1308 Legislation in Indian Mines
2. Accident vulnerability increases when the seam is having lower
incubation period, and lower crossing point.
3. Accident vulnerability increases when there is a higher inci-
dence of geological disturbances such as faults, dykes, etc.
4. Accident vulnerability is highest when the immediate roof is
shale, medium when it is mixed (sandstone and shale), and the lowest when
the roof is of sandstone.
5. Accident vulnerability is highest with a steep seam, and lowest
with a flat seam.
6. Accident vulnerability is highest when the gassiness dgree is
7. Accident vulerability is highest when the seam density is high.
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
Following basic assumptions are made with regard to the effect of
each of the system parameters over the accident vulnerability.
1. Accident vulnerability is high for a high capacity mine.
2. Accident vulnerability is low for a low OMS mine, as the
manpower deployment in the mine is of comparatively lower order.
3. Accident vulnerability is high when the production growth rate
is high.
4. Accident vulnerability is high when there is any new technology
envisaged/applied for the operation of the mine system. Accident potentiallity
is comparatively low for a planned/new mine/project.
SYSTEM OF MINING
OCP (Open Cost Project) mines are presumed to be of low accident
vulnerability as compared to UG (Underground) mines.
METHOD OF MINING
Bord and pillar method of mining, compared to longwall method, has
comparatively higher accident vulnerability, as the method exposes a larger
working area, more manpower, and less concentration of work.
SYSTEM OF MECHANISATION
Fully mechanised workings have lower accident vulnerability as
compared to manual workings, as the working area and manpower deploy=
ment level is comparatively lower.
Safety, Health, and Sanitation in Mines 1309
STAGE OF COAL EXTRACTION
Development workings have lower accident vulnerability as corn-
pared to depillaring areas. Depillaring with stowing has lower accident
vulnerability as compared to depillaring with caving. Mechanised caving
areas have still higher accident vulnerability as compared to manual caving
districts, as the man-machine system , when worked with close roof
support in the restricted working area, exposes men to higher degree of
accident risk.
AGE OF THE MINE
An old mine has more accident vulnerability than a new mine, as the
total area, which has to be kept free from unsafe occurrence, is relatively
larger.
GENERAL LOCATION OF MINE
A far-flung mine, located in a remote area, with scant infrastructural
facilities around, is more vulnerable to accidents, as, in case of any unsafe
occurrence, the risk factor of accident casuality is more, as the casuality and
occurrence may not be attended with the speed and efficiency it deserves.
AVALIABILITY OF BASIC SAFETY HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
Non-availability of the basic safety hardware and software increases
the accident vulnerability.
STATUS OF SAFETY DEVICES IN THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Following areas of operation under production are identified, and
weakness spotting is made in these areas :
(a)Shaft.
(b) Haulage road way.
( c ) Travelling roadway.
(d) Lighting.
( e ) Stone dusting and stone dust barrier.
(0 Water spraying.
Availability to the full satisfaction of the above mentioned sub-
systems, in terms of safety provision, indicate a lower degree of vulnera-
bility.
STATUS OF SAFETY DEVICES AS PER STATUTE AND SAFETY
REQUIREMENTS
Following functional areas are considered :