ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESMENT (TM-4235)

Oleh:
Hari Saputra 12213001
Deoky Pandu Dewanto 12213009
Denni Fariz Subekti 12213086
Eric Chandra Junianto 12213099
Taekim Jun

PROGRAM STUDY OF PETROLEUM

FACULTY OF MINING AND PETROLEUM
INSTITUTE TCHNOLOGY OF BANDUNG
2017
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF PICTURE ..................................................................................................... 5

LIST OF TABLE ......................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 7
1.1. Background ....................................................................................................... 7
1.2. Activity Objectives and Benefit ....................................................................... 8
1.2.1. Objectives .................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2. Benefit .......................................................................................................... 9
1.3. Regulation .......................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER II BUSSINESS PLAN AND / OR ACTIVITY .................................... 10
2.1. Environmental Impact Assesment Preparers ........................................... 10
2.1.1. Project Originator....................................................................................... 10
2.1.2. Identity of Environmental Impact Assesment Project ............................... 10
2.2. Project Discription ....................................................................................... 11
2.2.1. Project Location ......................................................................................... 11
2.2.2. The proposed project Overview ................................................................. 11
2.2.3. Surface Locations....................................................................................... 12
2.2.3.1. ABC Field .......................................................................................... 12
2.2.3.2. Proposed Project Design Philosophy ................................................. 13
2.2.4. Engineering and Detailed Design .............................................................. 14
2.2.4.1. Applicable Standards and Codes ....................................................... 14
2.2.4.2. Quality Assurance of Design ............................................................. 15
2.2.4.3. Well Trajectory Design ...................................................................... 15
2.2.4.4. Wellhead Design ................................................................................ 16
2.2.4.4.1. Horizontal Wells.......................................................................... 16
2.2.4.4.2. Convention Deviated Wells ......................................................... 16
2.2.4.5. Casing Design ..................................................................................... 17
2.2.4.6. Well Completion Design..................................................................... 17
2.2.4.5.1 New Well Completion Design/Philosophy ................................... 17
2.2.5. Gas lift Requirement .................................................................................. 19
2.2.6. Production Commingling ........................................................................... 19
2.2.7. Well Safety Enhancement .......................................................................... 19
2.2.8. Drilling Rig Selection ................................................................................ 21
2.2.9. Mud Systems .............................................................................................. 22
2.2.9.1. Surface Hole (16" for Conventional or 12-1/4" for horizontal) .......... 23
2.2.9.2. Build Section (8-1/2" for horizontal) .................................................. 23
2.2.9.2.1. Production hole Section (12-1/4" for Conventional wells) .......... 23
2.2.9.2.2. Drain Hole (6") ............................................................................ 23
2.2.10. Cementation ............................................................................................. 23
2.2.12. Waste Management .................................................................................. 24
2.2.13. Production Operations Plan ..................................................................... 24
2.2.13.1. Production Facilities ......................................................................... 24
2.2.13.2. Campaign Operations and Maintenance ........................................... 31
2.2.13.3. Materials and Logistics ..................................................................... 37
2.2.14. Production Operations CASHES Aspects ............................................... 38

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 2.2.15. Well Decommissioning/Abandonment .................................................... 40
2.3. Alternatives Presented in ANDAL ............................................................. 40
2.4. Relantionship Business Plan and / or activities with surrounding .......... 41
CHAPTER III LIVING ENVIRONMENT ............................................................. 43
3.1. Relief/Topography .......................................................................................... 43
3.2. Climate and Meteorology ............................................................................... 43
3.2.1. Rainfall ....................................................................................................... 44
3.2.2. Relative Humidity ...................................................................................... 44
3.2.3. Wind Speed and Direction ......................................................................... 45
3.2.4. Air Quality and Noise ................................................................................ 45
3.3. Soil, Agriculture and Land Use Studies ........................................................ 46
3.3.1. Soil ............................................................................................................. 46
3.3.2. Agriculture ................................................................................................. 46
3.3.3. Soil Texture................................................................................................ 47
3.3.4. Soil pH ....................................................................................................... 48
3.3.5. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) ............................................................. 48
3.3.6. Electrical Conductivity .............................................................................. 49
3.3.7. Chloride...................................................................................................... 49
3.3.8. Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Contents .......................................................... 49
3.3.9. Heavy Metals ............................................................................................. 49
3.4. Vegetation ........................................................................................................ 50
3.4.1. Vegetation Profile ...................................................................................... 50
3.4.2. Land Use Types ......................................................................................... 51
3.4.2.1. Built Up ............................................................................................... 51
3.4.2.2.Farmlands/Home gardens .................................................................... 51
3.4.2.3. The freshwater swamp forest .............................................................. 51
3.4.2.4. Aquatic Macrophytes .......................................................................... 52
3.4.3. Plant Species Diversity .............................................................................. 53
3.5. Wild Life .......................................................................................................... 53
3.6. Aquatic Life ..................................................................................................... 54
3.6.1. Surface Water Quality................................................................................ 54
3.6.2. Microbiological Studies ............................................................................. 55
3.6.3. Fisheries Studies ........................................................................................ 55
3.7. Sediment........................................................................................................... 56
3.8. Social and Health Impact Studies .................................................................. 56
3.8.1. Social Impact Studies ................................................................................. 56
3.8.1.1. Demography........................................................................................ 56
3.8.1.2. Political Organization ......................................................................... 57
3.8.1.3. Quality of life ...................................................................................... 58
3.8.1.4. Road and Transportation ..................................................................... 58
3.8.1.5. Education ............................................................................................ 59
3.8.2. Health Risk Assessment ............................................................................. 59
CHAPTER IV STUDY SCOPE ................................................................................ 62
4.1. EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACT ............................................... 62
4.1.1. Upper Section............................................................................................. 62
CHAPTER V .............................................................................................................. 66
POTENTIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................................................. 66
5.1. General ............................................................................................................. 66

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 5.2. Principles of Impact Prediction and Evaluation .......................................... 66
5.3. Impact Assessment and Methodology ........................................................... 66
5.3.1. The Overlay Technique.............................................................................. 66
5.3.2. Leoplad Matrix........................................................................................... 67
5.3.3. Battelle Environmental Evaluation System ............................................... 67
5.3.4. Peterson Matrix .......................................................................................... 67
5.4. Screening and Scoping the Potential Impacts .............................................. 67
5.5. Potential Impact Evaluation .......................................................................... 71
5.6. Detailed Description of Potential Impacts .................................................... 73
5.6.1. Rig Mobilization ........................................................................................ 73
5.6.2. Drilling ....................................................................................................... 74
5.6.2.1. Drilling Fluid Cuttings ........................................................................ 74
5.6.2.2. Sewage and Sanitary Wastes .............................................................. 74
5.6.2.3. Accidental Oil Spill............................................................................. 74
5.6.3. Impact due to Dredging ............................................................................. 74
5.6.4. Impact due to Flowline Installation ........................................................... 75
5.6.5. Gaseous Emission ...................................................................................... 75
5.6.6.mpact on Fishing ......................................................................................... 75
5.6.7. Impact on Well blow-out ........................................................................... 75
5.6.8. Beneficial Impacts ..................................................................................... 76
5.7. Risk Assessment .............................................................................................. 76
5.7.1. Assessment of Hazards .............................................................................. 76
5.7.2. Project Risk Management .......................................................................... 77
5.7.3. Health, Safety, and Environmental Management in Field ABC ................ 77
CHAPTER VI............................................................................................................. 78
IMPORTANT IMPACT EVALUATION ............................................................... 78
6.1. General ................................................................................................................. 78
6.2. Process Monitoring and Control Technology................................................... 78
6.3. Important Impact Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 78
CHAPTER VII ........................................................................................................... 83
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................ 83
7.1. General ............................................................................................................. 83
7.2. Purpose and Objectives .................................................................................. 83
7.3. Environmental Management Plan................................................................. 84
CHAPTER VIII ......................................................................................................... 98
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ......................................................... 98
8.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 98

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 LIST OF PICTURE

Figure 2.1 ABC Catchment Area ................................................................................ 11

Figure 2.2. ABC prospects .......................................................................................... 12
Figure 2.3. Completion Diagram ABC H ................................................................... 12
Figure 2.4 Production Facility in the area ................................................................... 25
Figure 3.1. Brass Creek A major drainage feature in the area ................................ 51
Figure 3.2. A farmland in the study area .................................................................... 52
Figure 3.3. Farming on dredge-spoil along bank of Bomadi Creek ........................... 52

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 LIST OF TABLE

Table 2.1. The Current Status of ACA Wells and Safety Plans .............................. 20
Table 2.2. The minimum specifications for the swamp drilling rig......................... 22
Table 2.3. The operating conditions of the IFS ....................................................... 29
Table 2.4. Transportation requirement..................................................................... 37
Table 3.1. Mean Maximum Temperature in oC ...................................................... 44
Table 3.2. Decade Average Total Rainfall Records in mm ..................................... 44
Table 3.3. Mean Temperature and Rainfall Records ............................................... 44
Table 3.4 wind speed and direction within ABC field area (Dry season) ............... 45
Table 3.5. Air Sample Quality Measurement .......................................................... 45
Table 3.6. Physical-Chemical characteristic of Soil ................................................ 47
Table 3.7. Particle Size Distribution in Soils of ABC field area ............................. 48
Table 3.8. Plant Species diversity and agricultural landuse..................................... 53
Table 3.9. List of wildlife species in general ........................................................... 54
Table 3.10. list of commonest fish species .............................................................. 55
Table 3.11. Demographic profile of the ABC field area.......................................... 56
Table 3.12. Family size distribution of communities .............................................. 57
Table 3.13. Health Risk Exposure Matrix (Health sensitiveness) ........................... 60
Table 5.1 Environmental Components and Potential Impact Indicators ................. 68
Table 5.2 Potential and Associated Impact Identification Checklist ....................... 69
Table 5.3 Impact Evaluation Matrix ........................................................................ 72
Table 5.4 HSE Risk Matrix ...................................................................................... 76
Table 6.1. The proposed mitigation measures ......................................................... 79
Table 7.1. The Environmental Management Plan ................................................... 85
Table 8.1. Matrix Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................. 100

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background
The government's target for energy fulfillment in accordance with national
development plans and private stretching to develop the region will make the need for
energy increasing. One of the main needs in infrastructure development is oil. To that
end, oil producers in Indonesia, both state-owned and private, are trying to increase
production capacity to meet market needs.
Bandung United Ltd. intends to further develop the Benisede Catchment Area
(ABC) Field. The field development is aimed at boosting oil output and to also test
neighbouring prospects. The Benisede Catchment Area (BCA) Field Development
Plan (FDP) Phase 2 covers the lifecycle re-development plan of the Benisede
Catchment Area i.e. Benisede field. The plan presents a base case development
scenario targeting 400 MMSTB of reserves through the drilling of about 20 wells.
The Benisede Catchment Area (BCA) Field which is in the swamp, was

discovered in 2017, and based on recent 3-D seismic survey, there are plans to drill

more wells in the field. The BCA Field is a three-in-one field comprising Benisede,
Akono and Opomoyo fields. The objective of the proposed project is to develop the

remaining reserves in these fields and test neighbouring exploration prospects. The

proposed phase 2 project, shall be carried out in the Southern Swamp Area of the
Western Division of SPDC, and would involve the drilling of about 11 wells and
laying about 60km of flowlines to an upgraded Benisede flowstation. It is envisaged

that about 301.9 Hectares of land will be taken for the project, which will also

involve dredging activities. About 184 weeks will be spent on the proposed project,
i.e. 24 weeks on the flowline and jacket construction phase and about 160 weeks on
the drilling activities. The well drilling phase of the project will require about 100

men on site. Recent studies show an undeveloped oil reserve, which stands at about

63% of remaining reserves. Consequently, the plan to redevelop the BCA field is
aimed at exploiting these undeveloped reserves.
Environmental documents that must be met by petroleum business owners are
then regulated in PP. 27 of 2012 on Environmental Permit. Based on the planned
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location in Tanjung Redeb, Kalimantan, this activity is included in the mandatory
AMDAL category based on the Ministerial Regulation no. 5 of 2012 because it is
directly adjacent to the protected area. Oil activities in Tanjung Radep become one of
the main sources of livelihoods of residents. Thus, the increased activity would have a
positive impact on the economic growth in the area due to the opening of land for
employment and a source of revenue for the region. But behind the benefits to be
gained from the development of the field, these activities have the potential to impact
on the environment, both on the face of the earth, waters, flora, fauna, and
surrounding communities.
Therefore, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment is needed so that
it can be planned for mining activities that take account of environmental
management in its location. The study approach used is the area because it will be
held production operations, namely mining and offices located in Tanjung Radep

1.2. Activity Objectives and Benefit

1.2.1. Objectives
The objectives of the EIA study include the following:

to determine the baseline ecological conditions of the study area;

to determine the environmental sensitivities prevalent in the area;

to identify, evaluate, and predict the impact of the project on the ecological,
socio-economic and cultural settings with adequate interfacing and project

interaction;

to identify health hazards that may result from the different phases of the

project and evaluate local population exposure to these hazards.

to develop control strategies with a view to mitigating and ameliorating

significant impacts that the projects would have on the totality of measurable

environmental characteristics;

to develop a cost effective Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the

impacts identified.

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1.2.2. Benefit
The Development Project is very economically, socially and
technologically beneficial for local, regional and national interests. These
benefits include:
1. Availability of liquid hydrocarbons
2. Increased revenue for Tanjung Radep.
3. Provide job and business opportunities for local, regional and national
communities
4. Improved ability of the nation in the mastery of oil production technology.
In addition to the economically, socially and technically profitable, the
implementation of the Development Project is expected to have a negative impact
on some components of the environment. Therefore Bandung Ltd. Intends to carry
out an Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) study prior to physical development
in the field.

1.3. Regulation
This is in accordance with the company's commitment to participate in
realizing environmental protection on every activity undertaken. In addition,
related to Law no. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management, Government
Regulation no. Law No. 27/1999 on Environmental Impact Assessment
(AMDAL), as well as the Regulation of the State Minister for the Environment.
11 of 2006 on Types of Business Plans and / or Activities Required to be Fitted
with Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL). The results of the AMDAL
study are basically information on various components of activities that are
expected to have significant and positive impacts that are positive and negative,
the environmental feasibility assessment of the planned activities and the
alternative environmental management and monitoring plans to be undertaken.

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 CHAPTER II
BUSSINESS PLAN AND / OR ACTIVITY

2.1.Environmental Impact Assesment Preparers

2.1.1. Project Originator
Proponent of the Business Plan:
Company : Bandung Ltd.
Address : Ciburuy-Padalarang St. 25, Tanjung Radep, Berau
City, East Kalimantan
Telp. Number : 08123191282
Person in Charge : Sun Jun, S.T., M.T., Ph.D

2.1.2. Identity of Environmental Impact Assesment Project

A. Name and Address of the Institution
Company : Pusat Studi Lingkungan hidup Institut
Teknologi Bandung
Address : Ganeca St., Lebak Siliwingi, Bandung
Email : pplhITB@itb.ac.id
Telp. Number : (0274) 574628

B. Person in Charge EIA

Name : Dr. Padi Sugiharto
Company : Head of Pusat Studi Lingkungan hidup Institut
Teknologi Bandung
Address : Ganeca St., Lebak Siliwingi, Bandung
Email : padisugiharto@itb.ac.id
Telp. Number : (0274) 574628

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2.2. Project Discription
This chapter presents the technical details of the proposed ABC Field
Development Phase (FDP) Project. This includes the proposed ABC Field project
location, project activities, design philosophy, wellhead design, drilling
operations, mud programs, etc.

2.2.1. Project Location

The ABC Field is located in Kalimantan region of OMLs 35 and
46 (Fig. 3.0), about 65 km South-South-West of Warri (Map 1, Appendix
I). It is situated between latitudes 2.1390 N and 117.4909N and longitudes
0.1209 and 117.4800E and is located within two local government areas;
Tanjung Redeb in Delta and Bontang.

ABC + Prospect
Duki
Cinca

Figure 2.1 ABC Catchment Area

2.2.2. The Proposed Project Overview

The ABC Catchment Area FDP project covers the lifecycle
redevelopment plan of the ABC Catchment Area (ACA) i.e. ABC field
and prospects, Duki and Cinca fields (Fig. 3.1). Eleven (11) new wells (8
in ABC and 2 in Cinca and 1 in Duki) will be drilled and this will be made
up of 9 horizontal wells and 2 conventional wells. Also in the plan is the
laying of about 50 km of oil flowlines. In order to realise a gaslift gain
(license period) of about 15.7 MMstb, a 20 km long 6" HP line will be laid

11
 from the ABC flowstation to the Randi-CPF when completed. Some 33
km of lift gas distribution lines will also be laid between the flowstation
and wells requiring lift-gas in ABC field.

Triangle SW
Triangle
Field
Field
ABC G
Prospect
ABC Field

ABC D
Prspect

ABC E ABC C
Prspect Prospect
Cinca
Field
Duki
Field
Figure 2.2. ABC prospects

2.2.3. Surface Locations

2.2.3.1. ABC Field
The wells in ABC field will be drilled from four surface
locations consisting of two new locations and two location extensions.
One well (S1S7T3C*) will be drilled as a stand-alone from a new
location. This is because the appraisal objectives of the well require it
to be drilled as a fault scooper and no existing well location is
optimally placed to allow this. The second stand-alone well, ABC D9-
E, (see Fig. 3.2) will be drilled from the extension of ABC-11 location.
The remaining two locations will be clusters. One of the cluster
locations will be constructed from a new area and will have three wells
(S7H9, S1H and T3H). The other cluster location will be an extension
of ABC-3 location and will have three wells (S7C, R7H, S2H2*). Thus

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 the ABC well construction operation will require the dredging of some
2.32 hectares (excluding access routes) of land.

Figure 2.3 Completion Diagram ABC H

2.2.3.2. Proposed Project Design Philosophy

A nodal development philosophy has been applied in developing a full
lifecycle FDP for the matured ABC field and neighbouring fields. The
strategy adopted leverages on the firm and committed Sustainable
Development programme involving the building of gas gathering facilities, a
new oil and gas processing facility and additional ullage capacity via the SS-
AGG project.
This FDP includes notional future development activities closely tied
to additional ullage availability created by the SS-AGG project. Gas lift gains
are to be reappraised towards the currently estimated ETT. An HP line is to
be laid from the Randi CPF if considered still viable and providing that
compression ullage will be available as presently forecasted.

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2.2.4. Engineering and Detailed Design
2.2.4.1. Applicable Standards and Codes
All Design and Engineering Practice (DEP) and BANDUNG
UNITED Ltd. standards and codes, applicable to various aspects of oil and gas
projects such as mechanical, process, corrosion, pipeline, flowlines, and HSE
shall be followed in the ABC Catchment Area FDP project. In general, the
project will be designed in accordance with:
Relevant Indonesian Government Legislation;
Project Specification and Concept;
BANDUNG UNITED LTD. Specification and Standard;
Design and Engineering Practices (DEPs),
HSE Manuals;
API RP 2A-WSD: Recommended Practices for Planning, Designing and
Construction Fixed Drilling Platforms Working Stress Design, 20th
edition; July, 1993.
API Spec 2B Fabrication for Fabricated Structural Steel Pipe
API RP 2G Recommended Practice for Production Facilities on Drilling
Structure BANDUNG UNITED LTD. Chapter Three EIA of ABC
Catchment Area Phase II Field Development Plan June, 2005 Page 59 of
253
APE Spec 2H Specification for Carbon Manganese Steel Plate for Drilling
Tubular Joints
API 5L Specification for Line Pipe
AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code Steel
API Standard 1104 Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
API RP 1111 Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of
Drilling Hydrocarbon Pipelines
ASME/ANSI B31.3 Chemical Plants and Petroleum Refinery Piping
API RP 14C Recommended Practice for Design and Installation, and
Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Drilling Production Platforms
API RP 14E Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of
Drilling Production Platform Piping Systems
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

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 Instrument Society of America (ISA) Recommended Practices
API RP 500 Recommended Practice for Classification of Location for
Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities.

2.2.4.2. Quality Assurance of Design

BANDUNG UNITED Ltd. will consider a quality assurance which
defines certain basic parameters in the design of the overall project
specifications of the various phases / aspects and components of the project.
To ensure the full realization of the objectives of the project,
BANDUNG UNITED Ltd. has specified the following basic parameters in
the design, which include:
Simplicity and fit-for- purpose design to reduce cost;
Minimization of redundancy in design and pre-investment for future
expansion;
Compliance with statutory requirements;
Life expectancy;
Production availability;
Environment and safety; and
Operability and maintainability
At the implementation stage, BANDUNG UNITED LTD. will
ensure that the above quality objectives are met by ensuring that:
Design are executed via the use of verified and validated methods and design
tools;
Input parameters to the design are reviewed and checked for inconsistencies
and errors;
All design documents have a clear audit trial with respect to authorship,
checking and approval signatories/authorities; and
Specific quality practices and resources needed to meet the requirements of
BANDUNG UNITED LTD. and all regulatory bodies are explicitly defined.

2.2.4.3. Well Trajectory Design

The evaluation of the collision risks with existing and new well
trajectories, using factor as the criterion, show that the collision risks is

15
 acceptable. A separation factor greater than 1.5 was maintained in the top-hole
and deeper intervals. To avoid crooked hole, the dogleg severity was limited to
1-2/100ft in the top hole and less than 5/100ft in the deeper hole section.

2.2.4.4. Wellhead Design

2.2.4.4.1. Horizontal Wells
Conventional or multi-bowl wellhead system can be used for the ACA
FDP. For horizontal wells, this will consist of the following:
11" x 9-5/8" x 5K CHH to be installed on the 9-5/8" casing (complete with
seal assembly, 11" x 7-1/16 x 5K DCB, running tools, side outlet valve).
A solid block X-mas tree 7-1/16" x 5K (with preparation for control line,
wing valve, choke box and SSV).
This option can be used for all the horizontal wells in this development.
However four of the horizontal wells can be slimmed down to 7" surface
casing. For the slimmed down horizontal wells, the wellhead will consist
of the following:
11" x 7" x 5K CHH to be installed on the 7" casing (complete with seal
assembly, 11" x 7-1/16 x 5K DCB, running tools, side outlet valve).
A solid block X-mas tree 5-1/16" x 5K (with preparation for control line,
wing valve, choke box and SSV).
This option can be used for ABC R6H, R7H, R7H1 and S1H

2.2.4.4.2. Convention Deviated Wells

The conventional or multi-bowl wellhead system would be used for the
conventional deviated wells (S1S7T3C* and S7C) and would consist of
the following:
13-5/8" x 13-3/8" x 5K CHH to be installed on the 13-3/8" casing
(complete with seal assembly, 13-3/8" x 11 x 5K DCB, running tools,
side outlet valve.
A solid block X-mas tree 11" x 5K (with preparation for 2 control lines,
wing valves, choke boxes and SSVs)
However the S7C conventional well would be slimmed down to:

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 11" x 7" x 5K CHH to be installed on the 7" casing (complete with seal
assembly, 11" x 7-1/16 x 5K DCB, running tools, side outlet valve).
A solid block X-mas tree 5-1/16" x 5K (with preparation for control line,
wing valve, choke box and SSV).

2.2.4.5. Casing Design

There are two basic well designs for the planned wells in this
development. The horizontal wells are designed for three-hole sections viz.:
12-1/4" surface hole> 8-1/2" build up section to landing in the reservoir
> 6" drain hole.
The convention deviated wells will have two hole sections viz.:
16" surface hole > 12-1/4" production hole for dual 3-1/2" production
tubing.
12-1/4" surface hole > 8-1/2" production hole for single 4-1/2" or 3-1/2"
tubing.
The casing schemes for the horizontal and conventional deviated wells
will be respectively:
24" SP (driven) > 9-5/8" (47ppf, N80) > 7" liner (29ppf, N80) > 4-1/2"
slotted liner (13.3ppf, N80) or excluder screens.
24" SP (driven) > 13-3/8" (68ppf, K55) > 9-5/8" (47ppf, N80) for the
16" surface hole option.
24" SP (driven) > 9-5/8" (47ppf, N80) > 7" liner (29ppf, N80) for the
12- 1/4" surface hole option.

2.2.4.6. Well Completion Design

2.2.4.6.1 New Well Completion Design/Philosophy
The completion designs are simple, proven and fit-for-purpose
aimed at maximizing offtake rates without compromising ultimate
recovery and well integrity. The new wells will be completed in a
manner that will minimise well intervention but allow through tubing
well intervention using wireline or coil tubing whenever required to
maximise life cycle value of the wells. Attempt is made to avoid
mechanical complexity associated with existing completions that make

17
well intervention very hallenging. Of the eleven new wells identified in
this development, 2 are conventional and 9 are horizontal. Additionally,
there is one existing well identified for workover.

Conventional Wells Design

Two new conventional wells: Bens-C* and Bens-C (Fig. 3.3)
and 1 workover are planned in this development. Bens-C* will have
cemented 9-5/8 production casing and completed as a two string dual
(TSD) with 3-1/2 tubing strings in the S1.0 and S7.0 reservoirs. Bens-C
will be completed as a mono-bore with 4-1/2 tubing on the S7.0
reservoir with an upside on the S2.0 reservoir. While the workover will
be recompleted as single with a 3-/12 tubing. All the completion
intervals need sand control and will be sand consolidated (SCON) for
sand control except when the interval to be perforated exceeds 12 ft.
This is due to higher productivity of SCON over gravel pack and
accessibility through tubing re-entries for well repairs. The conceptual
completion diagrams are shown ahead.

Horizontal wells
Five horizontal wells in ABC will be completed as single string
with 4-1/2 tubing while the remaining one will be completed with 31/2
tubing. One of the horizontal wells in ABC, which will be completed on
T3, will also be completed on S8 but placed behind sleeve. The
production intervals of the horizontal wells will be lined and uncemented
but will have sand control installed. The Sand control methods selected
are WWS and OHGP/ESS. This is because of the relatively
unconsolidated nature of the reservoirs, which require sand control
installation to minimise sand production. The two horizontal wells in
Cinca would be completed as single string with 4-1/2 tubing. The sand
control method will be WWS and SL respectively. Slotted liner will be
used in the more consolidated sand (F3.0). The only horizontal well to be
drilled and completed in Duki on the F2.0 reservoir will be completed as
a single string with 5-1/2 tubing due to the high rate expected (15000

18
 b/d). Slotted liner can be deployed in the horizontal section since the sand
is fairly consolidated.

2.2.5. Gas lift Requirement

Currently, the reservoirs in ACA are producing naturally and can
sustain flow to ca. 70% BSW. Incremental recoveries in wells that benefit
from gaslift range from 0.18-12.45 Mstb. Many new wells in ABC showed
incremental recoveries due to gaslift. Hence all new wells planned in ABC
will be equipped with gaslift mandrels. Only a few existing completed strings
showed incremental recoveries from gaslift since most wells are swept by
encroaching aquifer due to production from updip wells (new wells which are
crestally positioned inclusive). Eleven existing strings have gaslift mandrels
installed. Hence, existing wells requiring gaslift will either be workedover to
install gaslift mandrels or through tubing orifice check inserts will be used.
Lift gas requirement for ACA is estimated at a maximum of 7 mmscf/d at
optimum injection pressures of 1000-1500 psig.

2.2.6. Production Commingling

Production commingling opportunities are limited in the of ABC
development due to single targets in most wells planned. However, crude
sampling for geochemical fingerprinting analysis is in progress. When
completed, geochemical feasibility studies to determine if production
allocation using GFA is possible in ACA and the number of end-members that
can be combined. The results of these will be incorporated in the final plan of
the two conventional wells and one horizontal well (Bens-T3H which is also
completed on the S8 interval which is behind in the basecase). Also, smart
wells experiences acquired from the successful deployment of Smart Well
technologies across the group and other companies will be monitored and
learnings adopted for future development opportunities in ABC.

2.2.7. Well Safety Enhancement

Some wells in ACA were identified during the field review, which
require safety enhancements. The table (Table 3.0) summarises the current

19
status of these wells and plans in-place to address any outstanding safety
issues.

Table 2.1. The Current Status of ACA Wells and Safety Plans
Wells Safety Issues Status Plans for Time and
Rectification action party
Bens High Casing Presently Continue to Q1 2003
1L/S Head safe. monitor and PCW:PTC/W
Pressure bleed-off. If EL
pressure builds
up, Wire-line
work required
to locate and
isolate the
point of
communication.
If
unsuccessful ,
well will be
plugged and
secured
Bens 4S Com-unit will Com-unit It is planned to Closed out
not now operate fix the COM
operate on on auto units to operate
auto on auto or
change them
out.
Bens 14 Com-unit will Com-unit It is planned to Closed out
not now operate fix the COM
operate on on auto units to operate
auto on auto or
change them
out.
Bens Inaccessible Com-unit Maintain access Monthly
17L/S slots now to slots by PCW/STS2
due to water operates regularly
hycinth. on auto but clearing the
17L Com-unit access to weeds. It is
will slots still planned to fix
not operate on covered by the COM units
auto water to operate on

20
 hycinths auto or change
them out
Bens-9L Leaking C.I for A wireline Q1 2003
SCSSV Leaking barge to be PCW:PTC/W
SCSSV deployed to EL
changeout
leaking SCSSV
and restore
well back to
production in
Q12003.
Bens Inaccessible Slots still in Maintain access Q1 2003
22L/S slots accessible to slots by PCW/STS2
due to water and com- regularly
hycinth.22L unit clearing the
Comunit still not weeds. It is
will not operating on planned to fix
operate auto the COM units
on auto to operate on
auto or change
them out
Bens Inaccessible Slots now Maintain access Closed out
6L/S slots accessible to slots by
due to water regularly
hycinth clearing the
weeds
Bens Inaccessible Slots now Maintain access Closed out.
16L/S slots accessible to slots by
due to water regularly
hycinth clearing the
weeds

2.2.8. Drilling Rig Selection

The major drivers for rig selection are BANDUNG UNITED Ltd.s
drive to reduce impact on the environment, increase production, increase
operational efficiency and reduce well capex. A cluster-drilling rig is expected
to meet most of these requirements and is therefore the preferred rig type.
The other key factors in the rig selection are the rig rate and
operational efficiency (contractor experience, competence of staff and
equipment up time). Although the fields in ACA are not known for severe hole
problems, there are few deviated wells (six in ABC field; max 40 in ABC-8)

21
 and no horizontal wells. In view of the more complex nature of the new wells
and the need for well construction efficiency the rig should be equipped with a
top drive.

Table 2.2. The minimum specifications for the swamp drilling rig
MODU Swamp Barge
Type Cluster Drilling (minimum 6 wells)
Operating Envelope 16 ft x 8 ft
Moon Pool Area >40 ft x 20 ft
Water Depth 10 - 14 ft
Drilling Depth 15,000ft (measured depths)
Mast 1,200, klbs (9-5/8" 47# csg to 12000ft)
Draw Works
TDS TDS-4S or TDS-3H _ 33000 ft-lbs.
(torque rating)
BOPs 13-5/8" x 5000 psi minimum
Mud pumps Up to 1200 gpm; Up to 5000 psi surface
pressure
Mud Tanks Capable of handling POBM and WBM. _
3000 bbls storage
Bulking Capacity >= 9000 cu. Ft.
Deck load >=2500 short tons
Environmental Aspects Dry location concept
Security Ability to keep out unwanted visitors

2.2.9. Mud Systems

Water-based mud and Pseudo-oil based mud will used in different hole
sections. The mud weights for each hole section will be based on drilling
experience in the field as well as STABOR simulations (especially for the
build-up sections of horizontal wells).

22
2.2.9.1. Surface Hole (16" for Conventional or 12-1/4" for horizontal)
Water based mud (WBM) will be used drill surface hole sections of
horizontal or conventional wells. Typically Bentonite/CMC spud mud will
be used to commence
2.2.9.2. Build Section (8-1/2" for horizontal)
The build up section of horizontal wells to landing point will be
drilled with pseudo-oil based mud (POBM) to advantage of the performance
benefits of POBM in terms of borehole stability and lubricity. However,
drilling with POBM present some challenges with respect to the management
of drill cuttings in accordance with regulatory (DPR/FEPA) requirements.
2.2.9.2.1. Production hole Section (12-1/4" for Conventional wells)
The production hole section (i.e. below surface casing shoe) of
conventional deviated wells will also be drilled with pseudo-oil based mud
(POBM) for similar reasons and challenges as stated for the 8-1/2" build up
section of horizontal wells. The POBM mud cake clean up is not expected to
present production problems since the production intervals will be perforated
after casing and cementing.
2.2.9.2.2. Drain Hole (6")
The 6" drain hole sections of horizontal wells will be drilled with water
based mud. The mud will be calcium carbonate weighted KCl/Polymer mud.
This is preferred to POBM or barytes weighted WBM because of concerns
about mud cake clean up after the well is brought into production. Calcium
carbonate mud cake can be cleaned up easily using a specially formulated
weak acid recipe. However the ongoing cited could result in the used of
POBM for this hole section.

2.2.10. Cementation
Class A cement slurry or lightweight (gradient: 0.650 psi/ft) Class G
cement slurry can be used to cement surface casings. The lightweight slurries
will have heavy tail slurry to ensure better casing shoe integrity. To avoid
losses the surface casing will not be cemented to surface. The top of cement
for surface casings is expected at 3000 ft. The surface casing will be re-
cemented from surface to below the stovepipe using a metal petal basket.

23
 Production casings and liners will be cemented with heavy (gradient:
0.821 psi/ft) class G cement slurry. The top of cement in production casing for
conventional deviated wells would be at least 500 ft above top shallowest
hydrocarbon bearing interval in line with BANDUNG UNITED LTD. and
regulatory requirements. The 7" liners shall be run with liner hangers with
integral packers to avoid the need to drill cement on top of liner after
cementation.

2.2.12. Waste Management

Waste management during the ACA FDP Phase II project shall be in
line with FMENV regulations while striving to reduce, re-use, or re-cycle. All
wastes that cannot be re-used or re-cycled will be properly disposed. Waste
water-based mud slurry and brine will be re-injected into the CRI well at
Opukushi-19. Water based mud cuttings and pseudo-oil based mud cuttings
will be processed with solids control equipment to reduce mud on cuttings.
The cuttings will then be treated at the TDU at Berau Terminal after which it
will be disposed at designated dump sites.
Sanitary wastes will be handled by biological treatment on the rig
while domestic waste will be transported to dedicated BANDUNG UNITED
LTD. handling facility in Kaara. Paper waste shall be recycled at the waste
recycling depot in Tumbit.
Spent lube oil and diesel spills will be collected in dedicated storage
tanks and taken to the TDU for treatment. Other industrial wastes such as
plastics, metals, rubber and wood will be segregated on site and collected in
designated baskets. The wastebaskets will be transported to Tumbit for
recycling. Detailed waste management methods are presented in chapter eight
of this report.

2.2.13. Production Operations Plan

2.2.13.1. Production Facilities

24
 Production facilities in the ABC Catchment Area comprise
wellheads, flowlines and a flowstation. ACA fields are situated in a swampy

Figure 2.4 Production Facility in the area

terrain. Hence, all the existing wells have conductor supported swamp
wellhead platforms located in dredged slots. All the ACA reservoirs have
produced to date on natural drive although 11 strings are equipped with
gaslift mandrels. The existing ABC flowstation (Plate 2) is a standard
BANDUNG UNITED LTD. swamp piled flowstation with a nominal
capacity of 60MBD. The station consists of two process trains of 30MBD
capacity each, all on a single deck. Each train consisting of a high-pressure
(HP) separator, low-pressure (LP) separator and Surge vessel operates in
series. The station is equipped with a Test separator used for statutory well
testing.
The current flowstation also has eight (8) inlet manifold skids with
forty-eight (48) ligaments. Out of these, 11 are presently not in use. Each of
the manifold skids contains six 3 ligaments and four (4) headers (Test,
HP1, HP2 and LP), with pipings rated at ANSI 600#.
The flowstation is equipped with a single test separator. The
Directorate of Petroleum Resources (DPR) requires that each well be tested
at least once a month. Well tests are also required for well performance
monitoring and hydrocarbon accounting. Crude oil from the wells is directed

25
to either test, HP or LP inlet manifold headers depending on the flow line
pressure. From the inlet manifold individual headers run to each separator
via automatic shut down valves. The LP separators share a common header
and isolation valves are provided between the two LP separators. Each of the
HP separators has a separate inlet header. There are inter-connecting pipings
between the trains for operational flexibility.
All the production separators are two phase (gas-liquid) separation
vessels operating in series. The HP crude after degassing in the HP
separator, flow to the LP separator and from there to the surge vessel. The
low-pressure wells flow directly to the LP separator and from there to the
surge vessel. The HP, LP and surge vessels pressure are set at 150, 50 and 6
psig respectively to optimize liquid production and minimize liquid carry
over to the flare.
Crude oil is evacuated from the flowstation by centrifugal pumps
installed downstream of the surge vessels into the delivery line via the
metering skid. The flowstation is equipped with 5 sulzer pumps each with a
nominal capacity of 20MBD. Crude is exported through a new 8 line
directly to Trans Talok pipeline, and the old 12 x 21.2km delivery line via
Rapak manifold.
Only a small quantity of produced gas is utilised as instrument gas
and fuel gas for gas engines and generator sets. The rest are routed through
the appropriate HP and LP gas headers to the 16 flare gas header en-route
the flare.
The shortcomings of the present facility are:
Requirement of 24-hour resident manning
Pneumatic instrumentation with attendant venting and relief.
Intensive maintenance
Non-dependent Community Assistance
Facility Constraints, e.g. increasing pump pressure due to high
back-pressure in export line
Community problems
Non-segregated drains
Manual operations

26
 Logistics problem
Age of the facility (above 25 years)

Utilities
Power/HP Fuel/Instrument Gas Systems Utility gas required for
flowstation instruments, power and fuel, is tapped upstream of the HP
separator at the Back Pressure Control Valve (BPCV) and routed to the
Instrument and Fuel gas scrubber. The gas is subsequently directed via
pressure regulators into instrument gas filters (in parallel), the fuel gas
scrubber (for pump drivers) and power gas scrubber (for electricity
generators) before reaching the various users.

Utility Air
A skid mounted diesel-engine driven air compressor unit (standard
Ingersoll Rand T 30 Model 7100) supplies the start air required for
kicking off all gas engines in the plant. The air receiver is off-skid
mounted.

Electric Power Supply Systems

A gas-engine driven generator (Cat 3306) provides electric power
requirement in the flowstation. This is rated for continuous duty at
281KVA, 415/240 volts at a nominal speed of 1500 rpm. The rating is
based on meeting the minimum flowstation requirements. The electric
power supply system comprises other utility items such as lubricating
system, instrumentation and control, mode selector switch, protection
devices, starting system and fuel gas system.
The gas engine driven generator is complimented by a diesel-engine
driven generator (CAT D3406), rated for continuous duty at 225 KVA
415/240 volts and a nominal speed of 1500 rpm. This generator is
operated as standby machine when the gasengine electric generator is
out of service or during extended shutdown. It is designed to be
manually started and take over power generation each time the primary
generator is out of service.

27
Flare System
Currently, the remainder of utilised process gas is sent to the flare
system. This consists of two 16" diameter flare headers teeing off from
a single bulk 16 main header. The flare comprises two 30 horizontal
flare barrels complete with a flare tip and flare pilots. A Flare Liquid
Knockout Pot for removing liquids from the flared gas is installed
along the flare line to minimise liquid carryover to the flare. The
maximum instantaneous flaring rate during emergency is the
blowdown rate. The normal continuous rate is 30mmscfd and the
minimum rate 0.2 MMscf/d or less during periods of reduced oil
production.

Metering Facility
Crude oil metering system
The existing crude oil metering system consists of four parallel
connected 6" positive G6-S7 displacement meters with mechanical
counters, installed on the 8 discharge line. There is provision for a
fifth meter. Each train has an installed capacity of 34,000 bpd and is
provided with inlet and outlet block valves to permit their removal for
servicing. Each is also provided with a basket strainer.
Other process control facilities provided to the metering skid include a
dial thermometer, a pressure transmitter connected to the CAO System,
a pressure and temperature recorder and a high-pressure trip device
connected to the CAO System.

Test separator
The test separator is equipped with two Postive Velocity (Rotron)
meters and a Daniel Senior Orifice meter on the liquid and gas outlets
respectively. The latter meter is provided with flow and pressure
recorders.
Additional meters have been installed on all the production separators'
gas outlet lines to monitor the gas produced / flared.

28
The test separator is used for periodic testing of individual wells in line
with statutory requirements. Its set pressure depends on the pressure
regime of the well being tested. When a HP well is being tested, the
outlet liquid flows to the LP separator for further degassing and from
there to the surge vessel. When a LP well is being tested, the outlet
liquid flows directly to the surge vessel.

The Future Facility

It is desirable to have a station adequately sized for future new oil and
one that is better aligned with new corporate operating philosophy.
Hence, this station must be designed for a fail safe, unmanned
operation with auto restart. CAO/Restart monitoring must be installed
on facility and logistics centre. A station attendant will however be
required for a 24 hours monitoring of the facility and to provide
minimal intervention on ad hoc basis particularly for Emergency
Response duty like spill control. It will however be required to provide
some training to station attendants to achieve a level of production
competence needed for this task.

New Oil and Gas Facility

The following is a description of the green field facility upgrade option
selected for this project:

Process Description
A new Integrated Flowstation (IFS) will be built. It is designed to be as
much as possible similar to the existing flowstation such that similar
equipment is utilised to optimise sparing and ultimately reduce cost of
training of operators. The old plant will be decommissioned and
abandoned as soon as the IFS is hooked-up.
The IFS will be barge based and situated adjacent to the existing ABC
flowstation. The main facilities will include two 45 Mbpd production
trains, gas gathering and booster compression and sand
monitoring/removal appliances, besides the required utility and support
systems for unmanned operation. Electric power will be imported from

29
the Central Power Generation plant at the Randi CPF via underwater
cables.
Each production train will consist of a LP Separator, HP Separator and
a Surge Vessel (SV). The LP and SV gas will be gathered and boosted
to HP pressure to join the HP gas for export to Randi CPF for further
compression and processing.
Table 2.3. The operating conditions of the IFS
Pressure [bar(g)] Temperature [C]
HP LP SV HP LP SV
9.5 - 15 3-6 0.5-0.3 30-40 30-40 30-40

Crude oil is evacuated by 4 variable speed electric driven pumps in a 4

x 33% configuration. Each pump has a capacity of 30 Mbpd and rated
discharge pressure of about 90 barg.

Inlet Manifold
The inlet manifold skids will provide some 72 ligaments with pipings
rated at ANSI 1500# for the tie-in of the existing and new incoming
flowlines to the IFS.

Future Facility Utilities

Power/HP Fuel/Instrument Gas Systems
Gas from the LP separator is used as fuel gas. The fuel gas system
configuration consists of a fuel gas KO (knock out) drum and fuel gas
filters (2 x 100%).
The fuel gas system distributes fuel gas to the Flare header (purge) and
Flare pilots. Other users where blanket gas is required include: open
drains tank, sand collection tank and chemical storage tanks.

Utility Air
The instrument air system consists of an instrument air receiver and
instrument air packages (an n+1 sparing arrangement is assumed). The
package includes compressors, filters and dryers. Instrument air is

30
 supplied to the instrument air distribution system and, under pressure
control, to the utility air system.

Electric Power Supply Systems

Electric power will be supplied to the IFS from Randi CPF through
underground cable. An emergency diesel engine driven generator will
be provided to supply essential services when main power is
unavailable. Emergency power supply will be specified during the
conceptual engineering phase.

Flare System
A flare system is included for the following service requirements:
Emergency blowdown
Maintenance de-pressurisation
Pressure relief operations
Long term operational flaring in the event of compression or gas
export system outage
Operational drainage ( low pressure liquids from the booster
compressor suction scrubber)
The flare system consists of flare collection headers routed to the flare
knock-out vessel. Liquid from the flare KO vessel is pumped to the
process. Vapour is routed to a vertical flare located off-site.
A flare ignition panel and pilot burners (flame front propagator type
with propane bottle gas supply) are included.

2.2.13.2. Campaign Operations and Maintenance

Operations and Maintenance will be carried out on campaign basis.
Production and maintenance team for Southern Swamp - 2 District will be
based in Randi Logistics base on a week on week off basis where
remote monitoring of the ABC facility among others will be conducted.
Visits will be made to the stations for routine operations activities and
preventive maintenance although the flow-station attendants shall be
present in the facility 24hrs/day on 12hrs/day shift. Boat requirement for

31
 well-head operations and other necessary work will be integrated into the
district requirement and co-ordinated centrally at the logistics base.
Ad hoc manning accommodation for operation and maintenance
purpose and other logistics requirement for manning gas gathering/lift
facility will be provided on the MPF.

Maintenance Objectives/Strategy
The following are the maintenance objectives for ABC facilities:
To ensure the safety and security of people, environment and equipment in
accordance with statutory and company requirements throughout the
lifetimeof the facilities.
To maintain technical integrity, with high reliability to guarantee
uninterrupted crude oil production. To allow for flexibility and
expandability in design of facilities for further integration of other
BANDUNG UNITED LTD. facilities into the utility support services of the
station.
To minimise operating costs of facilities.
To achieve these objectives the maintenance strategies as laid down in the
asset maintenance policies and guidelines will be adopted as appropriate.

Manning
Production operation will be carried out by an integrated team
designated for the entire district and shall meet the demands required
to maintain the integrity of the station and optimise production. The
production staff shall be of the following levels:
1 Team Leader/Area Production Supervisor
1 Instrument/Electrical/Mechanical Supervisor
2 Operator/Foreman
4 Fitters (Mechanical, Electrical and Instrument) with more
emphasis on
Instrument/Electrical depending on Team Leader/Area Supervisors
discipline. The station attendants shall be on 12 hr shifts (2 per shift)
while others will be on duty from 0700 hrs - 1900 hrs daily whenever

32
the need arises. They shall however be available for emergencies
subject to management approval.
The Randi logistics centre will have enough accommodation to
accommodate all staff with provision of overnight facility for extra
staff per shift. In addition accommodation will be provided at the
flowstation site for one Production foreman who may be on site on ad
hoc basis and 2 station attendants. Security patrols will be installed at
the flowstation area. No night sailing rules (Reference: No Night
Sailing Policy of August 1998) shall be strictly adhered to.

Process Monitoring, Control & CAO

The process control and shut down systems shall be fail safe with
minimum operator intervention. Consideration should be given to
upgrading the currently designed Flowstation as part of development
modification, in line with the current company safety standards and
specifications.
Major equipment will be started locally (exception being electric
driven equipment with adequate control) and sufficient
information/interlocks shall be provided to a safe start up. Emergency
shutdown system (ESD) checks shall be carried out at sixmonthly
interval in line with regulation (Mineral Oil and Safety Regulations of
1997) to ensure integrity while wellhead checks shall continue at the
stipulated intervals.
The current Computer Assisted Operations philosophy requires that
data points be presented as electronic signals as a building block for
the CAO system implementation strategy. Where available, systems
shall be based on the open-system infrastructure.

Equipment Selection
New flowlines shall be designed to withstand maximum closed-in
tubing head pressure (CITHP) attainable in the network, according to
the standard flow line design philosophy. Old lines shall be replaced to
the same standard when due, i.e. in accordance with corporate
guideline for 14-years swamp flow-line replacement.

33
The flow station shall be designed for at least 95% availability. A
sparing philosophy of N+1 shall be applied to key equipment e.g.
pumps, generators, air compressors etc. where N is the peak number
required for normal effective operation. Crude evacuation pumps shall
be electric motor driven centrifugal capable of delivering high volume.
Variation from this philosophy shall be subject to managements
approval based on positive results of overall system effectiveness and
equipment vulnerability studies. Where possible, equipment and
instruments shall be common with that used elsewhere in SPDC.

Well Testing and Metering.

In line with statutory requirements well testing shall be carried out for
each well at least once a month to establish gross production rate and
GOR.
On the gross liquid outlet of the test separators, meters shall be
installed that can measure with a design accuracy of at least +2%. The
metering system shall operate with a turn down from 10,000 to 100
b/d, usually this is achieved through a single 3 Coriolis meter. A
higher capacity meter shall be installed if high gross wells are brought
on stream.
The gas lines of separators shall be designed to ISO 5167 with the
intention of achieving an accuracy of at least + 2%.
Coriolis meter will be used for export metering. The integrity of the
meters shall be determined by frequent maintenance. The meters shall
continue to be regularly proved by differential method. The station
water cut shall be determined from BS&W measurement reading from
the Coriolis export meter and compared with computed results
obtained from individual wells test figures. Gas meter shall be
installed on each of the gas lines and the flare for accurate
measurement of gas produced and flared.

Isolation Draining and Cleaning

All non-routine operational jobs in the station shall be covered by the
Permit-To- Work system and Job Hazard Analyses carried out to

34
ensure safety of People, Equipment and Environment. Isolation shall
be such that an item of equipment or a system can be separated from
and not be affected by a live plant. Thus allowing work to be carried
out.
Drains shall be designed to allow for segregation of hazardous and non
hazardous liquids as follows:
Process drains shall be collected through closed drain headers into
vessels to be re-injected into the process, stream by electric-driven
pumps.
Continuously Oil Contaminated drain like bleeders, sample points
which shall be collected through closed drain headers into vessels
to be re-injected into the process stream.
Accidentally Oil Contaminated drains like wash water, skid drain
that shall be collected into drip pans into the saver pit and the
mixture of oil and water is to be re-injected into the process stream.
Storm water drain (from roof tops etc) shall be routed directly to
the river or tanks for routine washing purposes.
Thus the process area shall be roofed. Good Housekeeping shall be
encouraged at all times in the facility with adequate provision of
adequately labelled waste bins and waste segregation in line with SSA
Waste management principle and ISO14001 standards.

Safeguarding Systems
Fire detection systems are provided in high-risk areas (transfer pumps,
generators etc.) in line with company policy. Fire hydrants and
portable fire extinguishers will be placed at strategic location to fight
small incipient fires. In the event of an uncontrollable fire outbreak,
personnel will be evacuated according to laid down evacuation
procedures. The two levels of shut down systems (ESD and OSD) shall
be maintained in the facility. All trip devices have individual
indications and alarms at the DCS. The ESD system will be fail safe.
With electronic instrumentation, full function tests of ESD systems
shall be carried out at least twice a year.

35
All facility and field monitoring/testing equipment shall be inspected
regularly in accordance with BANDUNG UNITED LTD. maintenance
procedure guide and mineral oil safety regulations (Mineral Oil and
Safety Regulations of 1997). Individual maintenance bypass shall be
installed for each instrument to facilitate on-line testing.

Instrumentation
Instrumentation will be designed for remote status monitoring,
calibration and configuration. Reliability of the instruments will allow
for on failure maintenance.

Activity Planning
An Operations Reference Plan shall be developed for the project and
shall form the framework for planning for the facility. An annual
review of the 5 years Integrated Operations Activity plan (IOP
document) will be conducted, based on the latest company business
plan for the program period. Firm projects with associated budget
commitment will be logged in a 2-year integrated activity plan. The
execution plan shall be discussed monthly, during the 90 days
integrated operations meeting where the actual date for the execution
of the projects are determined based on production optimization and
shutdown requirements. 14 days Activity scheduling shall be used to
capture activities firmed up for execution.

Spare Parts
For new equipment, operational and insurance spares shall be
identified by the production function in line with vendor
recommendations and BANDUNG UNITED LTD. requirements. Two
years operating spares and special maintenance tools will be provided
as part of the initial equipment purchase and should be available on
site prior to hand-over. Spare Parts Interchange-ability Records
(SPIRs) shall be provided by the vendors, which will be reviewed by

36
 the Area team before stocking of the spares. The use of electronics
SPIR will be actively pursued.

Equipment Handling & Site Access Requirements

Facilities and special equipment shall be designed for the handling of
equipment and material where required. Good access shall be provided
for on-site maintenance activities without need to interfere with non-
related components. Design of the facility layout shall incorporate ease
of access considerations for overhead cranes, jigs and personnel.
All duplicated and auxiliary systems shall be segregated so that one
can be maintained while the other is in operation.

Workshop Facilities
The divisional workshop shall continue to provide assistance in the
following areas:
Testing and calibration of Mechanical, Electrical and Instrument
components
Major overhaul of rotating equipment
Machining and fabrication of simple parts
In addition, a workshop shall be provided in the Randi Field Logistics
Base (FLB) which shall serve the purpose of second line maintenance
for ACA besides other facilities in the district. It shall take care of all
electrical, mechanical and instrument repairs requiring more than
routine and planned maintenance.

2.2.13.3. Materials and Logistics

Central warehousing
All supplies of lubricants, chemical fuel and catering requirements
shall be regular in accordance with current supply strategy. A standard
jetty with loading and off-loading davit crane installed is already
available for this purpose. To prevent shortage and optimize storage, a
central warehouse will be provided in Randi FLB which will serve as
the hub for ABC and other facilities in the district. Materials will be

37
 ordered, stored and administered centrally for the district from the
warehouse.

Transportation
Transportation to and from the facility shall be by air or boat.
Transport and logistics shall be administered centrally at the FLB for
optimisation purpose. For smooth and effective operations, the
following shall be provided:
Table 2.4. Transportation requirement
Item No/Frequency
Operational boat 4 trips per week
Police patrol boat 1 per day
Chopper flights 4 return flights (minimum) per
week

A helipad shall also be provided on the flow station barge and

constructed to BANDUNG UNITED LTD. standard specifications. In
the event of an emergency, transport shall be requested through the
laid down procedures.

2.2.14. Production Operations CASHES Aspects

Community Affairs in Production Operations
All matters concerning community affairs around the facility shall first be
directed to the Production Supervisor who will inform the appropriate sections
(Community affairs). In the event of violent community disturbances which
impact on production, station shall be made safe and staff shall return to base
until the problem is resolved. Electricity shall be provided to the neighbouring
communities and tied to the facility to ensure interdependency.

Safety in Production Operations

Where hazards cannot be eliminated, they shall be identified, assessed,
registered and controlled, should loss of control occur, all existing recovery
systems and procedures shall be put in place to reduce the effect of such

38
incident. Hazard registers shall be reviewed annually and updated as required.
Portable fire extinguishers and fire hydrants shall be strategically located for
fire fighting and checked at set intervals by the fire department. Escape routes
shall be clearly marked to the mustering point. Hazardous areas shall be well
defined.
All safety measures presently in place will be maintained as follows:
Job hazards analysis and toolbox meetings before embarking on a job.
Wearing of PPE for designated areas.
Prohibition of alcohol in the facility.
Prohibition of night sailing.
Prohibition of use of petrol engine and open roof speed boats for
operations.
Regular emergency drills.
Prohibition of smoking in designated areas.
Restriction of uncertified swimmers from the facility.

Health Aspects of Production Operations

Local, BANDUNG UNITED LTD. and Groups Seven Minimum Health
Standards shall be adhered to at all time. Caterers shall be checked 6-monthly
by MDW to check food handling hygienic standards. A well-equipped first aid
box shall be available in the facility for first aid purposes only. Severe or more
serious cases will be addressed according to MEDEVAC & MEDRESCUE
procedures.

Environment Aspects of Production Operations

In compliance with Group Minimum Environmental Expectations and ISO
14001, any excess gas shall be flared and not vented into the atmosphere.
Hazardous and non-hazardous drains shall be segregated. The contents of the
saver pit shall be reinjected into the surge vessel while all contingency plans
for pollution control shall be maintained. Where discharges are unavoidable,
they shall be closely monitored and minimised. All generated waste shall be
disposed of according to BANDUNG UNITED LTD. waste management

39
 procedures and EIA standards. Records of such shall be kept according to
ISO14001 standard.
Measurement of the flare quality for gaseous effluent and sampling for
aqueous effluent shall be conducted in line with legislation requirement.

Security Aspects of Production Operations

There shall be regular patrols of wellheads and flow lines at day times. The
security patrol boat shall be centrally located in Randi FLB and shall conduct
regular patrol and shall respond to distress calls. Future design should
incorporate modification to restrict unauthorised access (security fence/cage).

2.2.15. Well Decommissioning/Abandonment

All wells that have no economic value will be decommissioned and abandoned
in line with BANDUNG UNITED LTD. Well Abandonment Policy. Four
wells in ABC field (ABC-2, -8, - 9, -12) have reached the end of their
productive lives are due for abandonment. One of them (ABC-8) is being
considered for re-completion as a cutting re-injection well.
Given the advantage of campaign abandonment, the
decommissioning/abandonment of the wells that have currently reached their
productive live will not be carried out during this round of development. They
will be shut-it and suspended till such a time when sufficient candidates will
be available to allow campaign abandonment. However, the cost for well
decommissioning/abandonment is usually captured as part of BANDUNG
UNITED LTD. economics.

2.3. Alternatives Presented in ANDAL

1. Alternative line-1 is the installation of pipes from Mentadau across Tarakan
adjoining provincial roads, deploying pipes planted as deep as 2 meters and
then backfilled.
2. Alternative path-2 is the installation of pipes crossing Mentadau done with
horizontal drilling system or Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD). The pipe
is inserted into the ground by being drilled horizontally before entering
Mentadau. Because of Mentadau land that will be passed along 3 km then at

40
 every distance 1 km there will be land used for grafting and drilling.
Required land 2 ha for drilling work area in the next segment and pipe
connection.
3. Alternative path-3 is the installation of trunkline from Tarakan will be done
through Mentadau beach along about 4 km. In terms of technical difficulty
level of installation and maintenance cost, alternative-3 route is relatively
more expensive. In this alternative-3 route, the type of coastal ecosystem is a
mangrove ecosystem, and this coastal area is also used by Maleo birds to
spawn. In addition there are coral reefs around the location of alternative-3
routes.

This effort is intended to minimize the impact that will arise in the area Mantudau. In
addition, as well as anticipation of SK Men.Hut No. 641 / Kpts / II / 1997 on the
Amendment of Articles 8 and 18 of Decree of Minister of Forestry No. 41 / Kpts / II /
1996 on Forest Land Use License Guidelines stating that for any reason the wildlife
reserve (SM) can not be used for other activities at the site, despite the fact that the
current forest condition in Mantudau is already wild.

2.4. Relantionship Business Plan and / or activities with surrounding

The administrative activity plan area is included in 4 (four) districts namely
Salaman, Godean, Batui and Kintom. Several other activities that have
existed around the project site plan have the potential to have an impact on
the project activity plan or vice versa, the Matindok Gas Development
activities plan has the potential to impact on other relevant activities that are
relevant as follows.
a Plantation
The area of plantation work that part of the land will be affected by
the ABC Field development plan, including the transmission pipeline
network is a palm oil plantation managed by a processing unit owned
by PT Luwak Sejati. This plantation activity has had an impact on
the change of land use / utilization that was previously a forest area.
Another impact is reduced diversity of flora-fauna, increased
erosion, in addition to an increase in the incomes of the communities
involved. With the ABC Field Development activities, if there is no

41
 good management effort, environmental conditions around the
plantation area can be further degraded.
b Agriculture
Agricultural activities around the ABC Field Development site, in
particular the location of development wells are paddy fields which
are intensively cultivated 3 times a year. This area is a rice barn area
for Banggai Regency with income level / prosperity of society is
good enough. But besides that there are some negative effects of this
agricultural activity, among others, tends to increase the use of
various agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides that can
ultimately have a negative impact on humans and the surrounding
environment. Therefore, various awareness efforts need to be done
so that the use of agrochemicals does not continue to increase.
The installation of gas pipelines that cut off the irrigation systems of
both technical and non-technical rice fields in Salaman, Toili and
Batui sub-districts will potentially cause negative impacts such as
changes in public attitudes and perceptions of Bandung United Ltd.

42
 CHAPTER III
LIVING ENVIRONMENT

This chapter presents the environmental baseline description of the proposed

ABC field area. The details of the methodologies adopted for data acquisition for each
of the environmental components and the Impact indicators are described in this
subchapter below.

3.1. Relief/Topography
The ABC field is covered with freshwater swamp with galloping terrain
composed of alternating ridges and gullies. The topography of the area is low lying
with some depression. Raffia palm, oil palm, ferns and grasses dominate the field.
The area is drained by two main water bodies (Bomadi and Brass Creeks).

3.2. Climate and Meteorology

The weather of ABC field area is influenced by tropical continental and
maritime air masses, which are associated with the north-east and the moisture-laden
south-west winds, respectively. The climatic components of the project area are the
average maximum and minimum temperatures measured in the field during the dry
season was 29.8oC and 23.02oC respectively while the maximum and minimum
temperature ranges measured during the wet season were 30.9 31.5 oC and 23.1
22.3 oC.
The existing climatic records obtained from the synoptic station indicate that
the mean ten years (1989-1999) maximum temperature for dry season is 33.23 for
March, 28.5 for July and 32.1 for December. Full monthly maximum temperature for
the last 20 years is shown in Table 4.1. Two main winds, southwest (SW) and the
northeast (NE) winds are generally influential on the weather in the study area.
However, a third wind, the North-South wind has also been reported in the area. The
northsouth wind is known to be strongest during the dry season (November
March). It accounts for about 32% of the annual winds within the Field area during
this period.

43
 Table 3.1. Mean Maximum Temperature in oC
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1979-
32.78 33.93 33.1 32.74 31.41 30.21 28.76 28.48 19.32 30.02 31.25 31.75
1988
1989-
32.56 34.34 33.23 32.74 31.68 30.25 28.55 28.59 29.3 30.38 31.97 32.16
1998

Table 3.2. Decade Average Total Rainfall Records in mm

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1979 0.3 167 221 255 191 407 296 316 215 281 121 11
1989 0 57 78 249 312 248 1811 431 342 172 TR 56
1999 41 51.2 107 186 292 233 294 257.4 453 511 73.5 TR
2003 173 86 93 169 174 255 841 206 535 240 99 4.1

Table 3.3. Mean Temperature and Rainfall Records

Time Relative Humidity Max. Temp. Min. Temp. Rainfall
(hr) (%) (oC) (oC) (mm)
10.30 78 27 23.5 311.5
1.00 81 28.5 23.5 321.6
8.30 78.5 32 23.5 401.2

3.2.1. Rainfall
Within the ABC field area, rain falls throughout the year but over 80% of it
occur in the months of May to September. The 25-year rainfall records (1979 - 2003)
indicate a mean rainfall of 373 mm, 19.3 and 107.9 mm for the months of July,
December and March respectively. The single highest rainfall record is 840.9mm
recorded in July 2003.
3.2.2. Relative Humidity
The average relative humidity recorded in ABC field area was 80.9% with
sunny and cloudy weather in the dry season. However, the long term means monthly
relative humidity for the region at different times of the day show that higher relative
humidity (RH) values are recorded for both wet and dry seasons. This warm humid
climate and high relative humidity measured in the ABC field area is due to the

44
seasonal variation of the Inter-Tropical Front and the geographical location of the
field.
3.2.3. Wind Speed and Direction
The predominant wind direction within the ABC field area is southwest (80%)
and rarely northeasterly (20%) with low wind speed throughout the area. The wind
speed within the ABC field area during the field study ranged from 7.2 7.5 knots,
with an average of 7.35 knots (Table 4.4).
Table 3.4 wind speed and direction within ABC field area (Dry season)
Wind Speed Wind Direction Weather Condition
Speed
Time Hours Time Direction
(knots)
9.45-11.45 9.45 Sunny and cloudy
2 7.2 SW; NE
am am weather
12.45-3.45 2.00 Sunny and breezy
3 7.5 SW
pm pm weather

3.2.4. Air Quality and Noise

The results of in-situ air quality studies in the ABC field area are presented in
Table 4.5 below. All of the component in the table 4.5 was not more than the limit.
Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) was not detected (below detectable limit, BDL) at all
the sampling stations.
Table 3.5. Air Sample Quality Measurement
Parameter
DPR
Sample AS1 AS2 AS3 AS4 AS5 AS6 AS7 AS8 AS9 AS10
Limit
point
11.4-
CO, ppm 1.33 3.51 <0.01 2.23 0.76 1.06 1.11 <0.01 1.35 1.05
22.8
CO2, ppm 4.67 7.33 3.13 4.55 3.41 3.93 3.04 3.13 2.16 3.08 25
NO2, 75-
2.54 8.2 2.13 5.43 2.42 1.87 2.31 2.13 2.43 5.19
ppm 113
26-
SO2, ppm 2.41 9.21 2.77 4.54 2.27 1.61 3.12 2.77 3.11 1.9
260
TSP, 15.52 98.63 17.54 43.57 23.52 17.81 21.5 17.54 16.43 16.6 250-

45
 g/m3 600
VOC,
0.48 1.52 0.1 0.73 0.34 0.1 0.12 0.1 0.23 0.12 160
g/m3

The noise levels measured within ABC field area ranged from 52.5 dB to 93.5
dB at the flare site in the dry season. There was no significant variation in the noise
levels measured in the wet season. The recorded noise data are within tolerable limits
of 80 100 dB.

3.3. Soil, Agriculture and Land Use Studies

3.3.1. Soil
The most prevalent features of the soils within the ABC field area are those
that are related to poor drainage and seasonal flooding. They are mineral soils formed
on almost flat lowland areas. They belong to the freshwater alluvial deposits. The
texture of the soil in the field is mainly sandy loamy. The amounts of colloidal
particles (silt and clay) are small, leading to excessive leaching of nutrients in the soil.
The mean soil pH value is 4.40 and strongly acidic. Electrical conductivity of the soil
in field is low (mean: 66.89 S/cm) but suitable for most crops if recommended
amounts of fertilizer are used. The total nitrogen contents could be due to the tide
coverage of these soils, which prevent minerealization of organic matter into
component nutrients. The concentrations of available phosphorus are low and below
the 15.0 ppm recommendation critical level.

3.3.2. Agriculture
Agriculture in the area is dictated by, climatic factors, soil properties and
landscape features of the coastline. The locals in the ABC field area are mainly
subsistence farmers and often practice mixed cropping. Crop combinations include
cassava, yams, vegetables, maize and okra. Plantain, banana and cocoyam are also
cultivated in the area. However, plantain and banana are observed to be scattered
around the bushes while cocoyam is commonly planted on dredged materials along
the banks of the creeks. Although the crops are cultivated in small scale in the area,
they were observed to be flourishing, indicating the suitability of the soil for such
crops. Fish farming is also a common agricultural practice in the area. Common

46
fishing methods include: backwater netting, canoe drift netting and, hook and line.
Both raphia palm and oil palm are prominent in the ABC field area. The oil palms are
harvested from wild groves.
Physical Characteristics of soils within ABC field area are reported in Table
4.6 below
Table 3.6. Physical-Chemical characteristic of Soil
Parameter/Sample SS A SS B SS C
Code
Depth 0-15 cm
Physico-Chemical
pH 5.2 5.6 5.4
Conductivity, s 20.9 29.8 76.3
Organic Carbon, % 0.36 0.67 1.23
Chloride, ppm 149 256 672
Nitrogen, % 0.25 0.39 0.37
Phospate, ppm 0.51 1.9 3.42
ECEC meq/100g 5.45 7.2 6.53
THC, ppm 0.73 2.19 3.36
Metal
Lead, ppm <0.001 0.03 0.01
Mercury, ppm <0.001 0.03 0.01
Iron, ppm 67 39.12 190
Zinc, ppm 0.02 0.5 0.12
Nickel, ppm 0.17 0.22 <0.01
Vanadium, ppm 0.33 0.12 0.25
Chromium, ppm 0.36 0.64 0.37
Cadmium, ppm 0.36 0.64 0.37
Manganese, ppm <0.005 <0.005 0.006
Cu, ppm 0.01 0.03 0.05

3.3.3. Soil Texture

The soils of the ABC field area are generally coarse textured and sandy loam.
The textural distribution varies from sand to sandy clay loam in both surface and

47
subsurface soils. The mean clay contents are above 10 percent and 9 percent for
surface and subsurface soils respectively while the silt content averaged 21 percent in
both depths. The silt/clay ratios indicate that the soils are made up of young parent
materials with low degree of weathering. These results show that the soils are likely to
have weatherable minerals needed for plant nutrition.
Table 3.7. Particle Size Distribution in Soils of ABC field area
Soil Sample Sand % Silt % Clay % Textural Class
SS1 71.6 11.2 17.2 Sand
SS2 66.7 24.9 8.4 Sand
SS6 64.4 26.3 9.3 Sandy Loam
SS9 70.7 20.6 8.7 Sand
SS18 72.5 21.9 5.6 Sand
Range 64.4-72.5 11.2-26.3 5.6-17.2 Sand
Mean 68.32 21.05 10.63
Silt/Clay Ratio 1.98

3.3.4. Soil pH
The soils are strongly acidic with mean pH values of 5.4 and 5.2 for surface
and subsurface soils respectively. The high acidity may have resulted from the
dominance of acidic cations, which is the characteristic of soils with kaolinites (1:1)
and oxide clays. The strong acidity will influence the availability of basic cations and
hence the productivity of the soil.

3.3.5. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)

The CEC is low with mean values of 6.43 and 6.33 meq/100g for surface and
subsurface soils respectively. The values are however higher in the surface soil than
the subsoil. This may be due to the presence of organic materials or litters on the
surface soil. The low CEC indicates low soil fertility. Organic Carbon, Total N, C:N
Ratio and Available Phosphorus The organic carbon contents are low in depths (0-
15cm and 15-30cm).. The mean values are 0.99 and 0.48 percent for surface and
subsurface respectively. The higher value for the surface soil may be due to the
presence of organic materials, litters and this is also the zone of maximum root
activity.

48
 Similarly, the total N is low with mean values of 0.24 - 0.39 percent for
surface and subsurface soils. The C:N ratios were recorded as 2.4 (surface) and 3.3 for
subsurface. The soils have low available phosphorus (P) with mean values of 3.74 and
2.89 mg/kg for surface and subsurface soils respectively. Like the organic carbon
content, the values are higher in the surface soil than the subsoils. This is because
available P is known to be associated with organic matter.

3.3.6. Electrical Conductivity

The values ranged from 20.8 to 96.4s with a mean value of 66.89s for the
surface soil and from 20.4 to 91.5 s with a mean value of 61.21 s for the subsoil.
The mean values were higher in the surface than the subsoils.

3.3.7. Chloride
The chloride content varied from 144 to 1027 mg/kg with a mean value of
463.35 mg/kg for the surface soils and from 123 to 1021 mg/kg with a mean value of
441.7 mg/kg for the subsurface soils (Tables 4.6). The mean value is higher in the
surface soil than the subsoil. The presence of chloride in soils is known to influence
the uptake of some nutrients, for example phosphorus.

3.3.8. Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Contents

The THC contents ranged from 0.68 to 7.10 mg/kg with mean value of 3.52
mg/kg for the surface soils and from 0.71 to 6.24 mg/kg with a mean value of 3.41
mg/kg for the subsurface soils (Table 4.6). The low values may indicate that the
hydrocarbons in the soil are biogenic and not petrogenic in origin.

3.3.9. Heavy Metals

The heavy metal content of soils within the ABC field area is reported in
Table 4.6. Iron is the most abundant with a range of 38.12 894 mg/kg and mean
value of 403.61 mg/kg for the surface soils while the range for the subsoil is 40.12
905 mg/kg with a mean value of 427.95 mg/kg. Generally, the values are within the
range for mineral soil environment. However, their impacts as to the degree of
contamination can be highly significant due to the local edaphic condition. Detection
of petroleum associated heavy metals such as nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) confirms
that the soil environment must have been impacted by crude petroleum. This may

49
result from operational or accidental spill of crude petroleum from well-heads or burst
flowlines. Such spills may be spread by flood on a large area of the low-lying soils.

3.4. Vegetation
3.4.1. Vegetation Profile
The vegetation of ABC field area is generally homogenous and composed
mostly of two layers of vegetation strata, namely the tree and shrub/herb layers. The
tree layer is composed mostly of pure stands of raphia with only scattered freshwater
swamp forest tree species.

Figure 3.1. Brass Creek A major drainage feature in the area

Common plant species within the study area include: Raphia palms,
Symphonia globulifera and Pterocarpus santalinoides, Bambusa vulgaris (bamboo),
Elaeis guineensis (oil palm), Anthocleista vogelli (Cabbage tree). The tree layer was
dominated by Raphia hookeri while the herb layer was dominated by ferns
(Cyclosorus sp. and Diplazium sammatii) and the arrow-head weed, Cryptospermum
senegalense.
The vegetation of the ABC field area is generally a freshwater fringe forest
type with canopy heights of between 5 - 8 metres. The vegetation also consists of
emergent tree species reaching up to 15 metres in some cases. The vegetation cover is
between 60- 80%, with patches of bushes resulting from farming activities (newly
cleared farm plots, cultivated farmlands and abandoned or fallow farm plots). A major
distinguishing characteristic of the forest in this area is the dense tangle of lianas and
other climbers.
50
3.4.2. Land Use Types
There are four distinguishable landuse types within the ABC field area.
They are:
3.4.2.1. Built Up
These consist mainly of towns, villages, fishing settlements and Oil
and Gas facilities within the study area. There are also small fishing
settlements spread along the banks of the creeks. Oil and Gas facilities in the
area include a flowstation, wellheads, pipelines, a helipad and two houseboats.
The built up area make only about 6% of the total land use of the area.
3.4.2.2.Farmlands/Home gardens
The floristic composition of the farmland/home gardens species, which
incidentally reflect the herbaceous components of the vegetation. The major
herbaceous and grass species are Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum
polystachion, Hyperrhenia sp, Ageratum conizoides, Aspilia africana,
Chromolaena odorata and ferns, Pteris sp and Dryopteris sp.

Figure 3.2. A farmland in the study area

The farmlands/home gardens, which constituted about 15% of the
vegetation found especially at the edges of the creeks/slots, had crops such as
cassava, plantain, sugar cane, cocoyam, potato and medicinal plants (e.g.
Bryophyllum).

3.4.2.3. The freshwater swamp forest

The freshwater swamp forest account for about 60% of the total land
use of the study area. The forest vegetation can be classified into three plant

51
 species groups, that is Hemicryptophytes, therophytes and epiphytes. It is
predominated by Palm trees (Eleias guneensis), Rafia palm (Raphia hookerii),
Umbrella plant (Musanga cerclopoides and Alstonia bonnei). Alchornea
cordifolia forms the main bush/shrub species, occassionally accommodating
clusters of Banana, Plantain, the rubber plants (Havea sp) and Coconut (Cocos
nucifera). Some cultivated species of Guava, Mango (Mangifera indica) and
bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) were also present especially near the
settlements/villages or towns.

Figure 3.3. Farming on dredge-spoil along bank of Bomadi Creek

In elevated areas due to dredge spoil dumped along the slots, grasses
such as Pennisetum purpureum, Saciolepis, Cyclosorus, ferns and members of
the Araceae family (eg. Cryptospermum senegaleuse) dominated the herb
stratum. These dredge spoil dumps are used for cultivation of plantain, musa
paradisiaca and cocoyam, Xanthosoma sagittifolium.
3.4.2.4. Aquatic Macrophytes
The slots to the wellheads within the ABC field area are covered by
aquatic macrophytes creating difficulty to boat traffic from local fishermen.
The aquatic macrophyte population of the ABC field area was dominated by
Eichhornea crassipes (water hyacinth), Vossia cuspidata, (grass) Echinocloa
sp (grass) Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) and Salvinia molesta (aquatic fern).
They were concentrated in the slots more than in the creeks. There was
high species diversity and density of these aquatic macrophytes encountered
within the ABC area and thus has the potential to develop into excessive
populations that can cover the entire water surface of the wellheads slots. The

52
 relative abundance of the different groups of plant species within the study
area (ABC field area) indicates that Firm Soil plant species constitute about
75% of the vegetation; the aquatic macrophytes constitute 15%, while the
farmland/Home gardens form 10% of the vegetation.

3.4.3. Plant Species Diversity

The plant species diversity of the ABC field area are summarized in Table 4.9.
Epiphytes were observed on the palm trees. The species diversity index was 0.455 for
the Freshwater swamp and the aquatic species and 0.475 for the Farmland species.
Table 3.8. Plant Species diversity and agricultural landuse
Species
Vegetable/Agricultural Herbaceous layer Tree and shrub or
diversity
landuse type (No/m2) crop layer (No./ha)
index
Freshwater swamp 62 565 0.455
Aquatic Macrophytes 345 - 0.455
Farmlands 20 4620 0.475

3.5. Wild Life

The wildlife observed and sighted in ABC field area during the field study
include Insects, Molluscs, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds (Aves) and Mammals. The
wildlife types encountered are presented in Table 4.11. The inventory of invertebrate
fauna was diverse and consisted of forest dwelling species dominated by ants, beetles
and millipedes. Many genera and species of arthropods were recorded. Ants, flies,
butterflies and grasshoppers were a common feature within ABC field area. Some
species of bugs, dragon flies and damselflies were also recorded.
Most of the mammals are crepuscular, feeding in the early hours of the day or
just before dusk. Forest dwelling species in the swamp area and, seed and insect-
eating species in the developed area dominated avifauna of the ABC field area. The
bird species recorded by sighting, nest observations and call sounds include the white
egrets, kites, weaverbirds, owls and hawks. Different species of reptiles and
amphibians were also noticed.

53
 Table 3.9. List of wildlife species in general
Taxonomy Common names
Phylum Arthropod
Dictyoptera Cockroachers
Gryllidar Crickets
Gastropoda Water Snail
Garden Snail
Periwinkle
Amphibians Frog
Toad
Reptiles Lizard
Skink
Gecko
Snack
Bird (aves) Cattle egret
Forest robin
Turtle dove
Palm swift
Carrier hawk
Eagle
Hornbill
Mammalia Giant rat
Monkey

3.6. Aquatic Life

3.6.1. Surface Water Quality
The major surface water bodies in the project area are Bomadi and Brass
Creeks. In-situ measurements of the temperatures of the surface water within the ABC
field area ranged from 21.8 to 33.4 0C with a mean of 29.7 0C. Total dissolved Solids
varied from 30.5 to 110.8mg/l and electrical conductivity values were between 26.7
and 99.2mg/l. The pH values indicated a weak acidic range of values (pH 5-6). The
Chloride concentrations varied from 26.8 to 99.2mg/l. Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD) values ranged from 3.7mg/l to 15.3mg/l. Dissolved Oxygen values ranged

54
from 4.42 to 5.09mg/l while Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) values ranged
from 0.85 to 1.21mg/l. The heavy metal concentrations were generally low. The
concentrations of the Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) were low (<0.50mg/l).
3.6.2. Microbiological Studies
The predominant bacteria species in the water bodies of the study area were
Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia sp. The predominant
fungal isolates in water samples within the ABC field area were Mucor sp,
Cladosporus sp Penicillium sp and Candida sp. The low ratio of microbial counts to
petroleum degraders of below 1.0% indicates that there has been no previous crude oil
input into the water of the ABC field area in recent times.
3.6.3. Fisheries Studies
The main occupation of the people inhabiting the field is fishing. Fishing is
extensively carried out by the host communities for domestic consumption as well as
for commercial purposes. Fishing gears include fish traps, conical baskets, hooks and
lines, cast nets, sweep nets and drag net of various mesh sizes. Fish observed in their
natural environment or bought from the fishermen operating along the creek belonged
to the orders Characiformes, Cypriniformes, Osteoglossiformes, Siluriformes and
Perciformes. A list of the fish species of the water within the ABC field area is
presented in Table 3.10.
Analysis of the condition factors of the fish species of the water within the
ABC field area showed that the fishes were healthy and well fed in a relatively
unperturbed environment. The condition factors were on the average well above 1.0
(the critical value). The species diversity as well as the density was high. All the
fishes examined did not show any physical evidence of parasitic infestation. There
were also no observation of disease infestation and abnormalities.
Table 3.10. list of commonest fish species
Fish Classification Family Abundance
Order Characiformes Heptisedae, Citharinidae 4
Order Osteoglossiformes Osteoglossidae, gymnarchidae 2
Order Cypriniformes Cyprinidae 3
Order Perciformes Cichlidae 4
Order Siluriformes Bagridae, Mochokidae, Schilbeidae 3
Order Mugiliformes Mugilidae 3

55
 Order Protopteriformes Protopteridae 2
Order Momyriformes Momyridae 3
Order Carangiformes Carax hippos 2
Order Schilbeiformes Schilbe mystus 1

3.7. Sediment
The pH of the sediment is acidic with values ranging from 5.2 to 6.3. Texture
of the sediment varied from loamy sand to sandy loam, with low nitrate values
ranging from 0.01 to 2.71 ppm, the percentage total nitrogen values ranged from 0.14-
0.32. These values are low, and this indicates active mineralization of organic matter
due to decomposition activities. Available phosphorus concentration varied from 0.4
to 6.1mg/kg. Exchangeable cations Ca, Na, Mg and K have values ranging
respectively from (2.97-11.11mg/l), (0.02-0.72mg/l), (0.19-10.32) and (0.41-
6.23mg/l).
The results of the heavy metal are generally high indicating a
concentration/accumulation of these ions /metals in the sediment. The predominant
macrobenthic invertebrates communities of the ABC field area are mostly the fauna
inhabiting the bankroot biotope

3.8. Social and Health Impact Studies

3.8.1. Social Impact Studies
3.8.1.1. Demography
The estimated population of the communities within the ABC field area is
around 37.000 people. The demographic profile shows that 58.6% of the population
studied are males while 41.4% are females. About 39.8% of the population sampled
are less than 15 years with age group 5-9 years being the most populated (14.9%).
This demographic profile shows that the communities are dominated by youths and
there is high level of dependency in these communities.
Table 3.11. Demographic profile of the ABC field area
Age (Years) Male, % Female, % Total, % Cummulative, %
0-4 7.5 6.6 14.1 14.1
5-9 8.5 6.4 14.9 29
10-14 5.7 5.1 10.8 39.8

56
 15-19 6.9 4.8 11.7 51.5
20-24 5.1 3.8 8.9 60.4
25-29 3.7 2.7 6.4 66.8
30-34 3.9 2.4 6.3 73.1
35-39 4.6 3 7.6 80.7
40-44 2.7 2.1 4.8 85.5
45-49 2.8 1.5 4.3 89.8
50-54 2.5 1.3 3.8 93.6
55-59 2.1 1 3.1 96.7
>60 2.6 0.7 3.3 100
Total 58.6 41.4 100

The family size distribution of the communities within the ABC field area
(Table 4.14) showed that 33% of the respondents have a family size of 5 - 8 people,
21% of the respondents have 1 4 people and 46% of the respondents have above 8
people. These values show that the communities have a larger family size.
Table 3.12. Family size distribution of communities
Famili Sizes (range) % Respondents
1-4 21
5-8 33
9-12 27
Above 12 19
Total 100

3.8.1.2. Political Organization

Two levels of political organization, the formal governmental and the
local /traditional administration are operating in these communities. At the
local/traditional administration level, three tiers of authority are involved.
They include:
The traditional ruler and his chiefs,
Community development committee, and
The youth council.

57
 The Traditional ruler and his Chiefs are at the apex of political
authority in these communities but effective political power actually lies in the
hands of the members of executive of the community development committee
(CDC) (popularly known as the community executive). A chairman who is
invariably very charismatic heads this committee.
Committee members are entrusted with the day to-day affairs of the
community. All visitors are obliged to first of all confer with the chairman and
other members of the executive before activity of any sort is carried out.
Without the permission of the community executive, it is not possible for a
contractor or a consultant to carry on any business related to oil exploitation in
the area. The community executive reports to the traditional ruler and his
chiefs.
The third tier of Government/authority in the community is the youth
council headed by a vocal president. The council obeys and accepts the
decisions of the higher tiers of authority. They consult with the community
executive and the traditional rulers in all matters in the community and are not
permitted to act on any issue without due permission. Unlike the formal
governmental level where the three tiers of authority are very effective, the
youth restiveness that is common in these communities makes the traditional
administration ineffective.
3.8.1.3. Quality of life
Quality of life measures the amount and distribution of socio-economic
variables such as electricity, pipe borne water supply system, access road,
educational institutions, health facilities, housing type and a market for the
exchange of farm and other products
3.8.1.4. Road and Transportation
The construction of beachfront road in the field was proceeding during
the dry season field survey and was completed before the wet season field
survey. The terrain in these communities makes road building/construction
very expensive and difficult to undertake. The menace of floods is one of the
greatest problems facing the settlements. Rise in water levels may lead to the
total submergence of houses within the settlements. Hence adequate action has
to be taken to solve the problem. Transportation between communities is
tedious and expensive with the use of speedboats.

58
 The popular passport applied the major communities to mainland
towns like Warri where traders buy their goods. For short journeys, dugout
canoes (popularly known as hand-paddled canoe) are used and are usually
very slow and precarious as faster boats and river turbulence can make it very
risky.
3.8.1.5. Education
Education is one area in which the settlements have witnessed some
development. There are a total of 18 primary and 8 secondary schools
distributed almost evenly in the ABC field host communities. There is
however, the problem of shortage of teachers as all the schools (both primary
and secondary) are understaffed. At present staffing level, the teacher-pupil
ratios are 1: 177 and 1:52 for primary and secondary schools, respectively.
School enrolment is skewed in favor of males at both primary and secondary
levels. Boys make up 57.2 percent total enrolment in primary schools while
girls constitute42.2 percent of total enrolment at the secondary level. The
level of physical development in the schools has been enhanced by the
visibility of the schools. Even so, only a few staff quarters and sports facilities
exist.

3.8.2. Health Risk Assessment

The purpose of this matrix is to summarize in a birdss eye view the
different existing hazards to health within the community, determine the levels
to which the community members are exposed to these hazards and their
sensitivities to them. Levels of exposure have been arrived at through
questionnaire administration, participant observation and review of the
relevant literature. Unless certain epidemiologic conditions relating to agent,
host and environment are met, a health hazard may not necessarily lead to a
disease, illness or health condition. Vulnerability scale (1-10) in Table 4.15,
therefore, represents our assessment of the levels of interplay of these factors
within the respective communities to result in susceptibility to the particular
disease condition.

59
 Table 3.13. Health Risk Exposure Matrix (Health sensitiveness)
Health Hazard Risk to Health Current Level Sensitivity/vulnerability
of exposure index (scale 1-10)
within
communities
Bio-physical environment
Poor air quality Respiratory disease Moderate 7
High noise Hearing impairment, Moderate 7
level tolerance shift,
insomnia
Biotic factors, Fatalities, injury, Moderate to 7-9
wild animals disease transmission high
Abiotic factor, Weather related High 8
climate change maladies, vector
epidemiology
Lifestyle
Alcohol and Organ damage to Moderate 4
drugs & liver, lungs etc and
substance abuse also impaired mental
health
Exposure to Sex disease Moderate 7
casuality
Cultural Female gental Low 8
practices mutilation
Waste disposal Communicable High 9
and disease
management
Social issues
Insufficiency of Poor health High 7
infrastructure preventive and
management
interventions,

60
 insecurity, poor
communication
Level of crime Injury fatality Low 4
Level of Injury fatality Moderate 7
violence
Level of Lake of awareness on Low to 4
education appropriate moderate
preventive and health
management
Occupational
hazards
Fishing activity Unguinal hernias Moderate 6
Water transport Unguinal hernias Moderate 5

61
 CHAPTER IV
STUDY SCOPE

4.1. EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACT

4.1.1. Upper Section

A. Upstream Oil Development Project Activities
1. Pre Construction Phase
a. Land acquisition and planting growing
b. Recruitment
2. Construction Stage
a. Mobilization and demobilization of equipment
b. Opening and maturation of the land
c. Oil pipeline construction
d. Installation of oil pipelines
e. The release of labor
3. Operation Phase
a. Recruitment
b. Well development drilling
c. Production operations in GPF
d. Channeling gas through pipes
e. Transportation of condensate and sulfur by land transport
f. Maintenance of production facilities
4. Post-Operation
a. Closure of the well
b. Cessation of gas production operations
c. Demolition and disassembly equipment
d. Revegetation
e. The release of labor.

B. Potential Impacts
1. Climate change
2. Decreased ambient air quality
3. The occurrence of noise

62
 4. Changes in soil properties
5. The occurrence of soil erosion
6. Impaired irrigation and drainage systems
7. Changes in the quantity of surface water (river water)
8. Reduced surface water quality
9. Decrease of seawater quality
10. Decreased quantity of shallow ground water
11. Decrease in groundwater quantity
12. Disturbance of road transport
13. Disturbance of vegetation
14. Animal disorders
15. Disturbance of freshwater biota
16. Disturbance of sea water biota
17. Increased vegetation diversity and density
18. Increasing the diversity and abundance of wildlife
19. Change of population
20. Changes in land tenure patterns
21. Increased public income
22. There is a business opportunity
23. Decrease in business opportunity
24. Social process disruption
25. Social Coatings
26. Changes in community attitudes and perceptions
27. Decrease in environmental sanitation
28. Declining public health

C. Classification and Priorities Important Hypothetical Impacts

1. Prakonstruksi
a. Changes in land tenure pattern
b. Social process disruption
c. Changes in people's attitudes and perceptions
2. Construction
a. Ambient air quality change (dust and gas)
b. Noise occurred

63
 c. Soil erosion occurs
d. Impaired irrigation and drainage systems
e. Impaired traffic smoothness
f. Traffic safety disorder
g. Damage to roads and bridges
h. Reduced surface water quality
i. Decrease of seawater quality
j. Disturbance of vegetation
k. Animal disorders
l. Disturbance of freshwater biota
m. Disturbance of sea water biota
n. Increased public income
o. There is a business opportunity
p. Social process disturbances
q. Changes in community attitudes and perceptions
r. Decreasing the quality of environmental sanitation
3. Operation:
a. Decreased ambient air quality (dust and gas)
b. Increased noise
c. Impairment of surface water quality
d. Decrease of seawater quality
e. Traffic safety disorder
f. Damage to roads and bridges
g. Disturbance of freshwater biota
h. Population change
i. Increased public income
j. There is a chance to try
k. Social process disturbances
l. The emergence of social coatings
m. Changes in community attitudes and perceptions
n. Decreasing the quality of environmental sanitation
o. Declining public health

64
D. Post Operation:
1. Improved ambient air quality
2. Decreased noise
3. Improvement of surface water quality
4. Increasing the quality of sea water
5. Traffic safety disorder
6. Damage to roads and bridges
7. Increasing the diversity and density of vegetation
8. Increasing the diversity and abundance of animals
9. Decrease in people's income
10. Decrease in business opportunity
11. Changes in community attitudes and perceptions

65
 CHAPTER V
POTENTIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

5.1. General
Impact assessment is used to provide the reasoned predictions of all possible
consequences of policy decisions. Bandung United Ltd has already start the impact
assessment before the beginning of the project and covers various phases of the
project.

5.2. Principles of Impact Prediction and Evaluation

Prediction and evaluation should be based on methodological framework which
covers:
Overall prediction and evaluation process
Choice of prediction technique
Criteria for evaluating significance
The design of mitigation measures
Indirect impacts, long range impacts, and uncertainty

Assessment of
Interaction
Identification Evaluation of
between
of Project Impact
projects with
Activities and Significance
environmenta
Process
l components

Compare
Significant
Impacts with
existing
regulations

5.3. Impact Assessment and Methodology

There are several methods and approaches to evaluate potential environment impacts.
These are the techniques which are most widely used:

5.3.1. The Overlay Technique

The Overlay Technique (McHarg, 1968) uses a series of transparencies to identify
impacts in a geographical area. The information collected is about environmental

66
factors gathered by aerial photography, topography, land inventory maps, field
observations, public meetings, and discussions. The concerns are assembled to draw a
regional map. Series of overlays of land-use suitability, action compatibility, and
engineering feasibility are evaluated visually in order to get the best combination.

5.3.2. Leoplad Matrix

Leopald Matrix (Leopald et al., 1971) is a comprehensive checklist designed for the
assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of construction project.

5.3.3. Battelle Environmental Evaluation System

The Battelle Environmental Evaluation (Dee et al., 1973) system involves the
separation of human concerns into four categories namely, ecology,
physical/chemical, aesthetics and socio-economics. For each component, the Battelle
system develops an index of environmental quality, normalized to a scale ranging
from 0 to 1. The environmental quality scores are than multiplied with weighting
factor and then summed up to give the total environmental quality score.

5.3.4. Peterson Matrix

Peterson Matrix (Peterson et al., 1974) is a modified Leopald matrix which is adopted
for screening and scooping exercise of this project. Ordinal scale is used to evaluate
individual impacts.

5.4. Screening and Scoping the Potential Impacts

It is important to do an effective screening. Without it, unnecessarily large numbers of
actions will be assessed while some actions with significant impacts will be neglected.
The screening should identify two approaches which are:
Compilation of list of actions to determine which actions should be assessed
Establishment of a actions procedure to determine which actions should be
assessed
The potential impacts assessment for the swamp ecosystem in ABC field are derived
from the following:
Knowledge of project activities, equipment types, and layout of the project
facilities
The status of the baseline of the environment
Findings of other EIA studies on similar projects

67
 Experience on similar projects
Series of expert group discussions and meetings
The criteria which are used to predict the impacts of this project to the swamp
environment are:
Magnitude probable severity
Prevalence likely extent of the impact
Duration and frequency intermittent, short term, long term
Risk probability of serious effects
Importance value attached to the undisturbed project environment
After the screening is done, it indicates that drilling and completion, construction of
surface facilities, transportation of materials during construction, presence of
infrastructure during production pose a threat to the biotic and abiotic components.
The effect of drilling, surface facilities construction, and completion are expected to
be short-term. Impacts from operational phase are expected to be long-term.
The social components are expected to beneficial because there will be recruitment of
labor force will increase income and will contribute to the Indonesian economy. The
main environmental components that will be significantly affected are water quality,
ecology, fisheries, wildlife animal, health, and safety of the workers and nearby
communities. The impact indicators used for his EIA are presented in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Environmental Components and Potential Impact Indicators
Environmental Components Impact Indicators
Climate Temperature, Rainfall, Relative Humidity
Air Quality Particulate, NO2, SO2, CO2, CO, VOC
Soil Soil type and structure, physico-chemical
and microbiological characteristic
Surface water characteristics Dissolved and suspended solids,
turbidity, and toxicity
Ecology / Hydrobiology Species diversity, abundance,
productivity
Sediment characteristics pH, metal concentration

The grading of the potential impact is done on a scale 1 to 5 with the interpretations as
follows:

68
 1 = very low impact (insignificant)
2 = Low impact (insignificant)
3 = Moderate Impact (significant)
4 = High impact (significant)
5 = Very high impact (significant)
The grading relative to the time period are as follows:
Transient = A few hours to some days
Short term = < 6 months
Medium-term = 6-12 months
Long term = >12 months
Very long/Permanent = < 5 years
Checklist of key project and description of the potential and associated impacts are
presented in Table 5.2

Table 5.2 Potential and Associated Impact Identification Checklist

Nature of Impacts
Project General Description of
Beneficia
Activity Impacts Adverse Short-term Long-term
l
Mobilization Interference with other public
and other and private water transport
logistic activities and alternative uses X X
demands of the mobilization route and
drilling sites
Emission of atmospheric
X X
pollutants
Pollution to surface water by
chemical used for metal x X
surface coating
Site Preparation and Drilling
Dredging Increased turbidity of surface
water and disturbance of the x x
aquatic ecosystem

69
Unintentional Increase in biological and
Discharge chemical toxicity of surface
water from chemicals, waste, x x
spent mud, oily waste water,
and additives discharge
Pollution of surface water
from spilled hydrocarbons
which may occur as a result x X
of blowouts, flowline
problem, etc.
Destruction of benthic flora
and fauna by unintentional
X X
dumping od drilling mud and
cuttings
Employment Increase income and welfare
of locals
force labor as
X X
skilled and
unskilled
labor
Discharge of Increase in toxicity of surface
X X
drill cuttings, water
other wastes, Localized dumping of
and gaseous drilling mud and cuttings X x
emission around the area
Operations
Operations Pollutants from engines
combustion and well testing X X
flaring
Noise from the operations
X X
engines
Increased national revenue
X X
from production

70
 Employment of locals and
increase of the business X X
activity nearby
Community Development
X X
Programs
Oil spills Contamination of surface
water which will reduce the
X X
light penetration thus reduce
the ecosystem productivity
Oil contamination also
reduce dissolved oxygen in
X X
water which can lead to the
death of aquatic organism
Spilled oil increase toxicity X X
Decommissioning and Abandonment
Decommissio Collision of boats with
ning and abandoned platform X X
Abandonmen structures
t Hydrocarbon leak from the
X X
abandoned wellhead

5.5. Potential Impact Evaluation

The purpose of the evaluation is to assign the significance effect of the project and to
determine the priority order of which impact are to be avoided or mitigated. The first
step is to determine the magnitude of the activity and evaluate the significant effect of
the impact to its ecological and social values. The evaluation were carried using
modified Leopald and Peterson Matrix shown in Table 6.3.
The significance of the impacts are based on these following statements:
Effect of project action on wildlife
Ecosystem sensitivity, biodiversity, and carrying capacity
Viability of local species population
Rare and endangered species

71
 Duration
Demand on transport
Based on the matrix shown in Table 5.3, projects which adversely impact the
environment of nearby area are transportation of equipment and materials,
construction, and abandonment. The impacts which are frequently occurred are at the
construction phase but the period are in short term, the impact will be localized and
transient. However mitigation will be done to eliminate or reduce these impacts to
tolerable level. Overall the beneficial impacts of the project will be long term and will
affect the increase of business activities, employment of the locals, community
development will be held.
5.3 Impact Evaluation Matrix
Project Activities
of

Site Mobilization/ other

Flowline
Ecological Components

and

/
Operations / Maintenance

Emission
Rating

Materials Transport
Waste Disposal

Spill and Leaks

Demobilization
/
logistic needs

Environmental
Construction
Installation
Aggregate

Dredging

Components (x)

Gaseous
Drilling
Laying

Flares
(y)

Air Quality
Particulates 2 -2 -3 -3 -2 -3 -1 -3
Acid gases (SOx, NOx, 2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -3
NH3)
COx 2 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -3
VOC 2 -2 -2 -3
Surface Water Quality
Turbidity and solids 4 -1 -3 -3 -3 -2 -2 -4
Temperature 4 -2 -3 -4 -2 -2 -1 -1
Oil and Grease 4 -1 -3 -3 -4 -3 -1 -4 -1
Biochemical Parameters 4 -1 -2 -3 -3 -3 -1 -4
Ground Water Quality
Turbidity and solids 4 -1 -2 -1
Oil and Grease 4 -1 -1 -1
Biochemical Parameters 4 -2 -2 -2

72
Aquatic Ecology
Diversity and abundance 4 -1 -1 -2 -1 -1 -2 -1 -3 -1
Productivity 4 -1 -1 -3 -1 -2 -2 -1 -4 -1
Catch and Yield 4 -1 -1 -2 -1 -2 -2 -1 -4 -1
Vegetation / Terestrial Diversity
Diversity and abundance 5 -1 -2 -3 -2 -2
Forest Resources 5 -1 -2 -3 -2 -1
Habitat 5 -2 -2 -4 -3 -2
Productivity 5 -1 -2 -4 -2 -2
Soils / Land use
Soil fertility / productivity 2 -1 -3 -2 -1 -3
Soil Erosion 2 -3 -2 -3 -1
Land take 1 -4 -3 -2 -1
Sediment Characteristics
Physico-chemistry 3 -1 -2 -1 -1 -2
Productivity 4 -2 -3 -1 -3 -1 -3
Noise / Vibration
On-site 3 -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1
Off-site 3 -1 -2 -2 -1 -2 -1

5.6. Detailed Description of Potential Impacts

5.6.1. Rig Mobilization

The drilling campaign will involve several movements in the course of the drilling
project. These operations and activities are likely to have the following impacts:
Discharges and emissions
Creek disturbance and interference due to anchoring and movement;
Fisheries interaction; and
Boat navigation interaction.
The process of mobilization and movement of construction materials to site shall
exert stress on the creeks resulting in the suspension of sediments.

73
5.6.2. Drilling
The following category of liquid effluent, and other potential release during drilling
may affect the water quality of the block. These includes:
Drilling fluid and cuttings;
Grey water from house-showers or galley
Black water from sewage system
Accidental releases (such as diesel fuel, crude oil)

5.6.2.1. Drilling Fluid Cuttings

Bandung United Ltd consider the need for clean and unpolluted environment in their
operational areas and therefore propose to use water based mud (WBM) and pseudo
oil based mud (POBM) in their proposed drilling programs. WBM are widely viewed
by the industry and regulators as being sufficiently non-toxic as to have special
disposal requirements. According to the UNEP (1985) WBM and POBM discharges
are not especially toxic, being either biochemically inert or non-toxic derivatives of
natural product.
The primary causes of drilling impacts are from smothering of the sediment by
discharged materials, which includes the drilling rock cuttings and the drilling mud.
The cuttings will be threatened before it is released to environment.

5.6.2.2. Sewage and Sanitary Wastes

This includes all sanitary waste and grey-water that is water from showers sinks,
garbage disposal, etc. This waste will be treated in the sanitary sewage treatment unit
before disposal.

5.6.2.3. Accidental Oil Spill

The impact on aquatic life is compounded by toxicity and tainting effects resulting
from the chemical composition of oil, as well as by the diversity and variability of
biological systems and their sensitivity to oil pollution. The effects of oil spills on fish
larvae are even more pronounced when dispersants are used. In addition, crude oil
contamination of the water from which phytoplankton derive nutrients will adversely
affect the rate of primary production.

5.6.3. Impact due to Dredging

Dredging activities during the proposed project will result in the following impacts:

74
 Changes in water quality e.g. higher turbidity, reduced light penetration, stress
on photosynthetic algae including other light sensitive organisms.
Noise of dredging operations.
Offensive smell from dredged spoils.
Loss of biodiversity.
Vibrations.
Prevention of fish migrating to spawning grounds.
Destruction of spawning grounds by the removal of habits.
Possible release of locked up nutrients by the agitation and overflow of
dredged spoil.
Possible depletion of local fish communities.

5.6.4. Impact due to Flowline Installation

Flowlines will be laid across the Creek-bed resulting in localized bed disturbance.
Such disturbances may take the form of loss of benthic organisms through smothering
or burial, interference with fishing activities, navigational impacts, suspended solids,
anchor damage to the creek-bed, etc.

5.6.5. Gaseous Emission

Atmospheric or gaseous emissions anticipated during the project will emanate from
fuel powered boats, electrical generators, vented gases (during testing), flared gases
from well testing/well clean-up, helicopter, and fugitive emissions.

5.6.6.mpact on Fishing
The presence of utility boats on the creeks during transportation of equipment and
materials would obstruct the movement of fishing boats. In addition, the high
turbidity of the surface waters that is likely to result during drilling and other
construction activities would reduce dissolved oxygen, which is crucial for fish yield.

5.6.7. Impact on Well blow-out

Well blowouts or explosions are associated with geological formations that are
characterized by abnormal formation pressure. The subsequent explosion could emit
dangerous gases into the air, as well as oil and chemicals into the swamp
environment.

75
 5.6.8. Beneficial Impacts
The execution of the field development plan activities will provide employment
opportunities for unemployed Indonesians.

5.7. Risk Assessment

Risk assessment according to Wathern (1986) stresses formal quantification of
probability and uncertainty. A risk assessment typically includes a determination of
the types of hazard posed, together with estimates of probability of their occurrence.

5.7.1. Assessment of Hazards

The portrayal of risk and screening criteria for potential accidents and chronic effects
are presented in Table 5.4.
Table 5.4 HSE Risk Matrix
Consequences Probability
A B C D E
Sever People Assets Enviro Reputa Never Incident Incident Happen Happen
ity nment tion heard has has s s
of such occurred occurred several several
incident in oil in ABC times in times in
in industry Field ABC district
industr Field
y
0 No No Single No
injury damage effect impact
1 Slight Slight Slight Slight
LOW
injury damage effect impact
2 Minor Minor Minor Limite
injury damage effect d RISK
Impact
3 Major Localiz Locali Consid
MEDIU
injury ed zed erable
M
damage effect impact
4 Single Major Major Nation
RISK HIGH
Fatality damage effect al

76
 impact
5 Multipl Extensi Massi Interna
e ve ve tional RISK
Fatality damage effect impact

5.7.2. Project Risk Management

In order to continuously address the risks associated with this project a risk register
was set up and routinely updated.

5.7.3. Health, Safety, and Environmental Management in Field ABC

The HSE management system in this field has already implemented ISO 14001
standard.

77
 CHAPTER VI
IMPORTANT IMPACT EVALUATION

6.1. General
This chapter presents the mitigation measures and alternatives developed to mitigate
the significant negative impacts of all phases of the proposed project in Field ABC.
To minimize the impacts to the environment, mitigation measures are proposed for
the previously identified impacts. The approaches to the mitigation measures are as
follows:
Enhancement
Reduction
Avoidance
Compensation

6.2. Process Monitoring and Control Technology

The major part of mitigation measures is to use process control and shut down system
with minimum human operator intervention. The Emergency Shutdown System and
other safety system are checked every period of time based on the existing
regulations. Fire detection system is provided in high risk areas including fire hydrant
and portable fire extinguisher placed in strategic location. Instrumentation will be
designed for remote status monitoring, calibration and configuration. Reliability of
the instruments will allow for no failure maintenance.

6.3. Important Impact Mitigation Measures

The proposed mitigation measures for the impacts which were previously identified
are shown in Table 6.1.

78
 Table 6.1. The proposed mitigation measures
Project Environmental
Project Activity Proposed Mitigation Measures
Phase Aspect
Site Site Clearance / Disturbance / Bandung United Ltd shall embark on
Preparatio Excavation interference community development programs in line with
n the peoples needs and desires
Bandung United Ltd shall engage bulk unskilled
labor form the host community
Sustain open door policy to enhance flow of
information to and from host communities to
maintain existing relationship
All logistics arrangement shall be put in place to
ensure that rig travel time is not prolonged
unnecessarily
Land take / Compensation for any land taken and resource
land acquisition loss shall be adequate and in time
Habitat loss Vegetation clearing activities shall be reduced
Re-vegetation of cleared areas that are not used
during operations
Existing ROWs shall be utilized as much as
possible
Disruption / Numerous access road construction shall be
blockage of minimized
natural Maintain and repair existing facility access road
drainage
pathways
Erosion threat After drilling and commissioning the areas shall
be re-vegetated
Open up drainage systems around the project
areas
Emission of Bandung United Ltd shall maintains fuel
atmospheric combustion engines at optimal operating
pollutants from conditions to reduce emission of exhaust gases
exhaust
Dredging Increased Alternative source of drinking water shall be
turbidity of provided
surface water/ Silt screens or other filtering methods shall be
pollution to used
drinking water
sources
Threat to fishes Dredged soil shall be used in construction of
and other sedimentation basin to reduce turbulence of
aquatic life- water flow.
forms
Threat of Dredging shall be systematic to allow
erosion movement of forms to safer areas
Dredge spoil Dredging activities shall be monitored
disposal Dredge material shall be widely distributed in a
thin layer at the disposal site to maintain natural

79
 substrate contours and elevation
Well Rig mobilization Disturbance / Bandung United Ltd shall embark on
drilling and positioning, interference community development programs in line with
installation of the peoples needs and desires
jackets, Bandung United Ltd shall engage bulk unskilled
pipelines, etc. labor form the host community
and boat Sustain open door policy to enhance flow of
movements information to and from host communities to
maintain existing relationship
All logistics arrangement shall be put in place to
ensure that rig travel time is not prolonged
unnecessarily
Noise / Exposure to high noise equipment shall be
vibration restricted to the recommended 8 hours a day
limit
The use of earmuffs in high noise zones shall be
enforced
Pressure to Bandung United Ltd shall continue to assist in
socio-economic providing infrastructure facilities in the area and
facilities in maintenance of the existing ones
The rig shall not be made to stop for long
periods of time at points where socio economics
activities are a period
Deteriorated Excavation and other activities that may result
landscape in alteration of landscape shall be strictly
monitored
Waste disposal Pollution of Bandung United Ltd shall activate its oil spill
ponds and river contingency in order to minimize the impacts
Bandung United Ltd shall manage wastes
generated in accordance with regulation and
standard practice
Pollution of Bandung United Ltd shall activate its oil spill
water by rig contingency in order to minimize the impacts
coating Bandung United Ltd shall manage wastes
chemicals generated in accordance with regulation and
standard practice
Workplace Bandung United Ltd shall enforce work
accidents or procedure in line with industry standards and
man overboard regulations on safety
HSE training shall be periodically conducted
Drill cuttings Bandung United Ltd shall treat all drill cuttings
handling to be treated properly
Oil leakage Bandung United Ltd shall activate its oil spill
resulting from contingency in order to minimize the impacts
existing Bandung United Ltd shall manage wastes
pipelines generated in accordance with regulation and
rupture standard practice
Drill mud Bandung United Ltd shall collect, treat, and
handling reuse all drilling used muds

80
Operations Material Noise and Exposure to high noise equipment shall be
and transport vibration restricted to the recommended 8 hours a day
maintenan limit
ce The use of earmuffs in high noise zones shall be
enforced
Disturbance Bandung United Ltd shall embark on
and community development programs in line with
interference the peoples needs and desires
Bandung United Ltd shall engage bulk unskilled
labor form the host community
Sustain open door policy to enhance flow of
information to and from host communities to
maintain existing relationship
All logistics arrangement shall be put in place to
ensure that rig travel time is not prolonged
unnecessarily
Spill and leaks Pollution of Bandung United Ltd shall activate its oil spill
rivers and contingency in order to minimize the impacts
ponds Bandung United Ltd shall manage wastes
generated in accordance with regulation and
standard practice
Gas flaring Pollutants and Bandung United Ltd shall maintain fuel
emission to the combustion engines at optimal conditions to
air reduce emission of exhaust gases
Water disposal Contamination Bandung United Ltd shall treat wastes suitable
of soil from with the regulation limit before disposal
disposal of Wastes pit constructed for collection of wastes
sand/oil, spent shall meet the requirement and standard of
oils, etc. regulations
Routine inspection of wellheads and other
facilities shall be maintained
ROW shall be regularly cleared and maintained
to ensure facilities integrity
Host communities shall be educated on the
expected spill responses activities as well as the
prevention
Health, Risks, Bandung United Ltd shall treat all generated
and Hazards waste meet with the regulation limit
HSE training shall be routinely held
Development of Possible Bandung United Ltd shall ensure that all staff
workers for conflict with deployed to the area are briefed on local culture
various phases local cultures and taboos
of project Movement/other restrictions shall be strictly
enforced. E.g. fishing
Possible Bandung United Ltd shall maintain regular
introduction medical examinations for all staff
and spread of Abstinence/safe sex shall be encouraged
diseases The use of narcotics are strictly prohibited
Abandon Demobilization Availability of Beneficial impacts requires no mitigations

81
ment and land
abandonment Hazards from Facilities such as well head which cannot be
abandoned removed shall be marked as danger zone to
facilities warn people
Disturbance / Bandung United Ltd shall embark on
interference community development programs in line with
the peoples needs and desires
Bandung United Ltd shall engage bulk unskilled
labor form the host community
Sustain open door policy to enhance flow of
information to and from host communities to
maintain existing relationship
All logistics arrangement shall be put in place to
ensure that rig travel time is not prolonged
unnecessarily
Alteration of Bandung United Ltd shall develop detailed
established abandonment program which also address the
landscape use of the land after the decommissioning
facilities

82
 CHAPTER VII
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1. General
This Environmental Management Plan is one of the efforts to handle and
managing the environment in implementing the project at ABC field, Tanjung
Redeb, Kalimantan Timur.
This document is very important, not only for the operator but also for other
institution such as local government and communities. This chapter is expected to
support successful development in mining, energy and regional development
which are aligned with environment. Broadly, these environmental management
activities can also encourage other sectors to participate in realizing development
which are aligned with environment.
With the concept of upstream and downstream business, the responsibility of the
environmental management of the Environment Impact Assessment study results
is also separated referring to the concept described in the EIA document.
Upstream environmental management is a responsibility of Bandung United
Limited Company.

7.2. Purpose and Objectives

a. Operator
1. Keeping the activities in the field in according to the plan
2. Optimizing development costs and managing project operations
3. Ensure the maintenance of environmental carrying capacity of the
building / project facilities
4. Coordinate activities, management and mitigation of environmental
impacts
b. Government and Relevant Agencies
1. Avoiding the overlapping of natural resource use
2. Preventing social unrest
3. Ensure order and security
4. Maintain the maintenance of socio-economic and cultural life in
society

83
 5. Input for the competent authority in formulating a management
plan regional environment, both regionally and nationally
6. Know the authority and responsibility of each agency
7. Efficient use of environmental management funds
8. Optimizing the utilization of project development outcomes and the
ingredients for socio-economic and cultural interests of society
c. Communities
1. Avoid the negative impacts that may arise from the Project
Development at ABC field, Tanjung Redeb, Kalimantan
Timur
2. Utilize the positive impact that may arise from the
Development Project plan at ABC field, Tanjung Redeb,
Kalimantan Timur

7.3. Environmental Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan is presented in Table 7.1.

84
 Table 7.1. The Environmental Management Plan

Success Institution
Form of
Environmental Source of Indicator of
Environmental Location Period Operato
Impact Impact Environment Supervisor Report to
Management r
Management
Construction Phase
Environment Impact
Water quality Alternative of TSS and Renew the Permission Permission Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
decrease and mud and concentration procedure of proposal is proposal is done g United Environment Environment
decrease of cuttings in 500 m drilling practice done at before drilling Ltd , KLH , KLH
aquatic disposal to sea radius from and give training operators process Kabupaten Kabupaten
animals mud and to drilling team central office Berau Berau,
abundance cuttings about the in Jakarta Recycle Bapealda
disposal meet environmental components Kalimantan
KepMen LH aspects Recycle is which are used Timur,
No.51 2004 done at the in drilling Dirjen
Renew the deck MIGAS,
Minimalize treatment Mud and Dirjen
potential of procedure of Mud and Cuttings Perhubungan
change in mud and cuttings are disposal will be Laut
water cuttings disposed done while
plankton and near drilling drilling
benthos Do LC 50-96 site
uniformity hours test to
and diversity WBM at least
once before the
Minimalize use of the mud

85
 the potential
of the Do recycle
abundance of practice as much
nekton and as possible
diversity of
sea mammals Logging of
disposed mud
and cuttings
volume
Mud and Perform Update the Permission Permission Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
cuttings reinjection of procedure of proposal is proposal is done g United Environment Environment
reinjection to mud and drilling practice done at before drilling Ltd , KLH , KLH
subsurface cuttings and give training operators process Kabupaten Kabupaten
formation correspondin to drilling team central office Berau Berau,
g with the about the in Jakarta Reinjection is Bapealda
regulation environmental performed Kalimantan
aspects Reinjection during drilling Timur,
is performed Dirjen
Update the at well site MIGAS,
procedure of Dirjen
waste treatment Perhubungan
Laut
Update the
procedure of
emergency
disposal by
reinjection

86
 Make sure that
Injection zone is
not fresh water
aquifer

Perform
subsurface
modelling

Logging of
disposed mud
and cuttings
volume
Land erosion Dredging of Minimalize Minimalize land Ditch During pipeline Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
and decrease ditch in land land erosion clearing area location installation g United Environment Environment
of water for pipe and TSS Ltd , KLH , KLH
quality installation concentration Include erosion Kabupaten Kabupaten
potential on surface on design factor Berau Berau,
during water Bapealda
pipeline Set drainage Kalimantan
installation pattern and Timur,
sediment control Dirjen
MIGAS,
Perform Dirjen
revegetation on Perhubungan
affected land Laut
Problem to Transportation Minimalize Update the Sea transport During Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
abundance and the potential procedure of sea routes transportation g United Environment Environment

87
diversity of of the mammals period Ltd , KLH , KLH
sea animals decrease of protection and Kabupaten Kabupaten
sea animals perform Berau Berau,
abundance socialization Bapealda
Kalimantan
Update the Timur,
procedure of Dirjen
emergency when MIGAS,
there are Dirjen
pollution from Perhubungan
ship Laut

Provide facilities
for emergency
situation

No fishing
regulation
Installation of Minimalize Update the Construction During Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
rig or platform the potential procedure of sea area installation g United Environment Environment
of the mammals Ltd , KLH , KLH
decrease of protection and Kabupaten Kabupaten
sea animals perform Berau Berau,
abundance socialization Bapealda
Kalimantan
Update the Timur,
procedure of Dirjen
emergency MIGAS,

88
 during facilities Dirjen
installation Perhubungan
Laut
Provide facilities
for emergency
situation

Perform routine
maintenance

Perform waste
treatment
Drilling and Minimalize Update the Drilling are During drilling Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
waste disposal the potential procedure of sea g United Environment Environment
of the mammals Ltd , KLH , KLH
decrease of protection and Kabupaten Kabupaten
sea animals perform Berau Berau,
abundance socialization Bapealda
Kalimantan
Update the Timur,
procedure of Dirjen
waste treatment MIGAS,
during drilling Dirjen
Perhubungan
Provide facilities Laut
for emergency
situation

89
 Perform
management
planning on
solid and liquid
waste

Perform waste
treatment
Decrease on Flare emission Minimalize Update well test Rig During well Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
air quality during well well test procedure with testing g United Environment Environment
test period the duration Ltd , KLH , KLH
constraint Kabupaten Kabupaten
Limitation on Berau Berau,
flared gas Keep on the Bapealda
maximum flared Kalimantan
gas on 100 Timur,
MMSCFD Dirjen
during well MIGAS,
cleanup Dirjen
Perhubungan
Laut
Emission on Gas emission Update Diesel During Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
diesel from diesel operation generator generator g United Environment Environment
generator generator procedure of operation Ltd , KLH , KLH
meet PerMen diesel generator Kabupaten Kabupaten
LH no. 13 Berau Berau,
200- and Operate the Bapealda
General EHS generator Kalimantan

90
 Guideline suitable with its Timur,
2007 specification Dirjen
MIGAS,
Perform routine Dirjen
maintenance Perhubungan
Laut
Contamination Storing and Minimize Update on Storing Storing facilities Bandun Ministry of Ministry of
of soil refilling of fuel probability of handling location on has been g United Environment Environment
and chemicals fuel and procedure of B3 land designed before Ltd , KLH , KLH
chemical material the activity Kabupaten Kabupaten
spill on soil Berau Berau,
Update the Routine Bapealda
Handling on emergency maintenance is Kalimantan
spill can be procedure performed Timur,
done Dirjen
effectively Availability of MIGAS,
according to HSE team Dirjen
the procedure Perhubungan
Make sure the Laut
container is safe
and in good
condition

Install label and

symbol on the
materials
container

91
 Treat the
contaminated
soil
Social Impact
Labor Employment Availability Bandung United Nearest During Bandun Kementrian Ministry of
opportunity of Ltd will employ village construction g United Lingkungan Environment
during recruitment the local people Ltd HIdup, , KLH
construction of and lay off for unskilled Dinas Kabupaten
facilities strategy labor Tenaga Berau,
Kerja Bapealda
The The local people Kalimantan
percentage of is the priority Timur,
worker
achieved After the end of
the contract,
After the end worker will be
of the returned to their
contract, home
worker
received all
of their rights
Improvement Business Improvement Optimize the use Nearest During Bandun Kementrian Ministry of
of local opportunity of local of local product village construction g United Lingkungan Environment
business because of product from farming, Ltd HIdup, KLH , KLH
recruitment and fishing Kabupaten Kabupaten
and labor sectors Berau Berau,
mobilization Bapealda
Kalimantan

92
 Timur,
Disturbance in Implementatio Note of Perform Nearest During Bandun Kementrian Ministry of
fishery and n of limited consultation consultation village construction. g United Lingkungan Environment
accessibility of and restricted with with local Transportation, Ltd HIdup, KLH , KLH
sea transport zone around communities communities and installation Kabupaten Kabupaten
the transport Berau Berau,
and installation Income Livelihood Bapealda
zone recovery diversification Kalimantan
program are are implemented Timur,
implemented during platform
for local installation
fisherman
Installation of
Sea signs are sea signs
installed
Coordinate with
Availability local
of communities
notification
letter to
communities
Communitys Implementatio Note of Perform Nearest During Bandun Kementrian Ministry of
perception, n of limited consultation consultation village with construction. g United Lingkungan Environment
social stress and restricted with with local transportatio Transportation, Ltd HIdup, KLH , KLH
due to job zone around communities communities n rate, and installation Kabupaten Kabupaten
opportunity, the transport platform, Berau Berau,
fishery, and installation Availability Perform drill site, and Bapealda
transportation, zone of complaint complaint flaring Kalimantan

93
and flaring procedure procedure Timur,
Operation Phase
Environmental Impact
Increase of Existing of Increase on Maintain the Off-shore During Bandun Kementrian Ministry of
aquatic biota offshore sea animals positive impact platform operational g United Lingkungan Environment
abundance platform compared to by: phase Ltd HIdup, KLH , KLH
previous The solid Kabupaten Kabupaten
condition of wastes are Berau Berau,
environment dumped on the Bapealda
shore Kalimantan
Timur,
Implementing
fishing
restriction
Social Impact
Disturbance Implementatio Note of Perform Nearest During Bandun Kementrian Ministry of
on fishing n of limited consultation consultation village operration g United Lingkungan Environment
activity and and restricted with with local Ltd HIdup, KLH , KLH
accessibility of zone communities communities Kabupaten Kabupaten
sea transport Berau Berau,
Income Livelihood Bapealda
recovery diversification Kalimantan
program are are implemented Timur,
implemented during platform
for local installation
fisherman
Installation of
Sea signs are sea signs

94
 installed
Coordinate with
Availability local
of communities
notification
letter to
communities
Community Implementatio Note of Perform Nearest During Bandun Kementrian Ministry of
perception and n of limited consultation consultation village with operation g United Lingkungan Environment
social stress and restricted with with local transportatio Ltd HIdup, KLH , KLH
because of zone communities communities n rate, Kabupaten Kabupaten
platform platform, Berau Berau,
Availability Perform drill site, and Bapealda
of complaint complaint flaring Kalimantan
procedure procedure Timur,
Abandonment
Environmental Impact
Demobilizatio Heavy Availability Beneficial Site location During Bandun Kementrian Ministry of
n and equipment and of land impacts requires decommissionin g United Lingkungan Environment
abandonment noise no mitigations g Ltd HIdup, KLH , KLH
Hazards from Kabupaten Kabupaten
abandoned Facilities such as Berau Berau,
facilities well head which Bapealda
cannot be Kalimantan
Disturbance / removed shall be Timur,
interference marked as
danger zone to
Alteration of warn people

95
established
landscape Bandung United
facilities Ltd shall embark
on community
development
programs in line
with the
peoples needs
and desires

Bandung United
Ltd shall engage
bulk unskilled
labor form the
host community

Sustain open
door policy to
enhance flow of
information to
and from host
communities to
maintain
existing
relationship

All logistics
arrangement

96
shall be put in
place to ensure
that rig travel
time is not
prolonged
unnecessarily

Bandung United
Ltd shall
develop detailed
abandonment
program which
also address the
use of the land
after the
decommissionin
g

97
 CHAPTER VIII
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

8.1. Introduction
The Environmental Monitoring Plan is one of the efforts to monitor
Implementation and results of management environmental in implementing
the ABC field development project, Tanjung Redeb, East Kalimantan.
ABC field development project will affect the quality of the existing
environment with the coverage of that Large enough, hence for its
implementation it is necessary to include the management plan
Environment, start from activities in pre-construction to postoperative
stages. Whether the work is done or not, the implementation of
environmental management can be known through environmental
monitoring which Contained in the Planning of Monitoring Environmental
document. On the other side, The existence of planning of monitoring
environmental will be able to support the success of development,
Especially in the oil and gas mining sector and regional development. On a
larger scale, The extent of these environmental monitoring activities will
encourage other sectors to participate in realizing a development in a good
environmentally.
For the benefit of Bandung United Ltd., Plan of Monitoring Environment
has functions to:
Maintaining the activity in the field stick to the plan / schedule
Optimize the development and monitoring costs Bandung United Ltd.
ABC development Development Project, Tanjung Redeb, East
Kalimantan;
Optimize the utilization of other resources;
Ensure the maintenance of environmental carrying capacity of the
building / facilities Bandung United Ltd;
Coordinate environmental monitoring activities
If it is viewed from the interests of other party, the Plan of monitoring
environment serves to:
Avoid overlapping of natural resources utilization;
Prevent public anxiety in the Project area Development of Tanjung
redeb, East Kalimantan;
Ensure order and security;
Maintaining socio-economic-cultural life in society.
In relation to general development, the monitoring environmental plan may
serve to:
Provide input to the monitoring of the regional environment;
Is a coordination material for the competent authority to prepare a
environmental management and monitoring plans for regional and
national;

98
 Knowing the exact limits of their respective powers and
responsibilities;
Use of regional environmental monitoring funds efficiently;
Optimize the utilization of ABC field Development Project result,
Tanjung Redeb, East Kalimantan.
The plan of monitoring environment of the ABC field Development
Project, Tanjung Redeb, East Kalimantan is guided by the Regulation
of the State Minister for the Environment, no. 08 of 2006 on
Guidelines for the Preparation of AMDAL, Decree of the Minister of
Energy and Mineral Resources No. 1457 / K / 38 / MEM / 2000 on
Technical Guidelines for Environmental Management in the Field of
Mining and Energy, and Decree of State Minister of Environment No.
45 of 2005 on Guidelines for Preparation of RKL and RPL
Implementation Report.
With the concept of upstream and downstream business, the
responsibility for implementing environmental monitoring activities
resulting from the ANDAL study is also separated by reference to the
concept described in the ANDAL document. Upstream environmental
monitoring is the sole responsibility of Bandung United Ltd.
1. Purpose and Objectives
The purpose and objectives of the Environmental Monitoring Plan are:
Identify environmental monitoring activities against affected
environmental components with methods and ways that are considered
good and appropriate for Implemented by various stakeholders at a
certain time and space;
Conduct monitoring activities in a systematic, directed, planned, and
related to activities that are forecasted as an important source of
impact, so that will be a study that can be used as an evaluation of
environmental conditions

2. The Use Of Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring is very useful not only for the proponent, but
also for the government and society.
a. For Proponent
As a control whether the environmental management has been
implemented to achieve expected results. In addition, the monitoring
enviromental plan is used to test the effectiveness of the technology
used in the environmental management;
As a warning as early as possible about environmental changes that are
not desired due to the activities of the ABC field Development Project,
Tanjung Redeb, East alimantan, so that prevention and mitigation can
be quickly, accurately and sustainably improved or perfected .
b. For government or related agencies
As material to coordinate in the implementation of environmental
quality monitoring.
c. For the community
Assist in monitoring the quality of the environment in general.

99
 Table 8.1. Matrix Environmental Monitoring Plan
Downstream operation (phase: pre-construction, contruction, operation, and post operation)
Monitored Important impact Environmental monitoring plan Monitoring institution
Purpose of
Source of Time/freque
environmental Gathering method Supervis Report
Type Indicator impact Location ncy Operator
monitoring and data analysis or to
monitoring
1. Air quality
Construction phase
- Evaluate
efectivity
dust - Sampling
supression method
Gas emission
control - Analysis
and dust from
- Evaluate method: In 2 point Pusat
diesel
control Spectrofotome along road Studi Bandu
Air quality machine, Every 3
Reduced air device of ter, NDIR which Lingkun ng
(SO2, CO) some heavy month each ITB
quality standart Analyzer, Hi- passed by gan United
transportation phase
emission and Vol mobilizatio Hidup Ltd
and tool used
the use of - Comparing n ITB
to mobilize
fuel with low result with
construction
sulfur content standart air
- Evaluate quality
efectivity K3
tools

100
 - Sampling
- Evaluate
method
effectivity of
- Analysis
acid gas
- Operation method: Pusat
removal unit
production Spectrofotome Studi Bandu
(AGRU) and Every 3
Air quality Reduced air - Gas ter, NDIR Residence Lingkun ng
Sulfur month of ITB
(SO2, CO, H2S) quality emission Analyzer, Hi- of field gan United
Recovery operation
from main Vol Hidup Ltd
Unit (SRU)
tools - Comparing ITB
- Evaluate
result with
effectivity of
standart air
K3 tools
quality
2. Noise
Construction Phase
- Field
monitoring
Pusat
using Sound
- Developm Studi Bandu
- Keeping at Level metre Every 3
Noise Increase of ent Residence Lingkun ng
standart noise - Comparing month each ITB
noise activity/co of field gan United
level measurement phase
nstruction Hidup Ltd
Level with
ITB
standart level
of noise level
3. Surface water quality

101
 Construction phase
- Sampling
using grab
Surface water Pusat
sample system In water
quality (pH, Reduced Accidentaly Studi Bandu
- Comparing environmen Every 3
temperature, surface spill of Prevent surface Lingkun ng
measurement t along month each ITB
BOD, COD, water material, fuel, water waste gan United
with PP No.82 constructio phase
oil, fat) quality and waste Hidup Ltd
2001 about n residence
ITB
water quality
management
Operation phase
- Sampling
Surface water
using grab
quality (pH, Formation Pusat
sample system In water
temperature, Reduced water from Studi Bandu
- Comparing environmen Every 3
BOD, COD, surface drilling Prevent surface Lingkun ng
measurement t along month each ITB
oil, fat, NH3, water activity and water waste gan United
with PP No.82 constructio phase
H2S, Phenol quality operational Hidup Ltd
2001 about n residence
Total) activity ITB
water quality
management
4. Sea water quality
Sea water Construction phase
quality Reduced Installation of Efectivity of - Sampling 3 location: 3 times, Pusat Bandu
ITB
(turbidity, oil sea water pipelines monitoring and - Analysis pipe hulu, before, Studi ng

102
and fat) quality evaluation method using middle and during, and Lingkun United
Kepmen LH hilir pipe post gan Ltd
No.37 2003 operation Hidup
- Comparing ITB
result with sea
water standart
5. Land erotion
Parametre: land Contruction phase
erodibility,
length and size - Monitoring of - Direct Pusat
of slope, crope Scattered environmenta observation in Drilling Studi Bandu
factors, and rough Opeing and l management the field by location, 2 times per Lingkun ng
ITB
technique of material in maturing field - Monitoring collecting pipeline year gan United
managing and ground the result of sample road Hidup Ltd
conservation management - Data analysis ITB
land
6. Disturbance of irigation and drainage system
Frequen Construction phase
cy and - Monitoring of Pusat
Blocking of
time environmenta Studi Bandu
drainage by - Direct Region
length Installation of l management 2 times per Lingkun ng
land observation around pipe ITB
of pipeline - Monitoring of year gan United
entrenchme - Data analysis installation
inundati blocking Hidup Ltd
nt
on of drainage ITB

103
 water - Monitoring
the result
7. Safety riding
Construction phase
Each month
at
mobilization Pusat
Traffic - Direct
Mobili Evaluation of activity, Studi Bandu
accident interview with In front of
zation traffic accident once in the Lingkun ng
which lead living people local office, ITB
activit and its middle of gan United
to damage - Direct road.
y effectiveness mobilization Hidup Ltd
and injury observation
, once at first ITB
time of pipe
Traffic accident installation
Pipelin
e Pusat
- Direct
install Studi Bandu
interview with once at first
ation Lingkun ng
living people Cross road time of pipe ITB
which gan United
- Direct installation
cros Hidup Ltd
observation
the ITB
road
Operation phase
Prone of Activity of Evaluation of - Interview with Transportati Once in a Pusat ITB Bandu

104
 traffic condensation traffic and local people. on road year Studi ng
accident transportation effectiveness - Observation Lingkun United
in the field. gan Ltd
Hidup
ITB
Post operation phase
Pusat
Evaluation of - Interview with Once in the Studi Bandu
Along
Safety in traffic Traffic Demobilizatio traffic accidents local people. middle of Lingkun ng
transportati ITB
accidents n activity and its - Observation demobilizati gan United
on rute
effectiveness in the field on activity Hidup Ltd
ITB
8. Road and bridge damage
Road and Construction phase
bridge damage: - Direct
- There is interview with
comlaint Mobilization Evaluation of people Pusat
Road
from people activity of factor affected - Direct Studi Bandu
damage Everytime
about road tools and the road and observation in Road in the Lingkun ng
becauase of damage ITB
damage hoisting of bridge damage the field field gan United
excecive happen
- Surface materials of and its - Matching Hidup Ltd
loads
condition/ construction effectiveness. condition with ITB
road and damage level
bridge criteria

105
 damage
Operation phase
- Direct
Road interview in
damage the field and
Pusat
because of do interview
Condensate Studi Bandu
Road and excessive - Matching Along
transportation Once per Lingkun ng
bridge damage loads which damaged transportati ITB
through land year gan United
more than condition with on route
road. Hidup Ltd
hardeness damaged level
ITB
level of Evaluation of criteria and
road factor affected repaired
the road and action
Post operation phase bridge damage
and its - Direct
Road
effectiveness. interview with
damage
local people Pusat
because of
who crossed Before and Studi Bandu
excessive Tool
by Observatio after tool Lingkun ng
loads which demobilizatio ITB
transportation n location demobilizati gan United
more than n activity
and gathering on Hidup Ltd
hardeness
scondary data ITB
level of
from medichal
road
- Observation

106
 in the field to
driver of the
truck
9. Smoothness of traffic
Construction phase
- Note the
Smoothness of
volume of
traffic with Once at
traffic of each Road near Pusat
level of service Installation beginning of
type of the Studi Bandu
(LOS) based on pipeline Evaluation of pipeline
vehicle in constructio Lingkun ng
Degree of Traffic jam activity which traffic jam and its installation ITB
each road n, crossed gan United
Saturation in crossed the effectiveness which
- Analysis road by Hidup Ltd
road and delay public road crossed the
method using pipeline ITB
traffic road
method from
MKJI
10. Vegetation
Construction phase
Reduced Land clearing - Collecting Once after
Pusat
Reduced variety and make the land data and direct land
Studi Bandu
variety and density of become open Knowing the observation in In open preparation
Lingkun ng
density of vegetation and lead to change of the field using space inside and once per ITB
gan United
vegetation compared decreasing of vegetation quadrat project 6 month
Hidup Ltd
from heterogeneity sampling during
ITB
beginning of vegetation method operational

107
 - Data analysis:
density
calculation,
heterogeneity
index
Post operation phase
- Collecting
data and direct
variety and Once after Pusat
observation in
density of Land Open area revegetation Studi Bandu
Knowing the the field
vegetation reclamation because of and two Lingkun ng
change of - Data analysis: ITB
compared for land times after gan United
vegetation density
from reboization reclamation revegetation Hidup Ltd
calculation,
beginning in 6 month ITB
heterogeneity
index
11. Wild life
Construction phase
Change of - Land - Collecting Once after
Pusat
Declining of heterogenei clearing data and direct land
Know the Studi Bandu
heterogeneity ty and make land observation In open preparation
existence of Lingkun ng
and abundance abundance closed and using IPA space inside and 2 times ITB
fauna after gan United
of land fauna of land loss of method project in a year
reboization Hidup Ltd
fauna fauna - Data analysis: during
ITB
compare - Installatio heterogeneity operational

108
 with the n of index and
beginning pipeline descriptive
analysis
Post operation phase
- Direct
Once after
Change in observation in Pusat
revegetation
heterogenei Land Know the the field Areal Studi Bandu
and 2 times
ty and reclamation existence of - Data analysis: activity that Lingkun ng
after ITB
abundance for fauna after heterogeneity opened for gan United
revegatation
of land reboization reboization index and operational Hidup Ltd
during 6
fauna descriptive ITB
month
analysis
12. Biota of freshwater
Construction phase
- BF and - Sampling of
Decrease of production water Once before
species facilities To know the (plankton) and and after BS Pusat
diversity and Biodiversit constructi changes in the sediment construction Studi Bandu
Waters
abundance of y diversity / on composition of (benthos) was activities Lingkun ng
surrounding ITB
river water diversity activities water biota both then analyzed and gan United
activities
biota (plankton, index affect the from the density in the production Hidup Ltd
benthos, fish) quality of and the diversity laboratory, the facilities are ITB
river method of conducted
water so collecting fish

109
 that it will data with
affect the observation of
biota of the type of
freshwater fish caught by
/ river fisherman
biota - Data analysis:
- pipeline diversity
installatio index and
n descriptive
activities analysis
Operation Phase
- Sampling of
water
(plankton) and
Well
sediment
development To Know the Pusat
(benthos) was
Biodiversit drilling changes in the Studi Bandu
then analyzed Waters Six months
y diversity / composition of Lingkun ng
in the surrounding during ITB
diversity Production water biota both gan United
laboratory, the activities operation
index operations in the density and Hidup Ltd
method of
production the diversity ITB
collecting fish
facilities
data with
observation of
the type of

110
 fish caught by
fisherman
- Data analysis:
diversity
index and
descriptive
analysis
13. Biota of sea water
Construction Phase
- Sampling of
water
Construction
(plankton) and One time
activities of
sediment prior before
gas pipeline
(benthos) was pipeline
Decrease in installation To know the Pusat
then analyzed construction
species Biodiversit can cause changes in the Studi Bandu
in the Waters and once the
diversity and y diversity / turbidity and composition of Lingkun ng
laboratory, the surrounding activity is ITB
abundance of diversity affect the marine biota both gan United
method of activities completed
marine biota index quality of sea the density and Hidup Ltd
collecting fish (during the
water so that the diversity ITB
data with period of
it will have an
observation of construction
impact on
the type of )
marine biota
fish caught by
fisherman

111
 - Data analysis:
diversity
index and
descriptive
analysis
14. The pattern of Land ownership
Pre- construction phase
- Observations
To know the and interviews The
pattern of land on land tenure villages
Twice:
Ownership of ownership by the ownership around the Pusat
Percentage before and
land: changes in Land community and patterns site of Studi Bandu
change of after the
land ownership acquisition the percentage - Secondary project and Lingkun ng
land process of ITB
by the and planting change of land data from the Tanjung gan United
ownership land
community activities ownership due to relevant Redeb Hidup Ltd
in society acquisition
the activity of agencies district ITB
and planting
land acquisition - Data analysis: defense
and plant descriptively- office
evaluative
15. Business Opportunity
Opportunity: Operation phase
the number of The - Developm To know the - Direct The Every six Pusat Bandu
local people existence of ent well number of local observation in villages months Studi ITB ng
who can open citizens drilling people who can the field about around the during the Lingkun United

112
and or develop who can activities open and or the number site of operation gan Ltd
a business open or - Productio develop the and types of project and phase Hidup
develop n business developing the Tanjung ITB
business operations businesses Redeb
in - Secondary district
production data collection defense
facilities from related office
institutions
- Data analysis:
descriptive-
evaluative
16. Social Process
Pre-
Constructio
n phase
The To Know the - Interviews The
Twice:
Social Process : emergence social process and direct villages
during and Pusat
Disruption of of conflict disturbance that survei about around the
Land after the Studi Bandu
social processes or occurs in society the level of site of
acquisition process of Lingkun ng
in society dissatisfacti and the public project and ITB
and planting land gan United
on of the effectiveness of acceptance of the Tanjung
activities acquisition Hidup Ltd
community management land Redeb
and planting ITB
in the efforts that have acquisition district
grows
process of been done - Secondary defense

113
land data from office
acquisition relevant
and agencies
planting - Data analysis:
descriptively-
evaluative
Construction phase
The To Know
-Block - Interviews &
emergence the
station direct survei
of jealousy, effectiven
constr about the level The
disharmony ess of
uction of public villages
of managem
and acceptance of around the Pusat
relationship ent efforts once in Six
Produc land site of Studi Bandu
s and even to months
tion acquisition project and Lingkun ng
social prevent, during the ITB
faciliti - Secondary the Tanjung gan United
conflicts in mitigate construction
es data from Redeb Hidup Ltd
society, or cope phase
-Pipe relevant district ITB
especially with
install agencies defense
between social
ation - Data analysis: office
local and process
activiti descriptively-
immigrant disruption
es evaluative
populations s
Operation Phase
The - Recruitme To Know - Interviews & The once in Six Pusat ITB Bandu

114
 emergence nt the direct survei villages months Studi ng
of jealousy, activities effectiven about the level around the during the Lingkun United
disharmony - Productio ess of of public site of construction gan Ltd
of n managem acceptance of project and phase Hidup
relationship operations ent efforts land the Tanjung ITB
s and even activities to acquisition Redeb
social prevent, - Secondary district
conflicts in mitigate data from defense
society, or cope relevant office
especially with agencies
between social - Data analysis:
local and process descriptively-
immigrant disruption evaluative
populations s
17. Social Coating
Operation Phase
The To Know the - Interviews & The
emergence effectiveness of direct survey villages Pusat
once in Six
Change of of new management about the level around the Studi Bandu
Production months
strata or social strata or efforts to prevent, of public site of Lingkun ng
operations during the ITB
class in society social mitigate or cope acceptance of project and gan United
activities construction
classes in with Change of land the Tanjung Hidup Ltd
phase
the strata or social acquisition Redeb ITB
community class in society - Secondary district

115
 due to the data from defense
large relevant office
number of agencies
migrants - Data analysis:
with a descriptively-
much evaluative
higher level
of skill,
income ,
and
education
than the
local
population
18. Attitudes and perceptions of society
Attitudes and
Pre- Construction phase
perceptions
The To Know the - Interviews & The Twice:
Pusat
Society : negative process of land direct survei villages before and
The process Studi Bandu
Negative attitude and acquisition and about the level around the after the
of land Lingkun ng
Attitudes and perception planting as well of public site of process of ITB
acquisition gan United
perceptions of of the as the acceptance of project and land
and planting Hidup Ltd
society community effectiveness of land the Tanjung acquisition
ITB
related to management acquisition Redeb and planting

116
the process efforts that have - Secondary district
of land been done data from defense
acquisition relevant office
and agencies
planting - Data analysis:
descriptively-
evaluative
Construction phase
-The
presence of - Interviews &
negative direct survei
attitude and - Mobilization about the level The
perception and of public villages
To Know the
of society demobilizatio acceptance of around the Pusat
effectiveness of Once in six
due to the n of land site of Studi Bandu
efforts made to month
emergence equipment, acquisition project and Lingkun ng
reduce the during ITB
of dust, materials, and - Secondary the Tanjung gan United
negative attitudes construction
noise, labor data from Redeb Hidup Ltd
and perceptions phase
traffic - BS relevant district ITB
of the community
disturbance Construction agencies defense
and so on and pipeline - Data analysis: office
- The descriptively-
presence of evaluative
negative

117
attitudes
and
perceptions
related to
the
presence of
migrant
workers
Operation phase
- The
- Interviews &
presence of
direct survei
jealousy,
about the level The
disharmony
To Know the of public villages
of social
- Recruitment effectiveness of acceptance of around the Pusat
relations, Once in six
of labor the efforts to land site of Studi Bandu
especially month
operations reduce public acquisition project and Lingkun ng
between during ITB
- Drilling of attitudes and - Secondary the Tanjung gan United
local operation
development negative data from Redeb Hidup Ltd
residents phase
wells perceptions of the relevant district ITB
and migrant
project agencies defense
workers
- Data analysis: office
- The
descriptively-
presence of
evaluative
negative

118
attitudes
and
perceptions
of society
due to the
emergence
of dust,
noise,
traffic
disruption
and so on
Post Operation phase
- Interviews &
The
direct survei The
presence of
about the level villages
complaints, To Know the
of public around the Pusat
protests and effectiveness of
Labor acceptance of site of Before and Studi Bandu
negative efforts to reduce
release land project and during labor Lingkun ng
public the negative ITB
activiti acquisition the Tanjung release gan United
against the attitudes and
es - Secondary Redeb activities Hidup Ltd
emergence perceptions of the
data from district ITB
of community
relevant defense
unemploym
agencies office
ent
- Data analysis:

119
 descriptively-
evaluative
19. Environment Sanitation
Construction phase
- Direct survei
about the level Around the
of public constructio
- Productio acceptance of n/
The
n facility land constructio Six months
presence of Pusat
constructi acquisition n of the during
Degradation of solid / To Know the Studi Bandu
on and BS - Secondary production construction
environmental constructio environmental Lingkun ng
activities data from facility and and ITB
sanitation n solid sanitation gan United
- Pipeline relevant BS installation
quality waste and changes Hidup Ltd
installatio agencies of the
domestic ITB
n Data Along the pipeline
wastewater
activities analysis: ROW
descriptive pipeline
ly- plan
evaluative
20. Level of public health
Operation phase
Decreased The - Developm To know the - Direct survei At the site Six months Pusat Bandu
levels of public emergence ent well progress of the about the level of the during the Studi ITB ng
health of various drilling public health of public developmen drilling of Lingkun United

120
types of activities level acceptance of t well the well gan Ltd
infectious - Productio land drilling, Hidup
diseases: n acquisition production Developmen ITB
skin operation - Secondary operations, t and
diseases, in data from and the production
asthma, production relevant surrounding operation in
venereal facilities agencies environmen production
disease, etc. - Data analysis: t facility
descriptively- Puskesmas
evaluative / puskesmas
auxiliaries

121