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CDP, LLDP y NTP

Introduccin y aplicaciones

Fredy Campos A.
f.campos@ieee.org

Carrera de Ingeniera Electrnica y Telecomunicaciones

Universidad Nacional Tecnolgica de Lima Sur (UNTELS)
http://www.untecs.edu.pe
Objetivos

Describe the use CDP, LLDP and NTP protocolos in order

to manage networks

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 2

Contenido

CDP
LLDP
NTP

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 3

CDP Overview
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a Cisco proprietary Layer 2 protocol
that is used to gather information about Cisco devices which share the
same data link. CDP is media and protocol independent and runs on all
Cisco devices.
The device sends periodic CDP advertisements to connected devices.
Advertisements share information about the type of device that is
discovered, the name of the devices, and the number and type of the
interfaces.
CDP can assist in network design decisions, troubleshooting, and
making changes to equipment.
To enable CDP, use the following commands:
Globally enabled - Use the cdp run global configuration command.
Enabled / disabled on an interface - Use the cdp enable interface
configuration command..
2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 4
Configure and Verify CDP
Various
commands are
used to verify CDP
output.

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 5

LLDP Overview
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a vendor neutral neighbor discovery
protocol similar to CDP that can also run on Cisco devices.
This protocol advertises its identity and capabilities to other devices and receives the
information from a physically connected Layer 2 device.
To enable LLDP, use the following commands:
Globally enabled - Use the lldp run global configuration command.
Enabled / disabled on an interface - Use the lldp enable interface configuration command

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 6

Configure and Verify LLDP

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 7

NTP - Setting the System Clock

The software clock on a router or switch starts when the system

boots. This is the primary source of time for the system. Time
should be synchronized across all devices on the network.
The date and time settings on a router or switch can be set using
the clock set command.

This method does not scale beyond one device. A better solution
is to configure the Network Time Protocol (NTP).

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 8

NTP Operation
NTP enables routers to synchronize time
settings with an NTP server:
NTP uses UDP port 123 and is documented in
RFC 1305.
NTP can be set up to synchronize to a private
master clock or it can synchronize to a publicly
available NTP server on the Internet.
NTP networks use a hierarchical system of
time sources with each level called a stratum.
The stratum level is defined as the number of
hop counts from the authoritative source.
Stratum 0 is the authoritative time source.
Stratum 1 is directly connected to the time
source.
Stratum 2 is connected to a stratum 1 device.
Stratum 3 gets its time source from a stratum 2
device.
2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 9
Configure and Verify NTP
The show clock detail displays the current time and time source.
The ntp server ip-addresss global config command identifies the time source. It
may take a few minutes for synchronization to occur.
The show ntp associations and show ntp status commands are used to verify
the NTP configuration.

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 10

Configure and Verify NTP
Next, S1 is configured for NTP.
Notice how the clock on S1 is now synchronized with R1 at 192.168.1.1 via NTP.
R1 is a stratum 2 device and NTP server to S1.
Now S1 is a stratum 3 device that can provide NTP service to other devices in
the network, such as end devices

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 11

Router and Switch File Maintenance
Password Recovery
If the enable secret password is lost or unknown, then
password recovery must be performed to access privileged
EXEC mode. This process varies between devices (e.g., router
and switch recovery procedures are different.)
This procedure cannot be done remotely as you must have
physical access and console access to the device.
On a Cisco IOS ISR router:
Step 1. Enter the ROMMON mode.
Step 2. Change the configuration register to 0x2142 to ignore the
startup config file.
Step 3. Make necessary changes to the original startup config file.
Step 4. Save the new configuration and reload the device.
2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 12
Enter the ROMMON mode

ROMMON mode is the basic file system of the ISR.

To enter ROMMON mode, you must issue a break
sequence during the boot up process (within 30 seconds)
To do so, you must power off and then power on the device.
Within 30 seconds, press the break sequence (e.g., PuTTY =
Ctrl+Break, Tera Term = Alt-B).
The ROMMON prompt should eventually be displayed

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 13

Change the Configuration Register to 0x2142
The ROMMON software supports some basic commands, such as
confreg which is used to control basic device configuration settings.
Specifically, the confreg 0x2142 ROMMON command allows the
configure the router to ignore the startup config file during startup.
The startup config file is where the forgotten passwords are stored.
Next, type reset at the prompt to restart the device.

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 14

Make Necessary Changes to the Startup Config
After the device has finished reloading, copy the startup-config to running-config.
copy startup-config running-config
Enter global config mode and change the enable secret password
Reset the configuration register to normal bootup using the confreg 0x2102 command.
Reload the ISR.

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 15

Conclusiones

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 16

Bibliografa

Cisco Networking Academy Program : CCNA 3 and 4, 2013

Stallings, William. Data and Computer Communications, 8th
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2009
Natalia Olifer, Victor Olifer. Redes de computadoras: principios,
tecnologa y protocolos para el diseo de redes, 1ra Edicin,
McGraw Hill, 2009
Tanenbaum, Andrew. Computer Networks, 5th Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2001.
On-line
http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Internet_Protocols

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 17

 Fredy Campos A.
f.campos@ieee.org

Carrera de Ingeniera Electrnica y Telecomunicaciones

Universidad Nacional Tecnolgica de Lima Sur (UNTELS)
http://www.untecs.edu.pe

2017 | Fredy Campos | f.campos@ieee.org CDP, LLDP y NTP - Introduccin y aplicaciones 18