Please indicate your test version on your answer sheet: This test is version A Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Multiple Choice 2 points each plus 2 bonus questions pitt Exam 2 A client comes in and describes her mood over the last several years. From her description, you sketch the above mood chart. Use the information to answer the following few questions. nosis for the client in 2004 (point D)? ‘What would be the best 1 major depressive disorder b._ bipolar Il disorder persistent depressive disorder 4. bipolar I disorder e, manic disorder ©DA . The same client returns in 2011, She hasn’t been taking her medication in the last few months. She says, “L'm not doing too well. I've been feeling sad, I’ve had no energy, can't concentrate, I never sleep, and Pve been feeling very guilty about pretty much everything,” She’s currently not taking any medication. ‘What would be the best medication from the following. risperidone Prozac haldol xanax lithium: eaose . While it is easy to assume that neurons simply pass a signal direetly from one to another, in actuality chemicals called are involved in passing a message from one neuron to another. sodium hormones potassium alial cells neurotransmitters peep In the last few weeks, Nick has been finding that he feels "better than good." In fact, his moods have been so high that he has gotten himself into trouble at work and with his friends. This elevated mood is in line with which kind of condition? a. Bipolar disorder b. Obsessive-compulsive ©. Dissociatve amnesia d e der Beholalia Schizophrenia Little Fddie asked his mom for $20 to take to school, Eddie's mom said that $20 is too much for him to take to school. Eddie then decides to ask his mom for $5 instead (which is what he really wanted). This is an example of, a. foot-in-the-door technique b. central route to persuasion ¢. door-in-the-face technique 4. peripheral route to persuasion Jane missed the free throw. According to the fundamental attribution error, she might conclude that she missed it because a. She was rushing. bb. She did not practice enough She is not as good as the other players. 4d. She was distracted by screaming far10. i wD: A The synaptic cleft is the area between the: ‘a. axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron 'b, somas of two neurons ¢. axon of one neuron and the soma of another neuron d. soma of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron Lately, the things that Ben usually does for fun don't seem enjoyable at all. Because of this, he has stopped hanging out with his friends and stays at home, What symptom of depression is Ben exhibiting? a. A Delusion b. Alogia c. Affective flattening d. Anhedonia e. Avolition Renaldo has been hearing and seeing things that no onc else experiences. A psychologist might categorize this symptom as being a symptom of psychosis. a. negative b. positive catatonic d. echolalie ¢. delusional ‘Adam wants to become a mental health professional who focuses mostly on research, Adam wants to follow the model, a. scientist-practitioner . practitioner-scholar ©. outpatient 4. PsyD €. clinical researcher One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia which means: a feeling of worthlessness feelings of suicidally an altered pattern of sleep indecisiveness an inability to experience pleasure eppege Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium? a, Sam, who experiences hallucinations an delusions b, Ava, who experiences both depressed moods and elevated moods. ¢. Oliver, who experiences depressed moods only d. Sola, who experiences symptoms of panic13. 14, 1s. 17. ID:A Jennifer likes working in groups because she is able to free load off of others and do less work, This tendency is known as what? a. Group think b. Social loafing c. Social facilitation 4. Deindividuation ‘There is some evidence that rates of Bipolar II Disorder are higher for African-American individuals than for others, In other words, a clinician is more likely to observe, in these individuals a. episodes of mania and depressed mood b. episodes of depressed mood and hypomania ¢. episodes of Major Depression and hypomania 4. rapidly alternating Major Depressive and Manic Episodes € none of the above Elias’ therapist encouraged him to sit in a chair and talk about the first thing that came to his mind. Which psychoanalytic technique is his therapist using? a. Thematic appreception test b. Free association ¢, Regression 4. Interpretations TE can't believe she was in a car accident. She's such a nice person.” This statement reflects the idea that bad things should not happen to good people and is a central component of which concept? a. The just world hypothesis b. The social responsibility norm ©. Groupthink d. The feel-good, do-good phenomena **BONUS** Several years ago, Mark was arrested for participating in a crime. Since then he has been confined to mental hospital, even though he was given a prison sentence. Mark is periodically evaluated to see if he is still mentally ill. If tis determined that he is no longer mentally ill, Mark will then be incarcerated to serve out his prison sentence. From your knowledge of mental health and the law, you would correctly state that Mark was originally found: a. innocent b. guilty but mentally ill not guilty by reason of insanity 4. not responsible for his actions. e. incompetent to stand trial18. 19, 20. 21. 22. 23. DA Ina television weight loss reality show, two teams (red and blue) are in competition, When a member of the red team has to become a member of the blue team, the red team sees him as lazy. This perception might be due fo what social psychology concept? a. In-group bias b. Social loafing ©, Social facilitation 4, Mere exposure effect Evan is a mental health practitioner who went to medical school. Most likely, Evan is what kind of mental health practitioner? a. Psychiatrist b. Clinical psychologist ©. Psychotherapist 4. Counseling psychologist Sandi has been in an unusually good mood for the last few days, In fact, this mood has helped her to get things done at work. Her mood doesn't seem to interfere with her social life, but she has noticed that she's been sleeping less, feels a pressure to talk, and has been playing video games more often than she usually does, Sandi appears to have the symptoms of a episode, a. manic b. depressive ¢. hypomanic d. psychotic First generation antipsychotic medications are particularly effective in the treatment of: a. anhedonia and affective flattening b. avolition withdrawal dd. movement disorders e. hallucinations ‘After seeing everyone remove their transit cards and tap them on the green flashing light to open the gale, Bert does the same and is able to exit the subway casily. Bert's reaction is a product of, : a. central route to persuasion b. informational social influence ¢. foot-in-the-door technique 4d, normative social influence Alex's friends have been waiting for him for over an hour at the restaurant. Tony says, "Alex is so irresponsible" and Carl says, "Maybe he got stuck in traffic." Tony's suggestion reflects a. the peripheral route b. the central route c. anextemal attribution 4. an internal attributionID:A 24. Kyle is depressed, feels worthless, and is acting out because of these feelings. His therapist starts him on a type of therapy that focuses on the connection between his thoughts and his emotions in hopes of lessening his feelings of worthlessness and improving his behavior, What is this type of therapy called? a. Shaping Freudian Cognitive behavior therapy Operant conditioning e. Family therapy & 25. A 36 year-old woman says that for the past 2 months, she has been feeling uncharacteristically sad and has lost interest in most of her usual activities. She says she is also having trouble concentrating at work, doesn't sleep well at night, and has lost 10 pounds. In fact, she feels worthless and her friends say that she’s been moving more slowly than has been normal for her. You ask her if she can think of anything that precipitated her symptoms, and she tells you she believes she is being punished for not having paid more attention to her mother who was recently placed in a nursing home. These symptoms are most suggestive of ‘Normal bereavement Major Depressive Disorder Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features Paranoid Personality Disorder Persistent Depressive Disorder paneer 26, Paige Chen only feels fine once she has relocked the door to her apartment nine times. Although she knows the lock works well, she has the thought that if it isn't locked properly, someone could come in and attack her during the night, Relocking the door nine times is an example of a, a factitious behavior depression an obsession agoraphobia acompulsion eaes 27. Carlton is terrified of bridges, After weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy, Carlton's therapist has him get in the car and drive across the Brooklyn Bridge. This is an example of a, virtual reality exposure therapy b. exposure therapy done en vivo c. operant conditioning d,_adversive conditioning28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. D:A When one neuron communicates with another, what happens to the neurotransmitter after it binds to the receptor site? a, itgets absorbed into the next neuron b. the receiving neuron captures the neurotransmitter in a process called reuptake the neurotransmitter spits in a process called MAO dit gets metabolized in the receptor site €. itt gets released from the receptor site Lipa has schizophrenia and is taking antipsychotic medications. Which of the following is a long lasting debilitating movement disorder she could experience? a. Tardive dyskinesia b. Addiction c. Feeling tired and dizzy d, agranulocytosis , Memory problems Most messages received from other neurons ate received by the fe a. soma b. myelin cell body d. axon e. dendrite Tardive dyskinesia can result from which of the following medications? trazodone Sonata Lunesta Haloperidol modatfinil ‘The 5th edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-S) contains the current listing of: a, theoretical perspectives on abnormality b. causes of mental illness ©. criteria for psychological disorders d, treatments for mental disorders sano Maich the following negative symptoms of schizophrenia with its definition: alogia a. inability (o understand logic ’. lack of emotional response, blank facial expression ¢. lack of speech content and/or slowed speech response 4. inability to experience pleasure €. inability to initiate and persist in activitiesID: A 34, Patrick has insect phobia, The therapist first showed him a picture of a small insect from far away, until Patrick's anxicty lessened. What kind of therapy is being employed? a. Exposure therapy b. Rational emotive therapy ¢. Free association d. Cognitive therapy ©. Client-centered therapy 35, A 28-year-old man describes a persistent fear of speaking in public. Although he does not have difficulty with one on one situations, when he’s giving a lecture he becomes extremely anxious worrying that he will be humiliated. He relates one episode in which he was forced to speak at the last minute, which resulted in his experiencing panic, shaking, abdominal cramps, and a fear that he would defecate on himself, Because of this problem, he has been held back from promotion at his place of business. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? social anxiety disorder specific phobia avoidant personality disorder generalized anxiety disorder caffeine intoxication eae re 36. A 35-year-old man is in danger of losing his job because it requires frequent long-range traveling and for the past year he has avoided flying. Two years earlier he was on a particularly turbulent flight, and although he ‘was not in any real danger, he was convinced that the pilot minimized the risk and that the plane almost crashed. He flew again 1 month later and, despite having a smooth flight, the anticipation of turbulence was do distressing that he experienced a panic attack during the flight; he has not flown since. What’s the most appropriate diagnosis? Social Anxiety disorder Agoraphobia ©. Acute stress disorder d. Panic Disorder Specific phobia 37. Prom the first day on campus, Prianka really tried to be friendly to her roommate and classmates. This desire to get to know the people around her well may be driven by what motivation, according to Fiske? a Trust b. Controlling c. Understanding d. Belonging™:A 38. As a clinical psychologist, Justine focuses more on treatment of her patients than research. Because of this, she is considered more representative of the a. practitioner-scholar model b. counselor ©. neuroscientist d. PhD model e. psychoanalystMatching (please be sure to put the answers on your scan sheet. Matching It Match the number with the term that names the structure. a, neurotransmitter b. synaptic cleft ©. dendrite 4. receptor site e. axon 39, 5 40. 2 41. 6 2.4 43.4 10ptt Exam 2 Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE ANS: D. In 2004 the client experiences mania. 1 jis means she meets criteria for Bipolar I disorder. ce the current diagnosis would be Bipolar I, most recent episode depressed, lithium is a better choice than eymbalta for her condition. ‘Neurotransmitters are molecules and act as chemical messengers that communicate, or transmit, ‘messages from one neuron to the next. PTS: 2 REF; 80 OBJ: Identify the structural elements of the nervous system — TOP: 3.2 ANS: A. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder in which a person may alternate between a sad depressive mood and am elevated manic episode PTS: 2 REF: 555 OBJ: Be able to differentiate between a unipolar and a bipolar mood disorder TOP: 14.5 ANS: C Page: 625 Reason: The door-in-the-face technique is a practice by which rejecting an unreasonable request will lead to a more reasonable request that is more likely to be accepted. Topic: 16.4 Attitudes and Social Judgments Objective: Ilustrate the different ways to influence attitudes. PTS: 2ID: A 6. ANS: D Page: 622 Reason: According to the fundamental attribution error, people tend to overestimate the environmental factors in their own misfortune. ‘Topic: 16.3 Attribution: The Person or the Situation? Objective: Explain the various types of attribution. Difficulty: Moderate Synapse: The synapse is the entire junction between neurons, including the pre-synaptic neuron's axon terminal, the synaptic cleft, and the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron, across which communications flow, usually in the form of neurotransmitter molecules secreted by the pre-synaptic neuron (on its axon terminal) that travel a short distance across the synaptic cleft (this is the actual space between the neurons - the space between the axo1 terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of the other) to the post-synaptic neuron. Once at the post-synaptic neuron, some of the neurotransmitters will attach themselves (bind) to some receptors. It is important to know that the neurotransmitters and receptors work like a lock and key; that is, they both have certain shapes and only specific neurotransmitters can fit into certain receptors. * Please note that all defnions must be approved by AlleyDog.com and will be checked for accuracy, spelling, etc, before including it in the glossary. AlleyDog.com has full ownership of the definition end retains all rights to use the definitions at the discretion of AlleyDog.com. PTS: 2 DIF: 1 REF: p. 37 OBJ: 3 TYPE: FACT 8 ANS: D ‘Anhedonia is @ reduced capacity to experience pleasure PTS: 2 REF: 589 OBJ: Compare and contrast the major classes of antidepressant drugs, the major drug treatments for and antipsychotic medication TOP: 15.7 Positive symptoms of psychosis are symptoms that are present in addition to typical behavior. These symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and catatonia. PTs: 2 REF: 561 OBJ: Recognize signs and symptoms of psychotic disorders TOP: 14.610. i. 12. 13. 14. 15. D:A ANS: E The clinical researcher model is a type of psychology program that emphasizes clinical psychology research over direct work with clients. PTS: 2 REF: 582 OBJ: Compare and contrast the roles of psychiatrists, counseling psychologists, and clinical psychologists TOP: 15.1 ANS: E PIS: 2 DIF: 1 REF: p. 192 OBS: 1 TYP! ANS: B ‘The gold standard for medication to treat bipolar mood disorders is lithium. It has a mood stabilizing effect that treats both the manic/hypomanic phase of bipolar as well as the depressive phase. CON PTS: 2 REF: 598 OBJ: Compare and contrast the major classes of antidepressant drugs, the major drug treatments for anxiety, and antipsychotic medications. TOP: 15.7 ANS: B Page: 637 Reason: Social loafing is the tendency to put forth less effort in a group than one would on one's own. Topic: 16.7 Group Influence on the Individual Objective: Discuss the pros and cons of group influence on an indi tual PTS: 2 ANS: C PIS: 2 ANS: B ‘Answer: B Page: 525 Reason: Free association is a psychoanalytic technique in which people will report the first things that ‘occur to them, It is used to uncover unconscious contflicts, Topic: 13.7 Personality Assessment Objective: Identify the different tools to understand personality and how they are used. Difficulty: Low Category: Applied Format: Multiple Choice Bloom's: Comprehension APA: Knowledge Base PTS: 216. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. ANS: A Page: 622 Reason: The just-world hypothesis suggests that people get what they deserve, Topic: 16.3 Attribution: The Person or the Situation? Objective: Explain the various types of attribution, Difficulty: Moderate Category: Applied PTS: 2 ANS: B PTS: 2 STA: Describe how the law relates to mentally ill | including various standards of the insanity defense and the issue of competence to stand trial ANS: A Page: 634 Reason: People tend to favor their own group. Topic: 16.7 Attitudes and Social Judgments Objective: Describe the biological, psychological, and sociocultural aspects of prejudice, aggression, and attraction. Difficulty: Moderate Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that treats mental and behavior conditions, and the first two years of ‘medical training focus on the biomedical clinical sciences, followed by training in clinical specialties. PTs: 2 REF: 580 OBJ: Compare and contrast the roles of psychiatrists, counseling psychologists, and clinical psychologists. TOP: 15.1 ANS: C Hypomanic episodes are conditions in which a person has symptoms of mania but avoids getting into trouble PIs: 2 REF: 558 OBI: Be able to differentiate between a unipolar and biolar mood disorder TOP: 14.5 ANS: E, PTS: 222, 23. 24, 25. 26. ID:A ANS: B Page: 626 Reason: Informational social influence is conformity in order to be correct. Topie: 16.5 Conformity and Obedience Objective: Differentiate between conformity, obedience, and compliance PTs: 2 ANS: D Page: 621 Reason: Internal attributions explain behavior based on personality characteristics, while external attributions focus on environmental explanations. Topic: 16.3 Attribution: The Person or the Situation? Objective: Explain the various types of attribution. Difficulty: Low PTS: 2 ANS: C Cognitive behavior therapy is a type of treatment that emphasizes the link between thoughts, emotions, and behavior. A cognitive therapist will give clients tools that can help them address distortions in their thinking, PTS: 2 REF: 590 OBI: Discuss Beck's cognitive therapy and Ellis's rational emotive therapy as they relate to cognitive therapy TOP: 15.5 ANS: B ‘Symptoms of bereavement are seen as depression if they involve feelings of worthlessness or psychomotor agitation or psychomotor retardation. PTS: 2 ANS: E Compulsions are a condition in which a person feels compelled to perform behaviors or mental actions in response to an obsession. PTs: 2 REF: 548 OBJ: Categorize the types of anxiety disorders according to diagnostic TOP: 14.221. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 35. ID:A ANS: B En vivo means actual exposure to the thing causing anxiety PTs: 2 REF: 589 OBJ: Explain the ways in which behavioral therapies attempt to change maladaptive associations, discourage maladaptive behaviors, or encourage more adaptive ones TOP: 15.4 ANS: E PIS: 2 ANS: A. Reducing dopamine levels could result in tardive dyskinesia PTS: 2 REF: 625 OBJ: Compare and contrast the major classes of antidepressant drugs, the major drug treatments for anxiety, and antipsychotic medications TOP: 15.7 ANS: E PIs: 2 REF: 79 OBI: Recognize the types and structure of neurons TOP: 3.2 D PT! 2 Cc PT 2 DIF: 1 REF: p.4 1 TYPE: FACT c PTS: 2 DIF: 3 REF: p. 426-427 3 TYPE: CON ANS: A Exposure therapy is a behavior therapy technique that involves repeatedly presenting the client with a distressing object in order to reduce anxiety. PIs: 2 REF: 589 OBS: Explain the ways in which behavioral therapies attempt to change maladaptive associations, discourage maladaptive behaviors, or encourage more adaptive ones TOP: 15.4 ANS: A ‘The most likely diagnosis for this man a social phobia. Although he suffers from panic attacks, they are not unprovoked as in panic disorder because they occur in response to public speaking. His fear is not of having further panic attacks would rather of being embarrassed for humiliate PTS: 236. 37. ANS: E Specific phobia is characterized by the marked fear or anxiety of a speific object or situation, whiet perceived as being dangerous. This differs from agoraphobia, in which the focus of the anxiety is on the possiblity of having panic or other incapacitating symptoms, ot socal anxiety disorder in wich the focus is on being scrutinized by others. Trauma-telated siorders should be consiered in the differential diagnosis; however, the lack of any real danger makes this unlikely and the time course is not compatable with the criteria for acute-stress disorder. PIS: 2 ANS: D Page: 618 Reason: Belonging is the motivation to create relationshi ‘Topic: 16.1 Social Thought and Behavior Objective: Describe the core social motives. prs: 2 ANS: A The practitioner-scholar model, also called Vail model, is a program in which psychologists emphasize clinical training over generating new research in order to understand, synthesize, and apply existing research. PTs: 2 REF; 582 OBJ: Compare and contrast the roles of psychiatrists, counseling psychologists, and clinical psychologists. TOP: 15.1 MATCHING 39. 40. 4. 42. 43. PTS: PTS: UndaID: A SHORT ANSWER 44. ANS: Answer: During the Stanford Prison Experiment, participants were randomly given specific roles of cither prison guard or prisoner. The power of the situation soon took over. The situation became dangerous and had to be stopped before the end of the first week. This was due to the fact that those participating in the experiment took on their roles more completely than the experimenter predicted, ‘The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated how powerful conformity and roles can be in determining how individuals act in social situations