An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 1

LI NI U

Bc sang th k 21 , khoa hc k thut - m in T Vin Thng li l mt
ngnh mi nhn lun i tin phong trong mi lnh vc v ang ngy cng pht
trin vi tc ng kinh ngc . S ra i ca nhng con Chp , nhng Vi mch vi
mc tch n vi chc triu Transistor/Chp . Tuy nhin , vi chng ta - Nhng
sinh vin in t , ang ch mi bt u trong ngnh th vic thit k mt mch in
t nhng linh kin ri mi tht s b ch .
Mc d vy , tin ti hon chnh mt mch in i hi ngi thit k phi
c mt kin thc ti thiu v lnh vc in t - T nhng linh kin n gin v
thng dng nht nh : in tr ; T ;Cun dy ; Diode v c bit l Transistor m
chng ta phi hiu r nguyn l , bn cht mt cch thu o . t chn gii
php thit k va hiu qu li va kinh t v thm m, hng lm hi lng ngi s
dng.
L sinh vin nm th 3 , li l n u tin cng vi nhiu b ng m c
bit l gp phi nhiu s khc bit gia l thuyt v thc t . Nhng vi s ham hc
hi v quyt tm ca mnh m c bit l c s hng dn tn tnh ca Thy C
gio trong khoa CNTT-TVT cng nh s gip ca bn b, em s c gng n
ca mnh mt cch tt nht . Vi s t tin vo kh nng , nghin cu ngim tc bc
u tp lm mt ngi thit k mt my tng m kiu OCL vi ng vo n , cng
sut va phi , thit b d mua , d kim li khng mc lm . V vy trong thit k tnh
ton c g sai xt , mong c s ch dn ca cc Thy , cc C cng nh s ng
kin ca bn b

Em xin chn thnh cm n !

Nng , ngy 10 thng 4 nm 2001.

PHN I: L THUYT
V Minh Khu Lp 00T2
 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 2

A. TRANSISTOR LNG CC ( bipolar junction transistor) :

I. CU TO :
BJT l linh kin in t c ba min bn dn vi cc loi dn xen k nhau
trong cng mt n tinh th bn dn.Cc min ny c phn cch bi hai
chuyn tip PN.Ty thuc th t b tr cc lp bn dn m ta c hai loi BJT:BJT
loi NPN v BJT loi PNP

Transistor loi NPN

C
N P N B
E
M hnh l thuyt K hiu trn mch

Transistor loi PNP

C

P N P B
E
M hnh l thuyt K hiu trn mch

Tng ng vi mi min l mt cc ca BJT.Min bn dn gia hai

chuyn tip PN c gi l min gc (hay Base-k hiu B).Hai min cn li
c ch to bt i xng sao cho mt min c kh nng chch cc ht ti in
vo min Base,min ny gi l min pht (hay Emitter-k hiu E),cn min kia
c kh nng nhn c tt c cc ht ti in chch t min Emitter qua min
Base ,min ny gi l min thu (hay Collector-k hiu C). thc hin chc nng
trn ba min bn dn c cu to vi nng tp cht pha tp khc nhau:Min
pht c nng tp cht cao nht ,min thu c nng tp cht thp,cn min
gc c nng tp cht rt thp.
Do cu to nh trn s hnh thnh 2 chuyn tip PN rt gn nhau :Chuyn
tip Emitter gia min pht v min gc(Je),chuyn tip Collector gia min thu
(Jc).Hot ng ca BJT ch yu da trn s tng tc ca hai chuyn tip rt gn
nhau ny.

II. NGUYN L LM VIC V KH NNG KHUCH I

CA TRANSISTOR LNG CC

Ty theo th t sp xp cc min bn dn m ta chia BJT ra lm hai loi Loi

NPN v loi PNP.Nguyn l lm vic ca c hai loi BJT ny u ging nhau
. thun tin ta xt nguyn l lm vic va loi PNP lm v d
BJT lm vic trong vng khuch i th tip gip Je phn cc thun ,cn
tip gip Jc c phn cc ngc .
u tin ta xt chuyn tip Jc mt cch ring r khi chuyn tip ny c
phn cc ngc .V chuyn tip Jc c phn ngc n ch ng vi ht ti c
bn cn cc ht ti khng c bn(l trng t min B v in t t min C) c th
chuyn di qua chuyn tip mt cch d dng .Do vy trong mch C s xut hin

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 3

mt dng in rt nh k hiu l Ico.Dng Ico thng c gi l dng r ca

BJT.
By gi ta li xt mt cch c lp chuyn tip Je.Gi s rng in p t
vo chuyn tip E c chiu nh trn hnh v ,nh vy chuyn tip Je s phn cc
thun v cc ht ti c bn (l trng
t vng P v in t t vng N) c th chuyn di qua chuyn tip mt cch d
dng .Trong mch E s xut hin mt dng in ln (k hiu l Ie).Dng Ie ch
yu l thnh phn
khuch tn v bao gm hai thnh phn l dng cc l trng t E v dng cc in
t t B.
Nh vy
IE=IEN+IEP
Do nng tp cht trong min Emitter ln hn trong min Base rt nhiu
nn: IEP>>IEN IEIEP
Xt khi c hai chuyn tip Je v Jc c phn p ng thi vi Je phn cc
thun cn Jc phn cc ngc .Dng cc l trng t min E (IEP) s chch vo B do
qu trnh tn nhit c xu hng
lm cn bng nng l trng ,v th cc l trng ny s dch chuyn v pha
C.Do chiu dy min Base rt mng nn cc l trng c th chuyn di n
chuyn tip Jc m khng c s ti hp no ng k .n chuyn tip Jc cc l
trng lc ny l ht ti khng c bn nn vt qua chuyn tip Jc mt cch d
dng (lc ny l mt in trng gia tc vi cc ht ti khng c bn ) v ra
mch ngoi ca C.Trong mch C s xut hin mt dng in ln c gi tr gn
bng dng IE.Thc t th d chiu dy vng Base nh n u vn xy ra s ti
hp ca mt s l trng trong vng ny,dng l trng trong vng Collector s
mt i mt lng bng s cc ht ti in mt trong min Base .Hay l

IEP=IEth+ICP
Vi Ieth l thnh phn ti hp ca dng IE.
Nh vy ta c:
IE=IEN+IEP
IB=IEN+IEth-ICO
IC=ICP+ICO
IE=IB+IC
Dng Ico l dng c lp ,khng ph thuc vo dng Ie m ch ph thuc
vo vt liu bn dn lm BJT v nhit lm vic ca BJT.Dng ICP ph thuc
vo dng IE ,iu ny c c trng bng h s gi l h s truyn t ca
BJT , ch ra c bao nhiu l trng (hay in t t ) E n c C.
=ICP/IE=0.950.99
Ngoi ra BJT cn c c I C trng bng h s truyn t dng IB ,k
hiu l ,xc nh bi h thc: = IB
III. CC DNG MCH CA TRANZITO
Trazito l mt linh kin bn dn c ba cc gm emit, baz v colect khi s
dng thng a tn hiu vo hai cc v ly ra trn hai cc khc v vy c mt cc
lm cc chung cho u v ln u ra v vy thng c ba cch mc c bn l cch
mc emit chung ( CE), baz chung ( CB) v colect chung (CC).

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 4

1. Cch mc emit chung

1.a. S :
ic

ib C
B Uout
Uin ie

1.b. c im
Trazito mc chung emit tc l cc emit c dng chung cho c u vo v
ln u ra. Dng in v in p vo c ly t cc baz v emit cn dng in ra
v in p ra c ly trn hai cc emit v colect . H s khuch i in p ln,
h khuch i dng in ln, tr khng vo khong trung bnh cho n ln, tr khng
ra c gi tr trung bnh, tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra ngc pha nhau.
Trong cc cch mc tranzito th mch EC c h s khuch i cng sut ln nht
(v Ku.Ki u ln ), v mch EC thng thng dng hn c. Mt khc tr khng vo
v tr khng ra c gia tr trung bnh v vy mch EC tin li i vi vic ghp ti v
ngun tn hiu.

2. Cch mc baz chung

2.a. S :
ie ic

Uin E C
B ib Uout

2.b. c im
Trazito mc chung cc baz tc l cc baz c dng chung cho c u vo v
u ra. V vy dng in v in p ra ly trn cc colect v baz. H s khuch i
in p ln, h s khuch i dng in b, tr khng vo b, tr khng ra ln v in
p vo v in p ra ng pha. Loi cach mc ny ch dng khi khuch i in p
tn s cao.
3. Cch mc colect chung
3.a. S
ie

E
Ib B
Uout
Uin C
ic

3.b. c im
Trazito mc chung cc colect tc l cc colect c dng chung cho c u
vo v u ra. Do dng in v in p vo c ly trn hai cc colect v
emit .

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 5

H s khuch i in p b, h s khuch i dng in ln, tr khng vo ln,

tr khng ra b, tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra cng pha. Cch ghp ny c dng
phi hp tr khng ti thp vi ngun tn hiu c tr khng cao, thng dng lm b
khuch i m hay b lp emit .
IV. PHN CC V N NH IM CNG TC TNH TRANZITO :
1. Phn cc cho tranzito
cho tranzito lm vic ch khuch i th ta phi phn cc cho tranzito
ngha l a in p bnh ngoi vo chuyn tip emit v colect vi nhng gi tr
cc tnh thch hp. Khi c in p mt chiu c c vo th trn cc cc ca
tranzito c dng in tnh v in p tnh c nhng gi tr xc nh l iu kin
phn cc cho tranzito. iu kin phn cc ny th hin qua im cng tc tnh Q.
Vic phn cc cho tranzito nhm lm cho tranzito lm vic bnh thng v c nhng
tham s ti u tu mc ch s dng.
2. S n nh im lm vic tnh
n nh im lm vic tnh ta thng quan tm n cc i lng V BE , IB v
VCE , IC . Do tnh quan trng ca im cng tc tnh nn ta phi tnh ton cho sao thch
hp ( thng nm khong gia t tuyn ra ). c bin tn hiu ra ln, t b mo (
mo y l tn hiu ra khc vi dng tn hiu vo) v s n nh ngi ta thng
dng loi s hi tip m mt chiu nhm bin i thin p mch vo ca tranzito
sao cho c th hn ch s duy chuyn ca im lm vic tnh trn c tuyn ra. S
thay i ca n chnh l nguyn nhn gy ra yu t mt n nh. V vy ta cp n
cc s n nh thng hay dng sau.
2.a>. S cung cp v n nh im lm vic bng hi tip dng emit
S n nh im lm vic bng hi tip dng emit hay hi tip dng in mt
chiu hay cn gi l t phn cc c s sau

Vcc
H.II.2.1.
S
nguyn l
R1 Rc mch
C2 phn cc
Vout
C1 bng dng
Vin
Q1
emit

Hai in tr
R2 Re Ce R1 v R2 to
ra b phn p
ly in t
ngun Ucc.
in p baz
UB ly trn b
phn p R1 v R2 gn nh l khng i. Dng IE b ri trn in tr RE , lc ny UE =
IE . RE II.1.a
T hnh (H.2.1) ta c
UE = UB - UBE II.2.b
R2 II.3.c
U B U CC R1 R2
R1 R2 II.4.d RB
R1 R2

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 6

T ( II.1.a), ( II.2.b), ( II.3.c) v ( II.4.d)

II.2.1 R2
U BE U CC I C RE
y ta phi tnh ton sao R1 R2
UBE > U ( U l in p
ngung, i vi silic
U = 0,3 V cn gecmani U = 0.75V).
Mt khc cn l n RB chn gi tr thch hp. Nu RB > RE mch km n nh
v vy ta phi chn R1 v R2 sao cho gi tr tng ng khi mc song song ca chng l
RB c gi tr cng nh . Nhng RB nh qu th tng khuch i gim v vy ta thng
chn RB = RE .
Ngoi ra nguyn tt n nh cn c trnh by ch t biu thc ( II.2) khi
nhit thay i hay mt yu t no lm cho I E tng ln dn n in p trn RE
tng ln. in p U B ly trn R1 v R2 khng i lm cho tip gip BE phn cc yu
lm cho dng IB gim ko theo dng IC gim lm cho IC gn tr li gi tr ban u.
Trong s trn RE lm nhim v hi tip m dng in mt chiu n nh im
lm vic. Cc t phn mch C1v C2 phi chon sao cho vi tn hiu xoay chiu tr
khng ca n gn bng khng. T CE l t thot cao tn c mc song song vi RE
nhm trnh hi tip m i vi dng tn hiu xoay chiu trn R E lm gim h s
khuch i ca mch, coi CE c tc dng ngn mch i vi tn hiu.
2.b>. S cung cp v n nh bng hi tip m in p mt chiu
S c dng nh sau:
Vcc

H.II.2. Hi tip
m in p mt
Rc
chiu
C2
Vout
Ta thy C1 R1
Vin
rng R1 c Q
nhim v a
thin p vo
baz bng
phng php
nh dng baz
v dn in p hi tip v mch vo. Khi c s thay i v nhit hay mt yu t
no khin dng ICO trn colect tng ln th U BEO gim xung lm cho dng nh
thin baz gim xung ( IBO = UCEO / R1 ) lm cho dng ICO gim xung ngha l dng
tnh ICO ban u gi nguyn v ta c s tng ng nh sau ( II.2.2)
Nu b qua dng ngc ICBO v thit IC >> I1 th
I B R1 R 2 R2 I R R
U BE U B' U CE B 1 2
R1 R 2 R1 R 2 R1 R2
R
R UI BER1 I C1 R1 R2
n nh U CE
II BC R1 R 1 RUUCC
R R
dng IC C R2 1
R1
CC C
C R2 1 2
RC >> R1

1 R1
IC U CC U BE 1
RC R2

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 7

Ta thng chn RC c ICRC = 0,2 UCC. S II.2.2 c u im cng sut tn hao nh v

R1 v R2 ln.

V. S
DARLINGTON :
Trong nhiu trng hp
khi tn hiu a vo mch
khuch i c tr khng ra
rt ln i hi phi c nhng 1
1
mch khuch i c tr
khng vo ln hay trong
mch lp emit , h s +
khuch i dng in khng
ln. khc phc nhng
yu t trn, ngi ta t hp
mt s tranzito thnh s
Darlington. C nhiu cch mt thnh s Darlington nhng ta ch xt hai s c
bn sau
1. S mch Darlington chun :
- H s khuch i dng

IV.1.a ic ic1 ic 2 h fe1 ib1 h fe 2 ib 2 h fe1 1 h fe 2 ib 2 h fe 2 ib 2

h fe
ib ib 2 ib 2 ib 2
h fe h fe 2 h fe1 1 h fe 2

- Tr khng vo
IV.1.b VBE VBE h fe1 1 h fe2 I B 2 hie 2 I B 2
Q1 Q2
hie
I B2 I B2

2. S mch hie hie 2 1 h fe 2 hie1

gi
Darlington :

C2 = C 1 = C E

B=B2
B

B2 =E1
E =E1 C

- H s khuch i dng in

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 8

IV.2.a h fe1 1 I B1 I B 2 h fe 2 h fe1 1

h fe 2 h fe 1 1
I I
h fe C E1
- Tr IB I B2 I B2 I B2
khng vo
VBE IV.
Q2 2.b
hie hie 2
I B2 Mch Darrlington chun v
gi darlington c h s khuch
i dng in hfe ln nn dng IB2 = IE2 / hfe2 c th rt b. Nn Q2 c th lm vic trn
on c tuyn ( IB = f (VBE)). khc phc ta mc thm in tr Rb (H.IV.2) ton
b dng tn hiu khng th qua Rb m a ton b n cc baz ca Q 1. Mc theo
kiu gi darlington lm cho tranzito c cng sut nh dn n d tm linh kin.

H.IV.2
VI. MO
Q2
Q1

Q4
Q3

Rb Rb

CROSSOVER V BIN PHP KHC PHC:

1. Mo CROSSOVER
Khi tng khuch i lm vic ch BC th im lm vic tnh nm v tr
Q(0;0) trn c tuyn vo ca tranzito. c tuyn ny c vng cht ng vi U BE
nh hn U, ngha l khi in p tn hiu u vo khc khng nhng cha vt qua
mc ngng U th mi c tn hiu ra. Kt qu dng sng tn hiu ra b mo dng
vng c bin c tn hiu b v bin tn hiu cng b hn trng hp c U = 0.
Mo dng ny gi l mo CROSSOVER. (H.V.1)

iB mo crossover

UBE

( H.V.1.S mo Crossover )
2. Cc phng php trnh mo Crossover:
trnh mo Crossover ngi ta thng phn cc cho tip gip BE di im
tnh Q( 0 ; 0 ) dn n im Q(U ; 0 ) lc tng khuch i cng sut lm vic
ch AB. C cc phng php khc phc sau

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 9

2.a. Nhit tr vi bin tr chnh song song

B1

Rt VR
B2

H.2.a. Nhit tr vi bin tr chnh song song

in tr ZB1B2 gm hai in tr RT v VR,, thng thng nhit in tr R T mc
song song vi VR . Ngoi nhim v phn cc cho tranzito lm vic ch AB n
cn tc dng n nh dng in tnh cho tranzito khi nh hng bi nhit . Khi
nhit ca tranzito tng ln th dng tnh iCBO tng theo lc ny lm cho RT gim gi
tr lm cho phn p UBE ca tranzito gim xung lm cho dng i CO gim v gi tr ban
u.
VR : Dng chnh v lm tuyn tnh ho c tuyn ca RT vi RT = f ( TO )

2.b. Diode vi bin tr mc ni tip

dng phn cc nht nh th in p trn diode hu nh khng thay i. Nu
diode cng vt liu vi cc tranzito cng sut th khi V ca diode xp x bng V ca
trsnzito. V chnh phn p cc cho ng yu cu
( H.V.2.b ).
Tnh cht gi n nh dng nhit cho tranzito B1
ca diode tng t nh RT trn.
VR mc ni tip vi cc diode do iu chnh im D1
tnh Q nhng li b mt mt tn hiu trn VR. Khi dng
tn hiu tng lm x dch im tnh Q ca tranzito th p
D2
ri trn VR cng tng theo tn hiu ra.

B2
Vr

H.V.2.b. Diode vi bin tr ni tip

2.c. Cc diode vi bin tr song song

Do c tuyn diode c on cong lc Vd b nn ni tr B1

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 10

diode s ln lc in p c vo diode ln. Do vi cch

mc song song ( H.V.2.c ) bin tr vi cc diode th khi dng
tn hiu ln n s chy qua diode cn dng tn hiu b n s
qua VR . Kt qu l c hin tng st p trn ZB1B2 hu D1
nh khng i, im tnh Q s khng b x dch. Tuy nhin
vi cch mc ny ta kh iu chnh hn. Vr
B2
D2

2.d. in tr ZB1B2 dng mch tranzito

Vi gi thit dng IB nh, ta c:

VBE VR RB
VCE (1)
RB T
ro Vr n
g qu trnh lm vic th VBE hu nh khng i, lc ny ta
gi gi tr RB v VR gi tr khng i th lc ny V CE
Q
khng i tc l VBB khng thay i. Mt khc, mch
tranzito cn gi n nh im lm vic lm tnh Q ca
tranzito khi nhit thay i.Khi nhit thay i tng ln, Rb
th dn n dng iCO tng lm cho VBE gim th VB1B2 gim
lm cho dng ICO gim, ngha l dng ICO c n nh. Vy
im lm vic tnh Q khng b x dch theo nhit .
VI. NGUN DNG N NH BNG TRANZITO :
Ngun dng l ngun hng s l ngun dng in chay ra khng thay i theo
s thay i ca ti Rt
I
K hiu:

Mun to c mt ngun dng bng hng ta c th dng tranzito vi in p V B

c gi n nh. Xt s sau:

R1 IL ZL IL

1
1

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 11

I ZB ZE

Ngun dng ni tr RI cng ln th cng n nh v gn ging vi ngun dng l

tng.
Ta thy: RI I I
Nu RI rt ln th IL = I = I L
RI Z L 1 Z L
Const RI
Ngun dng tranzito cho
gi tr IR rt ln chnh l in tr rCE i vi tn hiu xoay chiu ( AC )
d VCE VCE
rCE RCEO
d IC IC Nh hi tip m dng
in do c RE m ni tr
tng ln rt ln ( hngM).
Ta c:
dI L dI C
T (1 ), ( 2) v ( 3) suy dVCC dVL
ra dVBE dI B Z B // RL dI E RE (1)
dIB dI
dI E dI ZB //hR B dI E RE
ie LdI (2)
dI B Z B // RL RE hie RE dI C
B C

dVBE hie dI B (3)

Thay dIB vo ( 4 ) RE dI C
dI h fedI B hie dV
C dI (4)
B

CE
R dI R E hie hoe dVCE
Vy dI C h fe1 Z B // RR E C
dV Z // R R h
L h

T cng thc RI dI h 1 B Z //L R RE hie

CE E fe
(5)
oe
( 5 ) cho ta
C
B L
RE h fe
E ie
dI C 1
thy: Z B // RL R E h ie hoe dVCE
Mun tng RI
th phi thay ZB
bng diode ZB ca diode nh ng thi n cn tc dng n nh nhit cho tranzito
ngun dng.
VIII. TNG KHUCH I CNG SUT :
1. Nhng vn chung v tng khuch i cng sut :
Tng khuch i cng sut l tng cui cng mc vi ti ngoi c nhim v
a ra cng sut ln theo yu cu trn ti. Cng sut ra ca n c vi phn mi
ot (W) cho n v ln hn khong 100W. Cng sut ny c a ra ti di dng
in p hoc dng in c bin ln. Khi khuch i tn hiu ln, cc tranzito
khng lm vic trong min tuyn tnh v vy nhng s tng ng tn hiu nh
khng cn ph hp. Trong tng khuch i cng sut thng phi ch n cc ch
tiu nng lng.
Tng khuch i cng sut c th dng tranzito lng cc hoc IC khuch i
cng sut. Theo cch mc ti m ta chia ra thnh hai loi l khuch i cng sut c
bin p v khuch i cng sut khng c bin p .

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 12

2. Cc tham s c bn :
Trong tng khuch i cng sut chng ta phi lu v quan tm n cc tham
s c bn sau
- H s khuch i cng sut. L h s khuch i cng sut KP l t s gia cng sut
ra v cng sut vo.
Pr
KP
Pv
- Hiu sut. Hiu sut l t s cng
sut ra v cng sut cung cp mt chiu
Pr

PO : Cng sut cung cp mt chiu PO
Hiu sut cng ln th cng sut
tn hao trn cc colect cng nh
- Tr khng vo. i vi tr khng yu cu tr khng vo phi ln tng ng
dng tn hiu vo nh ngha l mch phi c h s khuch i dng in ln .
3>.Ch lm vic :
3.a>. Ch A :
ch ny tn hiu c khuch i gn nh tuyn tnh, gc ct l ln nht ,
= 1800. Khi tn hiu vo l hnh sin th ch A dng tnh colect (I CO) lun lun
ln hn bin dng ra. V vy hiu sut ca b khuch i A rt thp ( nh hn
50% ). Do ch A ch c dng trong trng hp cng sut nh.( H.IX.3a)
iC
ICO

t1 t2 t

H.IX.3a. Ch A
3.b>. Ch B :
Ch ca tranzito lm vic ng vi gc = 900. im lm vic tnh Q c xc
nh ti UBE = 0. Ch mt na chu k m ( hoc dng ) ca in p vo c tranzito
khuch i. Ch ny c th cho hiu sut rt cao nhng tn hiu ra b mo
(H.IX.3.b). iC

t1 t2 t

H.IX.3.b. Ch B
VIII.2.2.c. Ch C
Ch C n c gc ct < 900 hiu sut kh cao ( ln hn 78 % ) nhng mo
rt ln. N c dng trong b khuch i tn s cao v dng vi ti cng hng
c th lc ra c hm bc nht nh mong mun. Ch C thng c dng trong
mch logic hoc mch kho.( H-IX.3.c).

iC

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 13

ICo
t1 t2 t

H-IX.3.c. Ch C

VIII.2.2.d. Ch AB
C gc ct 900 < < 1800. ch ny c th t hiu sut cao hn ch A v
dng tnh lc ny nh hn dng tnh ch A im lm vic nm trn t tuyn ti
khu vc tt ca tranzito. Nhng li nh hn hiu sut ch B. Thc ra y l bin
php trnh mo Crossover ca ch B. tng khuch i cng sut ngi ta thit
k trazito lm vic ch AB.( H.IX.3.d).
iC

ICo

t1 t2 t

H.IX.3.d. Ch AB.
4>.Tng khuch i cng sut lm vic ch A :
Ch A c dng trong tng khuch i cng sut n hay cn gi l tng
khuch i n, n m bo tn hiu ra mo t nht nhng hiu sut nh nht khong
25% cng sut ti khng vt qu vi W. im lm vic tnh ca n thay i xung
quanh im tnh. So vi tng khuch i tn hiu nh, n ch khc l bin tn hiu
ln. Tng khuch i n hay dng s chung emit hoc lp emit v loi s
ny c h s khuch i dng in ln v mo phi tuyn nh.

4a. S emit chung

Vcc

Rb
Rc

C
IC

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 14

U CE

Khi tn hiu vo hn sin, cng sut ra c tnh nh sau:

2 2
U CE I C I C RC U CE

I C min
I CPrmax U CE max U CE min (1)
IC 2 2 & 2 RC U CE (2)
Thay ( 2 2 2
) vo ( 1 )

U CE max U CE min I C max IC min

Pr (3)
8 T ( 3 ) ta
s nhn c
cng sut ln nht vi iu kin sau
U CE max U CE min U CC
tc l U CC
I C max I C min 2 I C o
U CE
2
v U CC
RC 2
2 I Co U CC U I
Pr max CC Co
xc nh 8 RC 4
hiu sut cn xc nh cng sut cung cp mt chiu
T
1
U CC I CO I C Sin t dt U CC I CO
T 0
P0 Pr max
x 100 % 25 %
Hiu P0
sut:
Khi ghp bin p c th tng hiu sut ln 50% v c th b qua in tr mt
chiu ca bin p, ngha l gim in p ngun cung cp mt chiu cho mch.
4.b>. S lp emit :
S lp emit rt thch hp i vi tng khuch i cng sut. Dng loi s
lp emit d dng phi hp tr khng vi ti. c tn hiu ra ln ta cn chn im
lm vic tnh nm gia ng ti .

Vcc

S lp v tn hiu ra
tng emit lp.
U CER U CC U CER
U CC R1 Ta c:
U CE U CER
2 2 Vi U
Vin C I Eo CC
Q Bin in p 2 Rt
cc i
hoc CC U CER
U
U E I
R2 I CEO Rt
2
Khi in din tr ti
c gi tr ti u

Lc ny ta nhn c U U CC U CER
Rt

cng sut ln nht 2 I Eo
IC

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 15

2
U Ie Ue U CC U CER ( a )
2

Pmax e
2 2 Rt 8 Rt Coi IC IE, ta tnh
c cng sut mt chiu cung cp cho mch
(b) PO U CC I Eo
T ( a ) v ( b )
Hiu sut cc i ca mch
Pr max U CC U CER
2
U U CER
Khi PO
.100 %
8 Rt U CC I Eo
.100 % CC
4U CC
.100 % 25 %
yu cu
ti ra khng c dng in mt chiu, ngi ta thng dng s lp emit ghp in
dung vi ti.
5.>Tng khuch i y ko :
5.a>. Cc loi s :
tng cng sut, hiu sut v gim mo phi tuyn ngi ta thng dng
tng khuch i y ko. Tng khuch i y ko l tng gm c hai phn t tch
cc mc chung ti. Thng dng hai loi s y ko gm loi y ko song song
( H.VIII.4.a ) v loi y ko ni tip ( H.VIII.4.b )
S y ko song song, cc phn t tch cc c mc bn tri, cn nhnh phi
l cc in tr ti. im gia ca phn t tch cc v in tr l ngun U CC. Ngc li
trong s y ko ni tip th ngun c mc bn phi c im gia mc vi ti.
S y ko song song c cc phn t tch cc u song song v mt mt chiu,
cn ni tip th u ni tip v mt mt chiu. in tr ti R t s mc song song
ch c ngha nu hai na ca n c lin h vi nhau nh cm ng hoc nh bin
i nng lng sao cho ton b cng sut c a ht ra ti chung tiu th. Cn
s ni tip, khng cn dng mch ghp bin p v Rt khng yu cu c im gia.

Phn t Phn t
tch cc UCC tch cc

Rt UCC

Phn t Phn t
tch cc tch cc

(a) (b)
H.5. Phn loi cc tng y ko
( a ) S y ko song song; ( b ) S y ko ni tip.
5.b>. Mt s c im c bn.
- im t ca cc mch mc song song l u m ca ngun mt chiu, im
t ca mch mc ni tip l im gia ca ngun mt chiu.
- Cc mch y ko dng hai loi tranzito cung loi kch thch bi cc tn hiu
ngc pha. to c tn hiu ny ngi ta c th dng tng khuch i o pha

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 16

hoc dng bin p m cun th cp ca n c im gia ni t v mt xoay chiu.

Cn cc loi mch y ko dng hai traanzito khc loi th c kch thch bi tn
hiu ng pha. V vy c th dng cng mt tn hiu kch thch cho hai tranzito.
- Cc tng y ko c th lm vic ch A, AB, hoc B. ch B im lm
vic c chn sao cho dng in ra ch tnh I ro bng khng v in p ra ch
tnh Uro bng in p ngun cung cp. Mi tranzito ch khuch i mt na chu k
dng hoc m tn hiu vo. Hai tn hiu ra c tng hp hon chnh trn R t. Tuy
nhin, ch B cn phi lu n mo tn hiu sinh ra khi im lm vic chuyn
tip t tranzito ny sang tranzito khc v trong tranzito ch c dng emit khi c in
p baz - emit ln hn 0,7 V . Khi in p baz - emit nh th n c khuch i
rt t hoc hon ton khng c khuch i mo sinh ra cng ln khi in p vo
cng nh. Mo ny c khc phc bng cch tng tr s dng ra ti im tnh I r o v
cho tng ra lm vic ch AB.
6>.Phn loi tng khuch i cng sut ( theo cch a tn hiu ra ).
6.a>. Mch cng sut ghp ti qua bin p

M
ch ny
c u
im
hiu + sut
1
cao

nhng t c dng. N ch dng trong nhng trng hp yu cu phi cch in mt

chiu hoc yu cu phi cho hiu sut cao trong khi ngun cung nh v s ny c
kch thc ln, gi thnh cao, di tng lm vic hp v khng th thc hin di dng
tch hp.
6.b>. Mch khuch i cng sut ghp t ng ra(OTL).
u im: Ch c mt b ngun cung cp, di thng rng hn mch ghp bin p,
hiu sut cao, t cng knh ch lm vic n nh, cch dng mt chiu tt.
Nhc im: B hn ch tn s thp tn hao nng lng trn t C.
Vcc

R3

Q2
R1
D1
C2

Vin C1
D2

R2 Q1 1
Q3

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 17

6.c>. Mch khuch i cng sut khng ghp t ng ra (OCL) :

u im: Khng gy mo tn s thp do khng c t, hiu sut cao
Nhc im: Phi dng hai ngun cung cp i xng khng ngn cn c dng
mt chiu qua loa khi mch mt i xng.
6.d>. Khuch i cu BTL
u im: Cng sut ra ln, dng mt ngun cung cp
Nhc im: Dng nhiu linh kin, cc v ca cu phi tht i xng m bo
khng b mo tn hiu. Ti khng c ni vi v my.
X. MCH KHUCH I CNG SUT OCL.
*Dng s c bn ( H.IX ).
*Tnh ton:
+ in p trn nh loa
V LP VCC VCES
+ in p hiu dng ra loa
V LP VCC VCES
V Lhd
2 2

R3

H.X.1 S c bn ca OCL.
+ Cng sut tiu th trn loa Q1

VCC VCES
2
V 2 CC D2
+ Dng in trung bnh PL
2 RL 2 RR1
chy qua loa L
D1

2 I LP 2 I LP
+ Cng I Ltb
2 I LP sin t d t C1 cos t 0
0

Q2

sut ngun
cung cp R2
Q3

2 I LP
PCC VCC I L tb VCC .

+ Cng sut tiu tn trn hai tranzito

2
2VCC I LP RL I LP
2 Ptt PCC PL ()
2 tn cng sut
tiu tn cc i trn
mi tranzito ta o hm cng thc
theo ILP ()
d 2 Ptt 2VCC
RL I LP 0
dI LP th Ptt P
2ttVmax
I LP CC

2VCC R
2
RL
2VCC 2VCC
RL L
2V 2 CC
2 Ptt max . 2
RL 2 RL
2 2
VCC VCC
Ptt 0,1
2 RL RL
V Minh Khu Lp 00T2
 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 18

Ta c: Ptt max V 2 CC 2 RL 2 1
Vy 2 21 2
PL Ptt max
RL V 5CCP 5
+ Dng ti L

VCC
I C max I LP max 2
V RL
2
VCC
PL max R I 2
RL CC
2 RL
2
hd 2 VCC
2 RL
+ Hiu PCC max RL
sut
PL max
Mch khuch i cng max 78,5 %
PCC max 4
sut OCL c di thng rng
nhng phi dng hai ngun cung cp i xng. Mch OCL khng phi hp c vi
tr khng loa. Mun c cng sut ln phi dng ngun cung cp ln.
XI. VN GIM NHIT CHO TRANZITO CNG SUT:
Trong mch khuch i cng sut khi chuyn i cng sut ngun nui ra cng
sut hu ch trn ti mt phn cng sut s lm nng cc tranzito cng sut vi loi
Ge th nhit gy hng khong 90 0 cn i vi Si l khong 2000C. Do vn
lm gim nhit ca tranzito l cn thit trong cc mch khuch i cng sut.
Xem xt cch dng cc tm nhm to nhit: Cc tm nhm to nhit cn c b
mt lng bng khng c khuyt, hng bn trong. B mt en tng hiu sut bc x.
Tm nhm nn t thng ng.
Khi cho tranzito vo tm nhm ni tip xc do in th tip xc gia ng v
nhm cao, nn lu ngy gia ni tip xc b n mn do hi axit trong khng kh.
trnh hin tng ny nn bi vo ni tip xc mt lp vaslinsilicon trnh n mn
v gim nhit tr ni tip xc.

PHN II : THIT K V TNH TON

YU CU: MCH KHUCH I CNG SUT OCL

Ng vo : n
Cng sut : P = 105W

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 19

in p vo : Vin = 0,775V

Tr khng loa : RL =4

Tr khng vo : Zin = 300 K

Bng thng : BW = 16Hz - 16KHz
Mo phi tuyn : = 0,3%

TC DNG CC LINH KIN :

* Tng khuch i cng sut :

T hp Q1,Q 3 v Q2,Q4 l t hp cc tranzitor mc theo kiu b i xng dng
cho khuch i cng sut .
R1,R2 c nhim v va to phn cc tnh cho Q 1,Q2 ng thi cho thot dng
baz trong thi gian chuyn trng thi ng m nhm bo v ttranzitor khng b
h v n nh nhit , ng thi cn c tc dng cn bng dng ra .
R3,R4 in tr r dng, trnh ting loa khi cha c tn hiu vo .
* Tng Driver :
Q7 l tranzito khuch i thc, RE v R 6 in tr hi tip m n nh nhit
(Ring R6 khng c tc dng hi tip ch xoay chiu) .
D1,D2,D3 v VR l thnh phn phn cc cho tng cng sut lm vic trn ch
AB .
Q8 ,VR1,D4,D5 v R13 to ra ngun dng c ni tr ln nng cao tr khng ra
cho tng li vi mc ch l nng h s khuchd i in p cho Q7
R5 v R8 in tr phn cc cho tng li .
* Tng vo :
Q9 l Tranzito u vo .

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 20

R9 v R10 l in tr phn cc cho Q9 hot ng ch A.

* Mch bo v :
ng vo tng khuch i cng sut c mch hn dng bo v qu ti nh Q 10
v Q11
R14,R15,R16 v R17 l thnh phn phn cc cho Q10 v Q11
* Cc thnh phn khc
C2 t phn ng hay t lin lc ng vo
R12 v C1 mch lc zobel n nh tr khng ra v chng dao ng t kch
R11,C4 v R17, C5 mch lc thng thp loi b tng s cao cho ngun cung
cp v chng dao ng t kch

TNH TN
A>.TNG NGUN :
1>.Bin ca tn hiu ra VLP :
-Gi s tn hiu vo ca mch khuch i c dng hnh Sin l :
vi = ViSint
th tn hiu ra nhn c trn ti s l :
vo =VLPSint + V0
Ilp = ILPSint + I0
Trong VLP v ILP l in p v dng in cc i trn ti ; V 0 , I0 l in p v dng
in mtchiu trn ti .
Do tn cng sut c phn cc ch AB nn dng tnh v in p tnh ri trn ti
coi nh khng ng k (B qua dng r ngc).
Vy
vo =VLPSint
Ilp = ILPSint
Gi Ihd ,Vhd l in p v dng in hiu dnh ri trn ti th :
Vhd = VLP/2
Ihd = ILP/2
Cng sut ra trn ti :

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 21

PL =RL. Vhd2
I hd2
RL
Hay
VLP Vhd 2 2 RL PL 2.4.105 29V
Dng in cc i qua ti :

I LP VLP 29 7,25 A
2>.in p ngun cung RL 4

cp VCC :
- gim mo tn hiu ra loa th in p ngun phi ln hn in p nh trn ti
(loa) ,tc l ta phi chn : VCC >VLP . Mt khc v Transistor Q 1 v Q2 lm vic ch
AB nn chn h s s dng ngun l =0,8 ,do :
VLP 36,25V VCC = ;
0,8
d tr , ta chn ngun i
xng VCC = 38V
3>. Cng sut ngun cung cp PCC :
*Dng cung cp trung bnh :
Icctb = 1
2 0
2 I LP Sint 2 I LP

2 I LPVCC 2 7,25.38 176W =>PCC = Icctb.Vcc =
3,14
4>. Hiu sut ca
mch :
= PL max .100 105 .100 60
P CC 176
Vy cn chn ngun cung
cp mch hot ng tt vi cc thng s sau :
VCC =38V
PCC =176W
IL =7,25A
B>. TNG KHUCH I CNG :
*Tng khuch i cng sut c nhim v pht ra trn loa mt tn hiu m,tn c
xc nh theo yu cu thit k l 105 W.
*Cc BJT ny lm vic mc in p cao,cc colector qua Q 1,Q2 cng rt ln.V
vy phi chn Q1,Q2 sao cho ph hp ,ng thi phi chn ngun,dng ngun khng

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 22

c vt qu tr s gii hn cho php ca BJT nhng cng phi ln m bo

cng sut v hiu sut ca mch t gi tr cao . Ngoi ra vic chn BJT cn phi ch
n mo dng tnh hiu hay tp trung nhiu nht tng ny.
* trnh mo phi tuyn , ng thi m bo hiu sut ta chn Q 1,Q2 hot ng
ch AB.
*V mch lm vic ch AB nn dng tnh colector nm
trong khong 20 50(mA)
-Vy ta chn dng tnh trn Q1 , Q2 l :
IEoQ1= IEoQ3 = ICQ1 ICoQ1 = 50 (mA)
V Q1,Q2 lun trng thi ngng dn , ch cn mt tn hiu vo nh th s lm cho
Q1Q2 dn ngay . iu ny c th khc phc mo xuyn tm (crossover)
-Dng nh qua Q1 (Q2) l:
IE1P = IE2P = IEoQ1 + ILP = 0.05 + 7.25 = 7.3(A)
1. Tnh chn R1,R2 :
- R1, R2 c tc dng cn bng dng v n nh nhit cho Q1,Q2 .
- trnh tn tht tn hiu trn ti la chn :
UR1 = = 1 1 29 = 1.45 (V)
Vlp
2020
R1= R2 = V R1

1.45
0,2()
I E 1P 7.3
ph hp vi thc t , ta
chn R1 = R2 = 0.33
2>.Tnh chn Q1, Q2 :
Ngun cung cp nng lng t l vi bin vo , ta c :
2 PTT (AC) = PCC - 2 I LP .VCC 1 R I 2 2 R ( I LP ) 2
TC 2
L LP 1 2
PL - 2PR1 = (*)
Xc nh gi tr ca ILP1 cng sut tiu tn ca mi BJT t gi tr cc i
T (*) ,ta c :
d (2 PTT ( AC ) 2VCC
Thay li (*) ta R L I PL 2 R1 I LP
dI LP
c:
2
4VCC 4R V 2 8R V 2
2 Ptt ( AC ) 2 L CC 2 2 1 CC 2
( RL 2 R1 2 ( RL 2 R1 ) 2 ( RL 2 R1 )
2
2VCC RL 2 R1
2 [2 ]
V Minh Khu ( RL 2 R1 ) R L 2
Lp R1 R L 2 R1
00T2
2
2VCC 2.38 2
62(W )
2 ( RL 2 R1 ) (3,14) 2 (4 2.0,33)
 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 23

*Vy cng sut tiu tn xoay chi trn mi BJT l :

62
Ptt ( AC ) 31(W )
2

*Cng sut tiu tn 1 chiu trnmi BJT Q1 ,Q2 l :

Pttdc=VCEQ.ICE0Q=0,05(38 - 0,05.0,33) 1,9(W)

*Vy cng sut tiu tn cc i trn mi BJT Q1 ,Q2 l :

Pttmax=Pttac+Pttdc=31+1,9=32,9(W)

-Chn Q1 ,Q2 vi cc yu cu sau :

Ic >IE1P =7,3A
VCE0 >2Vcc =76(W)
PC >3Pttmax=3.32,9 = 100W
*Tra s tay tra cu 10000 Transistor Quc T ta chn c Q 1 l 2SD462 loi NPN ,
cn b ph Q2 l 2SB666 loi PNP.

Loi BJT PC250 VCE0 ICmax Tj0 hfe fgh

2SD426 100W 120V 12A 1500C 40/120 5M
2SB666 100W 120V 12A 1500C 40/120 6M

3.>Tnh chn R3 , R4 :
*Dng tnh qua Q1 :
I E 0Q1

50.10 3
1,22( mA)
IB0Q1= -
h fe1 1 41
ng vi VBEQ= 0.6(V)
*Dng nh qua Q1 l :
IBPQ -ng I E0

7,3.10 3
178(mA)
h fe1 1 41
viVBEP=1,4(V)
*.Tr khng xoay chiu gia B v A :
V BA max VBAQ (V BE max/ Q1 VR1 max ) (V BEQ / Q1 V R1Q )
Z BA( ac )
I B max I BQ I Bma / Q1 I BQ / Q1
(1,4 0,33.7,3) (0,6 0,33.0,05)
18
(178 1,22).10 3

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 24

Tr khng mt chiu t B n A :
ZBA(dc)=
V BAQ V BAQ / Q1 V R1Q 0,6 0,33.0,05
505 Cc in tr
I BQ / Q1 I BQ / Q1 1,22.10 3
R3,R4 c tc
dng r dng nhit nn khi chn phi m bo sao t tn hao tn hiu , ta chn :
ZBA(ac) << R3 << ZBA(dc)

ng thi ph hp vi thc t , ta chn :

R3 = R4 = 180()
Dng mt chiu qua R3 l :
VR3Q 0,6 0,33.0,05 0,6165.10 3
3,425(mA)
RR3 180 180
IR3(dc) =
Dng cc i qua R3 l :
VBAP 1,4 7,3.0,03 3,809
0,21(mA)
R3 180 180
IR3P =
Dng tnh qua Q3 :
IEQ3 = IB/Q1 + IR3 = 1,22 + 3,425 = 4,645(mA)
Dng cc i qua Q3 :
IE3max = IB1max +IR3max = 178 +21
Khi c R3,R4 th tr khng xoay chiu gia Q3,Q4 thay i :

V Ba V BA max V BAQ 3,809 0,6165 3,1925

'
Z BA ( ac ) 16,5
I BA I E 3 max I E 3Q 200 4,645 195,555
Vy
ZBAAC thay i khng ng k .
4>. Chn Q3,Q4 :
* Cng sut ngun cung cp cho Q3 :
PCC = VCC. ICC (tb)/3
V 1

I EM / Q 3
I cetb
2 0
I EM / Q 3 sin tdt

Cng sut tn hao
trn ti Q3

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 25
2
1 I EM / Q 3 2 Z T / Q 3 I EM / Q 3
P2 Z T / Q 3 ( )
=> Cng sat tiu 2 2 4
tn PTT trn Q3 :
V Z T / Q3 2
PTT PCC PL CC I EM / Q 3 I EM / Q 3
4
=> DPTT / Q 3 VCC

Z T / Q3
I EM / Q 3
DI EN / Q 3 2
Cho => DP 2V
I EM / Q 3 TT / Q 3 CC
0
DI EM / QZ
3 T / Q3
2VCC *Vy cng sut tiu tn trn
I EM / Q 3
Z T / Q 3
Q3 t cc i khi :
Thay vo ta c . 2
2VCC 2Z T / Q 3 VCC2
PTT max V 2
CC
Z T / Q 3 2 2 Z T2 / Q 3 2 ZT / Q3
*Ti xoay chiu ca
Q3 :
Zt/Q3 = ZBA + (hf1 +1)RL
Q3

=16,5 + 41.4 =180,5 ()

ZBA
2
VCC 38 2 Vy:
VTT max/ Q 3 2 0,8W
180,5 1805
(hfe1+1)RL
*Cng sut do
dng tnh gy ra l:
Pttdc=VccIeq/q3= w 38.0,004645=0.18
Nh vy: Ptt=0,8 + 0,18=9,8
*
W
Ta cun Transisto Nht bn chn Q3,Q4 l:
Loi BJT Vclo hfe Pc260c Tj f Loi Ic
2SA1021 150v 60/320 20w 1500c >20 Si,p 1,5A
2sc2481 150v 60/320 20w 150c >20 Si,N 1,5A

*Chn hf23=hf24=150
Ta c dng:
I EQ / Q 3 0,4645
I BQ / Q 3 0,0031 mA
h fe 3 1 151
I EQ / Q 3 199
I BQ / Q 3 1,32 mA
C>.THIT K TNG BRIVER : h fe 3 1 151

* n nh phn cc trnh nh hng mA ca dng tn hiu IB/Q3 ta phi chn i0

ca Q7 v Q8 phi ln hn nhiu so vi iBmax ca Q3 khi dngIBQthayi th dng
phn cc qua diode coi nh thay i khng ng k.
ICQ/Q7=ICQ/Q3=10IB/Q3=10.1,32=13,2 75mA

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 26

Chn D1,D2,D3 loi 1N914 si vi :

ID=13,2 th vD=0,7(V) mA
2,4 3.0,7
VR 2 3
22,7
13,2.10
10mA
Vy chn VR2=200 chnh. vD
*Tnh ngun dng Q8:
Chn dng qua D4,D5 bng dng IE/Q8=13,2mA D4 V R1

nn chn loi diode 1N914 lun.

D5
1,4 0,6 0,8
60
Q8
V R1
13,2 13,2.10 3
R13 Chn VR1=200
chnh.
*Chn Q8: VCEQ8=VCC-VR1-VBEQ3-VR3Q=38-0,80-0,6-0,62=35(V)
Cng sut tiu tn cc i Q8 l:
Pttmax=VCEQ8.IEQ/Q8=35.13,2=146(mw)
Chn Q8 tha: ICmax>ICmaxQ8=13,2(mA)
Pc>(2-3)462
VCEO>2VCE=70(v)
Tnh ni tr ngun dng:
Loi Si ,p Pmax VCE0 IC Tj fT
2SA898 1W 120V 50mA 150 175 100

*Chn BJT Khuch i Tng Thc:

Tr khng ti ca Q7 (nhn t cc C) l:
Zt/Q7=[hie3+hf23(R3//hiE1)+hf21.hfE3.Rl]//ri
Vi ni tr ngun dng rI>>,ta c:
Zt/Q7=[hie3+hf23(R3//hiE1)+hf21.hfE3.Rl]
Vi:
VT 25
hie1 h fe1 40 20
I EQ / Q 3 50

VT 25
hie 3 h fe 3 150 807
I EQ / Q 3 4,645

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 27

=>ZE/Q7=807+150.20+40.150.4=27807()=27,807(K)
V Q7 c ti ln nn d ri vo vng bo ha gy mo tn hiu ,v vy phi c tn
hiu hi tip c mt chiu ln xoay chiu, n nh im lm vic v h s
khuch i cho Q7

189()
2,5v Chn h p mt chiu trn
13,2mA
RE+R6 l 2,5v suy ra RE+R6=
Chn RE=100
R6=82
ph hp vi in tr thc t.
Vce/Q7=38-1,2-2,5=34,3(v)
*Q7 lm vic ch A do cng sut tiu tn trn Q7 l:
Ptt=Vce/Q7.ICQ/Q7=34,3.13,2 =453(mw)
Vcc2 38 2
Pac 5,2 mw
2 Z t / Q 7 10.27807

Vy BJT Qt phi chn :

Ic>13,2(mA)
Pc>(23)453( . mW)
.
Vce>2Vce=76( v)
Tn P0 Ft Tj Vce0 Loi Icmax

0
2sc2375 900mw 130Hz 150 c 120 250 Si,N 50mA

hieQ7=250 25
473,5()
13,2
I c / Q7 13,2
I b / Q7 0,053( mA)
h feQ 7 250
D>-TNG VO:
Chn Ic/Q9=12IB/Q7=0,64(mA)
VR8 2,5 0,7
R8 5,47(k)
I c / Q9 0,64
Chn in tr thc t
5,8(k).
1
Vcc 3,8(v ) *Chn VR7=
10
V Minh Khu Lp 00T2
 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 28

=> R7
3,8

3,8
5,9(k)
I E / Q9 0,64
Chn in tr thc t
R7=6(k).
Vcc *Q9 lm vic ch A nn
19(v)
2
chn: Vcc/Q9=
=>VR5=Vcc-Vce/Q9-VR7-Vr8=38-19-3,8-3,2=12(v)

R5
VR5

12
18,75(k)
=>
I c / Q9 0,65
Chn in tr thc
R5=18(k).
Cng sut tiu tn ca Q9 l:
* Ptt=PDc=Vce/Q9.Ic/Q9=(38-3,8-3,2)0,64=31.0,64=19,84(mw)
Chn Q9 tha mn: Ic>0,64(mA)
Vc>2Vce=38(v)
P>(2-3)Ptt=(2-3)19,84(mw)
Tra cun 10000 Transistor QT ta c:
Tn Vce Pc Ic Hfe Tj Loi
2SA889 45V 350mw 50mA 150 1350c Si,p

*Tr khng ra ca Q9 l: RQ9=R5+R8=18+6,8=24,8(k)

*Tr khng vo ca Q7 l: 25
(1 250)100
13,2
ZvQ7=hieQ7+(1+7)Re=250
=473,5+25100=25,5(k)
*Nh vy tr khng vo ca Q7 gn bng tr khng ra ca Q9 nn phi hp tr khng.
R8 .Z vQ 7 *Tnh ZtQ9 (nhn t cc c): ZtQ9-
R8 Z vQ 7
=R5+R6//[hieQ7+(1+7)Re]=R5+
6,8.25,5 173,4
18 23,4( k)
6,8 25,5 32,3
= 18+
*Tnh chn R11,R17:
Chn VR11=VR17=12(v)

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 29

0,64 Chn IpA=8Ic/Q9/9=

8 0,034(mA)
150
R11=R17= 12
315,8(k)
0,034
Chn in tr thc R11=R17=330(k)
V R 9,10

76 12,2
1529( k)
R9+R10=
I PA 0,034
VR10=Vcc+VBE9+VR7-
VR17=38+0,7+3,8-12=30,5
V R10

30,5
897( k) 0,897( M)
=>R10=
I PA 0,034
Chn R10=1M
=>R9=1529-1000=529k
E>.TNH TON H S KHUCH I-KIM TRA THIT K :
1/. s tng ng t tn thc tr ra:
HieQ7

Zt/Q7

RE

* r Z
h
ie
/Q7
ce t/Q7

hie*/Q7=hie/Q7+(hfe/Q7+1)Re=25,5(k)
Zt/Q7=27,807(k)
H s khuch i mc kiu E chung:
h fe / Q 7 .Z t / Q 7
A7 273(ln)
hie* / Q 7
2/s tng ng t
tn vo n tn thc:

rbe/ Q9 rCE Zt/Q9

19 R7//VR3

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 30

Zt/Q7=23,4(k)
*H s khuch i ca mch khi c hi tip:

Af
AVo V Kht.Avo>>1
1 k ht Av 0
nn:
V
A
K htAf VoR 3
Vi
R7 khtVR 3
=> A
vlp

R729
1 26
26,,46
46
vf
Vi 2 0V
,775 2
VR3
R7

6,8
257() => R3

25,46 25,46
Chn R3 l bin
chnh 470 ; VR3//R7=VR3
3>.H s khuch i Q9:
Z t / Q9
Av / Q 9 h fe / Q 9
hie* / Q 9
Vi 25
Vt 151.257*
0I,64 (1 9 )V R
ES
hie/Q9=hie/Q9+(1+9)VR3 =9 =
150 =44,67(k)
150.23,4 => Av9=-(Ln)
78,6
44,67
Vy li vng h l:
Av=Av9.Av7=(-78,6)(-273) = 21458 (Ln)
4>.Tr khng vo
*Tr khng vo ca mch khi khng c hi tip l:
RI=[hie/+(1+9)VR3]//R9//R10=hie/Q9+(1+9)VR3
25 =150
151.127 44,67( k)
0,64
*Cn khi c hi tip:
Rif=(1+Kht.Av)RI=(1+)44,67=36, 21458 27(M)
26,46
Vy Rif>>Rj//R10.Vy tr khng vo do R9//R10 quyt nh
5>.kim tra tr khng vo:
Zin=Ri7//(R9//R10)=R9//R10
560.1000
Z in 359(k)
1560

Vy tha yu cu .

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 31

6>.Kim tra mo phi tuyn:

Yu cu =0,3 0
0

*Mo phi tuyn gy ra dotnh phi tuyn ca cc phn t tch cc( y chnh l
BJT)gy ra,nhng tp trung ch yu tng cuiQ1,Q2 quyt nh
VBE=VBEQ+VBEMsint
Vi: VBEQ=0,6v
VBE=1,4v =>VBE=1,4-0,6=0,8(v)
*Dng IC ca Q1 c dng :
v v v BEQ v BEM
iC I CS exp BE 1 I CS exp BE I CS exp exp Sint
VT VT VT VT
*Khai
trin di dng chui Taylor ca hm ex , ta c :
v v BEM v2
iC I CS exp BE 1 Sint BEM 1 Cos2t ....
VT VT 4VT
*H s mo
phi tuyn c tnh gn ng :
U 2m I 2m 0,8
8
U 1m I 1m 4.25.10 3
*Khi c hi tip , h s
mo phi tuyn s l :
; Vi g l su hi '
1 g m R L g
tip :
g=1+ 21458 K.Kht = 1 + = 843
25,45
gm = h fe h fe I EQ / Q1 50
2
hie VT VT 25
h fe . ' 8
0,1055
I EQ / Q1 1 2.4843
*Vy h s mo phi tuyn
tha mn yu cu cho php .
F>.TNH MCH ZOBEL :
*Mch Zobel l mch n nh in tr loa trong trng hp tn s cao . tn s cao ,
loa c tnh cm nn tr khng tng theo tn s . Do n lm cho tr khng ti Zt
khng n nh , lm cho m thanh ra cng khng n nh . V vy b li s thay
i ta phi mc thm mch Zobel .

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 32

*Chn R12 > RL mt t ,chn R12 =4,7

*Gi s tr khng loa tn s f r 2 L
2

=400Hz l : RL =
=> 1 1
L RL2 r 2 42 r 2
2.400
Gi s r = 3 => L =
1,05 (mH)
*Khi mc mch Zobel :
1
R r jL
jc
*ZL cng nh th di thng ZL A jB
1
R r jL
cng ln , tuy nhin khng j c
th qa nh v tn s cao tr khng khng gim c , ta c tn s trn ca di
thng l : fT=15KHz

C
1 Tn s ct , T = 2fT
C1 R12
Chn C C1
1
0,225 F
10.2..15.10 3.4,7
> 10T =>
*Vy chn C1 = 0,22 F

G>.TNH TON CC THNG S CN LI :

1>.Mch bo v BJT cng sut :
*Khi qua ti (Tc l khi transistor Q1 , Q2 dn bo ha ) p trn ti l VLmaxVCC
=38V , dng ti cc i c th :
VCC 38
I L max 0,5 A
RL 4
2V I V2 68.9,5 38 2
2 P CC L max CC 205,7 180,5 25,2W
2RL 3,14 2. 4

Ptt = 12,6(W) < PC ca BJT. Vy khng b nh hng .

*Khi ngn mch ti (cun dy loa b chm ) , lc R1 ,R2 ng vai tr l ti , trng
hp xu nht l VLm =29V , dng hiu dng chy qua R1 l :
29
62,14 A I1hd =
0,33. 2
Cng sut tiu tn trn R1 l :
PR1 = (62,14)2.0,33 = 1274,2(W)

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 33

29 Cng sut ngun cung

2VCC I Lm 2.38. 0,33
2127W
3,14 cp : PCC =
=:> Cng sut tiu tn m mi BJT phi chu l :
2127 1274
Ptt 426,15W 100W
2
*Nh vy khi xy ra
trng hp ny BJT s hng . V th ta phi chn mch bo v cho 2 BJT ny bng 2
BJT Q10 v Q11 . Lc mch lm vic bnh thng th Q10 v Q11 tt ,khng lm nh
hng n ch hot nh ca mch . Lc b chp mt s vng ca loa th dng qua
loa tng ln lm cho Q10 v Q11 dn khuch i . Do , tng khuch i cng sut b
kha li v nh vy mch c bo v .
*Chn dng mch bo v l : I1P = 8 (A)
=> VR1 = I1P R1 = 8.0,33 = 2,64 (V)
Chn ICQ10 = ICQ11 = 3mA
VCEQ10 =VBEQ3 + VBEQ1 + VR1 = 0,65 + 0,6 + 2,64 = 3,85(V)
*Vy chn Q10 v Q11 tha :
IC > ICQ = 3mA
VCE > 3,85V
P >> Ptt = 3,85.3 = 11,55W
Tn Vce Pc Ic Tj Loi
2SC2383 350mw 50mA 60/320 1350c Si,p
2SA1030 60/320

Tnh R15 , R16 , R14 , R19 :

*Lc Q10 v Q11 dn bo ha , dng qua R19 l :
I CQ 3
I BQ 0,05 mA
min 60

*Bnh thng Q10 v Q11 tt , khi VR1 = ILmax.R1 =7,3.0,33 = 2,409(V)

*Khi Q10 v Q11 dn , chn dng qua n = 10IBQ = 0,5(mA)
Chn VBEQ= 0,6V => R15 = = 0,6 1,2(K)
0,5
*Vy chn R15=R16=1,2K

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 34

R19 = - R16 = 4,818 - 1,2 = 2,409 3,618(K)

0,5
*Vy chn R14=R19= 3,9K
2>.Chn t :
R6 1 82 R a>.Chn t CE : XCE =

8,26
f min10
210 CE 10
Hay
10

10
0,48 mF CE =
2 f min R6 2.3,14.40.82
b>.T C2 :
10

10
0,11 F XC2 =Zin/10 =>
2.. f min Z in 2.3,14.40.359.10 3
C2 =
Chn C2 =0,1 cho ph hp vi F thc t .
c>.T C4 v C5 :
10 10
0,12 F XC4 =R11/10
2f min R11 2.3,14.40.330.10 3
=> C4 =
Chn C4 =C5= 0,12 l ph hp F vi thc t .
d>.T C3 :
XC3 =VR3/10 10

10
150 F
2f minV R 3 2.3,14.40.257
=> C3 =
Vy gi tr t trn l ph hp vi thc t .
3>.Tnh ton ta nhit cho BJT cng sut :
*Ta c Ptt = 32,9W ; PC =100W ; Ttgmax =1500C
Chn nhit ca mi trng Tmt = 250C ta c h s nhit tr K:
TTg max Tmt 150 25
K 3,8 C / W
Ptt max 32,9
Chn cnh gn
Transistor vi cnh ta nhit l ming m bng ch dy 0,1mm ta suy ra : KVC =
0,8(0C/w).
H s nhit tr Ktv (tip gip - v) c xc nh bng cng thc :
Ttg max Tj 150 0
K tv 1,5 C
K = Ktv + Kvc + PC PC 100 W

Kcm =>Kcm = K - Ktv- Kvc = 3,8 - 1,5 - 0,8 = 1,50C/W

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2

 An Mn Hc - K Thut Mch in T 1 Trang 35

*Chn cnh ta nhit hnh vung theo chiu hng ng c din tch ca cnh :
1000 1000
S 667cm 2
K Cm 1,5
Chiu di L ca n : S 26,8cm 2

L=
Chn L =27cm chiu dy: d = 0,8cm
Chn cnh ta nhit c nhiu cnh :
Ttb =Ptt.Kcm = 32,9. 1,5 = 49,350C
Gi s c ton tm chiu di ,ng vi Kcm =1,50C/W
Ta c : L = 90mm
Ta tm s cch :
n =L/20 + 0,4 90 0,4 80 L0,15.49,35 15,5
20
+0,15Ttb =
*Vy chn n = 16.

V Minh Khu Lp 00T2