MAPPING OF OCEAN ENERGY

IN INDONESIA
Susilohadi
Marine Geological Institute/MGI
(Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan)
Jalan Dr. Junjunan 236
BANDUNG 40174, INDONESIA
Ph. +62 22 6032020, Fax. +62 22 6017887
E-mail: s.susilohadi@mgi.esdm.go.id
Web Site: www.mgi.esdm.go.id
Workshop: Jalan Kalijaga 101 Cirebon
 I. Introduction
II. Legal Status of Ocean Renewable Energy
Mapping
III. Highlight of some Ocean Current Mapping
Results
IV. Closing Remarks

00:47:48
 INTRODUCTION
Presidential Regulation no. 5/2006: NRE has to
Oil
20%
Bio Fuels
5% Geothermal

contribute 17% of national energy mix by 2025. NRE

5%

Coal
2% Hydro

relies mostly on geothermal energy.

2,61%
Gas Other
30% Wind
5%
0,0301%

The capacity of ocean energy to contribute the NRE

Fuel Cell
0,00%

Biomass

energy mix has been recognized in the National Energy Coal

33%
0,7417%

Nuclear
1,4032%

Law no. 30/2007.

Ocean renewable energy is primarily based on waves,
(tidal) currents and ocean thermal.
Since then the national capacity to explore ocean
energy and to develop the suitable technology have
been enhanced significantly.
Marine Geological Institute (MGI) has taken place in the
mapping of national ocean energy, particularly ocean
current. However, since by rule only MGI that doing
routine exploration, mapping of ocean energy in the
coming years will not be limited only on ocean current.

00:47:48
 CURRENT STATUS
OF OCEAN WAVE ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

Field ocean wave mapping has not been in an

attention
Mapping of area where ocean wave is
significant has been based on modeling of
gridded binary satellite data
Modeling softwares: Windwaves 05
(BMKG/ITS); Numerical model resulting Hs
and Tp (ITB)

00:47:48
 WAVE HEIGHT MODELING

Significant wave (wind driven) based on gridded binary satellite data

Modelling software: Windwaves 05 (Eko Prasetyo, 2011)
WAVE HEIGHT MODELING (Eko Prasetyo, 2011)
 Potential Area of Wave Energy

Area of Hs >2 & Tp = 9.5 sec. in Indonesian waters (Firdaus et al., 2011)
 CURRENT STATUS
OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

CTD measurements mostly carried out by

scientific institutes in relation to the Indonesian
Throughflow (ITF) and Climatic studies, such as:
Arlindo-Mixing Cruise (1993-1994)
INSTANT Program-Indomix Cruise (2006 &
2010)
INDEX/SATAL 2010
Sonne Cruise SO-217 (2011).

00:47:48
 CURRENT STATUS
OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

Sonne Cruise SO-217 tracklines, stations and CTD

00:47:48 results (Kuhnt, et al., 2011)
 CURRENT STATUS
OF OCEAN CURRENT ENERGY MAPPING IN INDONESIA

Ocean Current Energy Mapping has been conducted

by MGI since 2006.
Field measurements are mostly of short period (15
days) and concentrated in the narrow strait between
Lesser Sunda islands, Raja Ampat, and Sunda
Strait.
The measurements result in the characterization of
the currents, such as: three dimensional variation of
speed & direction, duration and its relationship to
local tides.
Modeling on those data is now in progress in order
to calculate power density flux.
00:47:48
 Indonesian Through Flow (ITF)

Indonesian throughflow pathways and estimates of total volume transport (in Sv = 106
m3/sec). ITF is an ocean current with importance for global climate since it provides a low-
latitude pathway for warm, fresh water to move from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean through
the western route of the Makassar Strait to either directly exit through the Lombok Strait or
flow eastward into the Banda Sea (Gordon, 2005).
 Indonesian Through Flow (ITF)

Trajectories of satellite-track drift buoys from the Global Drifter Program (8/1988-6/2007).
The trajectories show that a current intrudes into the South China Sea through the Luzon
Strait and forms a throughflow branch toward the Karimata Strait. The total number of drifters
through the Karimata Strait is higher than those that pass through the main ITF path of
Makassar Strait. (Drifter Data Assembly Center at NOAA/AOML; Susanto, et al., 2010)
MGI OCEAN CURRENT MAPPING 2006 - 2013

RAJA AMPAT (2013)

SELAT SUNDA (2012)

SELAT BOLENG
(2012)
Strait water depth :
- Within strait < 90 m
- South of strait > 90 m

Strait width :
- Northern 650 750 m
- Middle 1250 1300 m
- Southern 2400 2500 m
428.25 m

SE NW Vertical profile
 Larantuka Strait

Simulated flux density during Simulated flux density during

spring-flood tide at depth of 10 m spring-ebb tide at depth of 10
(Juventus in Yuningsih, et al., 2009) m (Juventus in Yuningsih, et al.,
2009)
 Lombok Strait

Simulated flux density during Simulated flux density during

spring-flood tide at depth of 10 m spring-ebb tide at depth of 10
(Hadi, 2006) m (Hadi, 2006)
 Alas Strait

Simulated flux density during Simulated flux density during

spring-flood tide at depth of 10 m spring-ebb tide at depth of 10
(Huda, 2006) m (Huda, 2006)
 Ocean Current in Sunda Strait

00:47:48
Ocean Current in Sunda Strait

04:00
 DURING NEAP TIDE

Current velocity:
- average = 0.94 m/sec.
- maximum = 2.52 m/sec
(occurs 9 hrs prior to flood).
 DURING NEAP TIDE

Current velocity:
- average = 1.38 m/sec.
- maximum = 1.99 m/sec
(occurs 2 hrs after lowest
ebb).
DURING SPRING TIDE

Current velocity:
- average = 1.38 m/sec.
- maximum = 3.97 m/sec
(occurs 6 hrs after highest
flood).
 DURING SPRING TIDE

Current velocity:
- average = 1.36 m/sec.
- maximum = 4.59 m/sec
(occurs 3 hrs prior to lowest
ebb).
 Ocean Current in Raja Ampat Islands
130 30' 4" 130 41' 19.19
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-0 30' 24"
Bathymetric Map

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SELAT DAMPIER
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-0 36' 45"

-0 36' 45"
130 30' 4" 130 41' 19.19"

PETA INDEKS
130 0' 28" 131 20' 53"
KEMENTERIAN ENERGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL
0 5' 4"

0 5' 4"

PUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN GEOLOGI KELAUTAN

Weigeo
PETA BATIMETRI
DI PERAIRAN
KETERANGAN : 0 2 4 KM
Penyusun Mira Yosi, M. Si
: Kontur batimetri interval 5 meter Pengamat
-0 52' 55"
-0 52' 55"

: Ibukota Kabupaten/Kecamatan Navigator

: Jalan Digambar oleh

130 0' 28" 131 20' 53" Diperiksa oleh

: Sungai
Lokasi penelitian Disyahkan oleh
 Reference cm/sec

Velocity cm/sec

Ocean current vectors at water depth of 1 24 m from Sawinggrai Village

 2014-2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS
Ocean Thermal Mapping:
Collecting CTD data of previous expedition into a single data base
Setting up CTD measurements as a routine task within systematic
marine geological and geophysical mapping programs
Begin applying of seismic oceanography methodology on already
acquired multichannel seismic data
Setting up paleoclimatic/oceanographic research collaborations
with Indonesian Agency for Marine & Fisheries and FIO (China),
French-Legos
Ocean Current Mapping:
Field mapping focuses Natuna islands and northern Sulawesi.
To issue the first edition of Ocean Current Energy Map (December
2013).

00:47:48
 2014-2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS

SEISMIC OCEANOGRAPHY:
A new cross discipline between oceanography and
seismology
Application of multichannel seismic reflection method to the
investigation of thermohaline fine structures of the ocean.
Since 2010 MGI has acquired significant amounts of
multichannel seismic reflection data, particularly in eastern
Indonesia.
It is expected that new methodology applied to those
seismic data will result in comprehensive understanding of
thermohaline structure of Indonesian waters (in addition to
the field measurements of CTD).
00:47:48
 2014-2019 MGI MAPPING PROGRAMS

00:47:48
9/23/2013