Voice QoS

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 Voice QoS
What problem does it solve?
Predictability for Voice traffic
Jitter vs Delay
Voice = UDP
Must try to minimize excessive Loss, Delay,
and Jitter

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 Delay The Nemesis of Voice
Delay comes in two basic types:
Fixed Delay
Variable Delay
Fixed Delay, cant modify.
Variable Delay
Some types cannot be modified
Some types can be affected/minimized by QoS

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 Fixed Delay
Coder delay
Packetization Delay
Serialization Delay

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 Variable Delay
Output Queuing Delay
Happens BEFORE serialization delay
QoS can help with this.
Most platforms have multiple queues per
interface.
Packets of different priorities placed into different
queues.
Servicing of queues can be configurable with QoS.
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 QoS Models
Best Effort Delivery
Integrated Services
Differentiated Services

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 Best Effort / Integrated Services
Best Effort = All traffic treated the same.
Integrated Services
Utilizes RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)
Source application sends RSVP requests trying to
open a path all the way to the destination with
required QoS parameters.
Each device along path must support RSVP
Source is signaled with a confirmation from every
device before it can use end-to-end QoS path.
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 Differentiated Services
Differentiated Services
Per-Hop behavior
Each device (router or multilayer switch)
simply uses flags in frame/packet headers to
make its own, independent QoS decision.
Tagging Priority

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 Tagging Priority at Layer-2
Normal Ethernet frames have no Priority field.
Must be tagged with 802.1q/.1p headers.

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 Type of Service Byte

Ver IHL Type of Service Total Length

Identification Flags Fragment Offset
Time To Live Protocol Header Checksum
Source IP Address
Destination IP Address
IP Options (if any)

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 Interpreting the ToS Byte

Type of Service with IP Precedence

P2 P1 P0 T3 T2 T1 T0 Zero

Ver IHL Type of Service Total Length

Type of Service with DSCP
Identification Flags Fragment Offset
DS5To Live
Time DS4 DS3 DS2
Protocol DS1 DS0 ECN1
Header ECN0
Checksum
Class Selector Source
Drop IP Address
Precedence
Destination IP Address
IP Options (if any)
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 IP Precedence Codenames
Type of Service with IP Precedence
P2 P1 P0 T3 T2 T1 T0 Zero
000 = Routine
001 = Priority
010 = Immediate
011 = Flash
100 = Flash Override
101 = Critical
110 = Internetwork Control
111 = Network Control

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 Assured Forwarding
Type of Service with DSCP

0
DS5 1
DS4 0
DS3 0
DS2 0
DS1 0
DS0 ECN1 ECN0

Class Selector Drop Precedence

Class Selector 2 = IP Precedence 2

Each Class Selector has three (optional) Assured
Forwarding (AF) sub-categories
AF42 = 100 10 0 00
Class DS2/DS1 DS0 ECN
Selector Always Zero
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 Expedited Forwarding
Type of Service with DSCP
DS5 DS4 DS3 DS2 DS1 DS0 ECN1 ECN0

Class Selector Drop Precedence

Expedited Forwarding = AF 46
Default DSCP value for Voice traffic

AF46 = 100 11 0 00
Class DS2/DS1 DS0 ECN
Selector Always Zero
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 QoS Trust Boundary
Switch/Router default behavior = No QoS (best
effort)
Switches:
When QoS enabled globally, L2/L3 QoS Markings on
incoming frames rewritten to zero (untrusted).
Trust Boundary = set of equipment at the edge of
the enterprise network where initial decision is
made to trust incoming QoS markings (or not).
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 Implementing QoS in MLS
Enabling QoS on MLS
Sw1(config)# mls qos
Configuring QoS trust in the interface
Sw1(config-if)# mls qos trust <CoS | IPP | DSCP>
Configuring QoS trust for Cisco IP phone
Sw1(config-if)# mls qos trust device cisco-phone
Trusting 802.1p settings
Sw1(config-if)# switchport priority extend {cos <value> |
trust}
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 Switchport Priority Extend
Switchport priority extend trust Switchport priority extend cos 4

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 AutoQoS
AutoQoS = Macro with pre-defined, common QoS
commands.
Should be done when switch is in default QoS state.
Enables QoS
Sets CoS-to-DSCP mappings for QoS marking
Configures Ingress and egress queue tuning
Establishes Strict priority queues for egress voice traffic
Establishes an interface QoS trust boundary
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 AutoQos Configuration
(config-if)#auto qos voip {cisco-phone | cisco-softphone | trust}

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 Verifying QoS
Sw1# show mls qos interface <interface>
Sw1# show interface <interface> switchport

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