Bharuch Water Project

Working on Text content & selection photos for approval
PRESENTATION on Drinking Water

Management
in
BHARUCH District
By
Dr. Rajender Kumar (IAS)

District Development Officer
Bharuch District
PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

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PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER
MANAGEMENT
in
BHARUCH DISTRICT
An ANALYSES & OBSERVATION OF WORKINGS BY

The District Development Officer
Bharuch District
A Report & Observation in Three Parts

A) Preface to Six Sigma after Acknowledgement & Synopsis
B) History - A Successful execution

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C) The Present & the Future – Works in progress & planning ahead of
time
D) SWOT Analyses – A point wise workings on replication of the same for

any Rural Water Supply Project throughout INDIA
TABLE OF CONTENT
 Acknowledgement
 SYNOPSIS
A) HISTORY - A Successful execution :: (Contents)
 Bharuch Topography – + – water TDS level
 Brief-History – Drinking Water scenario / Hydrogeological Survey (Water

Table / Water Schemes by State & Central Government & related water sources)
 Project Conceptualisation / Assessment (Source / Infra / Quality / Quantity )
 Solution / Synchronization of Fund-Management & various water sources for

Infrastructural requirements / Diagram of Fund utilisation Before & After
intervention & co-ordination of DDO office / Cost effective solution
 Hansot Taluka Report & impact Assessment (Including Excel & Chart data –
not covering more than 7 pages)
 Letter of Thanks & Gratitude (from Hansot Taluka – implemented project)
 Silent efforts of DDOffice since 2008 is fruitful – & success makes way for
‘PHASE-2’
Photos & Content :: Major usage from VEDA booklet photos
HISTORY section - coverage within 25 to 30 Pages max
=================================
B) The Present & the Future :: (Contents)
 Assessment (Source / Infra / Quality / Quantity ) - Source / Storage /

Distribution = TDS level of current project – Valia Taluka highlighted

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 Infrastructural Gaps in water supply – where Swajaldhara / GWSSB & other
schemes are combined to have a unison in planning of funds /
 Nikora based supply in 18 villages near Bharuch to be highlighted
 GNFC & ONGC involvement & assistance thus synch with other Project Funds
 Nikora water supply success
 R.O Plant – 73 unfit villages & related reports
 PANEE SAMEETEE – (Water Committee) Maintenance & involvement making

Rural development in water supply – self reliance a dream come true.
 R.O Plant – cost factor & working in villages (Need/Usage/Economic

aspect/Installation)
=================================
C ) Swot Analyses & workings on how to replicate the same for any Rural Water
Supply Project anywhere in INDIA
 Swajaldhara & Panee Sameete – & responsibility
 Committee members:: Hierarchy + job roles & responsibility
 Training & awareness building programme & implementation
 Management & maintenance of RO Plants
 Committee Booklets & Forums
 Every state has one WASMO – how to avail wellness
 Annexure for Reference & Questionnaires & study criteria in English for
reference to be implemented in local languages if the particular state
governance wants to implement the same.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank the concerned officials at the GWSSB Bharuch, _______,
the officials at
We would like to thank GWSSB / WASMO / VEDA / and other private

organisations such as the GNFC & Smt. Sudha Anchlia (IAS), then CMD, GNFC for
her persuasion, constant support and guidance, Shri. Guruprasad Mohapatra
(IAS), MD GNFC for his constant guidance and support. for their involvement.
The Gram Panchayat and Pani Samiti (for & by) the people of the Bharuch
rural community, who made these projects a success in awareness & action upon
the initiative taken by the District Development Office. We also thank
concerned health officers at the block level and also other staff members at
District Panchayat Office, Bharuch for providing us with information for the
observation and analyses.

DDO – Bharuch
SYNOPSIS
• Fresh water availability per annum, per person, in India is 2000 cubic
meters.
• While in Gujarat State it is 1137 cubic meters.
BHARUCH
Area (Km2) : 5353 · 8 Talukas
Density (/Km2) : 210 · 662 Villages
Population: 1,370,104 · 4 Nagarpalikas Photo :

A1

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This Book is a Report & Observation in Three Parts of the Drinking water
provisions in the areas of Bharuch district, located in the southern part of
Gujarat, near the Gulf of Khambhat in Arabian Sea.
Because of high concentration of industries (such as chemical, petrochemical,

engineering, ports and shop building) as well as due to nearness to the coastline,
drinking water is one of the major problems in the district. The District
Administration had an innovative programme of installing Reverse Osmosis (RO)
plants besides other provisional projects for providing drinking water in all the
villages of Bharuch district.
A2 – A14
The selection of R.O intervention as a major stakes performer was a part of a

multi-tier systematic strategy, developed after an extensive survey by the
district officials, led by DDO, Bharuch, and intensive interactions with the
beneficiaries for the whole of Bharuch district. Since there was no such scheme
for R.O. water intervention and therefore no ready funds, it was the committed
efforts of DDO that there was convergence of different existing schemes
wherein untapped fund from all the different water and sanitation projects
(Government / Private / Social welfare) were mobilized to ensure the innovative
idea sees the light of day and make it a success.
Thus at the project conception stage, a multi-stage planning-process was

designed wherein Hansot Taluka was selected as a priority. Buoyed by the
positive response of the intervention in Hansot Taluka, the district administration
successfully proceeded with the implementation of the second and third stages.
The 1st Phase of the programme devised by DDO, Bharuch, Dr Rajender Kumar,
IAS wherein the villages of Hansot taluka were provided with RO Plants. The
quality of water in the taluka varied from highly saline to moderate saline. The
TDS varying from 896 ppm to 4675 ppm in the entire taluka with an average of
2280 ppm indicating that the available water is not fit for drinking purposes
except in some villages. To begin with an Equi-TDS map is drawn to study the
quality of water in details in the area Hansot area, results indicating that the
provisional drinking water in the whole Hansot taluka is not fit for human
consumption.
Photo V-1. From Veda / IAS Presentation

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The water samples analysed by the study team after the monsoon indicated high
degree of mixing of saltwater with fresh water and the reduction of TDS
considerably in the area. This event is very short and cannot be depended on
long term basis for the provision of drinking water. However, this indicates that
people would not use much of RO plant during the monsoon period. This time
can be utilized for maintaining and repairs of the same.
A detailed study was conducted by ‘Rajeev Gandhi National Drinking Water

Mission’ (Comment Unaudible), which found 100 villages/habitation having
inadequate facility of water supply and 146 villages/habitation having acute
water quality problem in 2003, which was systematically addressed over this
time, however there were gaps even after these efforts. To address this
situation, a systematic survey and source mapping was done in 2008 by the
district team on adequacy of drinking water supply and quality of water. The
major parameter studies were per-capita water availability from various sources
in the village / habitat on qualitative aspects, TDS, Nitrate and
Thus assessing the problem and looking at the then current Drinking water
scenario source mapping was done : wherein
A) Adequacy of the water supply to given villages
B) Overall quality of the water available
C) TDS, Nitrate & Fluoride levels
D) Infrastructure mapping to assess (Availability & infra gaps in the supply

were checked)
The best practical solution was sought for. The task included not just multiple
fund diversions and management to a singular resource focus but also
synergising of different water supply sources and changing the then position of
drinking water to an edible and drinkable source.
This is when the Bharuch District Development Office made combination of

efforts & resources possible by combining programs like Swajaldhara / GWSSB &
other schemes available to the state in planning for project funds and workings.

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The success of the 1st Phase in Hansot initiated the 2nd phase of workings in the
District, wherein RO Plants and Nikora based water supplies where kicked off
under the supervision of DDO Bharuch. The involvement and support of major
industries in the area, such as GNFC & ONGC was also attained for relieving the
cost factor which comes with such a infrastructural execution.
The benefits of RO Plant installation are clearly visible, since surveys done after
the 1st phase in the villages where RO Plant installation showed that instances
like stone in gall-bladder, stomach pain and skin-disease had reduced. As per
observation of Community Health Care Centre, Hansot, the instances of
waterborne diseases have reduced by 30-35%. Besides these R.O water is highly
helpful in proper & fast cooking of food.
Besides these, a fixed convenient timing for water supply has led in better
planning of day-schedule for womenfolk for engaging in livelihood or any village
or recreational activity, since distribution of water at convenient timings these
particular villagers. Also social causes and increased level of social commitment
like Free supply of RO water to schools & anganwadi going children, the time
cost particularly of the girl child for fetching water has reduced.
Photo C3.
Looking at the benefits it was clearly identified as an asset and recommended for
being maintained and sustained for longer time. Thus Six sigma / SWOT
analyses was done to boost not just the installation but also the
maintenance factors of these RO Plants. Thus after further analyses it is
proposed that the use of R.O. be increased to about 70% of households, the
maintenance of the RO Plants is recovered. Subsequently, the use of R.O water
can be further increased so that in the longer run cost of the RO plants is also
recovered. The Benefit cost Ratio (BCR) works out to be about 1.04 and the
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is about 21 % indicating the installation of R.P
plants is technically feasible as well as economically viable provided at least 73
% of the Households use the same.
Points worked upon on a Lean Six Sigma level of delivery to the end users wherein all
factors natural and otherwise were measured and incorporated in the planning. Such as:
• Scientific drainage system for disposal of R.O. wastage water should be

established.
• It should be ensured that water filtration plant room and surrounding is
hygienic.
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• There should be differential rate of water charges for economically backward
(especially BPL category) sections of the society to encourage them under the
ambit of RO water scheme.
• Based on Panchayat rules and regulation, bank account of Pani Samiti should
be separated and it should be ensured that the finance is utilized only on
maintenance and management of R.O. Plant.
• At least one women member should be there in the Bank account as
authorized signatories.
• There should be a practice of rotation of members ofThisPanisection
Samitican
periodically,
be briefly
as per panchayat rules.
described and
• Registers and other essential inventory should be maintained andpoints taken in
managed
properly by the Pani Samiti. extensive / detailed description
of “Execution TDS
• Extensive Training to the operators for RO system maintenance, / Methodology”
setting
and filter change etc. of R.O. Plant section
• The motivational training should be provided to all Pani Samiti Members to
sensitize them about their role and responsibilities; and encourage and ensure
their active participation in rural water supply system
• The scientific rain water harvesting system should be promoted as alternative
source of enhancing drinking water security in the villages
• The electricity connection to the R.O. Plants be supplied at differential rates
(lower rates) rather than commercial charges
• The enlightened village youth should be trained and encouraged as Mechanic,
in a cluster of 8-10 villages for providing regular technical support and
facilitating community-based maintenance and management system
• The damaged water tank should be reconstructed and villages lacking water
tank facility should get these tanks constructed.
• The water pipe line with valve system should be put, according to the
geographical condition of village. Also the booster system sucking extra water
through motor pump should be banned so that water can be supplied equally
and forcefully.
• During summer water, there is need to ensure that canal water reaches ponds
in remote villages to ensure the perennial source of water for R.O. system.

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SIX SIGMA
A Quality improvement
system with a great deal of emphasis
on accountability & bottom-line
results – Many companies use
Six Sigma management to
improve efficiency and eliminate defects. It also helps in reducing costs
Six Sigma comes from the managerial approach designed to create processes
that result in no more than 3.4 defects per million. One of the important
characteristics of Six Sigma is a clear focus on achieving bottom-line results in a
relatively short period. Initially, only a few companies adopted Six Sigma in their
organizations. However, after seeing the success at these companies, other
companies worldwide have instituted Six Sigma management programs.
Why you need to do Six Sigma?

Six Sigma can cut waste and save money. Consider how much money could be saved by
eliminating potential defects and the resulting scrap and warranty returns. Time and money may
be wasted in corrective actions and delays. Also consider the image those results from product
failures for the customer. In order to determine the waste, you need to understand what adds
value to your product and what does not.
One way to know how good you are doing is to compare your operation to similar ones
elsewhere, as a benchmark. If there are similar operations in your organization, then bench
marking will be easier.
Six Sigma Costs and Savings

One can't expect to significantly reduce costs and increase sales using Six Sigma without investing in training, organizational
infrastructure and culture evolution. Sure you can reduce costs and increase sales in a localized area of a business using the
Six Sigma quality methodology. For Example,
* Motorola adopted Six Sigma in1987. In 1988, Motorola won its first Baldridge Award.
"Companies of all types and sizes are in the midst of a quality revolution. GE saved $12 billion over five years and added $1
to its earnings per share. Honeywell (AlliedSignal) recorded more than $800 million in savings."

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"GE produces annual benefits of over $2.5 billion across the organization from Six Sigma."
"Motorola reduced manufacturing costs by $1.4 billion from 1987-1994."
"Six Sigma reportedly saved Motorola $15 billion over the last 11 years."
Criteria for selecting a Six Sigma project (by Suresh J)

(Extract from : http://forum.benchmarksixsigma.com/discussion/topic/show/141151)
1. Strategic Importance : A project that solves critical problems for the company will not only benefit the
company but also ensure that company management will support the project and provide resources to
ensure its success.
2. Root Cause Solution Unknown : It is important to pick a problem that does not already have a known
root cause or solution. If the solution is known, just go ahead and implement it. Don't waste Six Sigma
resources to identify the root cause and come up with the same solution.
3. Chronic Issue : Select a problem that is a chronic issue (happens often). If you pick a problem that only
occurs once and will not repeat, there is no point in spending time to develop a solution if it never
happens again. Also, it would be difficult to collect past data to analyze the causes because the problem
occurred only once in the past.
4. Well Managed Scope : Select a project that can be completed in a reasonable period of time. The
project that you pick should be in your control. You should be able to make the recommended changes
in order to improve the process. If things are not in your control, then it would be difficult to deploy your
project recommendations and hence complete the project.

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HISTORY & SUCCESSFUL EXECUTION
Impact of Drinking Water Schemes Implemented by Government of Gujarat
Fresh water availability per annum, per person average in India is 2000 cubic
meters. While in Gujarat it is 1137 cubic meters. District Bharuch, having 8
talukas and 1.3 million population, although situated on the banks of river
Narmada, is a typical alluvial coastal area with TDS level, varying from 896 ppm
-to- 4675 ppm, making it unfit for drinking water purposes
<Awaiting Photo of TDS reading above 4000 if possible> Below an Analog

TDS/pH - (Source autotoolsequipment.com)
Image of Pocket TDS/Ec Meter (Source from HiTech website) (Technicality of both to
be checked with Mr. Dharmesh Mehta- Hi Tech)
Sample

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The Population Factor :
The population of Hansot taluka of Bharuch district is in the order of 68782 as of
year 2001, which would increase to about 102006 by the year 2021 with a
growth
rate of 2 %. The water requirement of the taluka would be in the order of 1.49
mcm/
year @ of 40 LPCD. As the total area falls in the saline area, at least pure
drinking
water @ of 5 lpcd has to be provided for drinking purposes. This would be in the
order of 0.187 mcm/year.
This is the report of From a TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) level soaring from
____ to ____ , the District of Bharuch is
The funds were independently available
To put an RO plant up is one thing and to sustain it with

maintainance is another
--
A detailed study was conducted in about 10 villages to know present scenario of

drinking water situation in the villages of Hansot taluka of Bharuch district. About
200 people were contacted and the detailed discussions were held and the
information was collected regarding the present position of drinking water supply
vis-a-vis their requirement as well other social aspects of the villages. The data
has been analysed with Statistical package SPSS and the results are broadly as
under.
• The sources of water supply include, hand pumps, wells, tap tanks, canals etc.
Wherein
— The majority of the villages are not fitted with Hand pumps and even where
they are installed, they are not properly working.
— The majority of the villages have more than three wells for drinking water
supply but only about 2 wells work on an average.
• 78 % of the villages get water supply every day. In the remaining villages,
there is no fixed schedule of getting drinking water. In about 10 % of the cases,
people get twice in a day.
• The water is supplied mainly in the morning while in some places; the water is
supplied both in morning and evening.

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• 52 % of the time, the water is supplied about less than one hour while 36 % of
the time the water is supplied about 1 to 2 hours.
• About 70 % of respondents opined that they are getting adequate water for
drinking purposes.
A few suggestions for its successful implementation RO plants as well as general
drinking water schemes in the villages are given below:
The recommendations based on the field experience for improving the

effectiveness of implementation of RO plants as well as general drinking water
schemes in the villages are summarized below.
• Sustainability of R.O. intervention: It is proposed that if the use of R.O. is

increased to about 70% of households, the maintenance of the RO Plants is
recovered. Subsequently, the use of R.O water can be further increased so that
the cost of the RO plants is also recovered. The Benefit cost Ratio (BCR) works
out to be about 1.04 and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is about 21 %
indicating the installation of R.P plants is technically feasible as well as
economically viable provided at least 73 % of the Households use the same.

P a g e | 14
The Drinking Water Scenario
• Fresh water availability per annum, per person, in India is 2000 cubic
meters.
• While in Gujarat State it is 1137 cubic meters.
• District Bharuch, having 8 talukas and 1.3 million population, although

situated on the banks of Narmada river, is a typical alluvial coastal area
with TDS level, varying from 896 ppm -to- 4675 ppm, making it unfit for
drinking water purposes.
• Shallow water tables in the area, has severe drinking water problem,
particularly in coastal Hansot Taluka, consisting of 46 villages. All of which
were found having TDS level average 2280 ppm, indicating that the
available water is not fit for drinking.
• The survey conducted by ‘Rajeev Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission’

found 100 villages /habitation having inadequate facility of water supply &
146 villages/habitation having acute water quality problem.

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A) HISTORY & Successful execution :: (Contents)
 Bharuch Topography – + – water TDS level
 Brief-History – Drinking water scenerio / Hydrogeological survey (Water

Table / Water Schemes by Guj Government & related water sources)
 Project Conceptualisation / Assessment (Source / Infra / Quality / Quantity )
 Solution / Synchronization of Fund-Management & various water sources for

Infrastructural requirements / Diagram of Fund utilisation Before & After
interventio & co-ordination of DDO office / Cost effective solution
 Hansot Taluka Report & impact Assessment (Including Excel & Chart data –
not covering more then 7 pages)
 Letter of Thanks & Gratitude (from Hansot Taluka – implimented project)
 Silent efforts of DDOffice since 2008 is fruitful – & success makes way for the
phase 2
Photos & Content :: Major usage from VEDA booklet

photos

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SELECTED PHOTOS
The photos selected herein will be placed in order of activities and reports
Custom Made
A1
A2

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A3. Bholav Village resourvers

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A5. Bholav
Village resourvers provisions

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A7. Mothiya Village plant
setup
A8. Well at RAYMA

Village : Other Water Resources being brought in the RO scheme

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A9. Ponds at
Shera : Other sources brought into RO provision
A10. Village Water & Hygiene Orientation drive attendance at Chandravan village
: initiated by Wasmo & the Village water committee under Swajaldhara Program
(a Self-reliance of water program)

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A11.
A12

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A13
A14. R-1200 series from HiTech site (Will get clear photo from HiTech)
A15. RO10000 – 50000 (Capacity 10000 Ltrs per hour)

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New - Charts to be represented in order
C1
C2. To be placed with charts of other water source types
C3.

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C4. C5.

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Photo extract from www.GWSSB.org
To be applied in relevant water source & finished project literature

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From Veda / IAS Presentation
V1. To be placed near Hansot related literature
V2.

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V3. Assessment Charts - placed in the Analyses related literature
V4
V5
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V6
V7
V8. To be used for TDS level

assessment

P a g e | 31
V9
All inauguration Photos to be used for completion literature
.V10
.V11

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.V12

P a g e | 33
List of Abbreviations
Option 1 : End pages of the Book / Option 2 : Below each page
containing the Abbreviation or
1.) TDS: Total Dissolved Solids are the total amount of mobile charged ions,
including minerals, salts or metals dissolved in a given volume of water,
expressed in units of mg per unit volume of water (mg/L), also referred to as
parts per million (ppm). TDS is directly related to the purity of water and the
quality of water purification systems and affects everything that consumes, lives
in, or uses water, whether organic or inorganic, whether for better or for worse.
2.) PPM: Parts Per Million is the weight-to-weight ratio of any ion to water.
3.) RO: Reverse Osmosis works by forcing water under great pressure against a
semi-permeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass through while
excluding most contaminants. RO is the most thorough method of large-scale
water purification available.
3.) DDO: District Development Office works for the development of the District &
its Talukas with a perspective of ______
4.) GNFC : option of giving website details as well for such corporates
5.) ONGC

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Left – to – Right: Names of dignitaries to be put in

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ROUGH - DRAFT - INSERTIONS
The Road Ahead - & - Behind Us (At the end of this book)
 Behind us
◦ What we have seen so far is the amount of work done with clear analyses
and joint initiative from various departments coming together for a
common good, and succeeding in-spite of the red tapes & beaurocracy
◦ If education is the right of every child citizen between age 6 to 14, then
Pure Drinking Water is the right of every Citizen regardless of religion,
caste or creed, sex or age, the right to good health and a healthy future
 Ahead
◦ The future is what we should aim to foresee and beyond, what we
have achieved should only motivate us to accomplish even more
◦ What we want to achieve is perfect Health (the Wealth of the
Country is only determined by the health of its individuals)
Compiled by

P a g e | 36

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Working on Text content & selection photos for approval

PRESENTATION on Drinking Water

Dr. Rajender Kumar (IAS)

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

An ANALYSES & OBSERVATION OF WORKINGS BY

The District Development Officer

A Report & Observation in Three Parts

B) History - A Successful execution

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

D) SWOT Analyses – A point wise workings on replication of the same for

A) HISTORY - A Successful execution :: (Contents)

 Bharuch Topography – + – water TDS level

 Brief-History – Drinking Water scenario / Hydrogeological Survey (Water

 Project Conceptualisation / Assessment (Source / Infra / Quality / Quantity )

 Solution / Synchronization of Fund-Management & various water sources for

 Letter of Thanks & Gratitude (from Hansot Taluka – implemented project)

Photos & Content :: Major usage from VEDA booklet photos

HISTORY section - coverage within 25 to 30 Pages max

B) The Present & the Future :: (Contents)

 Assessment (Source / Infra / Quality / Quantity ) - Source / Storage /

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

 Nikora based supply in 18 villages near Bharuch to be highlighted

 Nikora water supply success

 R.O Plant – 73 unfit villages & related reports

 PANEE SAMEETEE – (Water Committee) Maintenance & involvement making

 R.O Plant – cost factor & working in villages (Need/Usage/Economic

 Swajaldhara & Panee Sameete – & responsibility

 Committee members:: Hierarchy + job roles & responsibility

 Training & awareness building programme & implementation

 Management & maintenance of RO Plants

 Committee Booklets & Forums

 Every state has one WASMO – how to avail wellness

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

We would like to thank GWSSB / WASMO / VEDA / and other private

Dr. Rajender Kumar (IAS)

Area (Km2) : 5353 · 8 Talukas

Density (/Km2) : 210 · 662 Villages

Population: 1,370,104 · 4 Nagarpalikas Photo :

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

Because of high concentration of industries (such as chemical, petrochemical,

The selection of R.O intervention as a major stakes performer was a part of a

Thus at the project conception stage, a multi-stage planning-process was

Photo V-1. From Veda / IAS Presentation

A detailed study was conducted by ‘Rajeev Gandhi National Drinking Water

B) Overall quality of the water available

C) TDS, Nitrate & Fluoride levels

D) Infrastructure mapping to assess (Availability & infra gaps in the supply

This is when the Bharuch District Development Office made combination of

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

• Scientific drainage system for disposal of R.O. wastage water should be

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

Why you need to do Six Sigma?

Six Sigma Costs and Savings

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

"Motorola reduced manufacturing costs by $1.4 billion from 1987-1994."

Criteria for selecting a Six Sigma project (by Suresh J)

project recommendations and hence complete the project.

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

Impact of Drinking Water Schemes Implemented by Government of Gujarat

<Awaiting Photo of TDS reading above 4000 if possible> Below an Analog

PRESENTATION ON DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT IN BHARUCH DISTRICT

The funds were independently available

To put an RO plant up is one thing and to sustain it with

A detailed study was conducted in about 10 villages to know present scenario of