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and transformers
Karl-Erik Rydberg
Karl-Erik.Rydberg@liu.se
E Jt E Jt
Rotating
Motion Throttle control
Mt
Secondary control
Mt
Acc.
Control
Losses Transformer
E Jt E Jt
Linear
Motion Throttle control Secondary control
Mt Mt
Control Acc.
Losses Transformer
1
Secondary controlled systems
Gran Palmgren, LiU-Tek-Lic-1988
2
Winch drive with secondary control
Jt TL
np
p0 m
Bm
3
Transformer concepts
4
Conventional transformers
(Motor) (Pump)
I DI D
Lifting: p0 = II II ( p A p0 )
2 2
D
p A = I I + 1 p0
II DII
I DI D
p0 = II p A
2 2
D
p A = I I p0
DII
Rydberg K-E Secondary control and transformers TMMS 10 9
5
Efficiencies of different transformer concepts
Required displacement
Hydraulic fork
fork--lift system with transformer
6
Transformer unit (HAB) for hydraulic boom control
Hydraulic
Accumulator
Balancing
(HAB) unit
tested at
Tampere Univ.
7
Transformer dynamics in different installations
Load Load
Acc Acc
p1 xp
p L Ap
Motor
q1 qL Control
e1 e2
Tm
1 wm
CE 1
2 2
s X p D2m / Ap 1 / Bm B
= m = (1D1 p1 2 D2 pL ) ; tf = m
2 s 2
2 h 1+
s Jm
+ s +1
2
h h tf
Hydraulic
accumulators
p 1/ n
1/ n
V = V1 V2 = V1 1 1 => p
p2 V2 = V1 1
p2
p1 p0
V Adiabatic or
isothermal V1 = V0
p0 p1
V0 = 1/ n
n = 1,5 2,5 process
p
1 1
p2
Rydberg K-E Secondary control and transformers TMMS 10 16
8
Hydraulic accumulator - Characteristic
Pressure rises
Temperature
rises
H
H
Thermal losses
Start point
Disturbance flow:
9
Polytropic exponent for real nitrogen
( = 20oC)
( = -25oC)
1 1
Critical frequency: c w = 1 . 0 c = [rad/s] and f c = [Hz]
w 2 w
Rydberg K-E Secondary control and transformers TMMS 10 20
10