Corrosion Study for Hybrid Monoethanolamine Solutions in

Carbon Dioxide Absorption Unit Application Part A

Tan Pui Yee
Chemical Engineering
UCSI University

Abstract-- Corrosion is defined as degradation or deterioration of material and its properties interact with
environment by electrochemical and chemical reaction. It is not only causes monetary loss but also potential
issues for human health. This study reveals to the levels of corrosion of carbon steel coupons immersed in
MEA hybrid solutions containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or Methanol (MeOH) either as partial or
full replacement of water. The corrosion characteristics were carried out in closed system and testing was
performed under room temperature (25oC) for interval period of 28 days. Few technique methods were used
to quantify and examine the corrosion rate, namely mass loss measurement, field-emission scanning electron
(FESEM), energy dispersive using x-ray (EDX) and Raman spectroscopy analysis. ASTM standards were
adopted in research design methodology for both methods due to it is liable and longest established method
for corrosion testing. The present study was determining the both hybrid solutions have the positive impact
on corrosion mitigation. However, the data shows that the carbon steel coupons immersed in MeOH hybrid
solvent solutions have lower mass loss compared to the NMP hybrid solvent solutions. In addition, the nature
of carbon steel surfaces and their corrosion outcomes which obtained experimentally based from techniques
measurements are included Fe (OH)2, FeOOH, Fe2O3 H2O, as well as phases of structure as in ferrite and
pearlite.

Index Terms Corrosion; Monoethanolamine, Hybrid solvent; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; Methanol;

Carbon steel.

I. INTRODUCTION

Corrosion is a phenomenon that intrinsic to every matter in nature, all the natural processes have tendency
toward to low stability of state of materials. In order to achieve the lowest energy states, most of metals that are not
in pure condition will tend to combine with other elements to achieve the objective. Corrosion occurs in form of
general, galvanic, pitting, crevice, intergranular, erosion, selective leaching and stress corrosion cracking (Fontana,
2005). It is very important to study corrosion because corrosion can lead to failure ad usually causes harmful or
more severe effect. In 21st century, none of enterprise or organization can tolerate the major failure of corrosion;
especially those may involve injuries, fatalities and shutdown of system as well as severe environment
contamination (Perez, 2016).

In modern business circumstance, corrosion issues are virtually lead to huge amount of expenditure to
process cost. According to NACE International (Gerhardus et al., 2016), the plant expenditure due to corrosion was
estimated about $47.9 billions for utilities and $17.6 billion for production and manufacturing of the maintenance
cost related. Additionally, corrosion is also has adverse impact on safety of plant personnel, for example pollution
due to releasing products from corroded unit or corrosion product itself (Perez, 2016).

Kohl and Nielsen, 1997 pointed that all amine-treating plants have experiences on corrosion problems.
Carbon steel is widely used in construction of equipment and piping in amine treating plants (Dupart et al. 1993).
Thus, the standard steels which accordance with ASTM was carried out in this study. Carbon steel is an alloy of
carbon and iron, carbon content up to maximum 1.5-2.0%. The carbon is presence in form as iron carbide due to its
ability to increase the strength and hardness of steel, about 85% of annual steel production in worldwide due to its
high tensile strength with lower cost and fulfills the economical demand of the market (World Steel Association,
2017). Thus, carbon steel CO2 absorption unit is one of the equipment that constantly employed in industries
(Veawab et al., 1999).

This research paper is provided information to understand how carbon steel corrodes based in different kinds
of hybrid solution under standard room temperature. Amine chemistry, which is defined as a kind and severity
impact of public health and environmental, and public health impacts associated with fugitive emissions of organic
solvents, or of the products are resulting from degradation of solvent or solvent induced causes equipment corrosion
(Perez, 2016). Thus, the selection of appropriate solvents for use in these processes is important. In the term for
solvent selection, amines will always have traditionally solvent of choices, as in for primary alkanoamine,
monoethanolamine (MEA) is the most widely used amine based solvent that in absorption unit for carbon dioxide
capturing whilst is recognized as kind of benchmark solvent to those alternative solvents in order to be compared
although literature survey proofed MEA has limitation in its CO2 loading capacity that based on the stoichiometry
(Salkuyeh and Mofarahim, 2001).

In recent years, researching on hybrid solvent in combination of methanol with MEA and diethanolamine
(DEA) as well as NMP with diethylene glycol (DEG) and MEA are expanding nevertheless there is still limited
information upon (Salkuyeh and Mofarahi, 2001). However, surprisingly Rivas and Prausnitz, 1979 was found that
the NMP was the best absorption solvent in comparing with four others solvents, (i.e monoethanolamine,
diglycolamine, sulfolane, propylene carbonate) even at low pressure that below 1 atm. Moreover, Tan et al. 2015
was imposed that NMP was such an efficient physical absorbent for CO2 in water, NMP, MEA aqueous solution and
MEA hybrid solution by increasing the pressure. Furthemore, Usubharatana and Tontiwachwuthikul, 2009 found
that the MEA mixed with the methanol solution was able to decrease the rate of MEA deprotonation, while the CO 2
absorption rate increased with the presence of methanol in this hybrid solvent. These implied the complex behavior
of hybrid solvent, however, it corrosion behavior is still unknown yet. Thus, in this research, more studies need to be
conducted in order to understand the solutions comprehensively.

II. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

2.1 Materials Preparation

Monoethanolamine, MEA (purity: 99.9%); N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP (purity: 99.98%); Methanol,

MeOH (purity: 99.98%), used in this research were purchased from MERCK. Pure distilled water was used to
prepare the aqueous solvent and hybrid solvent (ASTM G1-31). CO2 tank (purity >90%) used in the experiment as
well was purchased from Gas World.

2.2 Mass Loss Measurement Method

2.2.1 Preparation of testing solutions

The experiments were carried out using monoethanolamine, MEA and modified the setup by accordance
with ASTM G1-31, which as standard practice for laboratory immersion corrosion testing of metals. There are two
categories of amine solution to be prepared in each of organic solvent: (a) MEA hybrid solution with full
replacement of water (b) MEA hybrid solution with partial replacement of water. MEA was diluted to the desired
concentration; total five types of solution to be prepared, (i.e. 20wt.% MEA + 80wt.% H2O, 20wt.% MEA + 40wt.%
H2O + 40wt.%NMP, 20wt.% MEA + 80wt.%NMP, 20wt.% MEA + 40wt.% H2O + 40wt.%MeOH, 20wt.% MEA +
80wt.%MeOH).

2.2.2 Specimens and pre-treatment of surface

The specimens for corrosion test for this study were fabricated of carbon steel 1018 and were bought in from
supplier. Their chemical compositions are C 0.75-0.88; Fe 98.0-99.0; Mn 0.60-0.90; S 0.05 (max) & P
0.04. All the specimens were cleaned by using organic solvent (eg. distilled water) and in order to remove the grease
and oxidation film upon the surface of the steels.

2.2.3 Post-treatment of specimens

When the testing period ended, bottle solutions were removed to inspect the contents. The used test
solutions were discarded and disposed to waste tanks; each specimen was rinsed with forceful stream of tap water,
after that rinsed with distilled water and scrubbed with clean scouring pads till loose product on coupons to be
removed. By using acetone to remove the grease and moisture on the coupons and used the lint free tissue to clean
them accordingly.

2.2.6 Measurement for corrosion rate

The corrosion rate of carbon steel coupons were evaluated by using the equation (1) of weight loss
measurement as follows:

Corrosion Rate (MPY) =
Eq (1)

(ASTM G31-72)

where,

Mo Me = Changing in mass (grams);

K = Constant (section 8.1.2 ASTM);
2
A = Area (cm );
T = Time (hours);
3
= Density of metals (g/cm )

2.3 Analysis by FESEM-EDX (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X ray
Spectroscopy) Method

A batch of tested carbon steel coupons from five types solution (w/o scrub) was sent to Laboratory Centre at
Malaysia - Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIT) for scanning using field emission scanning electron
microscopy technique (FESEM) (Helios NanoLab G3, The ElstarTM FESEM). The purpose of the scanning was to
further analyze the morphology of the carbon steel after immersion in solution for 28 days.

2.4 Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy

Total ten (10) fresh solutions which MEA aqueous solution, MEA partial aqueous replacement solution and
MEA fully aqueous replacement solution with CO2 loading were sent to Research Centre at Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS (UTP) for analysis by using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy results of samples solution
were recorded by Omnic Series 8.1.74 micro spectrometer manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Raman
spectroscopy is kind of scattering technique, sample is beaming by a monochromatic laser, which interacts with the
originates scattered light and sample molecules. Raman spectrum arises due to the inelastic collision between
incident samples solution molecules and monochromatic radiation. This method is adopted for quantitative, which
performed to identify the sample while for qualitative analysis, which performed to appraise analyte concentration of
samples solution (Brumbrah & Sharma, 2016).

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Mass Loss Analysis

Mass loss analysis method is the longest established and simplest in estimating corrosion rate (Zou et al.,
2011). The performances of percentage mass loss of carbon steel coupons immersion for both organic solvents, (i.e.
NMP and MeOH) mixed into MEA hybrid solutions with full replacement of water or with partial replacement of
water over interval periods of time have been studied. The linear of each solution increased in percentage mass loss
as time passing. Upon retrieval coupons that immersed in five solutions are shown in Figure 1, including solutions
MEA + H2O, MEA + NMP +H2O, MEA + MeOH + H2O, MEA + NMP and also MEA + MeOH have the highest
percentage mass losses by 2.03%, 1.92%, 0.18%, 1.79% and 0.13% in 28 days. On the contrary, coupons immersed
in five same solutions have the lowest percentage mass losses by 1.68%, 1.66%, 0.12%, 1.61% and 0.10% in first 7
days. As the propensity of the results, and percentage mass losses are corresponding to corrosion rate based on the
equation (1), Figure 2 indicates that the corrosion rate of coupons are directly proportional to the interval immersion
time regardless type of the solutions. Moreover, known from the Figure 1, the carbon steel coupons have lower
percentage mass losses performance as well as corrosion rate; after immersed in each of MeOH hybrid solvent
solution than immersed in each of NMP hybrid solvent solution for every interval period of time.

2.50%

2.00%
Weight Loss (%)

1.50%
MEA + MeOH
MEA + MeOH + H2O
MEA + H20
1.00%
MEA + NMP + H20
MEA + NMP

0.50%

0.00%
7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days
Immersion Time

Figure 1: Comparison plot of percentage mass losses carbon steel coupons immersed in NMP hybrid solvent
solutions and MeOH hybrid solvent solutions versus time.

3.00

2.50

2.00
Cprrosion Rate (MPY)

MEA + MeOH

1.50 MEA + MeOH + H2O

MEA + H20

MEA + NMP + H20

1.00
MEA + NMP

0.50

0.00
7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days
Immersion Time

Figure 2: Comparison plot of corrosion rate carbon steel coupons immersed in NMP hybrid solvent solutions and
MeOH hybrid solvent solutions versus time.
3.2 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis

The surfaces of carbon steels were examined by using technique FESEM at end of the experiment in order
to access the effects of corrosion on steels surfaces morphologies after immersed in different kind solutions.
Technique of FESEM can be used for surface scanning however it does not give any composition details about the
surface. Figure 3 shows the morphologies of carbon steel coupons that immersed in five different types solution
respectively. Different surface morphologies may induce by corrosion, which can be evaluated as expressive of
varying mechanism corrosion. Figure 3 (a) shows field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image of
carbon steel surface, which was immersed in MEA + H2O. Based on the image, few black dots are spotted on the
exfoliation surface. Gerhardus et al., 2016 pointed that pitting corrosion is confined to a small area or dot, thus the
black dots found on the coupon steel surface in this case can be recognized as features in begin of pitting corrosion.
Pitting corrosion is kind of localized form, which the holes will produce on surface of metal while their corrosion
products generally cover the pit as in Figure 3 (a), it should not ruled out that there may have more pits being
covered on the surface of carbon steel. The carbon steel coupon immersed in MEA + H2O without mixing any
hybrid organic solvent has highest mass loss among others, led it as highest corrosion potential. Although the
experimental of temperature studies had conducted under closed system, however participation of limited quantity of
oxygen is still to be considered in this case. In the case of O2 diffusivity in MEA + H2O solution for carbon steel
coupon, there are several diffusion paths of oxygen to be deduced shows in the Equation (2) to (11) (U.S Naval
Research Laboratory, 1962) may occur for the reactions. From the equation (2) to (4), FeOOH is final formation of
MEA and oxygen in contact with coupon; the reactions of steel and MEA are presented in equation (5) to (9) yet
Fe2O3 to be produced. In equation (10) to (11) displayed the reaction of steel and water with oxygen, produce Fe
(OH) 3. According to Evan and King, 1961indicated that FeOOH, Fe (OH) 2, Fe2O3 & Fe (OH) 3 are kind of the
corrosion products, right relevant to the scaly film that seen in Figure 3 (a). However, the product of FeOOH
basically generated in early stage of process of corrosion, which could convert to Fe 2O3, according to a study by
Yamashita, 1994, it stated that the FeOOH is considered as a protection because of the protective film will stop the
corrosion. However, this component is slightly soluble in water (Zeng et al., 2012). Therefore, the film may
deteriorate due to defects by dissolution; hence the protective film could not act as protective role permanently, the
corrosion process continues when the protective film is dissolved.

Reaction of steel and MEA with oxygen:

H2N CH2 CH2 OH + O2 H2N CH2 C=OOH (glycine) Eq (2)

H2N CH2 C=OOH + O2 HO CH2 C=OOH (oxalic acid) + H2O + N2 Eq (3)

Fe + HO CH2 C=OOH FeOOH + HO CH2 C Eq (4)

Reaction steel and MEA with water:

HO C2H4 NH2 + H2O HO C2H4 NH3 + + OH- Eq (5)

Fe Fe2+ + 2e- Eq (6)

Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe (OH) 2 Eq (7)

Fe (OH) 2 + OH- FeOOH + H2O + e- Eq (8)

2FeOOH Fe2O3 H2O Eq (9)

Reaction of steel and water with oxygen:

2Fe + O2 + 2H2O 2Fe (OH) 2 Eq (10)

 2Fe (OH) 2 + 1/2O2 + 2H2O 2Fe (OH) 3 Eq (11)

(U.S Naval Research Laboratory 1962)

Two phases structure of natural origin of carbon steel which considered as ferrite (F white) and pearlite (P
dark) (Savran et al., 2007) mixture with different elemental volume fraction or outcome of oxidation immersed in
MEA + NMP + H2O solution are shown in Figure 7 (b). Furthermore, there is also black dot spotted on the surface
of carbon steel as well. By adding hybrid solvent NMP into MEA and H2O in contact with O2 for carbon steel
coupons, only reactions of MEA with H2O or O2 for steel to be deduced as in equation (2) to (4) since there is only
physical reaction in between NMP and mixture, and NMP also does not react with most of metals, including steels.

Kangsberg, B and Kanegsberg, E. (2011) pointed that there is a type of solvent based cleaning solution,
which known as resist stripper, it is actually comprised of the proprietary mixtures of active ingredients and organic
solvents. The organic solvents are typically NMP due to it is neutral and soluble in aqueous solution. Furthermore,
active ingredients participate in the solution is typically amines. This kind of amine based strippers are generally
applied on etching processes in industry, it is able to break the hydrous oxide layer, i.e. FeOOH into minute
particles, evolved it to remove the organic contaminant residues during the cleaning process (Microtech System Inc,
2007). Therefore, the mixture of MEA + NMP + H2O in Figure 7 (b) can be recognized as cleaning solution for
chemical treatment, however, carbon steel immersed in this solution did not conduct under rinse bath which can
break the layer and clean the residue evenly cause the smaller anode compared with cathode. From the standpoint of
pitting corrosion to happen, the favorable ratio is small anode area surrounding large cathode area Gerhardus et al.,
2016 so that this can be explained the reason of the protective layer on carbon steel surface somehow aggravates by
corrosion.

Figure 2 illustrates the corrosion rate of carbon steel immersed in MEA + NMP is slightly lower than the
one immersed in MEA + NMP + H2O. Figure 7 (c) shows something knurl or ridge texture but incomplete layer of
film and also the natural origin of carbon steel as ferrite and pearlite. The only difference between of these solutions
was the presence of water. The majority of corrosion is concern about wet corrosion due to the presence of water on
surface of metal even if it may with very little moisture will also allows the happen for electrochemical reactions.
Therefore, the carbon steel immersed in MEA + NMP solution could preclude the possibility in interaction with
water even it still contacted with oxygen; the mechanism reaction in equation (2) to (4) can be deduced. Although
the layer of FeOOH still performed on the surface of coupon and may cause different ratio of cathodic and anodic
area, since there are limited oxygen in closed system, it is unable to prolong the degradation of carbon steel.

Moreover, the morphology surface of carbon steel that immersed in solution MEA + MeOH + H 2O has
shown in Figure 7 (d) the one immersed in solution MEA + MeOH has shown in Figure 7 (e). No significant trace of
pit to be observed, but the natural origin structures of carbon steels, which are ferrite and pearlite.

Both of these solutions are discussed together to make a comparison in order to perceive their analogous
behaviors. A study found that when methanol chains in solution interacted with water molecule clusters in varies
sizes, enable bending of the chains into stable saturated ring structures. Basically, to the water molecules that formed
cluster structures, the bonds of hydrogen are aiding as glue to hold these molecule clusters together. These
hydrogen bonds yet break and reform rapidly so free water molecules will present in liquid water at any moment
(Guo et al., 2003). For the MEA + MeOH + H2O solution, due to the hydrogen bonded clusters interacted with
methanol chains instead, lesser or no any free-swimming water molecules are present as resulted (Guo et al., 2003),
thus reduced the interaction between H2O and carbon steel coupon as well as decreased the possibility or severity
of aqueous corrosion occur on the carbon steel.

Rakanta et al., 2013 found out methylation of MEA and methanol only occurred under temperature as 230
o
C, but there was only physical reaction happened at room temperature as in this situation. Nevertheless, by mixing
the hybrid solvent MeOH into MEA and H2O in contact with O2 for carbon steel coupons, reaction of MEA with O2
or water and reaction of water with oxygen for steels also can be deduced like the equation (2) to (11). However, a
study has indicated an evidence for inhibitive characteristics of methanol, where it showed the methanol is likely a
kind of surface reagent that behaved in inhibit the anodic reaction. Certain quantities of methanol were found the
most effective for general corrosion of carbon steel inhibiting, which about 25% to <80% content of methanol
presence under sweet environment (Lara and Nel, 2010). Moreover, according to Ituen, E., & Umoren, I.S., (2017),
told that the polarity solvent as in methanol generally are selected mix into organic solution in order to promote
miscibility and also to increase corrosion inhibition effectiveness. In fact, the phenomena of increasing effectiveness
of corrosion inhibition in methanol mixture solution may explain as in term of higher electron atom of N and O, due
to the carbon steel as metal has lower electron affinity, in this case, lesser electrochemical reaction occur in between
of methanol and metal (Hajeet et al., 2016). MeOH also exhibiting as an adsorber sometimes, build up a protective
film in order provide the barrier to the dissolution of the carbon steel, showing good inhibition efficiency and also
low experimental risk (Kuznetsov et al, 1996).

Figure 3 (f) shows the undipped pure carbon steel coupon morphology. The natural origin structures of two
phases mentioned as above which ferrite and pearlite are to be captured. It is clearly proved from the literature
(Savran et al., 2007) as well as the explanation of these works.

Overall, by adding both organic solvents NMP and MeOH in solution have showed the positive impacts on
corrosion mitigation, yet addition of hybrid solvent MeOH in solution could give a stronger protection when reacted
with carbon steel coupon due to its properties behaviors that can be defined.

a) b)

c) d)
 e) f)
Figure 3: Magnification 2000x field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image carbon steel coupons,
(a) as morphology surface coupon immersed in MEA + H2O solution, (b) as morphology surface coupon immersed
in MEA + NMP + H2O solution, (c) as morphology surface coupon immersed in MEA + NMP, (d) as morphology
surface coupon immersed in MEA + MeOH + H2O solution, (e) as morphology surface coupon immersed in MEA +
MeOH solution and (f) as morphology of undipped fresh coupon.

3.3 Energy Dispersive X ray And Raman Spectroscopy Analysis

By adopting the technique of EDX for the data analysis, its survey spectra are used to determine which
elements are present on the surface of carbon steel coupon after exposure in five different type of both organic
solvents solution. Figure 4 reveals the characteristic peaks of certain elements are constituted on the coupons. In
Figure of 4 (a), peaks of main elementals of iron (Fe), oxygen (O), carbon (C) are only detected but without any
others. Figure 4 (b), (c), (d) and (e), composed of higher purity elemental of iron (Fe), oxygen (O), carbon (C) are
detected although there are still other peaks of elements to be seen, therefore, only these elements to be considered in
this case. In The feature of homogeneity in each surface carbon steels to be confirmed due to the association of
oxygen in all solutions. Also, by using EDX technique in identifying possible elements is limited due to it is not able
to detect the presence of hydroxide. In this work, hydrous ferrous oxide includes FeOOH, Fe (OH) 2, Fe2O3 & Fe
(OH) 3 may probably found in all the coupon steels due to EDX results still shows the similar mapping of elemental
as well.

a)
b)

c)

d)
 e)

Figure 4: Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra, for the
carbon steels immersed in the five types solution respectively. Figure 8 (a) as EDX results of surface coupon
immersed in MEA + H2O solution, (b) surface coupon immersed in MEA + NMP + H2O solution, (c) as surface
coupon immersed in MEA + NMP, (d) as surface coupon immersed in MEA + MeOH + H2O solution, (e) surface
coupon immersed in MEA + MeOH solution.

3.4 Raman Spectroscopy Analysis

Figure 5 illustrates Raman spectra results in wave number region of 400 3500 cm-1 for both organic
solvents of five different type solutions which regard to before and after carbon steel coupons dipped in. All the
solution compounds are identified via comparison the reference spectra with the observed spectra. Figure 5 (a)
displays Raman spectra of before and after carbon steels dipped in mixture of MEA + H2O solution, (b) MEA +
NMP + H2O, (c) MEA + NMP, (d) MEA + MeOH and (e) MEA + MeOH + H2O. There is no other particular
significant peak of the characteristic band can be distinguish of those solutions in each term, which clearly imply
that no other product formed from the mixing solution even though after dipped with carbon steel.

a)
b)

c)
 d)

e)

Figure 5: Raman scattering result of five different solutions with wavelength fitting range of Raman spectrums for
400 3500 cm-1. Figure 9 (a) is as MEA + H2O solutions, (b) as MEA + MeOH + H2O solutions, (c) as MEA + H2O
solutions, (d) as MEA + NMP + H2O solutions and (e) as MEA + NMP solutions; which dipped and undipped with
carbon steels.
 IV. CONCLUSION

In this study the corrosion behavior effect of different types hybrid solvent solutions on carbon steel
coupons at each interval periods was investigated. The mass loss data were determined by mass loss analysis method
in presence and absence of different hybrid solvent, NMP or methanol, which allowed in determination the
efficiencies of inhibitive action in surface coverage. Based on results of percentage mass losses of carbon steel
coupons immersed in MEA aqueous solution, MEA partial aqueous replacement solution and MEA fully aqueous
replacement of associated with both hybrid solvent at room temperature, the mass losses increased gradually as time
passing on. This is because the coupons had sufficient time for enhancing the depletion or corrosion activity occurs
upon the carbon steels. Carbon steel coupon, which immersed in MEA + H2O solution has highest corrosion rate
among the others solution and MEA + MeOH solution has lowest corrosion rate in this case.

In general, the most possible corrosion products have formed after these electrochemical reactions, which
are included as: FeOOH, Fe (OH) 2, Fe2O3 & Fe (OH) 3. FeOOH generated in early stage of the process, after period
of time, it may evolve to the form like Fe2O or Fe3O4, which the experimental techniques of FESEM, EDX and
Raman spectroscopy analysis have provided reliable results to consolidate the corrosion rate as well
as the corrosion behavior of both organic solvents. These corrosion products could behave as protective
film in inhibits the continuously corroding of carbon steel, yet, severe the corrosion of steel could be very extreme if
breaking down of the protective film.

In the presence of water in MEA methanol solution, forming of stable saturated open ring would reduce the
interaction of water and carbon steels, hence decrease the possibility arising of the aqueous corrosion. Otherwise,
under the condition of MEA methanol solution that without water has better corrosion inhibition performance than
NMP as well due to the methanol solution has release higher electron atom of N and O, enable the lesser
electrochemical reaction may take place with the lower electron affinity carbon steel. Therefore, it is designated as
good adsorber upon carbon steel that can contribute additional protection for it.

V. ACKNOWLEGEMENT

This study was supported through from UTM@MJIT University Research Department, UTP University CO2
Research Centre. Research was carried out at UCSI University Laboratory. The author thanks Dr. Tan Lian See for
her assistance.

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