1680 PIERS Proceedings, Marrakesh, MOROCCO, March 2023, 2011

Self-field Theory a Mathematical Description of Physics

A. H. J. Fleming
Biophotonics Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia

Abstract SFT is a new description of electromagnetic interactions applying across physics.

At its heart are bispinorial motions for both the electromagnetic fields and the interacting par-
ticles. SFT is intimately related to quantum theory; instead of the single inequality uncertainty
relationship, there are two exact equations one applying to electric currents, the other to mag-
netic currents. SFT is formulated in terms of the E- and H-fields rather than the potentials
The mathematics of SFT applies to the 1st order Maxwell Lorentz equations rather than the 2nd
order Lagrangian formulation. It has been used to solve a simple Bohr-like model of the hydrogen
atom, obtained an analytic estimate for the mass of the photon, and provided the first glimpse of
structure within the photon. This may yield an organizational structure for bosons reminiscent
of the chemical table first noted by Mendeleev in 1860 via a two-dimensional array of elemental
properties. The self-field formulation obtains an analytic expression for Plancks number provid-
ing a basis for its understanding as a variable of motion applying equally to the electron, the
proton and the photon. SFT appears to apply equally to cosmology as to sub-photonic physics.

1. INTRODUCTION
In the electromagnetic (EM) version of SFT the Maxwell-Lorentz equations can be algebraically
rewritten in matrix form as in (1) where each particle has two spinorial motions iEM and the
corresponding currents EM
j .
MEM
ij i
EM
= EMj (1)
The motion of the electron is an exact EM self-field solution, its position at any time is the sum
of two spinors forming a bispinorial motion oEM (ro , o ) and cEM (rc , c ) where the distance of
the electron is written as a sum of the spinors not a Pythagorean root mean square but a function
of orthogonal orbital and cyclotron spinors:

rEM rEM o , oEM , rEM
c , cEM = rEM
o ejo t + rEM
c ejc t (2)
Quantum theory as it applies to EM begins with the Heisenberg uncertainty relationship which
is identical to (1) except that instead of one inexact equation there are two exact equations. SFT
thus provides the analytic origins for the heuristic eigenvalue formulation of quantum theory.
If the intrinsic energy of the complete system changes the EM fields within an atomic array each
atom can adjust altering the atomic and molecular binding structures. In effect this means that
the radial and spin states of the two photons involved in the atomic binding energy can adapt to
the energy change where the photons themselves are assumed to have a composite structure. Now
the system has six degrees of freedom including the E- and H-fields in response to the change in
ambient energy. The two extra variables give a range of variation orthogonal to the phase diagrams
of atoms. A typical phase diagram shows only a solid line separating the various phases. SFT
indicates a small range of binding structures that depend on the intrinsic energy of the system.
There are major differences between the SFT time-variant field motion and the time-invariant
classical electromagnetics (CEM) where the field ubiquitously covers all solid angles with no defini-
tion other than its vector nature as to the actual field motion, field flux being the only indicator of
field motion. Similarly the uncertainty of the field within quantum field theory (QFT) is related to
its lack of a complete and coupled EM bispinorial field form. Other differences include an absence
of HUP within SFT. As the photon is modeled via bi-spinors uncertainty is obviated. In SFT the
electrons self-fields are modeled via a complete EM function that explicitly includes both E- and
H-fields, enabling the complete analysis of the mutual self-field effect between two particles. Unlike
the quantum potentials that are expectations yielding probabilistic solutions, the bi-spinorial field
variables of SFT are deterministic. Quantum theory does not use the Lorentz equations thus it
finds other ways (equations) to solve in terms of the expectations. The method invariably used is
to apply the uncertainty equations as commutation relationships within the interaction matrices.
Note that gauge theory that forms a large part of quadratic Lagrangian theory is not involved in
SFT as there are fields not potentials in first order Maxwellian theory. The differences are math-
ematical but have major implications for the physical information and the predictions that can
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Marrakesh, Morocco, Mar. 2023, 2011 1681

be determined. Uncertainty applies only to the model of the physical interaction and not to the
physics itself. It is a modeling error associated with way the field is incorporated into quantum
theory (in quantum field theory the fields are actually potentials or differential functions of the
true fields).
A short summary of the mathematical and basic physical findings of SFT is as follows. SFT
can be used to derive actual motions of the electron and proton within the hydrogen atom in the
form of eigensolutions to the system of partial differential equations based on the ML equations.
The atom is modeled via two point-mass particles, the electron, and the proton, an extension to
2
the Bohr model. Plancks number ~ = 4q 0 ve is observed to be the energy per cycle of the principal
eigenstate that depends on the motions of the electron, proton, and photon, all involved in the
dynamic balance of the atom. The photon performs many relativistic transitions back and forth
between the proton and electron within each cycle of the electron and proton that rotate coherently
about their centre of mass. The phase length of the photon each time it transits /2 maintains
the overall coherency of the atoms periodicity providing a method for analytically comparing the
energy of the photon with that of the electron m c2 = ~4c ve , where is the collision frequency
of the photon. Assuming some non-linear polygonal motion circumscribes a circle representing the
Bohr mageton, the photon collision frequency is estimated as 54 using the known values of the fine-
2
structure constant. = vce = 4m c
~ and the Lande g-factor. Thus m evaluates to 0.396 10
55 kg

(0.221 10 19 eV). Since the photon must perform a discrete number of transits per cycle this
suggests collisional based polygonal rotations for both the electron and proton rather than the
assumed circular rotations given by spinor theory used by both SFT and QFT. This suggests a way
to check more detailed SFT models of the hydrogen atom that include a structured nucleus. Within
molecules photon substructure introduces two previously unknown quantum numbers by which
molecular bonds can range between strong and weak atomic structures. This photon mechanism
appears involved in a number of energy/temperature dependent molecular processes. The cell cycle
and other biological processes may well depend on the various hydration structures found within
and around DNA and other biological protein structures. Physical phenomena show dependence
on hydrogen bonding as in avalanches and the formation of cloud layers within the ionosphere or
on the innate spectroscopy of bosons such as the magnetic flips of the Sun and Earth. SFT applies
to gravitation as a form of bonding between molecular arrays. This is the basis of Einsteins EPR
gedanken (thought experiment) that showed that quantum theory was incomplete. Gravitation
at the Solar System level is a differential form of (1); there are long range forces between electric
and magnetic dipoles causing the spin and orbit of the planets and the Sun. SFT is compatible
with both special and general relativity except part of the dilations of time and distance are due
to the hidden variables of the internal motion of the photon that are an outcome of its composite
structure.
2. STRONG NUCLEAR FIELDS
Like the EM interaction the strong nuclear fields controlling the motions of charged particles satisfy
the following adaptation of the ML equations.
E ~ = qq (3a)
vq
H ~ = 0 (3b)
N ~ = 0 (3c)
~
~ + n H
E = 0 (3d)
dt
~
~ n E
H

=

qq ~v (3e)
dt sq
~
~ + vn E
N = 0 (3f)
dt
where N~ and M ~ are the nuclear field and flux density and the modified Lorentz equation for the
forces acting on the quarks is
~ = qq E
F ~ + qq ~v B
~ + qq ~v M
~ (3g)
1682 PIERS Proceedings, Marrakesh, MOROCCO, March 2023, 2011

Q2

Q1

Figure 1: Field forms. (a) CEM (Credit Wikimedia), (b) QFT, (c) SFT.
q1 q2
r1, N r1,C
r1, O WN WN

e ew

q3

Figure 2: Electroweak Nuclear Shell Structures.
Analogous to the EM electron shifting shell as en-
ergy density is raised via 0 0 , so too the weak elec-
tron moves its inner shell if W N W N is raised, at
the same time the proton shifts its nuclear shell.
Figure 3: Pauli exclusion principle: Hydrogen
molecule modeled as two protons with composite
quark structure and two electrons.

and constitutive equations B~ = n H,

~ D ~ = n E ~ and M ~ = vn N ~ where n , n and vn are invariant
scalars, the nuclear constitutive parameters similar to those of free space, 0 and 0 , except the
energy density within the nucleus now depends upon the three gluon fields
1
dUN = N dV = 0 E E + 0 H H + v0 N N dV (3h)
2
The system of equations given in (3) can be used to model the SN interaction within the nucleus
of the atom where the motions of quarks are trispinorial in comparison to the bispinorial motions
of the electron and proton in EM theory. A similar trispinorial mathematics applies to galactic
motions.
3. PAULI PRINCIPLE AND PHOTONIC STATES
Two most important findings of SFT are (1) a qualitative understanding and widening of the Pauli
Principle and (2) there is a series of transitional chemical changes from liquid state to liquid crystal
states that occur to macromolecular arrays as observed in the various structural forms of DNA
linked to photon binding and its length.
SFT reveals a shell structure for the weak nuclear electrons and their complementary proton shell
structures within the nucleus. As shown in Fig. 2 an internal SFT balance can be achieved between
a weak electron and a proton within the central core or inner spherical region of the nucleus. In this
region elevated energy densities are present via the electroweak constitutive parameters W N W N .
What this implies is that the strong nuclear effect occurs within an annular region where the quarks
and gluons move (orbitals). Associated with this the electroweak orbits can be seen to be similar
to their EM counterparts having spherical orbitals (s shells).
In SFT electrons and protons orbit as EM binaries in a stable double rotation (bispinor). If a
second paired electron and proton are displaced in phase by radians the combined motion and
structure is also stable. Underpinning this is a physical principle in the way the photons cannot
stream between more than two charges particles at the sub-atomic level simultaneously in a stable
fashion. While photons transit between an electron and its paired proton as a pair of streams,
they do not move as bispinors between other EM electrons or protons. While the three quarks in
a proton connect to an electron this happens via combination of streams into a single stream and
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Marrakesh, Morocco, Mar. 2023, 2011 1683

Figure 4: Historical perspective of two extra SFT quantum numbers related to photon in its role as binding
energy (Credit Wikimedia).

the inverse separation. This photon bonding mechanism simplifies the mathematics of atomic and
molecular structures. The four EM particles shown in Fig. 3 are connected by only two pairs of EM
photon streams, two E-field streams and two H-field streams that rotate in synchronous fashion
with the electrons and protons.
This synchronous motion also applies to multi-atom configurations including solid crystal arrays.
Modern versions of the double-slit experiment can be easily understood where the two slits are made
of the same solid piece of material. If the two slits are synchronous versions of each other then the
slow build up of the final diffracted image photon by photon is no longer enigmatic. Hence arrays
of matter appear synchronous in their motions in the same way as shown in Fig. 3.
The difference between a solid and a range of less rigid arrays of atoms can also be understood
via the resonance of the binding photons. As these binding photons change their resonant phase
length over integer multiples of /2 the whole array becomes less and less rigid until the array can
resemble a liquid. This process can continue until the whole array becomes disassociated and forms
a gas.
While the gravitation force is not incorporated into the mathematics of CEM or QFT, the
extension from molecular arrays to gravitational systems is a small mathematical extension within
the SFT formulation. What emerges is a corresponding system of boson streams that link atomic
arrays and gravitational arrays alike. Thus SFT applies to the four known forces currently known
to physics.
REFERENCES
1. Fleming, A. H. J., Electromagnetic self-field theory and its application to the hydrogen atom,
Physics Essays, Vol. 18, No. 3, 265285, 2005.
2. Fleming, A. H. J., Self-field theory, analytic spectroscopy of the ordinary photon, Proc. 2nd
Electromagnetics Health and Environment Intl Conf., Wroclaw, Poland, 1823, 2007.
3. Fleming, A. H. J., Self-field theory Biodiversity may be a resonance process, PIERS
Proceedings, 828831, Cambridge USA, July 58, 2010.
4. Fleming, A. H. J., Self-field theory A possible gravitational structure for galaxies, PIERS
Proceedings, 823827, Cambridge, USA, July 58, 2010.
5. Fleming, A. H. J., Self-field Theory A New Mathematical Description of Physics, Pan
Stanford Publishing, 2010.