BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

LECTURE PART-2
 RESISTANCE, VOLTAGE, CURRENT
& POWER IN SERIES
Current is the same in all parts of the circuit.
The total resistance (RT) of a series circuit is the sum of all
resistance
RT = R1 + R2 +R3 + . . . . . .
The sum of all voltage drops across individual resistances is equal
to the applied voltage
VT = V1 + V2 +V3 + . . . . . .
Power in each resistance is additive
PT = P1 + P2 +P3 + . . . . . .
 RESISTANCE, VOLTAGE, CURRENT
& POWER IN PARALLEL
Voltage is equal in every branch of the circuit.
The total current (IT) is the sum of all the branch currents
IT = I1 + I2 +I3 + . . . . . .
The reciprocal of the total resistance is the sum of the reciprocal
of every resistance in the circuit
RT-1 = R1-1 + R2-1 + R3-1 + . . . . . .
Power in each resistance is additive
PT = P1 + P2 +P3 + . . . . . .
Solve for RT

2 2 1

2
RT 4 3
3 6

Answer: RT = 4
 SHORT AND OPEN CIRCUITS
SHORT CIRCUIT When two points of a circuit
are connected together by a thick metallic
wire, they are said to be short-circuited.
1. Resistance is zero.
2. Voltage is zero.
3. Current is very high (infinite).
 SHORT IN SERIES CIRCUIT SHORT IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT
 OPEN CIRCUIT
1. Resistance is infinite.
2. Current is zero.
OPEN IN SERIES CIRCUIT OPEN IN PARALLEL CIRCUIT
 VOLTAGE DIVIDER

R1
I V1 = VT
R1+R2
V1 R1 Type equation here.
VT
R2
V2 R2 V2 = VT
R1+R2
 CURRENT DIVIDER

IT R2
I1 I2 I1 = IT
R1+R2
VT R1 R2
R1
I2 = IT
R1+R2
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Find the voltage across R1 and R2.

R1 = 2
VT = 5 V

R2 = 8

Answer: V1 = 1V V2 = 4V
 2. Find the current flows in R1, R2 and R3.

IT IT = 5 A
R1 = 2
VT R1 R2 R3 R2 = 6
R3 = 10

Answer: I1 = 3.26A I2 = 1.09A I3 = 0.65A

3. A 3o-ohm resistance is connected in
series with a resistor R whose ohmic value in
unknown. If the current is 2 amperes when
the circuit emf is 115 volts, calculate the
resistance of the unknown.

Answer: R = 27.5
4. A 30-ohm resistance is connected in
parallel with a resistor R whose ohmic value
is unknown. If the total current (taken by
both resistors) is 5.7 amperes when the
circuit emf is 114 volts, calculate the
resistance of the unknown.

Answer: R = 60
5. A voltage of 5V is to be made available
from a 12-V source using a two resistor
voltage divider. The current in the divider
is to be 100 mA. Find the values for the
Resistors R1 and R2.

Answer: R1 = 70 R2 = 50
6. Two heating elements x and y are
both connected in parallel across 100 V
supply. Unit y takes twice as much
power as unit x. The total power
supplied by the source is 2280 watts.
Determine the total power drawn by the
heating units if the two elements are
connected in series across the source.
Answer: PT(series) = 506.59 Watts
7. Three resistor of 10, 12 and Rx ohms
respectively are connected in parallel
across a constant current source of 8
amperes. Determine Rx if it draws 2.5
amperes.

Answer: Rx = 12
8. For the given circuit, find the current
supplied by the source if a current of 4A
flows towards the R3.
R1= 50-R R2 = R
IT
I3 = 4A
VT = 100V R3 = 10

Answer: IT = 5.05 A
 DELTA-WYE NETWORKS
- Used to simplify complicated networks.
WYE (Y) OR STAR
NETWORK DELTA NETWORK
 It is possible to transform a wye (Y) to an equivalent
delta ( ) and vice versa.
DELTA ( ) TO WYE WYE (Y) TO DELTA ()
(Y) TRANSFORM TRANSFORM
12+23+31
R1 = Ra =
++ 1

12+23+31
R2 = Rb =
++ 2
12+23+31
R3 = Rc =
++ 3
1. Find the input resistance of the circuit
between the points A & B.

A 4
4 8
6

8
4
B

Answer: RAB = 9.67

2. A bridge network ABCD is shown.
Determine the network resistance as
viewed from the battery terminals.
1 1

2 1
Answer: RAB = 1.18

A V B