Page 1 of 44

Chapter 9 Trigonometry

Try these 9.1

(a) sin 4x = 0.28

4x = sin 1 (0. 28)
4x = 180n + (1)n (16.3), n
1
= x [180n + ( 1) n (16.3)], n
4
(b) cos (x + 30) = 0.6
x + 30 = cos1 (0.6)
x + 30 = 360n 53.13
x = 360n + 23.13
n
x = 360n 83.13
(c) tan (2x + 45) = 0.7
2x + 45 = tan 1 (0.7)
2x + 45 = 180n + 35
2x = 180n 10
x = 90n 5 , n
Hence x = 90n 5, n

Exercise 9A
1
1 sin 2 =
2

2 = n + ( 1)n , n
6

n= 2p 2= 2p
6

= p
12

n= 2p + 1 2
= (2p + 1) +
6
2p + 1 13
= + = p +
2 12 12

Hence = p
12 p

13
p +
12
2 cos 3 = 0

3= 2n , n
2
2
=
n , n
3 6

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 2 of 44

tan 2 + =1
3
3


2 + = n +
3 4

2 = n +
4 3
1
=
n
2 12
1
=
n , n
2 24
1
4 cos 2 =
4 2

2 = 2n
4 3

2= 2n +
3 4
7
2= 2n + , 2n
12 12
7
= n +
24 n


= n
24
1
5 sin 3 =
3 2

3 = n + ( 1)n , n
3 4

n= 2p] 3 = 2p +
3 4

3= 2p + +
4 3
1 7
= 2p + ,p
3 12

n = 2p + 1] 3 = (2p + 1)
3 4

3=
(2p + 1) +
4 3

3= 2p + +
4 3
1 13
= 2p + , p
3 12
1 7
= 2p +
3 12
p
1 13
2p +
3 12

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 3 of 44

1
6 tan = 1
2 2
1
= n
2 2 4
1
= n +
2 4 2

= 2 n + , n
4
7 sin 3x = 3 cos 3x
sin 3x
= 3
cos 3x
tan 3x = 3
3x = n + 1.25
1
=
x n + 0.416, n
3

Try these 9.2

sec cos sin 2

(a) RTP: =
sec + cos 1 + cos 2
Proof:
1
cos
sec cos cos
=
sec + cos 1
+ cos
cos
1 cos2
cos
=
1 + cos2
cos
1 cos2
=
1 + cos2
sin 2
=
1 + cos 2
1 cos 2
(b) RTP: = sin
sin
Proof:
1 cos 2 sin 2
=
sin sin
= sin
sec + tan sin
(c) RTP: =
cot + cos cos 2
Proof:
sec + tan
cot + cos

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 4 of 44

1 sin
+
cos cos
=
cos
+ cos
sin
1 + sin
cos
=
cos + cos sin
sin
(1 + sin ) sin
=
(cos + cos sin ) cos
(1 + sin ) sin
=
cos2 (1 + sin )
sin
=
cos 2

Try these 9.3

(a) (i) 3 sin2 = 1 + cos

3 (1 cos2) = 1 + cos
3 cos2 + cos 2 = 0
(3 cos 2) (cos + 1) = 0
2
cos = , cos = 1
3
= 48.2, 311.8, 180
(ii) 4 cosec2 4 cot 7 = 0
4 (1 + cot2) 4 cot 7 = 0
4 cot2 4 cot 3 = 0
(2 cot + 1) (2 cot 3) = 0
1 3
cot = , cot =
2 2
2
tan = 2, tan =
3
= 116.6, 296.6, 33.7, 213.7
(b) 20 sec2 3 tan 22 = 0
20 (1 + tan2) 3 tan 22 = 0
20 tan2 3 tan 2 = 0
(4 tan + 1) (5 tan 2) = 0
1 2
tan = , tan =
4 5
1
tan = = 180n 14, n
4
2
tan = = 180n + 21.8, n
5

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 5 of 44

Exercise 9B

1 (sin + cos )2 1
= sin2 + 2 sin cos + cos2 1
= 1 + 2 sin cos 1, since sin2 + cos2 = 1
= 2 sin cos
2 sin x (sin x cot x cosec x)
cos x 1
= sin 2 x sin x
sin x sin x
cos x
= sin 2 x
sin x
2
= sin x cot x
3 sin4 cos4
= (sin2 cos2) (sin2 + cos2)
= sin2 cos2
4 sin2 (cot2 + cosec2)
cos2 1
= sin 2 2 + 2
sin sin
cos2 + 1
= sin 2
sin
2

= 1 + cos2
sin 2 1 (1 sin 2 )
5 =
cos2 cos2
(cos2 )
= = 1
cos2
sec 2 tan 2 sec 2 (sec 2 1)
6 =
sin sin
1
=
sin
= cosec
sin 2
7 RTP: 1 = cos
1 cos
Proof:
sin 2
1
1 cos
1 cos 2
= 1
1 cos
(1 cos ) (1 + cos )
= 1
1 cos
= 1 (1 + cos )
= cos
cos 2
8 RTP: 1= sin
1 sin
Proof:

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 6 of 44

cos 2 1 sin 2
= 1 1
1 sin 1 sin
(1 sin )(1 + sin )
= 1
1 sin
= 1 + sin 1
= sin
cosec cos
9 RTP: = tan
cos sin
Proof:
cosec cos

cos sin
1 cos
=
sin cos sin
1 cos 2
=
sin cos
sin 2 sin
= =
sin cos cos
= tan
1 cos 2
10 RTP: = cos 2
1 sec 2
Proof:
1 cos2 sin 2
=
1 sec 2 tan 2
cos 2
= sin 2
sin 2
= cos2
11 RTP: sec4 x sec2 x = tan4 x + tan2 x
Proof:
sec4x sec2x
= sec2x (sec2x 1)
= (1 + tan2 x) (tan2 x), since sec2 x 1 = tan 2 x
= tan2 x + tan4 x
cos x sin x
12 RTP: + =
sin x + cos x
1 tan x 1 cot x
Proof:
cos x sin x
+
1 tan x 1 cot x
cos x sin x
= +
sin x cos x
1 1
cos x sin x
cos x sin x
= +
cos x sin x sin x cos x
cos x sin x

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 7 of 44

cos2 x sin 2 x
= +
cos x sin x sin x cos x
cos2 x sin 2 x
=
cos x sin x
(cos x sin x) (cos x + sin x)
=
cos x sin x
= cos x + sin x
1 cos x
13 RTP: = (cosec x cot x) 2
1 + cos x
Proof:
Now (cosec x cot x)2
2
1 cos x
=
sin x sin x
2
1 cos x
=
sin x
(1 cos x)2
=
sin 2 x
(1 cos x)2
=
1 cos2 x
(1 cos x) (1 cos x)
=
(1 cos x) (1 + cos x)
1 cos x
=
1 + cos x
1 1
14 RTP: + =2 sec 2 x
sin x + 1 1 sin x
Proof:
1 1 1 sin x + 1 + sin x
+ =
sin x + 1 1 sin x (1 + sin x) (1 sin x)
2
=
1 sin 2 x
2
=
cos2 x
= 2 sec2 x
15 RTP: sin4 sin2 = cos4 cos2
Proof:
sin4 sin2
= sin2 (sin2 1)
= (1 cos2) ( cos2) = cos2 + cos4
cot 2 x 1
16 RTP: = cot 2 x
tan 2 x 1
Proof:

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 8 of 44

cos2 x
1
cot 2 x 1 sin 2 x
=
tan 2 x 1 sin 2 x
1
cos2 x
cos2 x sin 2 x cos2 x
=
sin 2 x sin 2 x cos2 x
1
2
cos x
=
sin 2 x
= cot2 x
17 4 sec x tan x = 6 cos x
Converting to sin x and cos x:
4 sin x
=6 cos x
cos x cos x
4 sin x = 6 cos2x
4 sin x = 6 [1 sin2x]
4 sin x = 6 6 sin2x
6 sin2 x sin x 2 = 0
Let y = sin x
6y2 y 2 = 0
(3y 2) (2y + 1) = 0
2 1
=y ,
3 2
2 1
sin x = , sin x =
3 2
x = 41.8, 138.2, x = 210, 330
x = 41.8, 138.2, 210, 330
18 3 tan2 x sec x 1 = 0
Replacing tan2 x = sec2 x 1
3 [sec2 x 1] sec x 1 = 0
3 sec2 x sec x 4 = 0
y = sec x
3y2 y 4 = 0
(3y 4) (y + 1) = 0
4
=y , 1
3
4
Now sec x = , sec x = 1
3
3
cos x =cos x = 1
4
x = 41.4, 318.6, x = 180
x = 41.4, 180, 318.6
19 2 cot2 x + cosec x = 1
Replacing cot2 x = cosec2 x 1
2 [cosec2 x 1] + cosec x = 1
2 cosec2 x + cosec x 3 = 0
y = cosec x
2y2 + y 3 = 0
(2y + 3) (y 1) = 0

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 9 of 44

3
y= ,y= 1
2
3
=
cosec x = , cosec x 1
2
2
=
sin x = , sin x 1
3
x = 221.8, 318.2, x = 90
x = 90, 221.8, 318.2
20 3 cos2 x = 4 sin x 1
3 (1 sin2 x) = 4 sin x 1
3 sin2 x + 4 sin x 4 = 0
y = sin x
3y2 + 4y 4 = 0
(3y 2) (y + 2) = 0
2
=y ,2
3
2
sin x = , sin x = 2 (invalid)
3
x = 41.8, 138.2
21 2 cot x = 3 sin x
2 cos x
= 3 sin x
sin x
2 cos x = 3 sin2 x
2 cos x = 3 (1 cos2 x)
3 cos2 x + 2 cos x 3 = 0
2 40
cos x =
6
cos x = 1.387, 0.72076
cox x = 1.387 (invalid)
cos x = 0.72076
x = 43.9, 316.1
22 sin2 x = 3 cos2 x + 4 sin x
cos2 x = 1 sin2 x
sin2 x = 3 (1 sin2 x) + 4 sin x
sin2 x = 3 3 sin2 x + 4 sin x
4 sin2 x 4 sin x 3 = 0
(2 sin x + 1) (2 sin x 3) = 0
1 3
sin x = , sin x = (invalid)
2 2
x = 210, 330
23 2 cos x = tan x
sin x
2 cos x =
cos x
2 cos2 x = sin x
2 [1 sin2 x] = sin x
2 sin2 x + sin x 2 = 0
1 17
sin x =
4

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 10 of 44

1 17
sin x =
4
x = 51.3, 128.7
24 2 cot x = 1 + tan x
2 cos x sin x
= 1+
sin x cos x
2
=1 + tan x
tan x
2 = tan x + tan2 x
tan2 x + tan x 2 = 0
(tan x 1) (tan x + 2) = 0
tan x = 1, tan x = 2
x = 45, 225, x = 116.6, 296.6
25 2 + 3 sin z = 2 cos2 z
2 + 3 sin z = 2 (1 sin2 z)
2 sin 2 z + 3 sin z = 0
sin z (2 sin z + 3) = 0
3
=
sin z 0,= sin z (invalid)
2
z = n + ( 1)n (0)
z = n, n
26 2 cot2 x + cosec x = 4
2 (cosec2 x 1) + cosec x 4 = 0
2 cosec2 x + cosec x 6 = 0
(2 cosec x 3) (cosec x + 2) = 0
3
cosec x = , cosec x = 2
2
2 1
sin x = , sin x =
3 2
x = n + ( 1) (0.730) n
n

x = n + ( 1) n , n
6
27 2 sec x + 3 cos x = 7
2
+ 3 cos x = 7
cos x
2 + 3 cos2 x = 7 cos x
3 cos2 x 7 cos x + 2 = 0
(3 cos x 1) (cos x 2) = 0
1
=
cos x = , cos x 2 (invalid)
3
x = 2n 1.23, n
(28) 5 cos x = 6 sin2 x
5 cos x = 6 (1 cos2 x)
6 cos2 x + 5 cos x 6 = 0
(3 cos x 2) (2 cos x + 3) = 0
2 3
=
cos x = , cos x (invalid)
3 2
x = 2n (0.841) n

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 11 of 44

Try these 9.4

7
cos=
cos +
(a)
12 3 4

= cos cos sin sin
3 4 3 4
1 2 3 2
=
2 2 2 2
2 6
=
4 4
2
= (1 3)
4
5
(b) sin =
sin +
12 4 6

= sin cos + cos sin
4 6 4 6
2 3 2 1
= +
2 2 2 2
2
= ( 3 + 1)
4
7
(c) sin =
sin +
12 3 4

= sin cos + cos sin
3 4 3 4
3 2 1 2
= +
2 2 2 2
2
= ( 3 + 1)
4

Exercise 9C

1 sin 75 = sin (30 + 45)

= sin 30 cos 45 + cos 30 sin 45
1 2 3 2
= +
2 2 2 2
2 6
= +
4 4
2
= ( 3 + 1)
4
sin (A B) 5
2 =
sin (A + B) 13

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 12 of 44

sin A cos B cos A sin B 5

=
sin A cos B + cos A sin B 13
13 sin A cos B 13 cos A sin B = 5 sin A cos B + 5 cos A sin B
18 cos A sin B = 8 sin A cos B
sin B sin A
18 =8
cos B cos A
9 tan B = 4 tan A
5
3 tan =
12

3
cos =
5

(a) sin ( + =
) sin cos + cos sin
5 3 12 4
= +
13 5 13 5
15 48 33
= =
65 65 65
5 4

tan tan 12 3 63
(b) =
tan ( ) = =
1 + tan tan 5 4 16
1+
12 3
(c) cos ( =
) cos cos + sin sin
12 3 5 4 16
= + =
13 5 13 5 65
4 sin ( + 30) + 3 cos ( + 30)
= sin cos 30 + cos sin 30 + 3 cos cos 30 3 sin sin 30
3 1 3 3
= sin + cos + 3 cos sin
2 2 2 2
1 3
= cos + cos
2 2
= 2 cos.
5 sin ( + 30) = 2 cos ( + 60)

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 13 of 44

sin cos 30 + cos sin 30 = 2 cos cos 60 2sin sin 60

3 1 1 3
sin + = cos (2) cos 2 sin
2 2 2 2
3 1
sin + 3 sin= cos cos
2 2
3 3 1
=
sin cos
2 2
3 3 sin= cos
6 sin ( += ) k sin ( )
sin cos + cos sin= k sin cos k cos sin
cos sin + k cos sin= k sin cos sin cos
cos sin (k + 1) = sin cos (k 1)
k + 1 sin
sin
=
cos
k 1 cos
k +1
=
tan tan
k 1
12
7 cos =
13

+5
(a) sin =
13
5
(b) tan =
12
(c) cos ( + 30)
= cos cos 30 sin sin 30
12 3 5 1
=
13 2 13 2

12 3 5 1
= = (5 + 12 3)
26 26 26
12
8 sin =
13

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 14 of 44

5
cos =
13
4
sin =
5

3
cos =
5
both and are in the second quadrant
(a) sin ( + ) = sin cos + cos sin
12 3 5 4
= +
13 5 13 5
36 20 56
= =
65 65 65
(b) cos ( + ) = cos cos sin sin
5 3 12 4
=
13 5 13 5
15 48 33
= =
65 65 65
56
sin ( + ) 65 56
(c) tan ( += ) = =
cos ( + ) 33 33
65
1
9 cos =
4

Since is in the 4th quadrant sin is negative

15
(a) sin =
4

(b) sin = sin cos cos sin
6 6 6
15 3 1 1
=
4 2 4 2
3 5 1
=
8 8

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 15 of 44

(c) cos + = cos cos sin sin
3 3 3
1 1 15 3
=
4 2 4 2
1 3 5
=+
8 8
10 (a) tan (2 )
tan 2 tan 0 tan
= =
1 + tan 2 tan 1+ 0
= tan
3
(b) sin +
2
3 3
= sin cos + cos sin
2 2
= (1) cos + (0) sin
= cos
11 tan A = y + 1
tan B = y 1
tan A tan B
tan(A B) =
1 + tan A tan B
y + 1 (y 1)
=
1 + (y + 1) (y 1)
2
=
1 + y2 1
2
= 2
y
2
2 cot(A B) =
tan(A B)
2
=
2
y2
= y2
1 + tan
12 (a)
1 tan

+ tan
tan
= 4

1 tan tan
4

= tan +
4
1 1
(b) cos + sin
2 2

= cos cos + sin sin
4 4

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 16 of 44

= cos
4
13 cot ( ) = 4
1
tan( ) =
4
tan tan 1 1
= cot = tan = 2
1 tan tan 4 2
tan 2 1
=
1 2 tan 4
4 tan 8 = 1 2 tan
6 tan = 9
9 3
tan = =
6 2
2
cot =
3
cos( ) cos( + )
14
sin( + ) + sin( )
cos cos + sin sin cos cos + sin sin
=
sin cos + cos sin + sin cos cos sin
2 sin sin
=
2 sin cos
sin
=
cos
= tan
15 tan ( + ) = b
1
tan =
2
tan + tan
tan ( + ) = b =
b
1 tan tan
1
tan +
2 = b
1
1 tan
2
2 tan + 1
=b
2 tan
2 tan + 1 = 2b b tan
2 tan + b tan = 2b 1
tan (2 + b) = 2b 1
2b 1
tan =
b+2
16=
P VI cos sin 2 (t ) VI sin sin t cos t
= VI sin t [cos sin t sin cos t ]
= VI sin t sin(t )

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 17 of 44

Try these 9.5

(a) 3sin cos = r sin ( )

= r sin cos r cos sin
r cos = 3 [1]
r sin = 1 [2]
1
[2] [1] tan = , =
18.4
3
[1]2 + [2]2 r2 [cos2 + sin2 ] = 32 + 12
r2 = 10
r = 10
3 sin =
cos 10 sin ( 18.4)
10 sin( 18.4) =2
2
sin( 18.4) =
10
2
18.4 =sin 1
10
18.4
= 39.2,140.8
=
57.6,159.2
(b) 3 cos 2 sin
= 2 r cos(2 + )
= r cos 2 cos r sin 2 sin
r cos = 3 [1]
r sin = 1 [2]
1
[2] [1] tan = = 30
3
[1]2 + [2]2] r2 = 3 + 1 r = 2
3 cos 2 sin = 2 2 cos (2 + 30)
2 cos(2 + 30) = 1
1
cos(2 + 30) =
2
2 + 30 = 360n 120
2 = 360n + 90
2 = 360n 150
= 180n + 45
n
180n 75
(c) 2 sin x cos x = r sin (x )
= r sinx cos r cos x sin
r cos = 2
r sin = 1
1
tan = = 26.6
2
r 2 = 22 + 12 r = 5
2 sin x cos
= x 5 sin (x 26.6)

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 18 of 44

max f (x) = 5

when sin(x 26.6) =1, x 26.6 =90

x = 116.6
min f (x) = 5

when sin(x 26.6) =

1
x 26.6 = 270
x = 296.6

Try these 9.6

(a) cos 2 cos = 0

2 cos2 cos 1 = 0
(2 cos + 1) (cos 1) = 0
1
cos = , cos = 1
2
= 120, 240, 0, 360
Hence = 0, 120, 240, 360
(b) cos = sin 2
cos 2 sin cos = 0
cos (1 2 sin) = 0
1
cos = 0, sin =
2
= 0, 180, = 30, 150
Hence = 0, 30, 150, 180
(c) cos 2 2cos = 3
2 cos2 1 2cos 3 = 0
2 cos2 2cos 4 = 0
cos2 cos 2 = 0
(cos + 1) (cos 2) = 0
cos = 1, cos = 2.
= 180 cos = 2 has no solutions
Hence = 180

Exercise 9D
sin 2x + cos x
1 RTP: = cot x
2 2 cos 2 x + sin x
Proof:
sin 2x + cos x
2 2cos 2 x + sin x
2 sin x cos x + cos x
=
2 sin 2 x + sin x
cos x [2 sin x + 1]
=
sin x [2 sin x + 1]

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 19 of 44

cos x
=
sin x
= cot x
1 cos 2x
2 RTP: = tan 2 x
1 + cos 2x
Proof:
1 cos 2x
1 + cos 2x
2 sin 2 x
=
2 cos 2 x
= tan2x
3 RTP: tan x cot x = 2 cot 2x
Proof:
sin x cos x
tan x cot
= x
cos x sin x
sin 2 x cos 2 x [cos 2 x sin 2 x] 2 cos 2x
= = = = 2 cot 2x
cos x sin x 1 sin 2x
sin 2x
2
cos 2x
4 RTP: = cos x + sin x
cos x sin x
Proof:
cos 2x cos 2 x sin 2 x
=
cos x sin x cos x sin x
(cos x sin x) (cos x + sin x)
=
cos x sin x
= cos x + sin x
1 cos 2A + sin A
5 RTP: = tan A
sin 2A + cos A
Proof:
1 cos 2A + sin A
sin 2A + cos A
2 sin 2 A + sin A
=
2 sin A cos A + cos A
sin A (2 sin A + 1)
=
cos A (2 sin A + 1)
sin A
=
cos A
= tan A
1 cos 4
6 RTP: = tan 2
sin 4
Proof:
1 cos 4 2 sin 2 2
=
sin 4 2 sin 2 cos2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 20 of 44

sin 2
=
cos 2
= tan 2
1
7 tan 2x =
4

4 4 17
(a) cos=
2x =
17 17
(b) cos 2x = 1 2 sin2x
2 sin2 x = 1 cos 2x
1 4
sin=2
x 1
2 17
1 2
sin=
x
2 17
1 2 17
=
2 17
sin(x + y) sin(x y)
8 RTP: = tan y
cos(x + y) + cos(x y)
Proof:
sin(x + y) sin(x y) sin x cos y + cos x sin y sin x cos y + cos x sin y
=
cos(x +y) + cos(x - y) cos x cos y sin x sin y + cos x cos y + sin x sin y
2 cos x sin y sin y
= = = tan y
2 cos x cos y cos y
sin( ) 4
9 =
sin( + ) 5
5 sin( ) = 4 sin ( + )
5 sin cos 5 cos sin= 4 sin cos + 4 cos sin
5 sin cos 4 sin cos= 5 cos sin + 4 cos sin
sin cos = 9 cos sin
sin sin
=9
cos cos
tan = 9 tan
1 1
=
tan =
, tan (9) =
3
3 3
2 tan
tan 2 =
1 tan 2
2(3) 6 3
= = =
1 (3) 2
8 4

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 21 of 44

5
10 tan =
12

5
sin =
13
12
cos =
13
cos 2 = 2cos2 1
2
12 119
= 2 = 1
13 169
cos 4 = 2 cos (2) 1
2

239
2
119
= 2 = 1
169 28 561
11 cos = p

(a) sin 2 = 2 sin cos

= 2p 1 p 2
2
1 p2 1 p2
(b)=tan =2

p p2

(c) sin 4 = 2 sin 2 cos 2
= 2 sin 2 [2 cos2 1]
=4p 1 p 2 [2p 2 1]
12 tan 2 = 1
2 tan
=1
1 tan 2
2 tan = 1 tan2
tan2 + 2 tan 1 = 0
2 8
tan =
2
2 2 2
=
2
tan = 1 + 2, 1 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 22 of 44

Since 0 < < 90 tan =

2 1
2 tan
13 tan 2 =
1 tan 2
1
=67
2
1
2 tan 67
1 2
tan 2 67 =
2 1
1 tan 67
2

2
1
2 tan 67
tan135 = 2
1
1 tan 672

2
1
2 tan 67
1 = 2
1
1 tan 672

2
1 1
1 + tan 2 67 =2 tan 67
2 2
1 1
tan 2 67 2 tan 67 1 = 0
2 2
1 2 8
tan 67 =
2 2
22 2
=
2
= 1 2
1
tan 67 = 1 + 2, since the angle is acute
2
3
14 (a) tan =
4
tan( + ) = 2
tan + tan
= 2
1 tan tan
3
+ tan
4 = 2
3
1 tan
4
3 3
+ tan = 2 + tan
4 2
3 3
=
+2 tan tan
4 2
11 1
= tan
4 2
11 11
tan = 2=
4 2
(b)

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 23 of 44

3
sin =
5

11
sin =
125
11
=
5 5
11 5
=
25
cos(A B) 5
15 =
cos(A + B) 2
2 cos(A B) = 5 cos(A + B)
2 cos A cos B + 2 sin A sin B = 5 cos A cos B 5 sin A sin B
2 sin A sin B + 5 sin A sin B = 5 cos A cos B 2 cos A cos B
7 sin A sin B = 3 cos A cos B
7 sin A 3 cos B
=
cos A sin B
7 tan A = 3 cot B
tan B = 3
1
cot B =
3
3 1 1
tan A = =
7 3 7
(a) tan (A + B)
tan A + tan B
=
1 tan A tan B
1
+3
= 7
3
1
7
22
= 7
4
7

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 24 of 44

22 11
= =
4 2
(b)

1 50
=
sin A =
50 50
(c) cos 2A = 1 2sin2A
2
50
= 1 2
50
2
= 1
50
24
=
25
16 Since , and are the angles of a triangle:
+ + = 180
= 180 ( + )
tan = tan (180 ( + ))
tan180 tan( + )
=
1 tan 180 tan( + )
= tan( + )
tan + tan
=
1 tan tan
tan + tan
=
tan tan 1
17

(a) cos 2 = 1 2 sin2

2
1
= 1 2
4
2
= 1
16
7
=
8

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 25 of 44

(b) cos 4 = 2 cos2(2) 1

2
7
= 2 1
8
49
= 1
32
17
=
32
18 3 cos x + 2 sin x = r cos(x )
3 cos x + 2 sin x = r [cos x cos + sin x sin ]
Comparing coefficients of cos x and sin x
r cos = 3 [1]
r sin = 2 [2]
2
[2] [1] tan =
3
= 33.7
[1]2 + [2]2 r2 = 32 + 22
r = 13
3 cos x + 2 sin
= x 13 cos(x 33.7)

(a) Max values = 13

When cos (x 33.7) = 1
x 33.7 = 0
x = 33.7
(b) 3 cos x + 2 sin x = 2
13 cos(x 33.7) =2
2
cos(x 33.7) =
13
2
x 33.7 =cos 1
13
x 33.7 = 360 n 56.3
x = 360 n + 90
n
x = 360 n 22.6
19 (a) 2 sin x + 4 cos x = r sin (x + )
2 sin x + 4 cos x = r sin x cos + r cos x sin
Equating coefficients of sin x and cos x
r cos = 2 [1]
r sin = 4 [2]
4
[2] [1] tan = = 2 = 63.4
2
[1]2 + [2]2 r2 = 22 + 42
r = 20
2 sin x + 4 cos
= x 20 sin (x + 63.4)
2
(b) Max
2 sin x + 4 cos x
2
= Max
20 sin(x + 63.4)

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 26 of 44

2 20
=
20
4 5) 5
= =
20 5
20 4 cos x 3 sin x = r cos (x + )
4 cos x 3 sin x = r cos x cos r sin x sin
(a) Equating coefficients of cos x and sin x
r cos = 4 [1]
r sin = 3 [2]
3
[2] [1] tan = = 36.7
4
[1]2 + [2]2 r2 = 32 + 42
= r = 25 5
4 cos x 3 sin x = 5 cos (x + 36.7)
(b) 5 cos (x + 36.9) = 2
2
cos (x + 36.9) =
5
x + 36.9 = 66.4, 293.6
x = 29.5, 256.7
(c) max (4 5 cos (x + 36.9))
=4+5
=9

cos(x + 36.9) = 1
x + 36.9 = 0, 360
x = 36.9, 323.1

Try these 9.7

(a) sin (C + D) = sin C cos D + cos C sin D [1]

sin (C D) = sin C cos D cos C sin D [2]
[1] [2] sin(C + D) sin(C D) = 2 cos C sin D
A +B AB
Let C = ,D=
2 2
A + B A B A + B A - B A + B A B
sin + sin = 2 cos sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A + B A B
sin A sin B =
2 cos sin
2 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 27 of 44

(b)cos(C + D) = cos C cos D sin D sin C [1]

cos(C D) = cos C cos D + sin C sin D [2]
[1] + [2] cos(C + D) + cos (C D) = 2 cos C cos D
A+B AB
=Let C = , D
2 2
A + B A B A + B A B A + B A B
cos + + cos = 2 cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
A + B A B
cos A + cos B = 2 cos cos
2 2
(c) cos(C + D) = cos C cos D sin C sin D [1]
cos(C D) = cos C cos D + sin C sin D [2]
[1] [2] cos (C + D) cos(C D) = 2 sin C sin D
A+B AB
= Let C = ,D
2 2
A + B A B A + B A B A + B A B
cos + cos = 2 sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A + B A B
cos A cos B =
2 sin sin
2 2

Exercise 9E

1 sin 4 x sin x
4x + x 4x x
= 2 cos sin
2 2
5 3
= 2 cos x sin x
2 2
2 cos 3x + cos 2x
3x + 2x 3x 2x
= 2 cos cos
2 2
5 1
= 2 cos x cos x
2 2
5A + A 5A A
cos5A cos A = 2sin sin
2
3
2
= 2 sin 3A sin 2A
4A + 4B 4A 4B
4 sin 4A + sin 4B = 2 sin cos
2 2
= 2 sin 2(A + B) cos 2(A B)
6A + 4A 6A 4A
5 cos 6A cos 4A = 2 sin sin
2 2
= 2 sin 5A sin A
2A + 8A 2A 8A
6 cos 2A cos8A = 2 sin sin
2 2
= 2 sin 5A sin (3A)
= 2 sin 5A sin 3A

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 28 of 44

7x + 3x 7x 3x
7 sin 7x + sin 3x = 2 sin cos
2 2
= 2 sin 5x cos 2x
5x + 3x 5x 3x
8 cos5x + cos3x = 2 cos cos
2 2
= 2 cos 4x cos x
6x + 2x 6x 2x
9 sin 6x sin 2x = 2 cos sin
2 2
= 2 cos 4x sin 2x
7x + 5x 7x 5x
10 sin 7x + sin 5x = 2 sin cos
2 2
= 2 sin 6x cos x
5
11 (a) cos + cos
12 12
5 5
+

= 2 cos 12 12 cos 12 12
2 2

= 2 cos cos
4 6
2 3
= 2
2 2
6
=
2
5
(b) cos cos
12 12

= 2 sin sin
4 6
2 1
= 2
2 2
2
=
2
5
(c) sin sin
12 12

= 2 cos sin
4 6
2 1
=2
2 2
2
=
2
cos + cos
12
sin + sin

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 29 of 44

+
2 cos cos
2 2
=
+
2 sin
2
cos
2
+
cos
2 +
= = cot
+ 2
sin
2
13 sin 40 + cos 70
= cos 50 + cos 70
50 + 70 50 70
= 2 cos cos
2 2
= 2 cos 60 cos (10)
= 2 cos 60 cos 10
14 cos 5x + cos x = 0
2 cos 3x cos 2x = 0
cos 3x = 0, cos 2x = 0

3x= 2n OR 2x= 2n
2 2
2
x= n or x = n , n
3 6 4
15 sin 6x + sin 2x = 0
2 sin 4x cos 2x = 0
sin 4x = 0, cos 2x = 0

4x = n, 2x= 2n
2
n
x= x =, nn
or
4 4
16 cos 6x cos 4x = 0
2 sin 5x sin x = 0
sin 5x = 0, sin x = 0
5x = n + (1)n or x = n + (1)n (0)
n
x= , xn = n
or
5
17 sin 3x = sin x
sin 3x sin x = 0
2 cos 2x sin x = 0
cos 2x = 0, sin x = 0

2x = 2n , x = n
2

x = n +
4 n
x = n
18 cos 6x + cos 2x = cos 4x
2 cos 4x cos 2x = cos 4x
2 cos 4x cos 2x cos 4x = 0
cos 4x (2 cos 2x 1) = 0

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 30 of 44

cos 4x = 0, 2 cos 2x 1 = 0
1
cos 2x =
2

4x = 2n , 2x = 2n
2 3
2n 2n
x= , x=
4 8 2 6
n
x= +
2 8
n

n
6
19 sin 7x + sin x = sin 4x
sin 7x + sin x sin 4x = 0
2 sin 4x cos 3x sin 4x = 0
sin 4x [2 cos 3x 1] = 0
1
sin 4x = 0, cos3 x =
2

4x = n, 3x = 2n
3
n 2
x= , x,=n n
4 3 9
20 cos 5x sin 3x cos x = 0
cos 5x cos x sin 3x = 0
2 sin 3x sin 2x sin 3x = 0
sin 3x [2sin 2x + 1] = 0
1
sin 3x = 0, sin 2x =
2

3x = n, 2x = n + ( 1) n
6
n n
x= , x= + ( 1) n ,n
3 2 12
21 sin 3x + sin 4x + sin 5x = 0
sin 5x + sin 3x + sin 4x = 0
2 sin 4x cos x + sin 4x = 0
sin 4x (2 cos x + 1) = 0
1
sin 4x = 0, cos x =
2
2
4x = n, x = 2n
3
n 2
x= or x = 2n, n
4 3
22 sin x + 2 sin 2x + sin 3x = 0
sin 3x + sin x + 2 sin 2x = 0
2 sin 2x cos x + 2 sin 2x = 0
2 sin 2x (cos x + 1) = 0
sin 2x = 0, cos x + 1 = 0
2x = n, cos x = 1
x = 2n

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 31 of 44

n
x= or x =,2nn
2
23 cos 3x + cos x + 2 cos 2x = 0
2 cos 2x cos x + 2 cos 2x = 0
2 cos 2x (cos x + 1) = 0
cos 2x = 0, cos x = 1

2x= 2n , x= 2n
2

x = n , x =,2nn
4
sin 4 + sin
24
cos 4 + cos
5 3
2 sin cos
2 2
=
5 3
2 cos cos
2 2
5
= tan
2
sin 6 sin 2
25
cos 6 + cos 2
2 cos 4 sin 2
=
2 cos 4 cos 2
= tan 2
sin 8 + sin 4
26
cos8 cos 4
2 sin 6 cos 2
=
2 sin 6 sin 2
= cot 2
cos 7 + cos
27
sin 7 + sin
2 cos 4 cos3
=
2 sin 4 cos3
= cot 4
sin x + 2 sin 3x + sin 5x
28
sin 3x + 2 sin 5x + sin 7x
sin 5x + sin x + 2sin 3x
=
sin 7x + sin 3x + 2 sin 5x
2 sin 3x cos 2x + 2 sin 3x
=
2 sin 5x cos 2x + 2 sin 5x
2 sin 3x( cos 2x + 1) sin 3x
= =
2 sin 5x (cos 2x + 1) sin 5x

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 32 of 44

3x x
2 sin cos
sin x + sin 2x 2 2
29 =
cos x cos 2x 3x x
2 sin sin
2 2
x
cos
2
=
x
sin
2
x
= cot
2
5x x
2 sin cos
sin 3x + sin 2x 2 2 tan 5x cot x
30 = =
sin 3x sin 2x
5x x 2 2
2 cos sin
2 2
cos3x + cos x 2 cos 2x cos x
31 =
sin 3x + sin x 2 sin 2x cos x
= cot 2x
sin 7 + sin 2 sin 4 cos3
32 =
cos 7 + cos 2 cos 4 cos3
= tan 4
cos + 2 cos2 + cos3
33
cos 2 cos2 + cos3
cos3 + cos + 2 cos 2
=
cos3 + cos 2 cos 2
2 cos 2 cos + 2 cos 2
=
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2
2 cos 2 (cos + 1)
=
2 cos 2 (cos 1)
cos + 1
=
cos 1

2 cos 2
= 2 = cot 2

2 sin 2 2
2
sin 4 + sin 6 + sin 5
34
cos 4 + cos 6 + cos5
sin 6 + sin 4 + sin 5
=
cos 6 + cos 4 + cos5
2 sin 5 cos + sin 5
=
2 cos5 cos + cos5
sin 5 [2 cos + 1]
=
cos5 [2 cos + 1]

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 33 of 44

sin 5
=
cos5
= tan 5
sin 6 + sin 7 + sin + sin 2
35
cos 2 + cos + cos 6 + cos 7
sin 7 + sin 2 + sin 6 + sin
=
cos 7 + cos 2 + cos 6 + cos
9 5 7 5
2 sin cos + 2 sin cos
2 2 2 2
=
9 5 7 5
2 cos cos + 2 cos cos
2 2 2 2
5 9 7
2 cos sin 2 + sin 2
2
=
5 9 7
2 cos cos 2 + cos 2
2
9 7
sin + sin
= 2 2
9 7
cos + cos
2 2

2 sin 4 cos
= 2

2 cos 4 cos
2
sin 4
=
cos 4
= tan 4
sin + sin 3 + cos5 + cos 7
36
sin 4 + cos8 + cos 4
2 sin 2 cos + 2cos 6 cos
=
2 sin 2 cos 2 + 2cos 6 cos 2
2 cos [sin 2 + cos 6]
=
2 cos 2 [sin 2 + cos 6]
cos
=
2 cos 2 1
cos
cos 2 sec
= =
2
1 2 sec 2
cos 2
cos 2 cos3 + cos 7
37
cos + 2cos3 + cos 7
2 cos 4 cos3 2 cos3
=
2 cos 4 cos3 + 2 cos3

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 34 of 44

2 cos3 [cos 4 1]
=
2 cos3 [cos 4 + 1]
cos 4 1
=
cos 4 + 1
2 sin 2 2
=
2 cos 2 2
= tan2(2)
cos5 + 2 cos 7 + cos9
38
cos5 2 cos 7 + cos9
2 cos 7 cos 2 + 2 cos 7
=
2 cos 7 cos 2 2 cos 7
2 cos 7 [cos 2 + 1] cos 2 + 1 2 cos 2
= = = =
cot 2
2 cos 7 [cos 2 1] cos 2 1 2 sin 2
39 2 sin 6 cos = sin 7 + sin 5
40 2 sin 8 cos 4 = [2 sin 8 cos 4]
= [sin 12 + sin 4]
41 2 cos 6 cos 2 = cos 8 + cos 4
42 2 sin 7 sin = [2 sin 7 sin ]
= [cos 8 cos 6]
= cos 6 cos 8
43 2 cos 7 cos 3 = cos 10 + cos 4
44 2 sin 7 cos 3 = [2 sin 7 cos 3]
= [sin 10 + sin 4]
= sin 10 sin 4
45 RTP: 2 cos x (sin 3x sin x) = sin 4x
Proof:
2 cos x (sin 3x sin x)
= 2 cos x [2 cos 2x sin x]
= 2 cos 2x [2 sin x cos x]
= 2 cos 2x sin 2x
= sin 4x
5x + x 5x x
46 sin 5x + sin x = 2 sin cos
2 2
= 2 sin 3x cos 2x.
sin 5x + sin x + cos 2x = 0
2 sin 3x cos 2x + cos 2x = 0
cos 2x [2 sin 3x + 1] = 0
1
cos 2x = 0, sin 3x =
2

2x = 2n , 3x = n + ( 1) n
2 6

x = n
4
n
n n
x= + ( 1)
3 18
47 (a) RTP: sin 2P + sin 2Q + sin 2R = 4 sin P sin Q sin R where P + Q +R = 180

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 35 of 44

Proof:
sin 2P + sin 2Q + sin 2R
= sin 2P + 2 sin (Q + R) cos (Q R)
= sin 2P + 2 sin (180 P) cos (Q R), [Q + R = 180 P]
= 2 sin P cos P + 2 sin P cos (Q R), [sin (180 P) = sin P]
= 2 sin P [cos P + cos (Q R)]
P+QR P Q + R
= 2 sin P 2 cos cos
2 2
= 2 sin P [2 cos (90 R) cos (90 Q)] [P + Q R = 180 2R
P+QR
= 90 R
2
P + R Q = 180 2Q
P+R Q
= 90 Q ]
2
= 4 sin P sin Q sin R [cos(90 R) = sin R
cos (90 Q) = sin Q]

(b) sin 2P + sin 2Q sin 2R

= 2 sin P cos P + 2 cos (Q + R) sin (Q R)
= 2 sin P cos P + 2 cos(180 P) sin (Q R)
= 2 sin P cos P 2 cos P sin (Q R).
= 2 cos P [sin P sin (Q R)]
P+QR P + R Q
= 2 cos P 2 cos sin
2 2
= 2 cos P [2 cos(90 R) sin (90 Q)]
= 4 cos P cos Q sin R
48 (a) Proof:
P + Q + R = 180
sin(Q + R) = sin(180 P)
= sin P
(b) cos(Q + R) = cos(180 P)
= cos P
49 (a) + + = 180.
sin cos + cos sin
= sin ( + )
= sin (180 )
= sin
(b) cos + cos cos
= cos (180 ( + )) + cos cos
= cos( + ) + cos cos
= cos cos + sin sin + cos cos
= sin sin
(c) sin cos sin
cos
= sin(180) sin
= sin cos + cos sin cos sin
= sin cos
50 1 + cos 2 + cos 4 + cos 6
= 1 + cos 2 + 2 cos 5 cos

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 36 of 44

= 2 cos2 + 2 cos 5 cos

= 2 cos [cos + cos 5]
= 2 cos [2 cos 3 cos 2]
= 4 cos cos 2 cos 3
Now 1 + cos 2 + cos 4 + cos 6 = 0
4 cos cos 2 cos 3 = 0.
cos = 0, cos 2 = 0, cos 3 = 0

= 2n , 2 = 2n , 3 = 2n
2 2 2

= 2n
2


= n n
4
2n
=

3 6
51 1 cos 2 + cos 4 cos 6
= 2 sin2 + [2 sin() sin 5]
= 2 sin2 + 2 sin sin 5
= 2 sin [sin + sin 5]
= 2 sin [2 cos 2 sin 3]
= 4 sin cos 2 sin 3
Now 1 cos 2 + cos 4 cos 6 = 0
4 sin cos 2 sin 3 = 0
sin = 0, cos 2 = 0, sin 3 = 0

= n, 2 = 2n , 3 = n
2

= n


n n
4
n
3

Review Exercise 9

cos
1 (a) RTP: = sec + tan
1 sin
Proof:
cos cos 1 + sin
=
1 sin 1 sin 1 + sin
cos (1 + sin )
=
1 sin 2
cos (1 + sin )
=
cos 2
1 + sin
=
cos

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 37 of 44

1 sin
= +
cos cos
= sec + tan
1 1 sec x + tan x
(b) =
sec x tan x sec x tan x sec x + tan x
sec x + tan x
=
sec 2 x tan 2 x
= sec x + tan x [since sec2x tan2x = 1]
2
2 (a) 3 cos x = 1 + sin x
3(1 sin2x) = 1 + sin x
3 3 sin2x = 1 + sin x
3 sin2x + sin x 2 = 0.
y = sin x
3y2 + y 2 = 0
(3y 2) (y + 1) = 0
2
=y , 1
3
2
sin x = , sin x = 1
3
x = n + ( 1) (0.730)
n


n
n
x = n + ( 1) ,
2
2
(b) 3 cos x = 2 sin x
3 cos x = 2(1 cos2x)
2 cos2 x + 3 cos x 2 = 0
y = cos x
2y2 + 3y 2 = 0
(2y 1) (y + 2) = 0
1
=y ,2
2
1
cos x = , cos x = 2 No solutions
2

x= 2n
3
9 + 9 cos6 9(1 + cos6 )
3 =
2 2
= 9 cos 2 (3 )
= 3 cos 3
cos3 sin 3
4 +
cos sin
cos3 sin + sin 3 cos
=
cos sin
sin( + 3 )
=
1
sin 2
2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 38 of 44

sin 4
=
1
sin 2
2
2 sin 2 cos2
=
1
sin 2
2
= 4 cos 2
5 RTP: sin ( + ) sin( ) = sin2 sin2
Proof:
sin ( + ) sin ( )
= (sin cos + cos sin ) (sin cos cos sin )
= sin2 cos2 cos2 sin2
= sin 2 (1 sin 2 ) sin 2 (1 sin 2 )
= sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 + sin 2 sin 2
= sin 2 sin 2
5
6 sin =
13

12
cos =
13
5
tan =
12

3
sin =
5
4
cos =
5
3
tan =
4
(a) sin ( + )
= sin cos + cos sin
5 4 12 3
= +
13 5 13 5

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 39 of 44

20 36
=
65 65
56
=
65
(b) cos( + ) = cos cos sin sin
12 4 5 3
=
13 5 13 5
48 15 33
= + =
65 65 65
7 (a) RTP:
cos 2cos3 + cos 7
= tan 2 (2)
cos + 2cos3 + cos 7
Proof:
cos 2cos3 + cos 7
cos + 2cos3 + cos 7
2 cos 4 cos3 2 cos3
=
2 cos 4 cos3 + 2 cos3
2cos3 (cos 4 1)
=
2 cos3 (cos 4 + 1)
cos 4 1
=
cos 4 + 1
1 2sin 2 2 1
=
2 cos 2 2 1 + 1
2 sin 2 2
=
2 cos 2 2
sin 2 2
=
cos 2 2
= tan2(2)
(b) RTP:
cos5 + 2 cos 7 + cos9
= cot 2
cos5 2 cos 7 + cos9
Proof:
cos5 + 2 cos 7 + cos9
cos5 2 cos 7 + cos9
2 cos 7 cos 2 + 2 cos 7
=
2 cos 7 cos 2 2 cos 7
2 cos 7 [cos 2 + 1]
=
2 cos 7 [cos 2 1]
2 cos 2 1 + 1
=
1 2 sin 2 1
2 cos 2
=
2 sin 2
= cot2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 40 of 44

8 cos 15 = cos(60 45)

= cos 60 cos 45 sin 60 sin 45
2 2 3
=
4 2 2
2
= [1 3]
4
sin( ) sin cos cos sin
9 =
sin sin sin sin
sin cos cos sin
=
sin sin sin sin
cos cos
=
sin sin
= cot cot

10 sin + x cos + x
4 4
1
= sin + 2x
2 2
1
= cos 2x
2
Since sin (90 + = ) cos
11 f() = 3 sin + 4 cos
3 sin + 4 cos = r sin ( + )
= r sin cos + r cos sin
Comparing coefficients of sin and cos
r cos = 3 [1]
r sin = 4 [2]
r sin 4 4 4
[2] [1] = tan = , = tan 1 = 53.1
r cos 3 3 3
[1]2 + [2]2 r 2 sin 2 + r 2 cos 2 = 42 + 32
r2 = 25
r=5
f() = 5 sin ( + 53.1)
max f() = 5
1 1 1
min = =
10 + f () 10 + 5 15
1
12=
f (x) sin 4x +
2 2
1 1
(a) Range : f (x)
2 2

(b) Period :
2
(c)

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 41 of 44

13 (a) 2 cos(2x) + 3 sin 2x = r cos (2x )

= r cos 2x cos + r sin 2x sin
Equating coefficients of cos 2x and sin 2x
r cos = 2 [1]
r sin = 3 [2]
r sin 3
[2] [1] =
r cos 2
3 3
tan = = tan 1 = 56.3
2 2
[1]2 + [2]2 r 2 cos 2 + r 2 sin 2 = 22 + 32
r2 = 13
r = 13
3 cos 2x + 3 sin 2x = 13 cos (2x 56.3)
(b) 13 cos(2 x 56.3) =2
2
cos(2x 56.3) =
13
2
2x 56.3 = cos 1
13
2x 56.3 = 360n 56.3
2x = 360n + 112.6, 360n
x = 180n + 56.3, 180n, n
(c) Maximum value = 13
cos(2x 56.3) = 1
2x 56.3 = 0
x = 28.2
14 2 sin 6 cos = sin 7 + sin 5
15 2 sin 8 cos 4 = [sin 12 + sin 4]
= sin 12 sin 4
16 2 cos 6 cos 2 = cos 8 + cos 4
17 (a) 2 tan x 1 = 3 cot x
3
2 tan x 1 =
tan x
2 tan2 x tan x 3 = 0
(2 tan x 3) (tan x + 1) = 0
3
tan x = , tan x = 1
2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 42 of 44

x = n + 0.983

n
x = n
4
(b) 6 sec2 z = tan z + 8
6 (1 + tan2 z) = tan z + 8
6 tan2 z tan z 2 = 0
(2 tan z + 1) (3 tan z 2) = 0
1 2
= tan z = tan z
2 3
z = n 0.464
n
z = n + 0.588
sin x sin x
18 (a) RTP: + =
2 cos x cot x
1 sec x 1 + sec x
Proof:
sin x sin x
+
1 sec x 1 + sec x
sin x(1 + sec x) + sin x(1 sec x)
=
(1 sec x) (1 + sec x)
sin x + sin x sec x + sin x sin x sec x
=
1 sec 2 x
2 sin x
=
1 1 tan 2 x
2 sin x 2 cos 2 x
= =
sin 2 x sin x
2
cos x
= 2 cot x cos x
1 sin x cos x
(b) RTP: =
cos x 1 + sin x
Proof:
1 sin x 1 sin x 1 + sin x
=
cos x cos x 1 + sin x
1 sin 2 x
=
cos x(1 + sin x)
cos 2 x
=
cos x (1 + sin x)
cos x
=
1 + sin x
OR:
x x x x
cos2 + sin 2 2 sin cos
1 sin x 2 2 2 2
=
cos x x x
cos2 sin 2
2 2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 43 of 44

2
x x
cos sin
2 2
=
x x x x
cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 + sin 2
x x
cos sin
= 2 2
x x
cos + sin
2 2
x x x x
cos sin cos + sin
= 2 2 2 2
x x x x
cos + sin cos + sin
2 2 2 2
x x
cos2 sin 2
= 2 2
x x x x
cos2 + 2sin cos + sin 2
2 2 2 2
cos x
=
1 + sin x
(c) cot + tan
cos sin
= +
sin cos
cos 2 + sin 2
=
sin cos
1 1
=
sin cos
= sec cosec
19 (a) cos 5x sin 3x cos x = 0
cos 5x cos x sin 3x = 0
2sin 3x sin 2x sin 3x = 0
sin 3x (2 sin 2x + 1) = 0
1
=sin 3x 0,= sin 2x
2
n
3x = n x =
3

2x = n + ( 1) n
6
n n
x = 2 + ( 1) 12
n

x = n
3
(b) sin 3x + sin 4 x + sin 5x = 0
sin 4x + sin 3x + sin 5x = 0
sin 4x + 2 sin 4x cos x = 0
sin 4x (1 + 2 cos x) = 0
1
=sin 4x 0,= cos x
2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013

 Page 44 of 44

2
4x = n, x = 2n
3
n
x=
4
n

x = 2n
3
sin 7 sin
20 (a)
cos 7 + cos
2 cos 4 sin 3
=
2 cos 4 cos3
sin 3
=
cos3
= tan 3
cos + 2 cos 2 + cos3
(b)
cos 2 cos 2 + cos3
2 cos 2 cos + 2 cos 2
=
2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2
2 cos 2 (cos + 1)
=
2 cos 2 (cos 1)

2 cos2
2
=

2 sin 2
2

= cot 2
2

Unit 1 Answers: Chapter 9 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2013