MAPUA UNIVERSITY

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

MENDOZA, Paul Joseph S.
(RZL10/B2)
Writing Task I-B

Topic: The World during Rizal's Time

Historical background of the world and of the Philippines during Rizal's time.
Before the Birth of Rizal
o Feb. 19, 1861 - the liberal Czar Alexander II issued a proclamation emancipating 22,500,000
serfs to appease the rising discontent of the Russian masses.
o June 19, 1861 - the birth of Rizal, the American Civil war was raging furiously in the United
States on the Negro Slavery.
o April 12, 1861 - the Negro slavery in the United States erupted.
o September 22, 1863 - President Lincoln issued his famous Emancipation Proclamation.
o June 1, 1861 - Benito Juarez, a full-blooded Zapotec Indian was elected president of Mexico.
o Battle of Queretaro President Juarez with the help of the US troops defeated the Maximilian
forces and executed Emperor Maximilian. Thus fizzled out Napoleons ambition to colonize
Latin America.
o Because of the raging American Civil War President Juarez cannot obtain military aid from his
friend president Lincoln.
During the Birth of Rizal
o Italians and Germans succeeded in unifying their own countries
o The Italians under the leadership of Count Cavour and of Garibaldi and his army of Red Shirts
drove out the Austrians and French armies from Italy and proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy under
King Victor Emmanuel with Rome as Capital.
o The Prussians led by Otto von Bismarck, the Iron Chancellor defeated France in the Franco-
Prussian war and established the German Empire on Jan. 18, 1871, with King Wilhelm of Prussia
as the First Kaiser of the German Empire.
o With the defeat of Emperor Napoleon his Second French Empire Collapsed and over its ruin, the
Third French Republic arose, with Adolph Thiers as first President.
The time of Rizal saw the flowering of Western Imperialism.
o England emerged as the worlds leading imperialist power.
o During glorious reign of Queen Victoria the British people asserted: Britannia Rules the Waves.
o Britain won in the First Opium war (1840-1842) against the tottering Chinese Empire under the
Manchu dynasty, and acquired the island of Hong Kong (Fragrant Harbor).
o In the Second Opium War (1856- 1860) Britain won again and forced the Manchu Dynasty to
cede Kowloon Peninsula.
o After suppressing the Indian Rebellion and dismantling the Mogul Empire, she imposed her raj
(rule) over the sub-continent of India. (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh).
o By winning the Three Anglo-Burmese war, she conquered Burma.
The Philippines during Rizals Time
o The sinister shadows of Spains decadence darkened the Philippine Skies.
Different evils done by the Spanish authorities in the Philippines.
The Filipinos in this time were unfortunate victims of the evils of an unjust, biased and deteriorating
power.
o Instability of colonial administration o Maladministration of Justice
o Corrupt Colonial Officials o Racial Discrimination
o No Philippine Representation in o Frailocracy
Spanish Cortes o Forced Labor
o Human Rights Denied to Filipinos o Haciendas Owned by the Friars
o No Equality before the Law
Events that led to the positive change in the lives of the Filipinos.
o The opening of the Philippines to the o The Opening of the Suez Canal
International or World trade. (Ferdinand De Lesseps).
o The Rise of the middle class. o The Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
o The secularization controversy. o Propaganda Movement
o The influx of Liberal ideas from
Europe
The Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
o The unjust execution of fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora was a turning
point in the history of the Philippines. It marked the beginning of a new era for the Filipinos as
the propaganda period.
Propaganda Movement
o A peaceful campaign organization using literary endeavor as mouthpiece to publicize the
political, economic, and religious problems in the colony.
o Specific Goals in this Movement are:
Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes (Spanish parliament).
Secularization of the clergy.
Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality.
Creation of a public school system independent of friars.
Abolition of the polo (labor service) and bandala (Forced sale of local products to the
government).
Guarantee of basic freedom of speech and association.
Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spaniards to enter government service.
Note: Rizal was the most outstanding among the propagandist (December 30, 1896)
The books the propagandist wrote
o Those books awake the senses of the Filipinos to have a better living under the Spaniard era and
to took arms and fight for independence.
o Books of Dr. Jose Rizal are the following:
Noli Me Tangere
El Filibusterismo To the Filipino Youth
The Indolence of the Mi Ultimo Adios
Filipinos Organization of La Liga
Philippines: A Century Filipina
Hence

References: (1)https://prezi.com/_sjfwvfaolg-/the-philippines-of-rizals-time-19th-century/# (2)

https://www.slideshare.net/marahbagunu/rizal-and-his-time (3) https://www.slideshare.net/lelolewashawa/the-world-during-rizals-
time#! (4) https://www.slideshare.net/lalay_17/development-of-nationalism-edited