Infotech Development Systems Colleges (IDSC)

Senior High School Department

Natera Cor. P. Timog Sts. Dunao Ligao City

Maricel M Paraiso HUMSS 11-B December 5 2017

Output #05:

Different Symbols in Different Religions

Religions is not only measured by your faiths and your beliefs, it is also
measured tour personality being a person. As Ive learned in our discussion, religion
also involved sociology, by the means of this you can know what is the feeling or
attitude of one person, you can already know his or her mood. Religion also has a
different symbols to represent their different kind of beliefs and to recognize what
religions their belong that symbols that they are using, they also believed that, that is
powerful and has a meaning related to their religion. As a Christian Catholic the symbol
that our using to represent our religion is cross. Many people believed in god but they
are not believed that god is existing. For me my own symbol in life is umbrella, umbrella
because as we all know umbrella is the thing that can protect us from rain or shine and
whatever comes umbrella is strong to fight against that, like me whatever problems that
can comes in my life I can fight and handle that unlike other people if they cannot
handle the pain they commit suicide because they believed that suicide is the way to
relived their pain their suffering and experiencing, but once you commit suicide, I dont
think so that you can enter in gods home, because you ended up your life without gods
permission, and that is one of the mortal sin because god gives your life and only god
can retrieve that life. So live life to the fullest
 Court Dimensions

The game is played on a volleyball court 18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters (29.5 feet) wide, divided into two
9 m 9 m halves by a one-meter (40-inch) wide net placed so that the top of the net is 2.43 meters (7 feet 11
5/8 inches) above the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches) for women's
competition (these heights are varied for veterans and junior competitions).

HISTORY:
On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (United States), William G. Morgan,
a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called Mintonette as a pastime to be
played (preferably) indoors and by any number of players. The game took some of its characteristics
from tennisand handball. Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been
invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four
years before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older
members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.
The first rules, written down by William G Morgan, called for a net 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) high, a 25 ft
50 ft (7.6 m 15.2 m) court, and any number of players. A match was composed of nine innings
with three serves for each team in each inning, and no limit to the number of ball contacts for each
team before sending the ball to the opponents' court. In case of a serving error, a second try was
allowed. Hitting the ball into the net was considered a foul (with loss of the point or a side-out)
except in the case of the first-try serve.
After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition
match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School (now called Springfield College),
the game quickly became known as volleyball (it was originally spelled as two words: "volley ball").
Volleyball rules were slightly modified by the International YMCA Training School and the game
spread around the country to various YMCAs
Technical and Tactical Skills
A coach has the responsibility of patiently and systematically explaining and drilling the athletes on the
basic skills that make up the game. These skills, called technical skills, are the fundamentals that provide
each player with the tools to execute the physical requirements of the game. Each day at practice, you
must also create situations on the court in which players need to use their technical skills in a gamelike
situation, forcing them to make decisions that simulate the applications of the skills and the choices they
will have to make in a game. These skills, called tactical skills, are the bridge between practice
performance and game performance. Although the proper execution of technical skills is necessary for
success, the ability of athletes to make appropriate decisions, known as tactical skills, is the key to having
everything come together when it countsin the actual game.
Obviously, other types of skills, such as pure physical capacity, mental skills, communication ability, and
character traits, all contribute to athletic performance (Rainer Martens, Successful Coaching, Third
Edition, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2004, p. 186-188). Although all these skills are important,
effective teaching of the technical and tactical skills of the game still provides the foundation for
successful volleyball coaching.
This book focuses on the essential basic to intermediate technical and tactical skills in volleyball. The goal
is to provide a resource that will help you improve your understanding and instructional methods as you
strive to teach your players this exciting sport.
Technical Skills
Technical skills are defined as the specific procedures to move ones body to perform the task that needs
to be accomplished (Martens, Successful Coaching, p. 169). The proper execution of the technical skills
in volleyball is, obviously, crucial to successful performance. Most coaches, even those with little
experience, know what the basic technical skills of volleyball are: serving, passing, setting, attacking,
blocking, and digging. But the ability to teach athletes how to perform those skills usually develops only
over a long period, as a coach gains knowledge and experience.
The goal of this book is to speed up the timetable of teaching skills, improving your ability to

clearly communicate the basic elements of each skill to the athletes,

construct drills and teaching situations to rehearse those skills in practice,
detect and correct errors in the athletes performance of skills, and
help athletes transfer knowledge and ability from practice into games.

Effective coaches have the capacity to transfer their knowledge and understanding of skills into improved
performance of those skills by their athletes. This book outlines a plan that will help you do just that by
teaching you how to become a master of the basic to intermediate technical skills of volleyball and
assisting you in providing your athletes with the resources necessary for success.
 Tactical Skills
Mastery of the technical skills of volleyball is important, but athletes must also learn the tactics of the
game. Tactical skills are defined as the decisions and actions of players in the contest to gain an
advantage over the opposing team or players (Martens, Successful Coaching, p. 170). Basic volleyball
resources might focus on the technical skills of the game and may overlook the tactical aspects. Coaches
even omit tactical considerations from practice because they focus so intently on teaching technical skills.
For volleyball players to develop better as overall players, they need to learn techniques and tactics
together. One way you can approach tactical skills is by focusing on three critical aspects, the tactical
triangle:*

Reading the play or situation

Acquiring the knowledge needed to make an appropriate tactical decision
Applying correct decision-making skills to the problems at the correct time

This book as a whole provides you with the knowledge you need in order to teach players how to use the
tactical triangle. Part III covers important cues that help athletes respond appropriately when they see a
play developing, including important rules, game strategies, and opponents strengths and weaknesses
that affect game situations, as well as ways to teach athletes how to acquire and use this knowledge. Part
III will also help you teach athletes how to make appropriate choices in a given situation and show you
how to empower players to recognize emerging situations on their own and make sound judgments.
Perhaps the greatest frustration for a coach is to witness athletes making errors in games on skills they
have repeatedly done well in practice. For example, an attacker can successfully hit the ball hard and
down into the opposing teams court in practice, but in a game situation when a ball is set to her in a less
than perfect manner or she is in front of two strong blockers, she is not able to hit the ball past the
blockers. The transfer of skills from practice to the game can be difficult, but you can reduce errors by
placing the athletes in gamelike situations in practice to work on tactical skill decisions. Only after
rehearsing the tactical decision repeatedly in practice will the athletes be prepared to execute those
decisions (while maintaining their execution of the related technical skills) in the game.

The Ball
The standard volleyball is made of leather or synthetic leather, weighs between 9 and 10 ounces
and has a circumference of 25.6 to 26.4 inches. The ball has a rubber bladder and can be one color
or a combination of colors. Synthetic leather is lighter and is fine for beginner players. Junior
volleyballs for children 12 years old and younger weigh between 7 and 8 ounces.

The Net and Court

The outdoor volleyball court measures 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone that is 2 meters wide on
all sides. The minimum playing space for U.S. volleyball competitions is 7 meters. The volleyball net
is 32 feet long by 3 feet wide. For women, the net should be 7 feet, 4 1/8 inches high. For men, the
net should be 7 feet, 11 5/8 inches high. U.S. regulation volleyball playing surfaces must be flat and
not present any hazards to the players.

Lines
The playing court is marked by two sidelines and two end lines. All lines must be 2 inches wide and
must be created with a light color that is easy to discern from the playing court. An attack line should
be placed three meters from the center line. The center line divides the court into two 9 x 9 meter
courts.

Posts and Cables

The volleyball net structure is held together with metal cables and posts. Posts are placed 0.5 to 1.0
meter outside the sidelines and 2.55 meters high. Posts should be round, smooth and padded, to
prevent injury to the players should they dive or crash into them. Metal wires and cables may need to
be covered if it is determined that they present a danger to the players.

Antenna and Side Bands

Antenna are flexible rods that are 1.8 meters long made of fiberglass, fastened at the outer edge of
each side band. Side bands are two white bands attached vertically to the net and placed above
each sideline.

Knee pads
Knee pads should be sturdy enough to protect your knees from falls, slides and dives, but flexible
enough to allow you to bend comfortably. Your volleyball knee pads must be made of fabric that
breathes and manages moisture. Good quality pads have a gel or foam shock-absorbing material
that will cover and protect your patella. It is best to purchase your pads from a reliable sporting
goods store that will allow you to try them on. If you have difficulty finding the right fit, have the store
professional measure you and order custom-fit pads. Popular volleyball knee pad brands include
Asics, Mizuno, adidas, Nike and Mikasa.

Shoes
Arch and ankle support is key when choosing a volleyball shoe. Mizuno, Asics and Nike are just a
few of the popular brands of volleyball shoes, which are lightweight, allowing you to be faster on your
feet, as well as bearing good shock absorption on your toes. Volleyball shoes also provide for better
lateral movement than typical running or cross-training shoes.

Clothing and Jewelry

All clothing should be lightweight to allow maximum flexibility and breath-ability, as well as made of a
material that absorbs sweat and keeps skin dry. Spandex shorts are a good option, as they are
flexible, light and absorb odor. Socks, while not required, absorb sweat and prevent blisters. Jewelry
is not permitted in volleyball, with the exception of smooth wedding bands. Glasses must be worn
with a strap to keep them secure.
Basic Volleyball Rules

6 players on the floor at any one time - 3 in the front row and 3 in the back row
Maximum of 3 hits per side
Points are made on every serve for wining team of rally (rally-point scoring).
Player may not hit the ball twice in succession. (A block is not considered a hit.)
Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve.
A ball hitting a boundary line is in.
A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court, any of the
net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, the ceiling above a
non-playable area.
It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a players body.
It is illegal to catch, hold or throw the ball.
A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10-foot line.
After the serve, front-line players may switch positions at the net.
Matches are made up of sets; the number depends on level of play. 3-set matches
are 2 sets to 25 points and a third set to 15. Each set must be won by two points.
The winner is the first team to win 2 sets. 5-set matches are 4 sets to 25 points
and fifth set to 15. The team must win by 2 unless tournament rules dictate
otherwise. The winner is the first team to win three sets.

Basic Volleyball Rule Violations

Rule violations that result in a point for the opponent
 When serving, the player steps on or across the service line as while making
contact with the ball.
Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
Ball-handling errors. Contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting, carrying,
throwing, etc.)
Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.
When blocking a ball coming from the opponents court, its illegal to contact the
ball when reaching over the net if both your opponent has not used 3 contacts
AND they have a player there to make a play on the ball.
When attacking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball when
reaching over the net is a violation if the ball has not yet broken the vertical plane
of the net.
Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body is a violation. Exception: if
it is the hand or foot. In this case, the entire hand or entire foot must cross for it to
be a violation.
Serving out of rotation/order.
Back-row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the opponent) when, at
the moment of contact, the back-row player is near the net and has part of his/her
body above the top of the net. This is an illegal block.
Back-row player attacking a ball inside the front zone (the area inside the 3M/10-
foot line) when, at the moment of contact, the ball is completely above the net.
This is an illegal attack.

Basic Volleyball Court USA

Volleyball officials have a number of different responsibilities, and they must keep a
watchful eye on every point for the duration of the match. Two people form an officiating
team for each match, with one acting as the head referee who stands on the referee
stand, while the other is "down" referee assisting with monitoring substitutions and plays
at the net.

Step 1
Learn the rules and the nuances of the game, and pass a certification course to become
a recognized referee. The United States is broken up into a number of different member
regions of USA Volleyball, and each region is sanctioned to certify referees. Referees
typically have to pass written tests and receive the approval from the USA Volleyball
region chair and commissioner to become certified.

Step 2
Practice the hand signals and understand when to make them. Referees need to know
the signals for substitutions, illegal contact and fault. They also need to know how to
signal whether the ball landed in or out of play. Officials are expected to make the
correct call in a convincing matter almost immediately after each play ends.

Step 3
Maintain order throughout the match. Be in constant communication with your assistant
referee and the scorekeepers to make sure that both teams are following the rules
about substitutions and formations. Be open in communicating with the captains for
each team. Understand when is appropriate to give a yellow card for a penalty or a red
card for an expulsion.

Step 4
Start the game by marking down the lineup and rotation for each team, flipping a coin
with the captains to see which team serves first and signaling the game to begin by
blowing your whistle.