Transmission Line Theory 1

Transmission Line Model

The size of a transmission line is a considerable
fraction of a wavelength or many wavelengths
A transmission line is a distributed parameter
network
Voltage and current can vary in magnitude and phase
over its length
Transmission Line Model
 Transmission Line Model
Telegraphers Equation

For sinusoidal steady state condition

 Wave Propagation on a Transmission Line
From (2.3a) and (2.3b) we get

is the complex propagation constant

 Wave Propagation on a Transmission Line
Traveling wave solution of (2.4)

Applying (2.3a) to the voltage of (2.6a)

A characteristics impedance Z0 can be defined as

 The Lossless Line
In many practical cases, the loss of the line is very small and so
can be neglected
Setting R=G=0 in (2.5)

Characteristics impedance
 The Lossless Line
The general solution for voltage and current on a lossless
transmission line
 Transmission line parameters
The fields of a traveling TEM wave inside a coaxial line
 Transmission line parameters
Surface resistivity of conductors Rs
Complex permittivity of the material filling the space between the conductors
= j
Permeability = 0r
 The terminated Lossless Transmission line
Incident wave generated from the source V0+e-jz
If the load impedance ZL Z0 , a reflected wave excited
So total voltage
 The terminated Lossless Transmission line

Load impedance

Solving for V0- ,

Voltage reflection coefficient

 The terminated Lossless Transmission line
The total voltage and current on the line can be written as

Voltage and current on the line consists of superposition of an

incident and a reflected wave
Such wave are called Standing waves
 The terminated Lossless Transmission line
Voltage reflection coefficient

To obtain = 0, ZL = Z0

The time-average power flow along the line at point z

 The terminated Lossless Transmission line

Average power flow is constant at any point on the line

If = 0, maximum power is delivered to the load

If ||=1, no power is delivered to the load

Return loss RL = -20 log|| dB

For a matched load ( = 0) , RL = dB (no reflected power)
For a total reflection (||=1), RL = 0 dB (all incident power is
reflected)
 The terminated Lossless Transmission line

Where is the phase of the reflection coefficient ( = ||ej )

Standing wave ratio,

SWR = 1 implies a matched load, SWR = implies total reflection

 The terminated Lossless Transmission line
At distance l = -z from the load, the input impedance seen
looking toward the load is

(2.34)

= (ZL Z0)/ (ZL + Z0) (2.35)