Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SUBMITTED TO:
Mr. Saurav Banerjee
Co-ordinator MBA (CM)
IMS Lucknow University
SUBMITTED BY:
Manoj Chaubey
Roll no: 17216008993
MBA IIIrd semester
Institute of Management Science,
Lucknow University, Lucknow
1
DECLARATION
is an original project done by me and no part of this project is taken from any
source or material published and not submitted to any other colleges and
university.
Manoj Chaubey
Roll No. 17216008993
2
PREFACE
With the growth of rapid industrialization the need of management is felt every where
.management, A research report provides the most natural condition under which a student
can learn and got success in implementing the theoretically learned in to the practical and
current environment of daily practices done by the people (investor) it helps a student to
learn, to improve, to improvise, to experiment, to find knowledge in all possible ways and
MBA is a foundation stone to the management career. The classroom learning needs to
The project is a real life venture for me. It is a great privilege that you have spread your for
reading this. In forthcoming pages, an attempt has been made to present the different aspect
of my project.
Place: Lucknow
3
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
If words are considered as a symbol of approval and taken of appreciation then let the words
First of all I thank to my Mr. ABISHAK SINGH who blessed me with all kind of facilities
that had been provided to me for completion of my report. Special thanks to Mr. VIKASH
My endless appreciation goes to my all respected faculty who has stood by my side and give
me moral support whenever I was low and boosted my will power. Finally, I would like to
opportunity.
Thank You
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 7-8
Graphical representation
Flow chart
5
Frequently used terms in mutual funds
FINDINGS 91-92
Strengths
weakness
RECOMMENDATIONS 97-98
CONCLUSION 99-100
ANNEXURE 101-105
BIBLIOGRAPHY 106
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INTRODUCTION
There are a lot of investment avenues available today in the financial market for an investor
with an investable surplus. He can invest in Bank Deposits, Corporate Debentures, and
Bonds where there is low risk but low return. He may invest in Mutual of companies where
the risk is high and the returns are also proportionately high. The recent trends in the Mutual
Market have shown that an average retail investor always lost with periodic bearish tends.
People began opting for portfolio managers with expertise in Mutual markets who would
invest on their behalf. Thus we had wealth management services provided by many
institutions. However they proved too costly for a small investor. These investors have
Like most developed and developing countries the mutual fund cult has been catching on in
# Mutual fund brings the benefits of diversification and money management to the
individual investor, providing a Opportunity for financial success that was once available
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History of Reliance Company
The reliance group founded by Dhirubhai. H. Ambani (1932-2002) is Indias largest private
sector enterprise. He is credited to have brought about the equity cult in India in the late
seventies and is regarded as an icon for enterprise in India. He epitomized the spirit 'dare to
dream and learn to excel. The Reliance Group is a living testimony to his indomitable will,
Unit Trust of India is the first Mutual Fund set up under a separate act, UTI Act in 1963,
and started its operations in 1964 with the issue of units under the scheme US-641. In 1978
UTI was delinked from the RBI and Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over
In the year 1987 Public Sector banks like State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Indian
Bank, Bank of India, and Bank of Baroda have set up mutual funds.
Apart from these above mentioned banks Life Insurance Corporation [LIC] and General
Insurance Corporation [GIC] too have set up mutual fund. LIC established its mutual fund
in June 1989.while GIC had set up its mutual fund in December 1990.The mutual fund
With the entry of Private Sector Funds a new era has started in Mutual Fund Industry .
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Company Profile
Reliance Group Holdings has grown from a small office data-processing equipment firm in
1961 into a major insurance and financial-services group in one generation under one chief.
Reliance's insurance operations constitute the nation's 27th-largest property and casualty
operation. The parent company also includes a development subsidiary in commercial real
estate. Reliance's international consulting group contains several energy, environment, and
television stations.
hose and 11 engine fire companies. It became the nation's first association of volunteer fire
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The association soon developed a field of agents to write policies across the country. For the
first two years, shareholders received dividends twice a year of $5 a share, which increased
In 1972, the Reliance insurance group divided its pool so that Reliance Insurance Company
and its subsidiaries handled most standard lines, while United Pacific Insurance Company
In 1977, the company moved into real estate, forming Continental Cities Corporation, which
became Reliance Development Group, Inc. This division handled all real estate operations
of the parent company and other subsidiaries. Reliance Capital Group, L.P. constituted the
In December 1989, Reliance Capital sold its investment, Days Corporation, parent company
of Days Inn of America, the world's third-largest hotel chain; it had been purchased in 1984.
Reliance Industries Limited. The Group's principal activity is to produce and distribute
intermediates, crackers, chemicals, textiles, oil and gas. The refining segment includes
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Reliance mutual fund
profile
Reliance Mutual Fund, a part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group is the No. 1
Mutual Fund in India. Reliance Mutual Fund offers investors a well rounded portfolio of
products to meet varying investor requirements. Reliance Mutual Fund has a presence in
over 100 cities across the country, an investor base of over 3.9 million and manages assets
over Rs. 67,598 Crores as on August 31, 2007. Reliance Mutual Fund constantly endeavors
to launch innovative products and customer service initiatives to increase value to investors.
Reliance Mutual Fund schemes are managed by Reliance Capital Asset Management Ltd.,a
wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Capital Ltd. Reliance Capital Ltd. is one of Indias
leading and fastest growing private sector financial services companies, and ranks among
the top 3 private sector financial services and banking companies, in terms of net worth.
Reliance Capital Ltd. has interests in asset management and mutual funds, life and general
insurance, private equity and proprietary investments, stock broking and other financial
services.
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ABOUT PROJECT
MUTUAL FUND
Amutual fund is nothing more than a collection of Mutuals and/or bonds. You can think of a
mutual fund as a company that brings together a group of people and invests their money in
Mutuals, bonds, and other securities. Each investor owns shares, which represent a portion
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You can make money from a mutual fund in three ways:
1) Income is earned from dividends on Mutual and interest on bonds. A fund pays out.
Nearly all income it receives over the year to fund owners in the form of a distribution.
2) If the fund sells securities that have increased in price, the fund have a capital gain. Most
funds also pass on these gains to investors in a distribution.
3) If fund holdings increase in price but are not sold by the fund manager, the fund's
.Shares increase in price. You can then sell your mutual fund shares for a profit.
Funds will also usually give you a choice either to receive a check for distributions orto
The competition among funds has led to the launch of newer products, tailor-made to suit
the requirements of investors. Mutual funds now offer products for the entire range of needs
of investors. The encouraging response to index funds and sector funds shows the growing
maturity among investors. Open-end funds, which provide liquidity to investors at daily
NAV related prices, are growing in popularity. The funds have be en adopting technology
to provide good service to investors and with the proposed introduction of electronic funds
transfer and thegrowing trend towards E-Commerce; the efficiency of service will increase
even further.
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In the coming years mutual funds as saving intermediaries will play a greater role in
bringing the gap between investors and issuers, especially in the area of equity funds ?At
present these funds represents 13% of BSE market capitalization. This is expected to go up
with increasing flows into financial savings, especially the mutual fund with the growth and
stability in the capital market flows into equity funds are expected to go up. A Mutual
Fund is a trust that pools the savings of a number of investors who share a common
financial goal. The money thus collected is then invested in capital market instruments such
as shares, debentures and other securities. The income earned through these investments and
the capital appreciation realized is shared by its unit holders in proportion to the number of
units owned by them. Thus a Mutual Fund is the most suitable investment for the common
choice for individuals with a long-term horizon. The way they operate is that individual
investor money are pooled and invested in many different companies. Assets are
professionally managed to meet various investment objectives. They issue and sell shares to
share holders and also redeem them (buy them back) upon request. Prices of shares are set
daily at the close of business, based on the value of all investments in the mutual funds
portfolio. Their major advantages are diversification and professional management, which
are not readily available to small investors outside the mutual fund arena. Money market
mutual funds are short-term funds. They invest in short-term cash and cash equivalent
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instruments, such as Treasurybills,certificates of deposit, and short-term notes. Mutual
A mutual fund is the ideal investment vehicle for todays complex and modern financial
scenario. Markets for equity shares, bonds and other fixed income instruments, real estate,
derivatives and other assets have become mature and information driven. Price changes in
these assets are driven by global events occurring in faraway places. A typical individual is
unlikely to have the knowledge, skills, inclination and time to keep track of events,
understand their implications and act speedily. An individual also finds it difficult to keep
track of ownership of his assets, investments, brokerage dues and bank transactions etc.
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History of mutual fund
In 1924 three Boston securities executives pooled their money together to create the first
mutual fund. The idea of pooling money together for investing purposes started in Europe in
the mid-1800s. The first pooled fund in the U.S was created in 1893 for the faculty and staff
of Harvard University on March 21st, 1924 the first official mutual fund was born. It was
However in India UTI was the first to introduce mutual funds in the Indian markets and it
commenced its operations from July 1964, Government allowed public sector banks and
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In the year 1992, Securities and exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act was passed. The
objectives of SEBI are to protect the interest of investors in securities and to promote the
As far as mutual funds are concerned, SEBI formulates policies and regulates the mutual
funds to protect the interest of the investors. SEBI notified regulations for the mutual funds
in1993. Thereafter, mutual funds sponsored by private sector entities were allowed to enter
the capital market. The regulations were fully revised in 1996 and have been amended
thereafter from time to time. SEBI has also issued guidelines to the mutual funds from time
All mutual funds whether promoted by public sector or private sector entities including
those promoted by foreign entities are governed by the same set of Regulations. There is no
distinction in regulatory requirements for these mutual funds and all are subject to
monitoring and inspections by SEBI. The risks associated with the schemes launched by the
mutual funds sponsored by these entities are of similar type. It may be mentioned here that
Unit Trust of India (UTI) is not registered with SEBI as a mutual fund (as on January15,
2002. The end of millennium marks 36 years of existence of mutual funds in our country.
The ride through these 36 years is not been smooth. Investor opinion is still divided. While
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objectives, thinking that the units of a fund have an investment goal paralleling his
objectives
As you probably know,mutual funds have become extremely popular over the last 20years.
What was once just another obscure financial instrument is now a part of our daily lives.
In fact, too many people, investing means buying mutual funds. After all, it's common
knowledge that investing in mutual funds is (or at least should be) better than simply letting
your cash waste away in a savings account, but, for most people, that's where the
understanding of funds ends. It doesn't help those mutual fund sales people speak a strange
language that, sounding sort of like English, is interspersed with jargon like MER, NAVPS,
load/no-load, etc.
Originally mutual funds were heralded as a way for the little guy to get a piece of the
market. Instead of spending all your free time buried in the financial pages of the
investment Journal, all you have to do is buy a mutual fund and you'd be set on your way to
financial freedom. As you might have guessed, it's not that easy. Mutual funds are an
excellent idea in theory, but, in reality, they haven't always delivered. Not all mutual funds
are created equal, investing in mutual funds isn't as easy as throwing your money at the
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ADVANTAGE OF MUTUAL FUND
is the professional management of your money. Investors purchase funds because they do
not have the time or the expertise to manage their own portfolio. A mutual fund is a
relatively inexpensive way for a small investor to get a full-time manager to make and
monitor investments.
Or bonds, your risk is spread out. The idea behind diversification is to invest in a large
number of assets so that a loss in any particular investment is minimized by gains in others.
In other words, the more Mutuals and bonds you own, the less any one of them can hurt you
(think about Enron). Large mutual funds typically own hundreds of different Mutuals in
many different industries. It wouldn't be possible for an investor to build this kind of a
3-Economies of Scale- Because a mutual fund buys and sells large amounts of
securities at a time, its transaction costs are lower than you as an individual would pay.
4-Liquidity - Just like an individual Mutual, a mutual fund allows you to request that your
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DISADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUND
professional management with the word "theoretically"? Many investors debate over
whether or not the so-called professionals are any better than you or I at picking Mutuals.
Management is by no means infallible, and, even if the fund loses money, the manager still
2-Costs- Mutual funds don't exist solely to make your life easier--all funds are in it for a
Profit. Themutual fund industry is masterful at burying costs under layers of jargon
.Because funds have small holdings in so many different companies, high returns from a
few Investments often don't make much difference on the overall return. Dilution is also the
result of a successful fund getting too big. When money pours into funds that have had
strong Success, the manager often has trouble finding a good investment for all the new
money
3-Taxes- When making decisions about your money, fund managers don't consider your
personal tax situation. For example, when a fund manager sells a security, a capital-gain tax
is triggered, which affects how profitable the individual is from the sale. It might have been
more advantageous for the individual to defer the capital gains liability
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RISKS INVOLVED IN MUTUAL FUND
In short, how stable is the company or entity to which you lend your money when you
invest? How certain are you that it will be able to pay the interest you are promised, or
Inflation risk
Changing interest rates affect both equities and bonds in many ways. Investors are reminded
that predicting which way rates will go is rarely successful. A diversified portfolio can
An industries key asset is often the personnel who run the business i.e. intellectual
properties of the key employees of the respective companies. Given the ever-changing
complexion of few industries and the high obsolescence levels, availability of qualified,
trained and motivated personnel is very critical for the success of industries in few sectors.
It is, therefore, necessary to attract key personnel and also to retain them to meet the
changing environment and challengesall investments involve some form of risk, which
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Managing risk
At times the prices or yields of all the securities in a particular market rise or fall due to
broad outside influences. When this happens, the Mutual prices of an out standing, highly
faster than the earnings on your investment, you run the risk that you will actually be able to
buy less, not more. Inflation risk also occurs when prices rise faster than your returns.
Credit risk
The sector offers. Failure or inability to attract/retain such qualified key personnel may
impact the prospects of the companies in the particular sector in which the fund invests.
Exchange risks
A number of companies generate revenues in foreign currencies and may have investments
therefore, have a positive or negative impact on companies which in turn would have an
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Investment risks
companies in the particular sectors. Accordingly, the NAV of the schemes are linked to the
equity performance of such companies and may be more volatile than a more diversified
portfolio of equities.
Changes in Government policy especially in regard to the tax benefits may impact the
business prospects of the companies leading to an impact on the investments made by the
fund.
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VARIOUS MUTUAL FUND SCHEME
Mutual Fund Schemes:-
Wide variety of Mutual Fund Schemes exists to cater to the needs such as financial position,
risk tolerance and return expectations etc. The table below gives an overview into the
By Structure
# Interval Schemes
By Investment Objective
Growth Schemes
Income Schemes
Balanced Schemes
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Types of Mutual Fund
style. According to the last count there are over 10,000 mutual funds in North America!
That means there are more mutual funds than Mutuals. It's important to understand that
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each mutual fund has different risks and rewards. In general, the higher the potential return,
the higher the risk of loss. Although some funds are less risky than others, all funds have
some level of risk--it's never possible to diversify away all risk. This is a fact for all
investments.
Each fund has a predetermined investment objective that tailors the fund's assets, regions
of investments, and investment strategies. At the fundamental level, there are three
All mutual funds are variations of these three asset classes. For example, while equity
Funds that invest in fast-growing companies are known as growth funds, equity funds that
Invest only in companies of the same sector or region is known asspecialty funds. Lets go
over the many different flavors of funds. We'll start with the safest and then Work through
The money market consists of short-term debt instruments, mostly T-bills. This is a safe
Lace to park your money. You won't get great returns, but you won't have to worry about
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losing your principal. A typical return is twice the amount you would earn in a regular
checking/savings account and a little less than the average certificate of deposit (CD).We've
got a whole tutorial on the money market if you'd like to learn more about it.
Bond/Income Funds
Income funds are named appropriately: their purpose is to provide current income on a
steady basis. When referring to mutual funds, the terms "fixed-income," "bond," and"
income" are synonymous. These terms denote funds that invest primarily in government
and corporate debt. While fund holdings may appreciate in value, the primary objective of
these funds is to provide a steady cash flow to investors. As such, the audience for these
Bond funds are likely to pay higher returns than certificates of deposit and money market
Investments, but bond funds aren't without risk. Because there are many different types of
Bonds, bond funds can vary dramatically depending on where they invest. For example, a
fund specializing in high-yieldjunk bonds is much more risky than a fund that invests in
government securities; also, nearly all bondfunds are subject to interest rate risk, which
Balanced Funds
The objective of these funds is to provide a "balanced" mixture of safety, income, and
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fixedincome and equities. A typical balanced fund might have a weighting of 60% equity
A similar type of fund is known as an asset allocation fund. Objectives are similar to those
of a balanced fund, but these kinds of funds typically do not have to hold a specified
percentage of any asset class. The portfolio manager is therefore given freedom to switch
the ratio of asset classes as the economy moves through thebusiness cycle.
Equity Funds
Funds that invest in Mutual represent the largest category of mutual funds. Generally, the
investment objective of this class of funds is long-term capital growth with some income.
There are, however, many different types of equity funds because there are many different
types of equities. A great way to understand the universe of equity funds is to use a style
The idea is to classify funds based on both the size of the companies invested in and the
investment style of the manager. The term "value" refers to a style of investing that looks
for high quality companies that are out of favor with themarket. These companies are
characterized by low P/E ratios, price-to-book ratios, and high dividend yields, etc.
The opposite of value is growth, which refers to companies that have had (and are expected
to continue to have) strong growth in earnings, sales, and cash flow, etc. A compromise
between value and growth is "blend," which simply refers to companies that are neither
value nor growth Mutuals and so are classified as being somewhere in the middle.
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For example , a mutual fund that invests in large-cap companies who are in
strong financial shape but have recently seen their share price fall would be placed
in the upper left quadrant of the style box (large and value). The opposite of this
would be a fund that invests in startup technology companies with excellent growth
prospects.
Global/International Funds
An international fund (or foreign fund) invests only outside your home country.
Global funds invest anywhere around the world, including your home country.
It's tough to classify these funds as either riskier or safer. On the one hand they tend to be
more volatile and have unique country and/or political risks. But, on the flip side, they can,
Although the world's economies are becoming more inter-related, it is Likely that another
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Index Funds
The last but certainly not the least important are index funds. This type of mutual fund
replicates the performance of a broad market index such as the sensex and nifty. An investor
in an index fund figures that most managers can't beat the market. An index fund merely
replicates the market return and benefits investors in the form of low fees.
Costs are the biggest problem with mutual funds. These costs eat into your return, and they
are the main reason why the majority of funds end up with sub-par performance. Whats
even more disturbing is the way the fund industry hides costs through a layer of financial
complexity and jargon. Some critics of the industry say that mutual fund Companies get
away with the fees they charge only because the average investor does not understand what
2. Transaction fees paid when you buy or sell shares in a fund (loads)
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The Expense Ratio
The ongoing expenses of a mutual fund are represented by the expense ratio. This is
sometimes also referred to as themanagement expense ratio (MER). The expense ratio is
composed of the following:
The cost of hiring the fund manager (s) - Also known as the management fee,
This cost is between 0.5% and 1.0% of assets on average. While it sounds small,
This fee ensures that mutual fund managers remain in the countrys top echelon of
Earners. Think about it for aSecond: 1% of 250 million (a small mutual fund) is
2.5 million--fund managers are definitely not going hungry! Its true that paying
Managers is a necessary fee, but dont think that a high fee assures superior Performance.
Administrative costs
These include necessities such as postage, record keeping, customer service, cappuccino
machines, etc. Some funds are excellent at minimizing these costs while others (the ones
with the cappuccino machines in the office) are not. On the whole, expense ratios range
from as low as 0.2% (usually for index funds) to as high as 2.0%. The average equity
mutual fund charges around 1.3%-1.5%. Youll generally pay more for specialty or
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Buying and Selling
(You can buy somemutual funds no-load) by contacting the fund companies directly. Other
funds are sold through brokers, banks financial planners, or insurance agents. If you buy
through a third party there is a good chance theyll hit you with a sales charge (load). That
being said, more and more funds can be purchased through no-transaction fee programs that
supermarket," this service lets you consolidate your holdings and record keeping, and it still
allows you to buy funds without sales charges from many different companies.
is as easy as purchasing one. All mutual funds will redeem (buy back) your shares on
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any business day. In the United States companies must send you the payment within
seven days.
Net asset value (NAV) , which is a fund's assets minus liabilities, is the value of a mutual
fund. NAV per share is the value of one share in the mutual fund, and it is the number that
is quoted in newspapers. You can basically just think of NAV per share as the price of a
mutual fund. It fluctuates everyday as fund holdings and shares outstanding change.
When you buy shares, you pay the current NAV per share plus any sales front-end load.
When you sell your shares, the fund will pay you NAV less any back-end load .Moses gave
to his follow eternities 10 commandments that were to be followed till: The world of
investments too has several ground rules meant for investors who are novices in their own
right and wish to enter the myriad world of investments. These come in handy for there is
every possibility of losing what one has if due care is not taken.
1. Assess yourself: Self-assessment of ones needs; expectations and risk profile is of prime
importance failing which; one will make more mistakes in putting money in right places
than otherwise. One should identify the degree of risk bearing capacityone has and also
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clearly state the expectations from the investments. Irrational expectations will only bring
pain.
2. Try to understand where the money is going: It is important to identify the nature
of investment and to know if one is compatible with the investment. One can lose
substantially if one picks the wrong kind of mutual fund. In order to avoid any confusion it
is better to go through the literature such as offer document and fact sheets that mutual fund
3. One first has to decide what he wants the money for and it is this investment goal
that should be the guiding light for all investments done. It is thus important to know the
risks associated with the fund and align it with the quantum of risk one is willing to take.
One should take a look at the portfolio of the funds for the purpose. Excessive exposure to
any specific sector should be avoided, as it will only add to the risk of the entire portfolio
.Mutual funds invest with a certain ideology such as the "Value Principle" or "Growth
Philosophy". Both have their share of critics but both philosophies work for investors of
different kinds. Identifying the proposed investment philosophy of the fund will give an
importance that there is thought given to the process of investment and to the time horizon
of the intended investment. One should abstain from speculating which in other words
would mean getting out of one fund and investing in another with the intention of making
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quick money. One would do well to remember that nobody can perfectly time the market so
staying invested is the best option unless there are compelling reasons to exit.
5. This old age adage is of utmost importance. No matter what the risk profile of a
person is, it is always advisable to diversify the risks associated. So putting ones money in
different asset classes is generally the best option as it averages the risks in each category.
Thus, even investors of equity should be judicious and invest some portion of the
investment in debt. Diversification even in any particular asset class (such as equity, debt)
is good. Not all fund managers have the same acumen of fund management and with
identification of the best man being a tough task; it is good to place money in the hands of
several fund managers. This might reduce the maximum return possible, but will also
one has to really benefit from them. As we said earlier, since it is extremely difficult to
know when to enter or exit the market, it is important to beat the market by being
systematic. The basic philosophy of Rupee cost averaging would suggest that if one invests
regularly through the ups and downs .of the market, he would stand a better chance of
generating more returns than the market for the entire duration. The SIP s (Systematic
Investment Plans) offered by all funds helps in being systematic. All that one needs to do is
to give post-dated cheques to the fundand thereafter one will not be harried later. The
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Automatic investment Plans offered by some funds goes a step further, as the amount can
7. Do your homework:
It is important for all investors to research the avenues available to them irrespective of the
investor category they belong to. This is important because an informed investor is in a
better decision to make right decisions. Having identified the risks associated with the
investment is important and so one should try to know all aspects associated with it. Asking
Finding funds that do not charge many fees is of importance, as the fee charged ultimately
goes from the pocket of the investor. This is even more important for debt funds as the
returns from these funds are not much. Funds that charge more will reduce the yield to the
investor. Finding the right funds is important and one should also use these funds for tax
efficiency. Investors of equity should keep in mind that all dividends are currently tax-free
in India and so their tax liabilities can be reduced if the dividend payout option is used.
Investors of debt will be charged a tax on dividend distribution and so can easily avoid the
payout options.
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9. Keep track of your investments
Finding the right fund is important but even more important is to keep track of the way they
are performing in the market. If the market is beginning to enter a bearish phase, then
investors of equity too will benefit by switching to debt funds as thelosses can be
minimized. One can always switch back to equity if the equity market starts to show some
buoyancy.
Investments in mutual funds too are not risk-free and so investments warrant some caution
and careful attention of the investor. Investing in mutual funds can be a dicey business for
people who do not remember to follow these rules diligently, as people are likely to commit
mistakes by being ignorant or adventurous enough to take risks more than what they can
absorb. This is the reason why people would do well to remember these rules before they
set out to invest their hard-earned money.
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SOME OF THE EXISTING AMC (ASSET MANAGEMENT
COMPANY)
Alliance Mutual Fund
Mutual Fund
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Taurus Mutual Fund
The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of unit trust of
India at the initiative of government of India and reserve bank of India. The history
Of mutual fund
at the initiative of the Government of India and Reserve Bank of India. The history of
mutual funds in India can be broadly divided into four distinct phases
First Phase 1964-87 Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established on 1963 by an Act of
Parliament. It was set up by the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory
and administrative control of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was de-linked from
the RBI and the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory
and administrative control in place of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit
Scheme 1964. At the end of 1988 UTI had Rs.6, 700 crores of assets under management.
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Second Phase 1987-1993 (Entry of Public Sector Funds) 1987 marked the entry of non-
UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by public sector banks and Life Insurance
Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). SBI Mutual
Fund was the first non- UTI Mutual Fund established in June 1987 followed by Canara
bank Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank
Mutual Fund (Nov 89), Bank of India (Jun 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). LIC
established its mutual fund in June 1989 while GIC had set up its mutual fund in December
1990. At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under management of Rs.47,
004 crores.
Third Phase 1993-2003 (Entry of Private Sector Funds) with the entry of private
sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual fund industry, giving the Indian
investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993 was the year in which the first Mutual
Fund Regulations came into being, under which all mutual funds, except UTI were to be
registered and governed. The erstwhile Kothari Pioneer (now merged with Franklin
Templeton) was the first private sector mutual fund registered in July 1993. The 1993
SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations were substituted by a more comprehensive and revised
Mutual Fund Regulations in 1996. The industry now functions under the SEBI (Mutual
Fund) Regulations 1996. The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with
many foreign mutual funds setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed
several mergers and acquisitions. As at the end of January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds
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with total assets of Rs. 1, 21,805 crores. The Unit Trust of India with Rs.44, 541 crores of
Fourth Phase since February 2003 In February 2003, following the repeal of the Unit
Trust of India Act 1963 UTI was bifurcated into two separate entities. One is the Specified
Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India with assets under management of Rs.29, 835 crores
as at the end of January 2003, representing broadly, the assets of US 64 scheme, assured
return and certain other schemes. The Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India,
functioning under an administrator and under the rules framed by Government of India and
does not come under the purview of the Mutual Fund Regulations. The second is the UTI
Mutual Fund, sponsored by SBI, PNB, BOB and LIC. It is registered with SEBI and
functions under the Mutual Fund Regulations. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile UTI
which had in March 2000 more than Rs.76, 000 crores of assets under management and
with the setting up of a UTI Mutual Fund, conforming to the SEBI Mutual Fund
Regulations, and with recent mergers taking place among different privatesector funds, the
mutual fund industry has entered its current phase of consolidation and growth.
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GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
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MUTUAL FUND - ORGANIZATIONS
There are many entities involved and the diagram below illustrates the Organizational
set up of a mutual fund:
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REGULATORY BODIES
Financial System is basically responsible for the major up and downs in the Economy. So,
there are some regulatory bodies on it which ensures effectiveness In the management of
45
FLOW CHART
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FREQUENTLY USED TERMS IN MUTUAL FUND
NET ASSET VALUE
Net Asset Value is the market value of the assets of the scheme minus its liabilities. The per
unit NAV is the net asset value of the scheme divided by the number of units outstanding
SALE PRICE
The price you pay when you invest in a scheme. Also called Offer Price. It may include a
sales load.
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REPURCHASE PRICE
The price at which units under open-ended schemes are repurchased by the Mutual Fund.
REDEMPTION PRICE
The price at which close-ended schemes redeem their units on maturity. Such prices are
NAV related.
SALES LOAD
A charge collected by a scheme when it sells the units. Also called, Front-end load.
A charge collected by a scheme when it buys back the units from the Unit holders.
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STRUCTURE OF INDIAN MUTUAL FUND
The rising Indian mutual funds industry probably never had it better, as far as the entry of
individual or retail investors is concerned. The industrys total AUM in December 2006
stood at a hefty Rs 3, 23,597 crore, with a total of2.79 crore depositor folios, of which 2.31
crore depositor folios had invested inequity schemes. The share of direct investors, on the
other hand, has been dropping, stating that more retail investors see mutual funds as a
Existing and new market players as well as Exchange Traded Funds are likely to hit the
market in the coming months with a flurry of new Mutual Funds schemes. An action packed
first quarter of 2007 was forecasted to witness at Least 20 new schemes which are waiting
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Market share *(%) of mutual funds companies
PERFORMANCE SNAPSHOT!!!
The year 2006 scored high in terms of both returns and volatility. The rising Indian mutual
funds industry saw its best, as far as the entry of individual or retail investors is concerned.
In 2006, out of the 159 diversified equity funds (includes diversified equity, midcap, and
Nifty
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The best returns generated were up to 58.3% (Tata Infrastructure Fund)
Equity Diversified funds churned out an average 33.2% return, which Comprise of
Infrastructure funds stole the limelight this year with the top three Performers
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TOTAL ASSET MANAGED BY VARIOUS FUND
HOUSES :
The amount of assets managed by AMCs varies every year. Following is the table that
depicts the total amount of asset managed by the well known AMCs in India. It also shows
the ranking of AMCs for the year 2007, based on the above mentioned parameter.
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1) Birla Sun life was the best performer in January 2007 and Rs4, 136 crore to
its assets
2) Reliance MF has become the top mutual fund house in the country by adding
a very Impressive Rs2, 092 crore to assets under management
3) Previous Top Fund House UTI MF declined by Rs574 crore and lost
its top position to Reliance
4) SBI MF was able to acquire 7th position by an addition of Rs2, 466 crore 5)
Tata MF gained Rs1, 045 crore and able to secure its position in top
10.
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BEST EQUITY MUTUAL FUNDS:
(As on 27 th April, 2009)
Following is the ranking of the best mutual funds and their NAVs as on 27thApril, 2009.
The rankings are based on 1 year returns of the Equity Mutual Funds available in the
market.
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MUTUAL FUND AT A GLANCE
A mutual fund is professionally managed firm of collective instrument that pools
A mutual fund is a trust registered with securities and exchange board of India.
The value of each unit of mutual fund, known as net asset value (NAV)
Formula:
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SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN:
Under this a fixed sum is invested each month on a fixed date of a month.
The investor gets the fewer units when the NAV is high and gets the more units
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WORKING OF MUTUAL FUND
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Objective of the study
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To study the mutual fund industry in detail.
To remove the past image of mutual fund from the mind of investors.
To give the updated information to the investors about the high return and less risk
fund.
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Scope of the study
Scope of Mutual Funds has grown enormously over the years. In the first age of mutual
funds, when the investment management companies started to offer mutual funds, choices
were few. Even though people invested their money in mutual funds as these funds offered
them diversified investment option for the first time. By investing in these funds they were
able to diversify their investment in common Mutuals, preferred Mutuals, bonds and other
financial securities. At the same time they also enjoyed the advantage of liquidity. With
Mutual Funds, they got the scope of easy access to their invested funds on requirement.
But, in todays world, Scope of Mutual Funds has become so wide, that people sometimes
take long time to decide the mutual fund type, they are going to invest in. Several
Investment Management Companies have emerged over the years, who offer various types
of Mutual Funds, Each type carrying unique characteristics and different beneficial features.
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Research Methodology
1. Research Design:
of only the essential element of a study, those that provide the basic guidelines for the
details of the project. It comprises a series of prior decision that taken together provide
A research design serves as a bridge between what has been established i.e., the research
objectives and what is to be done, in conduct of the study to relish those objectives. If there
were no research design, the research would have only foggy notions as about what is to be
done.
quantitative type.
2. Unit of Analysis:
Investors
Characteristics of interest:
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Clients willingness to deal in Mutual Fund with Reliance.
3. Sources of Data:
Primary Source :
The primary data is collected using sampling method and by survey using questionnaire.
Secondary Source :
regarding Mutual Funds and competitors are collected by internet, Magazines and
4. Sample Planning:
5. Sample design:
A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers
to the technique or method the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample.
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I have used convenience sampling method
Questionnaire plan: I have used structured for gathering the required data
7. Type of information:
I have collected facts, awareness, attitude, future action plan and reason using
questionnaire.
8. Type of questions:
Data analysis is based on the data collected by way of questionnaires. The data is
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Use of the Project
Through this C can take the way that in which direction they should go for
Through this project (Awareness of Client towards Mutual Fund) we can know
We can know that how many investors are aware about the mutual fund.
We can know that in which type of securities, people want to invest and why.
We can know that if investors dont want to invest in mutual fund so what the
By this project we can know that, which fund is growing up and which fund is
going down.
By this we can know about the co.s that provide the mutual fund investment
facilities.
We can know about the Reliance Mutual fund co. and its working.
We can know about the mutual fund AMC (Asset Management Company)
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Importance of the study
Mutual funds offer inexperienced and experienced investors---who may not have a
lot of money to invest---the ability to invest in more than just one investment tool
risk.
Every person who have no more knowledge about investment and he want to invest
One of the mode to invest mutual fund thats SIP (Systematic Investment Plan) is
less risky to invest and every investor want to invest in less price.
Mutual fund is totally depend upon the NAV value (Net Assets Value)
one single Mutual purchase--their risk is spread out over many fields and
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Research analysis and interpretation
INTERPRETATION:
Mutual fund advisor will suggest the investors to invest in mutual fund investment more
because it is les risky than any investment. In mutual fund the investor can invest in sip
(systematic investment plan) which is depend upon NAV (net asset value) which is less
risky and whenever investors want to close that scheme they can. And it is profitable
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REASONS FOR CHOOSING ABOVE
INTERPRETATION:
After analysis we have got that lots of investors want to invest just for security purpose.
because most of the investors want to secure or their money, so for holding the money they
want to invest in somewhere so that they can safe their money for future .and a persons who
have no knowledge about security market, they can also be invest in mutual funds.
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PROVIDED BY RELIANCE
INTERPRETATION:
After analysis we have known that most of the investors dont know about the mutual fund
services which has been provided by Reliance just because of publicity, Reliance doesnt
show that it provides mutual fund services along with other services such as: pan card
services, d.p. services, share trading services, IPOs services etc. thats why most of the
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INVESTORS INTERESTED TO INVEST IN MUTUAL FUND
INTERPRETATION:
After analysis we have seen that most of the investors are not interested to invest in mutual
Because of unawareness.
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A INVESTORS WANTS TO INVEST ON WHICH BASIS
INTERPRETATION:
After analysis we have got the result that most of the investors want to invest in any
securities on the basis of rate of return, when they invest in any believable security
so they expected or anticipated that they will got the expected rate of return ,
Some people invest on the basis of safety purpose , some small investors mostly
invest their money for saving and for getting into near future
Businessman mostly invests their money on securities just for saving the tax because
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A PERSON WANTS TO TAKE INFORMATION ABOUT MUTUAL
FUND
INTERPRETATION :
By above analysis we can know that most of the clients,
Persons or investors want to know about the mutual fund benefits, schemes, and
Each and every information, because now a days every persons or investors want to
Get information about everything so that on time he can utilize optimum utilization Of
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A PERSON WHO WANT TO DO THE JOB IN RELIANCE
MUTUAL FUND
INTERPRETATION:
After analysis we got that investors dont want to do the job in Reliance because:
Because lots of persons have no time for joining that and there is lack of
management in each dept. of Reliance that is also be reason that persons dont want
to do job in Reliance
Some persons dont want just because of lack of knowledge about investment.
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Some persons dont want to do the job in Reliance because they dont want to
INTERPRETATION:
By above evaluation we can see that some investors are interested to join the seminar
on mutual fund which has been organized by Reliance because they actually want
to know the actual situation of mutual fund that : benefits ,why this investment exist,
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Most of the persons dont want to attend seminar because
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INTERPRETATION:
We all know that most of the investors or persons are interested to invest in public co. or
government co. in which there is less chance to drop out the invested money while on the
other hand less of the persons are not interested to invest in private sector because there is
Same as we can see in the above chart that most of the investors want to invest in reliance
co. because investors has made the mind set that we will get always theprofit in investing
over there while only small investors who invest very small amount in security invest in
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WHY THE CLIENTS BELIEVE ONLY ABOVE CHOOSING FUND
INTERPRETATION:
Most of the investors or clients want to invest in public co. because most of the
It is risk free means to say there is less risk to invest in that type of funds, that is a
trustworthy co.
Some investors invest just because of good return, peoples perception towards that
co. is that it will never incurred loss and it will not cheat the investors.
Reliance is one of the most powerful and reputed co. even we can say MNC co. so
just because of good positioned in the market investors want to invest over there.
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CLIENTS WANT TO GET ADVISORY SERVICES FROM RELIANCE
INTERPRETATION:
Investors who have already invested in mutual fund they all want advisory services from
Reliance, in advisory services; we can know NAV (net assets value) of each fund on daily
basis.
So investors want to get those services so that they can take right decision on right time, if
he sees that he is getting loss in investing fund so by this services he canswitch from loss
fund to profitable fund. So all the investors want to get that type of services from Reliance.
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PROVIDE 100% RETURN NOW A DAYS
INTERPRETATION:
We have seen that most of the investors dont want to invest in dsp black rock fund, which
is international co. , they dont want to invest because they know that now a days the NAV
of this fund is very low approx. (14 -15 rs.) so on this the 100% return is not so hectic for
the org. and market is totally based upon uncertainty and always be fluctuating so he thinks
that may be dspblack rock will not provide same return in future so the investors may get
lost, so they dont want to invest in this. Only those investors would like to invest in this
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INVESTORS WOULD LIKE TO INVEST IN
INTERPRETATION:
We can see that most if the investors want to invest in debt funds because there is a solid
reason behind this is that the debt funds provide the fixed rate of interest to the investors,
While only big investors want to invest in equity market because equity fund provide the
dividend according to performance of the org. if there will be profit in org so investors will
Thats why investors want to invest in debt funds rather than equity market.
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WHICH TYPE OF INSTRUMENT CURRENTLY INVESTED IN
INTERPRETATION:
Now a days most of the investors want to invest in others funds such as:
FDs
INSURANCE
Etc.
After that the investors mostly focus on to invest in debt market just for reducing the
risk.
After that they want to invest in equity market for getting more profit.
Then investors want to invest in commodity market just for saving money in near
future
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FINDING OF REPORT
2) tudy of Reliance, I came to know that Reliance is not much popular as other brands
operating in Lucknow city. Bajaj Allianz, HDFC, ICICI are having much higher
3) Reliance as an investment option in Mutual Fund does not possess much proficiency
and potential customers in Lucknow city. Though the financial advisors advise their
sector.
4) The advisors after having a deep thought says that it is the Returns that make them
convince their clients to go for investment in mutual funds. 36% of advisors said
that it is the Returns which make a person to invest in Mutual Fund. Followed by
5) A huge lot of advisors showed a positive response in dealing of for Mutual Fund.
About 60% of them said that they are interested in dealing for Mutual Funds,
6) As far as Reliance is concerned about 91% of the advisors said that they are not
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7) When asked, 53% of advisors said that they are not interested to work with Reliance
Securities, to the contrary with they dont have any such expansion plans and they
an Investment hub.
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SWOT ANALYSIS
A type of fundamental analysis of the health of a company by examining its strengths(S),
weakness (W), business opportunity (O), and any threat (T) or dangers it might be exposed
to.
# I. STRENGTHS
well-known brand names, which allows the company to appeal to many different
distribution of its products. Its online and Internet-based access offers a combination
of excellent growth prospects and its retail direct business also saw growth of 27%
in 2002 and
15% in 2003.
Various sources of income : Reliance has many sources of income throughout the
group, and this diversity within the group makes the company more flexible and
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Large pool of skilled and knowledgeable manpower .
# II. WEAKNESS
Emerging markets : since there is more investment demand in the United States,
Japan and the rest of Asia, Reliance should concentrate on these markets, especially
Mutual funds are like many other investments without a guaranteed return:there is
always the possibility that the value of your mutual fund will depreciate. Unlike
fixed-income products, such as bonds and Treasury bills, mutual funds experience
price fluctuations along with the stocks that make up the fund. When deciding on a
particj*ular fund to buy, you need to research the risks involved just because a
professional manager is looking after the fund, that doesnt mean the performance
will bestellar.
Fees : In mutual funds, the fees are classified into two categories: shareholder fees
and annual operating fees. The shareholder fees, in the forms of loads and
redemption fees are paid directly by shareholders purchasing or selling the funds.
The annual fund operating fees are charged as an annual percentage usually
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ranging from 1-3%. These fees are assessed to mutual fund investors regardless of
the performance of the fund. As you can imagine, in years when the fund doesnt
III. OPPORTUNITIES
Potential markets : The Indian rural market has great potential. All the major
market leaders consider the segments and real markets for their products. A senior
official in a one of the leading company says foray into rural India already started
and there has been realization that the rural market is both price and quantity
conscious.
Entry of MNCs : Due to multinationals are entering into market job opportunities
are increasing day by day. Also India Mutual Fund majors are tie up with other
financial institutions.
# IV. THREATS
Hedge funds : sometimes referred to as as hot money, are also causing a threat for
mutual funds have gained worldwide notoriety for bringing the markets down. Be it
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a crash in the currency, A stock or A bond market, A usually a hedge fund
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RECOMMENDATION
There is high potential market. For mutual fund investors Lucknow city but this market
need to bed explored as investors are still hesitated to invest their money in mutual fund.
marketing of various scheme is required, co. should arrange more and more
Co. should also provide the knowledge of growth rate and expected growth rate of
Reliance must be concentrate on the management of the co. so that every work can
Reliance must be advertising its tie up co. fund along with their features that the
Reliance must be provided the advice to investors about mutual fund growing fund.
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CONCLUSION
The awareness level of investors is low who are interested in dealing in
mutual fund :
Most of the investors want to invest in public co.s fund just because of safety
purpose.
Most of the investors want to invest in debt funds because those are the risk free
Most of the investors dont know about the mutual funds so they want advisory
services from reliance which could provide them whole information about the
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ANNEXURE
We assure you that all the information that will be collected from you
will remain fully confidential and use only for study purpose.
NAME: ___________________________________
DESIGNATION/ADDRESS: ____________________________________________
NO.:___________________
customers:
a) Shares ( )
b) Insurance ( )
c) Mutual fund ( )
d) Fixed deposit ( )
2) Please indicate reason for choosing above :
a) Return ( )
b) Risk ( )
c) Safety ( )
d) Tax benefit ( )
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e) Others ( )
3) Do you know about the mutual fund services provided by the Reliance :
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
a) Return ( )
b) Safety ( )
c) Tax saving ( )
d) Others ( )
a) Yes ( )b No ( )
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7) Will you like to work in Reliance Mutual Fund Ltd. , which deals with mutual
fund :
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
8) In future will you attend the seminar arranged by Reliance to guide the investors
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
b) ICICI
c) Reliance
a) Return ( )
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b) Good market position ( )
c) Risk free ( )
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
12)Now a days DSP black rock fund provides the 100 % return so do you want to
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
13)If you have Rs. 100 , in which of these assets classes would you like to invest :
a) Equity ( )
b) Debt ( )
c) Commodities ( )
d) Derivatives ( )
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14)Which type of instrument are currently invested in :
b) Debt funds ( )
d) Others_____________________
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITE :
http://www.moneycontrol.com http://www.amfi.com
http://www.Reliance .com//v2/
www.amfiindia.com
MAGAZINES :
S.Gopichand, the finapolis , Reliance Mutual Fund Ltd..,volume 4 , 2010
Thank you
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