Chapter 1- WELDING

SCIENCE AND ALLIED

PROCESSES

WELDING PROCESSES
DND 1023
TERMS AND
DEFINITIONS OF
WELDING
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

WELDING
An operation in which two or more parts
are united by means of heat or pressure or
both, in such a way that there is continuity
in the nature of the metal between these
parts.

WELD
A union of pieces of metal made by
welding
CLASSIFICATION
OF WELDING
CLASSIFICATION OF WELDING

 The simplest way to classify welding is by

its process phases.
 There are 2 kinds of process phases in
welding:
1. SOLID PHASE WELDING
PROCESS
2. LIQUID PHASE WELDING
PROCESS
SOLID PHASE WELDING

 Process of joining material without

melting it either by heating, or by
pressure, or by using both.

 By bringing the material at the joint into

plastic condition suitable for welding to
occur.(In this condition the material is
still in a solid state)
SOLID PHASE WELDING

 Examples are:
Ultrasonic welding
Friction welding
Friction stir welding
Explosive welding
Cold or hot roll bonding
Blacksmith & forged welding
Diffusion bonding
LIQUID PHASE WELDING

 Process of joining material by melting it.

 By bringing the material at the joint into

liquid state
LIQUID PHASE WELDING
 Examples are:-

Gas welding
SMAW (MMA)
GMAW (MAG/MIG)
GTAW (TIG)
FCAW
SAW
Spot welding
Plasma welding
Laser welding
Electron beam welding
Thermit welding
Electroslag welding
SOLDERING
SOLDERING

 Process in which two or more metal items

are joined together by melting and flowing
a filler metal (solder) into the joint, the
filler metal having a lower melting
point than the workpiece.

 The material used for joining is called

solder (alloy of lead and tin).
IS SOLDERING IS A WELDING
PROCESS?


Not homogenous

 lower temperature

 strength is lower
BRAZING
BRAZING
 Metal-joining process whereby a filler
metal is heated above melting point
(450 C) but always below the melting
temperature of the parent material and
distributed between two or more close-
fitting parts by capillary action.

 The material used for joining is Brass

(alloy of copper and zinc) or Silver alloy
IS BRAZING IS A WELDING PROCESS?


not the same material

 lower temperature

 strength is lower
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SOLDERING AND BRAZING?

 melting temperature of solder is

much lower

 strength of
soldering is much lower