Anatomy of the Heart

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 The Heart
Location
Thorax between the
lungs
Approximately at the
level of the 5th
intercostal space
Pointed apex directed
toward left hip
Heart is approximately
the size of your fist

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Heart: Coverings
Pericardium a double
serous membrane
Visceral pericardium
Next to heart
Parietal pericardium
Outside layer

Serous fluid fills the

space between the
layers of pericardium to
allow the heart to beat
easily in a frictionless
environment
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Three layers of the Heart wall
Epicardium
- external surface of the heart

Myocardium
- thick bundles of cardiac
muscles
- this is the layer that
contracts

Endocardium
- thin, glistening sheath of
endothelium that lines the
heart chambers

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Ligamentum arteriosum
ligamentum arteriosum (or
arterial ligament) is a small
ligament attached to the
superior surface of the left
pulmonary artery and the
aorta
nonfunctional
vestige/remnant of the
ductus arteriosus in the fetal
heart

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Internal Heart Anatomy

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 The Heart: Chambers
Right and left side act as separate
pumps
Four chambers
Atria
Receiving chambers
Right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood
from the veins of the
body through the
superior and inferior
vena cava
Left atrium receives
oxygenated blood
through the pulmonary
veins Figure 11.2c
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Heart: Chambers
Ventricles
discharging
chambers
inferior thick
walled chambers
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

Figure 11.2c
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Interventricular or
interatrial septum
septum that divides the
heart longitudinally
depending on which
chamber it divides or
separates

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 The Heart: Valves
Allow blood to flow in only
one direction
Four valves
Atrioventricular valves
between atria and
ventricles
Bicuspid or Mitral
valve (left)
Tricuspid valve
(right)

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Heart: Valves

Semilunar valves
between ventricle and
artery
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar
valve

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Heart: Valves
Valves open as blood
is pumped through
Held in place by
chordae tendineae
(heart strings)
Chordae tendineae are
attached to the
papillary muscles
valves close to prevent
Chordae tendineae
backflow of blood

Papillary muscles

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Fossa ovalis
depression in the right
atrium of the heart
remnant of a thin fibrous
sheet that covered the foramen
ovale during fetal development

During fetal development, the

foramen ovale allows blood to pass
from the right atrium to the left
atrium, bypassing the nonfunctional
fetal lungs while the fetus obtains its
oxygen from the placenta.

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Trabeculae carnae
Large, smooth,
irregular muscular
ridges along the inside
walls of the ventricles

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Pectinate muscle
prominent ridges
located on the inner
surface of the right
atrium

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Heart: Associated Great Vessels
Superior and Inferior
vena cava
Enter the right Superior vena cava
atrium
Two largest veins of
the body
Carry oxygen poor
(deoxygenated)
blood to the right
atrium

Inferior vena cava

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Pulmonary trunk
Branches into
right and left
pulmonary arteries Pulmonary arteries
Leaves the right Pulmonary trunk
ventricle
Carries oxygen
poor(deoxygenate
d) blood to the
lungs for
oxygenation

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Left common carotid artery

Aorta Brachiocephalic artery

Leaves left ventricle Left subclavian artery
Carries and
distributes oxygen
rich blood in all Aorta
arteries
Blood returned to the
left side of the heart
is pumped out of the
heart into the aorta
from which the
systemic arteries
branch to supply all
body tissues

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Blue- aorta
Red aortic arch
Yellow
descending aorta

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Pulmonary veins (four)
Enter left atrium
Carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the left
atrium

Pulmonary veins

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Blood Circulation
The circulation from the right
side of the heart to the lungs
and back to the left side of the
heart is called
PULMONARY
CIRCULATION
its only function is to carry
blood to the lungs for gas
exchange and return it to the
heart

Figure 11.3
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Blood Circulation
The second circuit from the
left side of the heart to the
body tissues is called
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
It supplies oxygen rich blood
to all body organs

Figure 11.3
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Aortic arch
Superior Left pulmonary artery
vena cava Branches of left
Branches of 4 4 pulmonary arteries
right pulmonary 8
Pulmonary trunk
arteries 5
Pulmonary veins
Aortic semilunar
valve 5
Left atrium
Pulmonary 6
3
veins
Pulmonary semilunar 7 Bicuspid valve
valve 1
Right atrium

Left ventricle
Tricuspid valve
2 Interventricular septum
Papillary muscles
Right ventricle

Inferior
(a) vena cava

1 2 3 4
Superior and Pulmonary
Right Tricuspid Right Pulmonary Pulmonary
inferior vena semilunar
atrium valve ventricle trunk arteries
cava valves
Coronary sinus
Cardiac veins

Body tissues Heart tissue Lung tissue

(systemic (coronary (pulmonary
circulation) circulation) circulation)

Coronary
arteries
Aortic
Left Bicuspid Left Pulmonary
Aorta semilunar
ventricle valve atrium veins
valves

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, 8Inc., publishing as Benjamin7Cummings 6 5

(b)
 REVIEWER
ANATOMY OF THE HEART

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Identify the structures

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Identify the structures

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Trace the flow of the
blood from the lower
extremity to the lungs
Trace the flow of the
blood from the lungs to
the head

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Identify the numbered structures

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Identify the parts

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Identify the pointed structures

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings