.ActiveTransport
d.Simplediffusion
e.theyallrequireaprotein
ANSWER:d

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73.Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningactivetransportistrue?
a.Ittakesplaceinthesamedirectionasaconcentrationgradient.
b.Itrequiresnoexpenditureofenergybythecell.
c.Itcanbecomparedtowaterrunningdownhill.
d.Amembrane-associateproteinmustbeinvolved.
ANSWER:d
74.Amajordifficultyinextractingreceptorproteinsfrommembranesisthat
a.itisdifficulttoremovetheproteinsfromthemembranewithoutdenaturation
b.theremaybeveryfewmoleculesoftheproteininacell
c.receptorproteinstendtohavehighmolecularweights
d.allofthese
ANSWER:d
75.Inthesodium-potassiumpump
a.sodiumistransportedoutofthecellandpotassiumintothecell,bothagainstconcentrationgradients
b.sodiumistransportedintothecellandpotassiumoutofthecell,bothagainstconcentrationgradients
c.sodiumistransportedoutofthecellandpotassiumintothecell,bothinthesamedirectionasconcentration
gradients
d.sodiumandpotassiumarebothtransportedoutofthecellagainstconcentrationgradients
ANSWER:a
76.Ausefulmethodforstudyingmembraneproteinsinplaceinthemembraneis
a.nuclearmagneticresonance
b.x-raycrystallography
c.treatmentwithmercaptoethanol
d.treatmentwithdetergents
ANSWER:a
77.Glycoproteinsonthecellsurfaceareinvolvedinthistypeoffunction:
a.Cellidentification
b.Receptorsites
c.Immunefunction
d.Cellidentificationandreceptorsites
ANSWER:e

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78.Thekeyreactionofeyesight(indimlight)involvingvitaminAis:
a.ReactionoftheproteincomplexcalledRhodopsin.
b.Acis-transisomerizationofadoublebond.
c.Bleachingofapigmentintheretina.
d.ReactionofRhodopsinandcis-transisomerizationofadoublebond.
e.Allofthese.
ANSWER:e
79.Thesetwolipidvitaminsareoftenfoundinmembranes:
a.AandD
b.AandE
c.DandE
d.EandK
e.Noneoftheseisthecorrectpair.
ANSWER:b
80.Thefollowinglipidvitaminisoftenusedtopreservefoodsfromspoiling:
a.A
b.D
c.E
d.K
e.Noneofthesepreservesfood.
ANSWER:c
81.VitaminEhasallofthefollowingproperties,except:
a.Itisanantioxidant.
b.Itcanbemadeinthesunshine.
c.Itisessentialforatleastsomemammal'sfertility.
d.Itisoftenacomponentofmembranes.
e.AllofthesedescribevitaminE.
ANSWER:b
82.Ricketsiscausedbyadeficiencyin
a.vitaminA.
b.vitaminD.
c.vitaminE.
d.vitaminK.
ANSWER:b

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83.Thevitaminneededforbloodcoagulationis
a.vitaminA
b.vitaminD
c.vitaminE
d.vitaminK
ANSWER:d
84.Thevitaminclassifiedasfatsolubleratherthanwatersolubleis
a.vitaminA
b.vitaminB1
c.vitaminB6
d.vitaminC
ANSWER:a
85.Therearelikelytobehugestoresoflipidvitaminsinhealthyanimals.
a.True
b.False
ANSWER:a
86.Whichofthefollowingisnotalipid-solublevitamin?
a.AscorbicAcid
b.Cholicalciferol
c.VitaminK
d.Retinol
e.Tocopherol
ANSWER:a
87.Thefollowinglipidvitaminhasimportantinvolvementwithcalciumions:
a.A
b.D
c.E
d.K
e.Morethanonereactswithcalciumion.
ANSWER:e

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88.Whichofthefollowingisametabolicprecursorofprostaglandins&leukotrienes?
a.vitaminA.
b.arachidonicacid.
c.sphingomyelin.
d.cholesterol.
ANSWER:b
89.Aspirinproducesmostofitsanalgesiceffectsby
a.bindingtotheplasmamembraneofnervecells
b.inhibitingthesynthesisofvitaminA
c.inhibitingthesynthesisofphospholipids
d.inhibitingthesynthesisofprostaglandins
ANSWER:d
90.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelonginthelist?
a.Retinol
b.VitaminA
c.beta-carotene
d.Cholesterol
ANSWER:d

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