Crisis Conflict

Definition A crisis is defined as an event that by its Frequently relates to problems with a
nature or its consequences: choice between two conflicting moral
constitutes a threat to vital national values, each of which seems to be correct
interests or to the essential needs of
the population;
prompts rapid decision making;
demands coordination between
different departments and
organisations
Common features The situation materialises Interpersonal conflict requires at least two
unexpectedly people.
Decisions are required urgently Conflict inherently involves some sense of
Time is short struggle or incompatibility or perceived
Specific threats are identified difference among values, goals, or desires.
Urgent demands for information are Action, whether overt or covert, is key to
received interpersonal conflict. Until action or
There is sense of loss of control expression occurs, conflict is latent,
Pressures build over time lurking below the surface.
Routine business become increasingly
difficult
Demands are made to identify
someone to blame
Outsiders take an unaccustomed
interest
Reputation suffers
Communications are increasingly
difficult to manage
Example Financial crisis Corruption
Technological crisis Bribery
Natural crisis Conflict of interest
Crisis of Deception Whistleblowing
Plagiarism
 Corruption Bribery
Definition Giving or obtaining advantage through One of the many gray areas of engineering
means which are illegitimate, immoral, and ethics:
inconsistent with ones duty or the rights of -The acceptance of gifts from vendors
others. -The offering of gifts to customer to secure
The misuse of entrusted power for private business
gain.
Behaviourthat deviates from the formal
rule, regarding motives such as wealth,
power or status.
Perversion or destruction of integrity in the
discharge of public duties by bribery or
favour.
Example Political corruption Offered to someone in position of trust in
Police corruption order to induce him to act dishonestly
Judicial corruption Something, such as money or favour
Something offered to influence or persuade
Causes Absolute authority Wide gap between demand and supply of
Ineffective and overburdened legal system government services
Ineffective anti-corruption mechanisms Lower salaries of government officials
Inadequate enforcement Lack of performance linked pay in
Lack of employment government system
Privatization, Liberalization and Lack of adequate punishment system for
Globalization inefficient and corrupt officials
Diminishing values in the society The willingness of citizens to pay bribe for
Lack of awareness expediting their work
Lack of effective management Collusions of citizens and government officials
Low literacy rate to obtain illegal benefits or permission from
Lack of effective political leadership government officials
Backwardness and poverty Inadequate anti-corruption machinery to
Authority and power in wrong hands investigate and prosecute corrupt officials
Slow justice delivery system in Courts
Use of black money by political parties during
campaigning
Social acceptance of corrupt public servants in
the country
Effects Lack of quality in services Bribery corrupts our free-market economic
Lack of proper justice system and is anticompetitive
Chances of Unemployment Bribery does not reward the most efficient
Poor Health and hygiene producer
Pollution Bribery is sell out to the rich
Accidents Bribery corrupts justice and public policy by
Failure of genuine research allowing rich people to make all the rules
Bribery treats people as commodities that can
be bought and sold
Roles Of Engineer

Research - explore, discover and apply new principles

Development - transform ideas or concepts into production processes
Design - link the generation of ideas and the production
Production and testing - manufacture and assemble components or products
Sales - market engineering products
Operations - maintain equipment and facilities
Management optimize the use of resources (equipment, labour, finances)
Education - teach engineering principles in university and industrial settings
Consulting - provide specialized engineering services the clients. May work alone or
in partnership other engineers.
Construction - prior to construction organizes bids, during construction supervises
certain components of process

IEM
Definition IEM is learning organization
for engineers. In order to get
privileges from IEM, an
engineer need to register to
be member first and there are
a lot of membership types.
Engineers need to register to
be graduate member to start
getting privileges in term of
trainings, industry exposure,
etc. Differ from BEM, IEM
recognize experience from
the graduation date.
BEM
Engineers practicing
(Malaysia) engineering must
register with Board of
Engineers, Malaysia (BEM)
in order to acknowledge their
experience when certifying
the engineers to be
professional engineer. The
number or years
acknowledged by BEM is the
year started from the date
registered with them.

Problem Solving Technique:

1. Enquiries
a. Normative
What are the moral issues here?
i. What is acceptable behavior/practice?
1. E.g. bribes, cheating on assignments
ii. What behavior would normally be expected?
1. E.g. do not accept bribes, cheat, etc.
b. Conceptual
Defining terms, concepts
i. What is the meaning or applicability of an idea?
1. E.g. what constitutes a bribe vs a gift?
ii. Defining terms such as bribes & gifts.
1. E.g. what does proprietary really mean?
 c. Factual
What is known about the case?
i. Factual issues
1. E.g. was the gift offered or requested?
ii. Was it accepted?
iii. What is its true value?
iv. Simple comprehensive statement of the facts. (sometimes, simple is
complex)
2. Line Drawing
a. Useful for situations in which
i. The applicable moral principles are clear
ii. But there seems to be gray area about which ethical principle applied
b. To determine:
i. Whether the problem is more like the positive or negative paradigm
ii. Whether it is acceptable or unacceptable

1. Positive extreme: do not look at the previous report at all

2. Negative extreme: copy the previous report, put your name on it and
hand it in as your own.
3. Use the same topic, but re-do all the research
4. Use the same topic and use the previous report as a cited reference
5. Use the same general ideas from the previous reports, but dont
bother citing
6. Use the same topic and cited references as the previous report
without credit
7. Read the report only to get an idea of the format and detail required
8. Use the same topic and cited references as the previous report but
acknowledge
3. Flow Charting
a. Provides a visual picture of a situation and helps one establishes sequences,
identify moral issues and consequences of actions.
b. A very logical way to dissect a problem and to understand all of the
consequences
c. A very visual way to observe possibilities
The key to effective use:
o To be creative in determining possible outcomes and scenarios
o Not to be shy about getting a negative answer and deciding to stop the project
Advantages of the technique:
o Gives a visual picture of a situation
o Allows you to readily view the sequences that flow from each decision