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Objectives:
Types of Pipe
Modern pipe is used to transmit liquids and gases in the fields of plumbing,
heating, refrigeration, power plant operations, refinery operations and many
more. Carbon steel, copper, PVC are probably the most widely used pipe today.
There are many types of pipe used in today's market such as:
A. Galvanized pipe is hot dipped coated inside and out with a layer of zinc
4. PVC
5. Copper
6. Polyethylene
A. Used for natural gas or water and can be fused or mechanically joined.
Pipe Weight:
Pipe Diameter:
All pipe referred to in the informative session is outside diameter (O. D.)
controlled. Up to 12 inches in diameter, standard pipe is referred to as its
nominal inside diameter. This measurement is not the exact inside diameter,
however. For example, in one inch (nominal) standard weight pipe the inside
diameter and outside diameter are 1.049 and 1.315 inches respectively. These
dimensions are subject to plus or minus tolerances. In our industry pipe is
measured by inside diameter based on schedule 40 pipe.
Pipe over 12 inches is known by its actual outside diameter and wall thickness.
So, a 16-inch outside diameter pipe would have an outside diameter of 16
inches. The wall thickness could range from 0.250 to 1.593 inches.
Pipe Joining
There are several ways to join steel pipe together. Some of the techniques are
listed below:
Technique Considerations
A pipe die is the threading tool that actually cuts external threads on the pipe.
Pipe dies are sometimes referred to as chasers, cutters, segments or teeth. The
dies are made from either alloy or high speed steel. There are many variations of
dies to accommodate the complete line of threading. Typically, pipe dies or
threaders can be classified different ways:
Manual Threaders R12+, R11 or Solid Die Series are typically size specific.
All dies are secured in a drophead or a die stock with the use of a ratchet ring
while the pipe is threaded by hand.
Power Driven R12+ or R11 dropheads mounted into a portable power drive,
supported with a power drive vise. The dropheads are turned onto the pipe to
create the thread.
Also, dies that are specific to the threads per inch can be adjusted to the size of
the pipe needing threading. The universal dies are mounted in an R811 head and
the head is adjusted for the specific pipe size. The head is then mounted into the
carriage of the power driven machine and used to thread pipe.
Alloy Dies:
D. Made from high speed tool steel which is better suited to handle the
additional heat and friction created by the speed of the machine
Pipe Die Applications:
There are over 350 different types and sizes of dies manufactured today. Some
dies are designed specifically for hand threading applications while others are
used in machine die heads.
Dies for stainless steel and plastic are different than the die sets used for
standard black or galvanized pipe. The changes made to these dies to
accommodate the different materials are very critical and cannot be seen without
a trained eye, therefore, always identify these special dies for the material they
are intended to thread. Dies with no special identification are intended for black
and galvanized pipe. These are by far the most common dies used in the field.
Die Types
A. The width of the die is equal to the length of the thread to be cut
C. When threading with a full width die, the force required to thread
becomes greater as the die advances
E. Examples of full width dies are: 12R, R12+, SD Series, Universal, Mono
and Dual
Receding Dies
D. When cutting a taper thread, the form is produced by the die moving
radially from the axis of the pipe within the die head
Solid Dies
A. Block dies are mounted in a die stock for manual threading. No setting
of die segments in a head are required.
B. Cast iron block with the steel inserts are machined and heat treated.
Threaders
A. Power Threaders
Users include mechanical contractors, industrial maintenance persons,
waterworks professionals and others who need to thread and hot tap
pipe. Power threaders are portable and can be used at the worksite.
Some in-place threading can be preformed with portable power drives
as well. Used when a large amount of pipe or large size pipe needs to
be threaded. Power threaders save time and money
B. Hand Threaders
Primarily sold to plumbers, mechanical contractors, industrial
maintenance, gas companies, and refineries. Hand threaders are less
expensive and used when a smaller amount of pipe needs to be
threaded or where electrical power is not available
Both threaders have the same features the difference is the actual size
and capacity. The geared threaders can be used with a power drive or
manually.
Rolled Grooving
The roll grooving method of joining pipe was first developed in the early 1900's
and used by the military. It was a rapid method of joining pipe and is still used
today. Roll grooving is one of four conventional piping methods. The remaining
methods are: threading, welding, and flanged. Roll grooving is gaining in
popularity every day.
Roll groovers are designed to form standard rolled grooves in steel, stainless
steel and aluminum pipe, from 1-1/4 to 6, in both Schedule 10 and Schedule
40. Also, roll groovers are designed to groove PVC and aluminum pipe in 2 6
schedule 10, 2 3 schedule 40 and copper pipe. The groove is formed by the
groove roll which is fed into the pipe wall. The pipe is supported on the inside by
a drive roll, which is relieved to permit pipe wall deformation. The formed
grooves comply with the specifications required for mechanical coupling systems.
The only adjustment required is for the depth of the groove.
Pipe Length:
The chart below lists the minimum length of pipe to be grooved and
maximum length to be grooved without a pipe jack.
Nominal Pipe Size in Minimum Length in Max. Length in Inches
Inches Inches w/o pipe jack
1-1/4 8 36
1-1/2 8 36
2 8 36
2-1/2 8 36
3 8 36
3-1/2 8 36
4 8 36
4-1/2 8 32
5 8 32
6 O.D. 10 30
6 10 28
Pipes longer than the specified maximum lengths must be supported with a pipe
jack. The pipe jack should be located of the pipe length from the roll groover.
Long lengths of pipe may require two jacks.
Pipe Set-up:
The roll grooving tool rotates around a pipe that is held stationary. The
pipe may be held in a pipe vise during grooving or grooved in-place.
Markets:
HVAC
Chilled Water A/C Systems Pump Dressing
Underground Services Condenser Water Cooling Tower Piping
Industrial
Storage Tank Piping Process Piping Chilled Water Lines
Pollution Control Piping Waste Lines
Shipbuilding
Bilge Piping Cooling Water Potable Water
Fire Protection Drains & Overflows Lube Oil Piping
Sounding Tubes Salt Water Piping
There are 3 types of grooves that can be made today: roll groove, straight cut
groove and radius cut groove. Pipe size that can be grooved varies from three-
quarter inch up to 36 inches.
Styles of Groovers:
There are several styles of groovers available on the market today some of them
include:
Portable In-place
Hydraulic Floor Models Portable Hydraulic models
When operating, keep hands away from the grooving rolls. Fingers could
get caught between the groove roll and drive shaft.
When setting up and using, make sure the roll groover is secured to the
pipe. Carefully follow set up instructions.
Do not use a roll groover for any other purpose than roll grooving pipe
and tubing.
Always refer to the roll groover manufactures operating instructions for all
safety requirements.
Roll Groover Trouble Shooting
3. What are the pipe sizes being threaded? 1/2", 1 1/2" etc
Selling Tips
When selling pipe threading tools and accessories made by Evergreen Preferred
Suppliers be sure to emphasize:
1. Quality construction
3. Availability of service
Accessories
These are some of the items you may consider offering when you are discussing
pipe threading options with your client:
Serious injury can occur if all safety information is not followed. These injuries
could include, but not limited to:
Always wear eye protection when working with this type of equipment
www.reedmfgco.com
Introduction to Pipe Threading and Roll Grooving Questions
1. What type of pipe requires special pipe tools for threading and cutting:
A. Polyethylene
B. Stainless Steel
C. Commercial Steel Pipe
D. Galvanized Pipe
2. Pipe over 12 inches is known by its _______ outside diameter and wall
thickness:
A. Advertised
B. Nominal
C. Actual
D. Estimated
3. Markets where roll groovers are used include all of the following except:
A. HVAC
B. Shipbuilding
C. Industrial
D. Concrete cutting
4. Of all the ways to join pipe together, which is the most permanent and
provides the strongest joint:
A. Welding
B. Pipe Threading
C. Mechanical Coupling
D. Brazing
9. The following are good reasons to partner with Evergreen Preferred Suppliers
except:
A. They can assist you in gaining valuable pipe threading and roll
grooving training
B. They can provide excellent technical assistance
C. They offer cash back rewards just like the big credit card companies
D. They have a large selection of accessories that you can offer your
customers
10. Serious injury could occur if all safety information is not followed. These
injuries could include:
A. Impact injuries
B. Loss of fingers, hands or body parts
C. Eye injuries
D. All of the above
11. If your roll grooving tool walks or falls off the pipe, which of the following is
not a possible cause:
A. Tool is not correctly positioned on the pipe
B. Rust or dirt has built up on the lower roll
C. Pipe end is out of square
D. Tool crank is turned in the wrong direction
12. The piece of equipment that actually cuts the external threads on the pipe is
called:
A. Pipe Jack
B. Die
C. Roller
D. Vise
13. Which of the following add-on items should you offer when talking to your
customer about their pipe threading and roll grooving requirements:
A. Replacement dies
B. Pipe dope
C. Gloves
D. All of the above
14. Dies with no special markings are intended for ___________ and
___________ pipe.
A. Stainless; plastic
B. Black; galvanized
C. Medium carbon (Rc-30); low carbon
D. Plastic; black
15. Which of the following pipe joining techniques is the most time consuming
and labor intensive?
A. Welding
B. Pipe threading
C. Mechanical coupling
D. Gluing
17. When preparing to roll groove an installed piping system you should de-
pressurize the system prior to beginning:
A. True B. False
20. In pipe threading the male threads are located in the coupling:
A. True B. False
21. There are over_____ types and sizes of pipe dies manufactured today:
A. 450
B. 275
C. 200
D. 350
22. When threading with a receding die, the force required to thread becomes
________ as the die advances:
A. Less
B. Remains the same
C. Greater
D. Fluctuates
23. You can roll groove which of the following types of aluminum:
A. Schedule 5, 7, 40 grade 106
B. Schedule 40, T4 alloys only
C. 2 through 8
D. Schedule 55
24. Roll grooving was first used by the _______ in the _______:
A. Electrical trades; 1500s
B. Military; 1900s
C. Industrial trades; 1900s
D. Shipbuilder; 1700s
25. What technique in pipe joining uses a coupling to hold pipe together:
A. Welding
B. Pipe threading
C. Mechanical
D. soldering