Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Every Financial Institute irrespective of its size is generally exposed to market liquidity and
interest rate risks in connection with the process of Asset Liability Management. Failure to
identify the risks associated with business and failure to take timely measures in giving a sense
of direction threatens the very existence of the institution. It is, therefore, important that the
strategic decision makers of an organization assume special care with regard to the Balance
Sheet Risk management and should ensure that the structure of the institute’s business and the
level of Balance Sheet risk it assumes are effectively managed, appropriate policies and
procedures are established to control the direction of the organization. The whole exercise is with
the objective of limiting these risks against the resources that are available for evaluating and
controlling liquidity and interest rate risk.
MEANING
Asset management in built environment is defined as “The set of disciplines, methods,
procedures & tools to optimize the Whole Life Business Impact of costs, performance and risk
exposures (associated with the availability, efficiency, quality, longevity and
regulatory/safety/environmental compliance) of the organization’s physical assets”.
Asset management based on whole lifecycle provides the means to ensure best value and returns
by managing each asset from design to demolition. It is the process of guiding the acquisition,
use and disposal of assets to make the most of their service delivery potential and manage the
related risks and costs over the entire life of the assets.
MANAGEMENT
• Assets and Liabilities Management (ALM) is defined as, “the process of decision –
making to control risks of existence, stability and growth of a system through the
dynamic balances of its assets and liabilities.”
• The text book definition of ALM is “a risk management technique designed to earn an
adequate return while maintaining a comfortable surplus of assets beyond liabilities. It
takes into consideration interest rates, earning power and degree of willingness to take on
debt. It is also called surplus- management”.
• While managing these three risks forms the crux of ALM, credit risk and contingency
risk also form a part of the ALM
• ALM can be termed as a risk management technique designed to earn an adequate return
while maintaining a comfortable surplus of assets beyond liabilities.
• It takes into consideration interest rates, earning power, and degree of willingness to take
on debt and hence is also known as Surplus Management
• ALM is all about efficient management of balance sheet dynamics with regard to its size,
constituents and quality.
• It is the process of managing the Net Interest Margin (NIM) within the overall risk
bearing ability of a bank
• ALM process depends on the understanding of the balance sheet; the availability,
accuracy, adequacy and expediency of the data and the MIS system
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
Primary objectives
1. To assess and identify the possible sources of risk in connection with the funding and
lending activities.
2. To assess the impact of risk on the business and financial performance of an organization.
3. To be familiarized with the qualitative and quantitative techniques needed to avert and or
minimize risk.
4. To evaluate the strength of existing risk management tools and improves it further.
5. To know the financial position of the company.
Secondary objective
1. LIMITED TIME:
The time available to conduct the study was only 2 months. It being a wide topic had a
limited time.
2. LIMITED RESOURCES:
Limited resources are available to collect the information about the commodity trading.
3. VOLATALITY:
Share market is so much volatile and it is difficult to forecast anything about it whether you
trade through online or offline
4. ASPECTS COVERAGE:
Some of the aspects may not be covered in my study.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
The roots of major management decisions revolve around financial information. A careful
scrutiny of alternative choices on the basis of projected information depicting the
comparative results of each is needed to arrive at the selection of most favorable decision
for eventual implementation. This brings us to the question what constitute financial
information? What information enables the finance manager to evaluate and plan the firm’s
earning ability?
The basic source covering financial information about a firm’s affairs is its annual financial
accounts. i.e. profit and loss statement for the last operating period(quarter, half year,
annually, etc) and the balance sheet as at the end of that period. Profit and loss accounts
reveal the operating results of the business activities of the firm and how they are put to
use. In other words the acquired assets at the disposal of the firm and liabilities that the firm
has incurred and remains indebted to others.
These sources however reveal only part of the necessary information and a considerable
gap. It is therefore necessary to further examine and break down the information in these
statements with a much greater elaboration and detail to translate the comparative strengths
and weakness of the firm. The finance manager, for this purpose employs certain analytical
tools and perceptive statements based on the source data from the balance sheet and profit
and loss account statements.
Before we enter into the methodology and procedure for financial analysis, it is desirable to
identify to whom such information is useful and how? Financial analysis serves the following
purposes to the concerned authorities/bodies.
The shareholders as well as perspective investors desirous to know the present and
anticipated trends.
The Government to take different projects and to study performance, growth etc.
Banks, financial institutions and insurance who are interested with project to
ascertain the credit worthiness of the firm.
Financial data is to be analyzed with reference to the particular objectives of the person
concerned either external or internal as regards the firm. Before commencing analysis and
the type of information needed are to be ascertained as well as identification of source, data
and analytical tools to be employed.
1. Identify the source of information relevant to the decision to be made from the total pool
of data provided by the annual financial statements.
2. Rearrange the particular data selected to highlight significant relationship.
3. Study the analyzed information critically and draw pertinent conclusions
When there is a bigger team asked to deal with the asset management of the company,
sometimes the updates are much more difficult to attribute to. This is because, while there is
rotation among the member, some parts may not be covered thoroughly. On the other hand, if too
many people are assigning tasks to individuals without the updates specifically communicated
among the different members, the updates will be much more difficult to establish.
This is the most common problem of asset management that involves human factors. The
miscommunication can go from as short as missing one decimal place to having questionable
discrepancies on file. The miscommunication is a great disadvantage because it involves lack of
proper use for the different instruments made available for asset management.
The technical competence to mange assets is also equally important. If one of the team members
has not taken the time to train for the use of the equipment and the dynamics needed by the job
of managing assets, the incompetence will results to disasters in the managing of assets.
Inventory problems and management issues may arise, and in essence, it is still better to manage
with few high quality people than many below average ones.
For example, you have all the competent people you need. but you do not have the technology
that matches their qualifications for doing to job, you are still at a losing end. You may get an
above average performance, but it will still be much better if the technology matches the good
skills of the asset management team.
e. Lack of support
When there is lack of support in any given endeavor, it is bound to fail. The same goes with asset
management. The lack of support among departments may not be conducive for positive change
and objective or honest inventory of assets. Where there are ulterior motives being satisfied
among the ranks, the management of assets may not be as pure or clean as one would like. This
lack of support may be remedied by strengthening the ties of the team members via enriching
activities.
The balance is the key to perfect asset management. A balance in the different categories and the
figures that represent them in the charts are the core outputs of a good management of assets in
an organization. A lack of balance means that there are some things that need to be modified, or
that some people are out of shape for this activity.
When one's asset is much managed, there is also a tendency to eliminate all risks, even when in
fact these risks are contributory to the company's growth and yield good returns. Asset
management must also involve taking calculated risks.
a) Asset register
h) Training
METHODOLOGY
The objective of the present study can be accomplished by conducting a systematic analysis
of the balance sheet of the company. Analysis means detail collection, observation,
reporting of data, calculation and finding that are relevant to the company balance sheet.
This constitutes the secondary source of data which includes collection of annual report of
the company and many journals.
PRIMARY DATA
Primary data is the first hand data collected for the main and sole purpose of the study,
primary data was collected in the finance department of the company with the direct
interaction with the officials there.
SECONDARY DATA
The secondary data was obtained through the company’s audit reports and
the annual books. Data was also collected from many newspapers and journals
for understanding in deep the company progress and achievements.
Text books
Internet
Application forms
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
CHITTOOR (AP)
PURPOSE OF VALUATION:
The purpose of valuation is access the fair market value of the fixed assets comprising of
land, building, plant & machinery to furnish the bank loan purpose.
LOCATION:
M/S The chittoor cooperative sugars limited., chittoor is located in survey Nos. 204,
205,546,507/1,507/3 in No.74 Thimmasamudram revenue village, chittoor district, Andhra
Pradesh. The unit is located in Kadapa-Kurnool National Highway No.18 and 3km from
chittoor town.
A) LAND
The unit is located on 84.23 acres of land as per records. In the total extent on 84.27
acres of land consisting of factory buildings, premises, residential quarters and other
vacant sites, 30.52 acres of land under cane be sold separately for developing as real
estate as there is good demand for house sites in this area. Enquiries are made in the
surrounding collected from the local people and also enquire made at the sub-register’s
office, chittoor for arriving the fair market value.
Land value:
The registers office rates are adopted by the sub registrar is as per the agricultural land rares.
However the prevailing market rates applicable in the locality basing on the local conditions is
adopted. Through and discrete market enquiries are made at the time of valuation to ascertain the
fair market value.
2. United rate adopted in this valuation after considering the characteristics of the subject
land: : Rs.40 Lakhs per acre
Massecute-2Nos 1 1963
50 capacity 1 1995
35 T capacity
Condensation plant
A Mirrless barometer multijet condensers 1 1963
a. Cap :11350kgs/hr 2 1963
b. cap:6180kgs/hr 3 1963
c. Fan vapour condenser
B Condenser water pump:split casing centrifugal
type 2 1963
Cap:2500 GPM 5 1963
Cap:125lts/sec 1 1963
Cap:500lts/sec 1 1963
Cap:2500 GPM
c Water cooling system 2 1963
. Split casign centrifugal pump 1 1963
Spray pond with 405 nozzles of 22 mm dia
I COOLING,CURING & DRYING PLANT 2,50,00,000.00
V
1.SEED CRYSTALLISERS 1 1963
MASSECUTES footing crystallieser(A)
35 tonne capacity
Grain vacum crystallieser(B) 1 1963
35 tonne capacity
Seed storage crystallieser(B) 1 1974
160 HL capacity
Seed storage crystallieser© 1 1963
25 tonne capacity
Crystallieser 9 1963
Supplier : Binny Engg,works, Madras
Air cooled open type-4 Nos
Type U shaped open type
Cap: 35 MTS
‘A’ massecuite
Air cooled open type-3 Nos
Type U shaped open type
Cap: 35 MTS
‘B’ massecuite
Air cooled open type-2 Nos
Type U shaped open type
Cap: 35 MTS
‘C’ massecuite
Mono vertical crystallizer 1 No
Cap:200 tonnes
Heating surface: 155sq.m
Diameter:4000mm
Holding cap:120 cu.M
‘c’ Massecuite
2.centrifugal Machines
Single curing system centrifugals 4 1986
Make:N.H.E.C
Batch type, flat bottom, plough discharge
30”X48” size centrifugal machine of minimum
700 kgs per charge
A’Massecuite
Each machine having 16 cycles per hour at
1500RPM and fully automatic and recycling
type form single ‘A’massecuite
Drive motors of Bharath Bijilee make with
THYRESTER control system
Continuous centrifugal machines of NHEC-NK-
1100 make with drive and all other accessories
2 Nos for’C’ foreworker machines for a capacity
of 6 to 10 MTs per hour for the massecuite
condition 45 purity,100-104 brix to cure at 40
deg c curing temp at normal viscosity. The
machine is drive by 75 HP 55KW , 2000
RPM,electrical motor of kirlosker make with
electrical control panel of Siemens make
C’ massecuite
1 Nos for’C’ afterworker machines for a 1 1994
capacity of 16MTs per hour. The machine is
driven by 75 HP 55KW , 1800 RPM, sq cage
electrical motor of kirlosker make with electrical
control panel of Siemens make
2 Nos for’C’ foreworker machines for a capacity 2 1994
of 16MTs per hour. The machine is drive by 75
HP 55KW , 1400 RPM, sq cage electrical motor
of kirlosker make with electrical control panel of
Siemens make
C’ massecuite
3 Air compressor
Make: kirloskar 1 1985
Model:TC 200M
Vertical water cooled air compressor for
centrifugal machines. Air compressor of single
stage, single acting, reciprocating stationary,
non-lubricated discharge pressure (8.8 kg/cm 2g)
130 PSL 2.26 cu.M/min(80cfm)(oil from air) at
250RPM lubricating with all accessories
1 No kirloskar make 1 1985
Vertical reciprocating water cooled lubricant
compressor
Model:LM 200M
No. of cylinders:2
Displacement:13.3cu.m
Motor:37KW
4 sugar drier
Sugar hoppers 3 194
1 No. single tray gross hopper
Size:1.5M wideX12M longX350M depth
Connecting rods:2 nos
Electrically driven
2 Nos multi – tray
Size:1.5M wideX12M longX350M depth
Connecting rods:2 nos
Electrically driven
Sugar elevator 1 1994
Cap:20 tonn/hr
With two stands chain with G.1 buckets Ht:11M
Electrically driven
Sugar grade with bagging and stitching 1 1994
Cap: 20Tonn/hr
Having 4 ducks with screens
Electrically driven
V STEAM GENERATION PLANT 2,45,00,0000.0
0
1.Boilers
a. Steam generating capacity 16 to 16MT/hr 1 1963
Working pressure:14.5kgs/sq.m
Heating surface: 696.75 sq.m
Super heating 100 Deg.F
Make:Temaco VW-20
Steam generating capacity 21MT/hr 1 1974
Working pressure:14.5kgs/sq.m
Heating surface: 793 sq.m
Super heating 100 Deg.F
Make:Temaco VW-20
Steam generating capacity 25.5MT/hr 1 1963
Working pressure:14.5kgs/sq.m
Heating surface: 1035 sq.m
Super heating 100 Deg.F
Make:ISGEC john Thomson
b. Feed water treatment 1 1963
Caustic soda 2.5kgs/shift
Make:indion 1462
Alkaline builder
Water tanks – vertical
Cap:12KL,make ION Exchange India
c. Chimney 1 1963
Mild steel of 2.44 MTs dia & 30.48m forced and
induced drought
d. Fly ash arrestors 3
1 No 25 MT capacity
Make:ISGEC boiler
2 Nos 20 MT capacity
Make:Texmaco boiler
B. Electric generator -1 No
Cap:440V,1250KW(output)
Make: English Electric, England
C.Cap:420V,625KW(output) 1 1994
Make:kirloskar
VII OTHER PLANT ASSESTS 50,00,000.00
1.a.MS steel tank for storage of molasses 1 1965
Cap:4000MT
1.b.MS steel tank for storage of molasses 1 1990
Cap:4000MT
2.cane seed treatment plant 1 1995
Cap:0.75 MT
Cane seed hot water treatment plant with both
electrical and team operating unit
3.effluent disposal 1 1974
Machines for effluent disposal plant comprising
of pumps, filters, pipes etc.,
VIII WORK SHOP EQUIPMENT 25,00,000.00
1.lathes & their sizes
a.jayamas Engg.Co.5.9 Mtr,18ft length 1 1963
b.kirloskar,2,624Mtr 8 ft length 1 1963
c.kirloskar ,3,936 Mtr 12ft length 1 1963
d. Mcleans,2,624 Mtr 8ft length 1 1963
e.Master ,3.34M(Length)X500mm center height 1 1963
lathe
2.shaping machine,18” stroke,2HP 1 1963
3.plamnning machine and size No.1.968M 1 1963
stroke:6’3hp
4.Tilting type oil furnace 200Kgs 1 1963
IX PLANT ELECTRICALS INSLUDING TRAN:LS 1963 6,00,000.00
SWITCH GEARS, MAIN &SUB CONTROL
PANELS,CABLES,CAPACITORS ETC.,
X WEIGH BRIDGE 7,50,000.00
a. Weigh bridge-Mechanical 1 1963 4,00,000.00
Make: Avery
Cap:25MT
b. Weigh bridge-Electric 2 1994 4,00,000.00
Make: Avery
Cap:25T
Total 13,53,00,000.0
0
SUMMARY
THE TOTAL ASSESSED FAIR MARKET VALUE OF THE ABOVE FIXED ASSETS OF
M/S, CHITTOOR CO-OPERATIVE SUGARS LIMITED. CHITTOOR-517003.A.P. ON AS IS
WHERE IS BASIS AS ON DECEMBER 2008 IS
(Rupees Fifty four crores and forty lakhs only) Rs.54, 40, 00,000.00
CERTIFICATE
1. It is hereby certified that in my opinion the present market value of the property by
adopting prevailing market rates fro land, buildings, sheds, plant and machinery is
Rs.54, 40, 00,000.00 (Rupees Fifty four crores and forty lakhs only)
2. The property was inspected on 06.12.2008 in the presence of Chief Engineer and General
Accountant of Chittoor Co-operative Sugars Ltd.Chittoor.
3. The information furnished above is true to the best of my knowledge and belief.
4. I have no direct and indirect interest in the property valued above.
7. This valuation work is undertaken by the valuer based upon the request from the
managing director, The Chittoor Co-operative Sugars Ltd.Chittoor.
RECOMMENDATION
• Increase accountability:
Make socialization and informative training about asset management report. As we know
asset management affected by accrual accounting. In Indonesia implementation accrual
accounting not yet fully implemented, but policy to implement accrual base have been
mandate constitution and wait readiness of all part entity.
This report indicates there is weakness in internal organization. So in this case, internal
monitoring and internal compliment isn’t running well. Good solution for this problem is
give incentive and good monitoring, as recommended. His opinion is incentive and
efficiency management can give ensuring managerial responsibility and flexibility in
activity in asset management.
To give good decision in asset management policy, we must develop an analysis tool as
like life-costing guide. This analysis give us information about what capacity, capital
cost, alternative product option and disposal option in the right time to minimize
decreasing value asset.
• Make implementation rule to create evaluate and gap analysis tools that generate
good performance in asset management
In current condition about asset management we don’t realize about a model or system
that can be recognize what resource that we have and what asset that important to build. It
can be done by gap analysis.
CONCLUSION
• Asset management reform needs a more time to develop approximately about 15-20
years. Company has made a fundamental framework and makes some adjustment
what next should be done to get good practice in asset management.
• To encourage this effort system and model should be support by good qualify human
resource that understand the philosophy asset management, cycle process and get
three point of management asset (efficiency, clearness, optimal).