Professional Documents
Culture Documents
forms.
Eg.
her.
The future clause can contain going to or the
future perfect as well as will.
Eg. If I see him, Im going to tell him exactly
how angry I am.
If we dont get the contract, well have wasted
a lot of time and money.
Eg. If you go to New York, you must have Note that the If clause can contain the past simple
the cheesecake in Lindys. or the past continuous.
If he comes, you can get a lift home Eg. If I was still working in Delhi, I would commute
with him. by train.
Second conditional If she were coming, she would be here by
The Second Conditional is used to talk about now.
impossible situations. If they were thinking of selling, I would
Eg. If we were in London today, we would be want to buy.
able Note that the main clause can contain would could
to go to the concert Hyde Park. or might.
If I had millions dollars, Id give a lot to
charity.
If there were no hungry people in this
world,
it would be a much better place.
If everyone had clean water to drink,
there
would be a lot less disease.
Note that after I / he/ she /it we often use the
subjunctive form were and not was. (Some
people think that were is the only correct form
but other people think was is equally correct .)
Eg. If she were happy in her job, she
wouldnt be
looking for another one.
If I lived in Japan, Id have sushi every
day.
If they were to enter our market, wed
have
big problems.
Note the form If I were you which is often used to
give
advice.
Eg. If I were you, Id look for a new place to
live.
If I were you, Id go back to school and
get
more qualifications.
The Second Conditional is also used to talk
about unlikely situations.
Eg. If I went to China, Id visit the Great
Wall.
If I was the President, Id reduce taxes.
If you were in my position, youd
understand.
Note that the choice between the first and the
second conditional is often a question of the
speakers attitude rather than of facts.
Compare these examples.
Joy thinks these things are possible, Peter
doesnt. Joy If I win the lottery, Ill buy a big
house. Peter If I won the lottery, Id buy a
big house. Joy If I get promoted, Ill throw a
big party. Peter If I got promoted, Id throw
a big party.
Joy If my team win the Cup, Ill buy
champagne for everybody.
Peter If my team won the Cup, Id buy
champagne for everybody.
Eg. If I had the chance to do it again, I would Exercise
do it differently. Give suitable words to fill in:
If we met up for lunch, we could go to 1) If you like, you ----- for two days.
that new restaurant. 2) If I ------ the film in the cinema, I wouldnt
If I spoke to him directly, I might be able have watched it on TV again.
to persuade him. 3) If the parents bought the cat, their children ---
Also note that sometimes the if clause is implied - very happy.
rather than spoken. 4) Metal ------- if you heat it.
Eg. What would I do without you? (if you 5) He ------- my e-mail if hed been online
werent here) yesterday evening.
Where would I get one at this time of 6) Theyd have been able to return the
night? (if I wanted one) bottle if they------- the labels.
He wouldnt agree. (if I asked him) 7) If she -------- up her room, she must find
Third conditional the receipt.
8) What ------- if you had a million dollars.
We can use the Third Conditional to talk about
9) Where would you live if you------ younger.
impossible conditions, impossible because they are in
10) If you ------ for a little moment, Ill tell the
the past and we cannot change what has happened.
doctor you are here.
Eg. If I had worked harder at school, I would
Answers
have got better grades.
1.can stay 2. had seen 3. would be
If I had had time, I would have gone to
4.expands 5. should have received
see him. But I didnt have time.
6.hadnt torn off 7. tidies up 8.would you do
If we had bought that house, we would
9. were 10.will wait
have had to rebuild the kitchen.
If we had caught the earlier train, we
would have got there on time but we were late.
Notice that the main clause can contain would,
could or might.
Eg. If I had seen him at the meeting, I would
have asked him. (But he hasnt there so I
didnt.) If I had seen him at the meeting, I
could have asked him. ( But he wasnt
there so it wasnt possible.)
If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have
asked him. (But Im not sure. Perhaps if the
opportunity had arisen.)
If I had paid more attention in class, I
would have understood the lesson.
PRONOUNS Exercise
Fill in the blanks with which, who, whom and
A Pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. It whose.
refers to a person or thing without giving the name. 1. The boy, _____ father is a doctor, is my best friend.
There are two types of Personal Pronouns: 2. This is not something _____ we like to do.
(1) those used as subjects; and 3. That man, _____ left leg was amputated,
(2) those used as objects. suffers from diabetes.
Personal Pronouns 4. The thief, _____ they caught, was sent to the prison.
Singular Plural 5. Our friends, _____ we invited to the party,
Subject Object Subject Object arrived rather early.
Ist Person I Me We Us 6. The girl, _____ broke the mirror, was scolded
IInd Person You You You You by her mother.
IIIrd Person He Him They Them 7. That is my uncle, _____ car was stolen.
She Her They Them 8. That woman, _____ you saw, was my auntie.
It It They Them 9. Kangaroos, _____ use their pouch to carry
their ba-bies, are found in Australia.
Reflexive Pronouns 10. The policeman, ______ caught the thief, is a
We use the Reflexive Pronoun when the action of very brave man.
the doer goes back to himself so that the Subject Answer
of the sentence is the same person as the object. 1.whose 2.which 3.whose 4.whom 5.whom
Example: He has hurt himself. 6.who 7.whose 8.whom 9.which 10.who
Pronouns like himself are called Reflexive
Pronouns. They always end in self .
Reflexive Pronouns
Singular Plural
Ist Person Myself Ourselves
Ist Person Yourself Yourselves
Third Person Himself Themselves
Herself Themselves
Itself Themselves
Relative Pronouns
The Relative Pronouns take the place of Nouns
or Pro-nouns; and they are used to join two
sentences about the same person or thing.
Examples of relative pronouns: who, which,
that, whom and whose.
In most cases, we use who, whose and whom
to make statements about people.
We use who to join two sentences.
Example: The man is an artist. He drew that
picture. The man is an artist who drew that picture.
We use whose to show possession or rela-
tionship.
Example: That is my uncle whose son is my
cousin. We use which or that in almost the
same way as we use who but it refers to things,
not human beings. There is one other difference
in the way we use who and which.
Present Continuous Look! future meaning: when I'm going. I'm not going. Am I going?
you have already
ever happened or is have/has + past I have gone. I haven't gone. Have I gone?
Simple finished in the past
participle*
Present and it has a
Perfect already connection to the
*(infinitive + -ed) or
or present
so far, (3rd column of
Present
table of irregular
Perfect action started in the
up to now, verbs)
past and continues up He has gone. He hasn't gone. Has he gone?
to the present
since
for
recently
all day action began in the I have been I haven't been Have I been
past and has just working. working. working?
Present Perfect the whole day stopped He has been He hasn't been Has he been
Progressive or have/has + been + working. working. working?
infinitive + -ing
Present how long how long the action
or just put into Past Perfect, *(infinitive + -ed) or I had gone. I hadn't gone. Had I gone?
Past the othe r actio n in to (3rd column of
Future happened before a He'll have been He won't have been Will he have
Perfect certain time in the been
working. working.
Progressive or future will + have + been working?
Future + infinitive + ing
Will I have
Perfect I'll have been going. I won't have been been
Continuous emphasis: length of going.
time of an action working?
Conditional Perfect sth. that might have would + have + I would have I wouldn't have Would I have
happened in the past past participle* worked. worked. worked?
(It's too late now.)
*(infinitive + -ed) or He would have He wouldn't have Would he
main clause in type III (3rd column of worked. worked. have
of the if clauses table of irregular worked?
verbs)
gone. gone?
He would have He wouldn't have Would I have
gone. gone. gone?
Would I have
I would have been I wouldn't have
been
working. been working.
working?
Conditional Perfect sth. that might have
Would he
Progressive happened in the past He would He wouldn't have
would + have + have been
or (It's too late now.) have been going. been going.
been + infinitive + working?
Conditional
ing
Perfect emphasis: length of I would have been I wouldn't have Would I have
Continuous time of an action going. been going. been going?
Would he
He would have been He wouldn't have
have been
going. been going.
going?
General English
ON E WOR D SUBSTITUTION
For every competitive examination a few questions can be expected from One Word Substitution.
Moreover this section will certainly help you to increase your English vocabulary. The words included
here will help you to write and speak English precisely and effectively. Learning them will be a great asset in
life. In order to keep these words in your mind complement your study with extensive reading. One of the
practical methods is to study ten to fifteen words each day. If you make it a practice, with each passing day
there will be steady improvement in your knowledge.
In the first part of this section we have given you a list of over 600 words which are commonly asked in
One Word Substitution. In the second part we have collected some objective type questions for you to
practice with. They are followed by their answers. All these questions were asked for various examinations.
Learn all these words carefully. After learning each word try to use it in a sentence of your own. This method
will help you to stamp the word in your mind.
LIST - I
ABATTOIR : A place where animals are ARTISTE : Professional singer, dancer etc.
slaughtered. ATHEIST : A person who does not
ACCOMPLICE : A partner in crime. believe in the existence of God.
AESTHETE : A person with a highly AUTOCRACY : A government where the
developed sense of beauty. power is concentrated
AFFLUENT : Wealthy; having abundance of in the hands of one person.
money. AUTOPSY : Medical examination of a
AGORAPHOBIA : Unreasonable fear of open dead body.
spaces. BANKRUPT : A person who cannot pay
ALLEVIATE : To lessen, make less his debts.
severe. BARBARIAN : An uncivilised person.
ALTRUIST : One who does good work BARRICADE : Hastily erected barrier
for others without thought of across a street.
personal gain. BELLIGERENT : One who is engaged in
AMBIDEXTROUS : Able to use the left hand as fighting a battle or war.
well as the right. BIBLIOGRAPHY : A list of writings on a subject.
AMBIGUOUS : A word or statement which BIBLIOPHILE : One who loves books.
can be interpreted in two BIOGRAPHY : The story of a persons life.
ways. BLASPHEMOUS : One who is irreverent
ANACHRONISM : That which appears to be in towards God.
the wrong period. BREVITY : Briefness; shortness of
ANGLOPHILE : An admirer of the English time.
people, language, manners BREWERY : A place where beer is made.
or way of life. BUREAUCRACY : A government run by civil
ANGLOPHOBE : One who dislikes the servants.
English and England. CALLIGRAPHY : The art of beautiful hand
ARMISTICE : An agreement to stop writing.
fighting in a war. CARDIOLOGIST : A doctor specialising in
ARISTOCRACY : A government run by the rich matters relating to the heart.
and the elite people; a class CATHOLICITY : Broad outlook, free from
of well-born people. prejudice.
CELIBACY : The state of being DEBACLE : A sudden complete failure.
unmarried. DENOUEMENT : The last part of a play, book
CHARLATAN : One who deceives others etc. where all the
by claiming to be an expert. complications of the plot are
CIRCUMLOCUTION : A roundabout way of solved.
expression. DETERGENT : A cleaning agent, especially
CLAUSTROPHOBIA : A morbid fear of confined a synthetic substance.
spaces. DETERRENT : Something to discourage
COAGULATE : Change from liquid into people from doing wrong.
solid by chemical reaction. DILETTANTE : An admirer of the fine arts.
COLLOQUIAL : Suitable for ordinary DISARMAMENT : Reduction of weapons by
informal conversation. governments.
COMBUSTIBLE : That which can catch fire DISINFORMATION : False information spread
and burn easily. intentionally to spread
COMEDIAN : One who plays funny parts propaganda.
in plays or films. DOMICILE : A place where one lives
COMMODITY : An article of trade or permanently.
commerce. DRAGNET : A system of connected
COMPATRIOT : A person belonging to ones actions and methods for
own country. catching criminals.
COMPLEXION : The natural colour and DRUDGERY : Hard, uninteresting work.
appear- ance of skin. DUET : Song sung by two people
COMPULSORY : That which must be done. together.
CONDUCTOR : That which acts as a path for EBULLIENT : High-spirited, exuberant.
electricity, heat etc. EFFEMINATE : A man who has the qualities
CONNOISSEUR : A person who is competent of a woman.
to pass critical judgement ENCYCLOPAEDIA : A book giving information on
upon anything. all branches of knowledge.
CONSCRIPT : A person who is compelled ENTOMOLOGY : The scientific study of
by law to serve in the armed insects.
forces. EPIC : A long narrative poem.
CONSORTIUM : A combination of several EPILOGUE : Concluding part of a literary
businesses for a common work.
purpose. ERGONOMICS : The study of the efficiency of
CONTAGIOUS : That which spreads easily, people in their working
especially a disease. environment.
CONTRETEMPS : An unlucky event, an ERR : Make a mistake, do wrong.
unexpected set-back. ESTUARY : The wide mouth of a river.
CONTROVERSIAL : That which causes debate EVOLUTION : Gradual development from
or argument. simple life forms to complex
CONVENTION (2) : A formal assembly or ones.
conference of people of the EXCISE : Tax on goods produced and
same business to discuss
used in a country.
practices.
EXERTION : Making an effort; trying very
CORRIGENDUM : Something to be corrected
hard to do something.
in a printed book.
EXTEMPORE : A speech made without any
COUNTERFEIT : Copy something exactly in
previous thought or
order to deceive.
preparation.
COUP DTAT : Sudden overthrow of a
EXTERMINATE : To put an end to something by
government, especially by force.
killing.
CRUISE : A sea voyage for pleasure.
EXTROVERT : A person who is active, lively
CYGNET : A young swan.
and enjoys the company of
CYNIC : One who has little faith in
others.
human sincerity or honesty.
EXUBERANT : Lively, high-spirited. GERMICIDE : A medicine that kills germs.
FALLACY : A false idea or belief. GLACIER : A mass of ice moving very
FARCE : A light-hearted humorous slowly down a mountain
play with silly action. valley.
FASTIDIOUS : One who cannot be easily GLUT : A larger supply than
pleased. necessary.
FAVOURITISM : The practice of giving GRAFFITI : Rough drawing or writing on
favoured treatment to public walls.
certain people. GRAMINIVORE : An animal that eats grain.
FEBRILE : Of or caused by fever. GRATIS : Without payment, free of cost.
FEMINIST : A supporter of the cause of GUBERNATORIAL : Of a governor.
women. HALLUCINATION : Seeing something which is
FIANCE : A girl to whom a man is not actually present.
engaged to be married. HAVEN : A place of calm and safety.
FISSION : Splitting of the nucleus of an HEDONIST : One who lives for pleasure.
atom. HERBIVORE : A plant-eating animal.
FLOGGING : Severe beating with a whip. HISTRIONICS : Overreacting in a theatrical
FLUVIAL : Of, found in, or produced by manner.
rivers. HOLOCAUST : Great destruction and the
FOOLSCAP : A size of paper, also called loss of many lives; the mass
legal format. killing of Jews in World War
FOREMAN : A skilled worker in charge II.
of other workmen. HOLSTER : A leather holder for a pistol.
FOURTH ESTATE : Influential newspapers and HOMICIDE : The killing of one man by
journalists. another man.
FRANCOPHILE : An admirer of the French HOMONYM : A word which agrees with
people, language, manners another in pronun-ciation and
or way of life. perhaps also in spelling but is
FRANCOPHOBE : One who dislikes the different in meaning.
French and France. HONORARY : An office for which no salary
FRATRICIDE : The murder of ones brother. is paid.
FREIGHT : Goods carried by train, ship HOOLIGAN : A noisy rough person who
etc. causes trouble.
FUDDY-DUDDY : An elderly person who does HORTICULTURE : The art of garden cultivation.
not understand or approve HUB : The central part of a wheel.
of modern ideas. HYPERCRITICAL : Excessively critical.
FUMIGATE : To clear of disease, bacteria HYPOCHONDRIAC : One who has exaggerated
etc., by means of chemical anxiety about his health.
smoke. HYPOCRITICAL : Pretence of virtue or goodness;
GARAGE : A building in which saying one thing while thinking
motorcars are parked. another.
GARRULOUS : One who talks too much HYPOTHESIS : Supposition made as basis
about uninteresting things. for reasoning.
GASTRONOMY : The art and science of IDEALISM : Practice of forming and
following ideals.
cooking and eating good
IDEOLOGY : Set of ideas at the basis of
food.
certain economic or political
GENOCIDE : Elimination or killing of a
systems.
whole race.
IDOLATRY : Worship of idols.
GERMANOPHILE : An admirer of the German
IGNORAMUS : A thoroughly ignorant person.
people, language, manners
ILLEGAL : That which is contrary to law.
or way of life.
ILLEGIBLE : Handwriting which cannot
GERMANOPHOBE : One who dislikes the
be read.
Germans and Germany.
ILLITERATE : One who is unable to read or IRREPARABLE : That which cannot be
write. repaired.
IMMEMORIAL : Too old to be remembered, IRREPROACHABLE : So good that no criticism can
ancient beyond memory. be made.
IMMINENT : About to happen. JAYWALK : To cross streets on foot in a
IMMORTAL : That which never dies. careless and dangerous
IMPASSABLE : That which cannot be passed way.
through. JOEY : A young kangaroo.
IMPLACABLE : Impossible to satisfy, change JUDICIOUS : Wise, sound in judgement.
KIMONO : A loose gown of silk as worn
or make less angry.
in Japan.
IMPREGNABLE : That which cannot be attacked
KNIGHTHOOD : The right to put Sir in front of
or taken by force.
ones name.
INACCESSIBLE : That cannot be approached
LACKEY : One who behaves like a
or reached. servant by always obeying.
INAUSPICIOUS : Not of good omen. LAMINATE : To cover with thin sheets of
INCORPOREAL : Without a body. metal or plastic.
INCREDIBLE : That cannot be believed. LEGIBLE : Capable of being read
INDEFATIGABLE : One who is incapable of clearly.
being tired. LEONINE : Of or like a lion.
INDELIBLE : Incapable of being effaced or LEXICOGRAPHER : One who compiles diction-
cancelled or obliterated. aries.
INDIGENOUS : Belonging naturally to a place. LIBERTARIAN : One who believes that one
INDOPHILE : An admirer of the Indian should have freedom of
people, its culture, manners or expression.
way of life. LIMERICK : A humorous short poem with
INDOPHOBE : One who dislikes the Indians five lines.
and India. LITERATI : People with knowledge of
INEDIBLE : Something which cannot be literature.
eaten. LOQUACIOUS : One who talks a lot.
INEVITABLE : That which is bound to LOWBROW : One who has no interest in
happen. literature, art etc.
INEXPLICABLE : That which cannot be LULLABY : A pleasant song sung to
explained. send children to sleep.
INFLAMMABLE : Capable of catching fire. MACHETE : A knife with a broad heavy
blade.
INFLATE : To fill with air or gas.
MAGNUM OPUS : A great work of art, particularly
INGENIOUS : Very clever.
literary.
INIMITABLE : That which cannot be imitated.
MALEDICTION : Evil, vicious speech.
INNATE : That which one is born with. MANUAL : A book giving information about
INNOCUOUS : That which is quite harmless. how to work something.
INTANGIBLE : That cannot be mentally MANUSCRIPT : Handwritten script of a book.
grasped. MARTINET : A strict disciplinarian.
INTELLIGENTSIA : The class of people who MASCOT : Something chosen as a
think independently. symbol to bring good luck.
INTOLERABLE : That which cannot be MASOCHIST : One who enjoys pain or
endured. humiliation.
INTROSPECTION : Examination of ones own MEDIOCRE : One who is neither intelligent nor
mental processes. dull.
INTUITION : Immediate apprehension by MEGALOMANIA : The belief that one is
mind reasoning. extremely important.
INVINCIBLE : That cannot be conquered or MELODIOUS : Sweet sounding.
defeated. MERCANTILE : Of trade and business.
INVULNERABLE : That which cannot be METEOROLOGY : The scientific study of
wounded. weather conditions.
METICULOUS : A person who is very careful PAUNCH : A mans fat stomach.
about details. PEDANT : One who exhibits his book
MILITIA : Those trained as soldiers learning.
but not belonging to a regular PENULTIMATE : Last but one.
army. PERQUISITE : Gain over and above ones
MISANTHROPE : One who hates mankind. salary.
MISOGAMIST : One who hates marriage. PETROLOGY : The scientific study of rocks.
MISOGYNIST : One who hates women. PHILISTINE : Person of material outlook
MONOMANIAC : One who keeps thinking of who is indifferent to culture.
one particular thing only. PHILOLOGIST : One who is well versed in the
MONOTHEISM : The practice of worshipping science of languages.
only one god. PIGMENT : The natural colouring matter of
MULTINATIONAL : A company having branches plants and animals.
in many countries. PLAINTIFF : One who bring a charge
MYCOLOGY : The scientific study of fungi. against someone in court.
NAUSEA : Strong feeling of wanting to PLATONIC : A very close, non-sexual
vomit. friendship between two
NAUTICAL : Of sailors, ships or sailing. people.
NEMESIS : Downfall that satisfies PLEBEIAN : Of the lower social classes.
natural justice. POLYANDRY : The practice of having more
NEOLOGISM : A new word. than one husband at the same
NEPOTISM : Undue favour shown by a time.
person in power to his POLYGAMY : The practise of having more
relatives. than one husband or wife at
NOTARY : A public official who makes
the same time.
written statements official.
POLYGLOT : One who speaks many
NUMISMATIC : One who collects coins.
languages.
OBITUARY : Notice of a persons death
POLYGRAPH : A lie-detector.
in a newspaper.
POSTHUMOUS : A child born after the death of
OBLIGATORY : That which is required to be
its father.
done by law.
OBSOLETE : That which is out of use, or POSTSCRIPT : A note added at the end of a
replaced by a newer letter, after the signature.
model. PRAGMATIST : One who uses common
OMNIPOTENT : One who is all powerful. sense.
OMNISCIENT : One who knows everything. PRESCIENT : Able to foretell what will happen
OMNIVOROUS : One who eats anything. in the future.
ONTOLOGY : Philosophy concerned with PROFILE (1) : A side view of someones
the nature of existence. head.
OPTHALMOLOGIST : An eye-doctor. PROPELLANT : An explosive for firing a bullet
OPTOMETRIST : A technician who measures or a rocket.
your eyesight. PSEUDONYM : A pen-name assumed by a
PACHYDERM : A thick-skinned animal, writer.
especially an elephant or PULMONARY : Of or having an effect on the
rhinoceros. lungs.
PACIFIST : One who believes in the QUIXOTIC : Trying to do the impossible,
abolition of war. usually to help others, while
PALAEOGRAPHY : The study of ancient writing. putting oneself into danger.
PALAEONTOLOGY : The study of fossils. RACONTEUR : One who is good at telling
PANACEA : A remedy which can cure all stories in an interesting way.
diseases. RAPPORT : A good relationship between
PARADOX : Contradictory statement. two people.
PARASITE : One that lives on another. RECEPTIVE : Capable of receiving new
PARIAH : One who is not accepted by ideas.
society. RED TAPISM : Excessive use of official
PATENT : Sole right to make and sell formalities which causes
ones own invention. unnecessary delay.
REFLATION : A government policy of SPINSTER : An unmarried woman.
increasing the amount of STALE : Something which is not fresh.
money in circulation. STAMPEDE : A sudden rush of a large
REINFORCE : Strengthen by additional men number of frightened people
or material. or animals.
RENAISSANCE : A renewal of interest in art, STELLAR : Of the stars.
literature etc. STOCKBROKER : One who buys and sell shares
REQUISITION : An official demand or request. for others.
RETRIBUTION : A severe deserved punish- STOIC : One who is indifferent to pain
ment. and pleasure.
RINGLEADER : One who leads others to do STRATAGEM : A trick to deceive an enemy.
wrong or make trouble. STRINGENT : Very strict.
RODENT : A small herbivore usually SUBCUTANEOUS : Beneath the skin.
considered a pest.. SUB JUDICE : A subject which cannot be
RUSSOPHILE : An admirer of the Russian publicly discussed because it
people, language, manners or is being considered by a court
way of life. of law.
RUSSOPHOBE : One who dislikes the SUBSIDY : Money paid by a government to
Russians and Russia. make prices lower.
SABOTAGE : Wanton destruction especially SUBVERSIVE : Attempting to weaken or
of a factory, etc. b y
overthrow authority.
dissatis- fied workers.
SUPERANNUATED : Too old for work.
SACRILEGE : The violation or profaning of
SURREAL : Having a strange, dreamlike
sacred things.
unreal quality.
SANATORIUM : A place for invalids and
TABLEAU : A lifelike representation of a
convalescents.
famous scene by a group of
SANCTIMONIOUS : Making a show of piety.
SCAFFOLD : A structure on which criminals people who do not move or
used to be hanged. speak.
SCEPTIC : Person who doubts the truth TAXIDERMY : The art of stuffing animals and
of what he is told. setting them in life-like poses.
SCUBA : An instrument used for TECHNOCRAT : A specialist in technology.
breathing when swimming TEETOTALLER : One who abstains from all kinds
under water. of alcoholic drinks.
SEDENTARY : Done while sitting down. TERMINATE : Come or bring to an end.
SEER : One who can see into the THEIST : One who believes in the
future. existence of God.
SENSATIONALISM : The intentional producing of THEOCRACY : Government by priests.
excitement or shock. TIMBER : Wood cut down for building etc.
SEPTUAGENARIAN : One in his seventies. TOPIARY : The art of trimming trees and
SILHOUETTE : Black shadow-like picture on bushes to decorative shapes.
white background. TRAITOR : One who is disloyal to his
SIMULTANEOUSLY : Taking place or happening at country.
the same time. TYRANT : A ruler with complete power
SINECURE : Any office with good salary but who rules cruelly.
no work. UNISEX : Of one type, used by both
SINOPHILE : An admirer of the Chinese males and females.
people, language, manners or UNANIMOUS : A decision taken by the votes
way of life. of all.
SINOPHOBE : One who dislikes the Chinese UPSTART : A person who has suddenly
and China. risen from low rank to wealth
SMALL FRY : Unimportant people. and importance.
SNIPPET : A small piece from something UXORICIDE : The killing of ones wife.
spoken or written. UXORIOUS : Greatly or excessively fond of
SOJOURN : A short stay at a place. ones wife.
LIST - II
EPHEMERAL : Existing only for a day. IMMIGRANT : One who comes into a
foreign country to settle there
EMBALM : To preserve a dead body
INVINCIBLE : That which cannot be
from decaying
conqured
EPITOME : A brief summary of a book
INCOMBUSTIBLE : Incapable of being burnt
ENIGMA : A person, thing or
INVISIBLE : That which cannot be seen
circumstance that is
puzzling IMMORTAL : Living for ever
EMBARGO : An order prohibiting ships to INIMITABLE : That which cannot be
leave the port imitated
ENTOMOLOGY : The study of insects INDEFATIGABLE : Persons that cannot be
wearied
FIANCEE : One engaged to be married
INTERNECINE : Causing destruction to both
FARRIES : One who shoes horses
sides
FUGITIVE : One who runs away from
INTERPOLATE : make (spurious &
justice or the law misleading) additions to a
FANATIC : a person filled with book
excessive entusiasm, JUXTAPOSE : To place side by side
especially in religion
LETHAL : causing death
GEOLOGIST : One who studies about
rocks and soils LACONIC : Expressing in a few words
SOMNAMBULIST : One who walk in his sleep USURER : One who lends money at an
excessive rate of interest
SPENDTHRIFT : One who spends too much
UPSTART : One who has suddenly
SCULPTOR : One who carves in stone, risen to wealth and
metal, wood, etc. importance
SURGEON : One who treats diseases by ULTIMATUM : final proposal of terms given
operations by one party to another
SANATORIUM : A hospital esp, for UNANIMOUS : Of the same opinion
tuberculosis patients and
convalescents. VETERINARIAN : One skilled in the treatment
of diseases of animals
SYMPOSIUM : Collection of views of
several persons on a topic VAGABOND : One who wanders without
settled home
SYNONYM : A word with the same
VALETUDINARIAN : One who is overanxious
meaning as another
about ones health
SABOTAGE : Wanton destruction of a
plant by workmen VOLUNTEER : One who takes part in an
enterprise of his own free
SIMULTANEOUS : happening or done at the will
same time
VERBATIM : Word for word
SUPERFLUOUS : More than is needed
VERSATILE : Of many sided ability
TEETOTALLER : One who doesnt consume
alchoholic drinks VICARIOUS : Done for another
TAXIDERMY : The art of preparing, stuffing WINNOW : To separate the husks from
and mounting the skins of the grain
animals, birds and fish. WANTON : Recklessly inconsiderate
TOPOGRAPHY : The art of representing the WIDOWER : A man whose wife is dead
physical features of a place XENOMANIAC : A person having an
on a map. excessive attachment to
THESAURUS : Lexicon, esp, a collection of foreign living
words ZOO : A place where many kinds
TABOO : An act which religion or of animals are kept for show
custon regards as
ZOOLOGY : The science of animal life
forbidden.