No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the author.

GATE SOLVED PAPER

Mathematics
Calculus of Variations & Integral Equations

Copyright By NODIA & COMPANY

Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This book
is published with the understanding that Nodia and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting
to render engineering or other professional services.

NODIA AND COMPANY

B-8, Dhanshree Tower Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur 302039
Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
www.nodia.co.in
email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
 GATE SOLVED PAPER - MA
CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS & INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

YEAR 2005 ONE MARK

2
Q. 1 The eigenvalues of the integral equation y ^x h = # sin ^x + t h^t hdt are
0

(A) 1 , 1 (B) 1 , 1
2 2
(C) , (D) 2, 2

Y
N
Q. 2 The extremum of the functional

A
1

<c dx m + 12xyF dx
dy 2
I = #
0

P
M
satisfying the conditions y ^0 h = 0 and y ^1 h = 1 is attained on the curve
(A) y = sin2 x (B) y = sin x
2 2
O
(C) y = x3
C (D) y = 1 <x3 + sin x F
2 2

Q. 3 The integral equation

&
IA#
x

y ^x h = x ^x t h y ^ t h dt

D
0

O
is solved by the method of successive approximations. Starting with initial
approximation y 0 ^x h = x , the second aproximation y2 ^x h is given by

N
(A) y2 ^x h = x + x + x (B) y2 ^x h = x + x
3 5 3

3! 5! 3!
(C) y2 ^x h = x x (D) y2 ^x h = x x + x
3 3 5

3! 3! 5!

YEAR 2004 TWO MARKS

Q. 4 Given that the eigen values of the integral equation

2

y ^x h = l # cos ^x + t hy^t hdt

0

are 1 and 1 with respective eigen functions cos x and sin x .

Then the integral equation
2

y ^x h = sin x + cos x + # cos ^x + t hy^t hdt has

0

(A) Unique solution for = 1/ (B) Unique solution for = 1/

(C) Unique solution for = (D) No solution for =

Q. 5 The values of for which the integral equation

GATE SOLVED PAPER - MA CALCULUSOFVARIATIONS&INTEGRALEQUATIONS

y ^x h = # ^6x t hy^t hdt

0

has a nontrivial solution, are given by the roots of the equation

(A) ^3 1h^2 + h 2 = 0 (B) ^3 1h^2 + h + 2 = 0
(C) ^3 1h^2 + h 4 = 0
2
(D) ^3 1h^2 + h + 3 = 0

Q. 6 The extremals for the functional

x1

v 6y ^x h@ = # ^xyl + yl2hdx
x0

are given by the following family of curves

(A) y = c1 + c2 x + b 4 l (B) y = 1 + c1 x + c2 b 4 l
Y
x2 x2

N
PA
(C) y = c1 + x + c2 b 4 l (D) y = c1 + c2 x b 4 l
x2 x2

YEAR 2003
M ONE MARK

O
C
1
Q. 7 Extremals y = y ^x h for the variational problem v 6y ^x h@ = # ^y + y'h2 dx satisfy the
differential equation

&
0

(A) y m + y = 0 (B) y m y = 0

IA
(C) y m + yl = 0 (D) yl + y = 0

D
x+t 0 # t # x
Q. 8 Let k ^x, t h = *

O
0 otherwise
Then, the integral equation

N
1

y ^x h = 1 + # y ^ t h k ^x, t h dt , has

(A) A unique solution for every value of

(B) No solution for any value of
(C) A unique solution for finitely many values of only
(D) Infinitely many solutions for finitely many values of

YEAR 2003 TWO MARKS

Q. 9 The functional
2

v 6y ^x h@ = # 6^ylh + 6xy + x @dx , y^0h = 0 , y^2h = 2

2 3

0
can be extremized on the curve
(A) y = xo (B) 2y = x3
(C) y = x3 6x (D) 2y = x3 2x

Q. 10 The integral equation

x 1

y ^x h = # ^x t hy^t hdt x # ^1 t hy^t hdt

0 0

is equivalent to
GATE SOLVED PAPER - MA CALCULUSOFVARIATIONS&INTEGRALEQUATIONS

(A) y m y = 0, y ^0 h = 0, y ^1 h = 0 (B) y m y = 0, y ^0 h = 0, yl^0 h = 0

(C) y m + y = 0, y ^0 h = 0, y ^1 h = 0 (D) y m + y = 0, y ^0 h = 0, yl^0 h = 0

Q. 11 The integral equation

2

y ^x h = # sin ^x + t hy^t hdt

0

has
(A) No solution for any value of
(B) Unique solution for every value of
(C) Infinitely many solutions for only one value of
(D) Infinitely many solutions for two values of

Y
YEAR 2002 TWO MARKS

N
Q. 12 An extremal of the functional

A
b

I 6y ^x h@ = # cx, y, dx m dx ; y ^a h = y , y ^b h = y ,
dy

P
1 2
a

M
satisfies Eulers equation, which in general

O
(A) Is a second order linear ordinary differential equation (ODE)

C
(B) Is a non-linear ODE of order greater than two
(C) Admits a unique solution satisfying the conditions y ^a h = y1 , y ^b h = y2

&
(D) May not admits a solution satisfying the conditions y ^a h = y1 , y ^b h = y2

YEAR 2001
IA ONE MARK

D
The initial value problem corresponding to the integral equation

O
Q. 13
x

y ^x h = 1 + # y^t hdt is
N 0

(A) yl y = 0, y ^0 h = 1 (B) yl + y = 0, y ^0 h = 0
(C) yl y = 0, y ^0 h = 0 (D) yl + y = 0, y ^0 h = 1

YEAR 2000 TWO MARKS

t
Q. 14 If y ^ t h = 1 + # y^v he ^t + v h
dv then y ^ t h at t = 1 equals
0

(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3

YEAR 1999 TWO MARKS

Q. 15 The solution of the integral equation

1

g ^s h = s + # su ^gu hdu is given by

2

(A) g ^ t h = 3t (B) g ^ t h = 4t
4 3
GATE SOLVED PAPER - MA CALCULUSOFVARIATIONS&INTEGRALEQUATIONS

(C) g ^ t h = 2t (D) g ^ t h = 3t
3 2

**********

Y
N
PA
M
O
C
&
IA
D
O
N

GATE SOLVED PAPER - MA CALCULUSOFVARIATIONS&INTEGRALEQUATIONS

ANSWER KEY
CALCULUS OF VARIATIONS & INTEGRAL EQUATIONS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(B) (C) (D) (D) (A) (B) (B) (A) (D) (B)
11 12 13 14 15
(C) (A) (A) (C) (B)

Y
N
PA
M
O
C
&
IA
D
O
N