JUNE 2012

HOW TO PLAN MHPP

By IFNU SETYADI G

Section 1 : Basic Knowlege of MHP

PRINCIPAL MHP SCHEME
 EXAMPLE : MHP SCHEME

Workers Village
Tea Factory

Storage Pond

Intake & Sandtrap

Penstock

Powerhouse
Headrace Canal
OTHER SCHEME 1
There are of course many
variations on the design layout of
the system. As an example, the
water is entered directly to the
turbine from a channel without a
penstock. This type is the simplest
method to get the waterpower.
OTHER SCHEME - 2
Another variation is that the channel could be eliminated, and the penstock will run
directly to the turbine. Variations like this will depend on the characteristics of the
particular site and the requirements of the user of system.
CONCEPT OF MHP
A hydro scheme requires both water flow and a drop in
height (referred to as Head) to produce useful power.
The power conversion absorbs power in the form of
head and flow, and delivering power in the form of
electricity or mechanical shaft power.

Drop head can directly to get from drop water

fall/irrigation or from slope of river
POWER
CALCULATION

to determine the hydro

potential of water flowing
from the river or stream,
it have to know the flow
rate of the water and
the head through
which the water can
fall, as defined in the
following:

The flow rate is the quantity of water flowing past a point at a given time. Typical
units used for flow rate are cubic metres per second (m3/s), litres per second (lps).

The head is the vertical height in metres (m) from the level where the water enters
the intake pipe (penstock) to the level where the water leaves the turbine housing
P = Q x H x g x E0

P = Power output in kW
Q = Usable flow rate in m3/s
H = Gross head in m
g = Gravitational constant (9.8 m/s2)
E0 = Efficiency factor of system (0.8 to 0.9)
KOMPONEN PLTM

Intake Bendung
KOMPONEN PLTM

Kolam pengendap lumpur Saluran pelimpas

 Saluran
penghantar

Saluran penghantar
Saluran pelimpas

Kolam pengendap
lumpur

Jalan Inspeksi Saluran

Saluran Tertutup
Headpond (Bak Penenang)
Saluran pelimpas headpond
Pipa Penstock Saluran pelimpas
 FRANCIS

PELTON
STUDI KASUS
 Aliran turbulen

Volume saluran pelimpas

relatif kecil. Ketika terjadi shut down
aliran balik air akan menaikkan muka
air di saluran karena kemampuan
Peredaman momentum di head pond kurang

Kecepatan aliran masih relatif tinggi

Terjadi olakan /turbulen yang cukup besar
Service area head pond dengan akses buangan sampah
Sampah, batu masuk melalui head pond. Kurang pembersihan
Karet seal tambahan yg di klem
untuk mencegah kebocoran

Air dari release valve

langsung terbuang ke
tanah, perlu dibuat drainase
Kupasan tanah rawan erosi dan scoring
Transformer tidak di pagar
DANGER

Transformer di pagar
SALURAN DITUTUP KARENA RAWAN LONGSOR PADA LERENG