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|Print|(/index.php/indianpenalcode2/2uncategorised/205commonintentionandcommonobject? Books
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IndianPenalCode

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CriminalProcedureCode
CommonintentionandCommonobject. (/index.php/criminalprocedurecode)

CivilProcedureCode

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DefinitionofCommonintention:
IndianEvidenceAct

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Commonintentionmeanscommonsenseprinciplethatiftwoormorepersonsintentionallydoathing
jointlyitisjustthesameasifeachofthemhaddoneitindividually.Iftwoormorepersonscombine
ininjuringanotherinsuchamannerthateachpersonengagedincausingmustknowthattheresult TransferofPropertyAct
of one of them . Everyone must be taken to have intended the probable and natural results of the (/index.php/transferofpropertyact)
combination of acts in which he joined . All become guilty of the principal offence . The leading
feature of common intention is participation in action. Common intention implies acting in concert
andexistenceofaprearrangedplan.Itisenoughtohavethesameintentionindependentlyofeach LawofTorts(/index.php/lawoftorts)
otherforfasteningconstructiveliabilityfortheactofanother.
LawofContracts(/index.php/lawof
Thedoctrineofconstructiveliabilitylaysdowntheprincipleofjointliabilityinthedoingofacriminal contracts)
act . The essence of that liability can be found in the existence of common intention animating the
offenderleadingtothedoingofacriminalactinfurtheranceofcommonintention.ThisConstructive HinduLaw(/index.php/hindulaw)
Liabilityorjointliabilityisembodiedinsection34oftheIndianPenalCodeascommonintention.
MuhammadanLaw
Essentialingredientsofcommonintentionareasfollows: (/index.php/muhammadanlaw)

TheIndianConstitutionand
Tofallwithinthepurviewofcommonintentionthetwoingredientsmustremainpresent:
ConstitutionalLaw(/index.php/the
i)commonintentiontocommitanoffence
indianconstitutionandconstitutional
ii)participationincommissionoftheoffence. law)

FormUsedInDistrictCourt
DefinitionofCommonobject:
(/index.php/formusedindistrict
court)

Common object means combination of several persons , united for the purpose of committing a
criminal offence , and that consensus of purpose is itself an offence distinct from the criminal
offencewhichthesepersonsagreeandintendtocommit.Whethertheobjectisintheirmindswhen
theycometogether,orwhetheritoccurstothemafterwardsisnotmaterial.Butitisnecessarythat
theobjectshouldbecommontothepersonswhocomposetheassembly,thatis,thattheyshould
allbeawareofit.Itseemsalsothattheremustbesomepresentandimmediatepurposeofcarrying
into effect the common object . It is also an example of constructive liability . In order to prove
commonobject,itisnecessarytoestablishconnectionbetweenthosewhotakeanactivepartinthe
crime.Commonobjectisincorporatedinsection141orunlawfulassembly.


Essentialingredientsofcommonobjectareasfollows:

Thefollowingthreeareessentialingredientstoattractthemischiefofcommonobject:
i)commissionofanoffencebyanymemberofanunlawfulassembly
ii)suchoffencemusthavebeencommittedinprosecutionofthecommonobjectofthatassemblyor
iii)mustbesuchasthemembersofthatassemblyknewthatlikelytobecommitted.

DifferencebetweenCommonintentionandCommonobject:

ThepointsofdifferencesinbetweenCommonintentionandCommonobjectcanbebetterexplained
inthefollowingtabularform:

Commonintention(Sec.34) Commonobject(Sec.149)

i)Commonintentionrequirespriorconcert i) Common object may develope at the

and common meeting of minds before the
commission of crime as well as an
elementofparticipationinaction.
ii) In common intention , the act must be
theresultofaprearrangedplan.
iii) In common intention , the number of
personsisimmaterial.
iv) Common intention enumerates the
principles of constructive liability ,
withoutcreatinganysubstantiveoffence.
v) The common intention need not be one
ofspecifiedtypeonly.
vi) In a charge U/S 34 of IPC active
participationoftheoffenderisrequired.
spotaftertheassemblygathersanddoes
not require prior concert and common
meeting of minds before the commission
ofcrime.
ii) In common object , no such pre
arrangedplanisrequired.Iftheoffenceis
committed in prosecution of the common
object , every member of such assembly
is liable for the offence though the
offenderdidnotintendtocommititordid
notparticipateinitscommission.
iii) In common object , five or more
persons are required to form the unlawful
assembly.
iv) common object creates a specific
substantiveoffence.
v) Common object must be one of the
seventypesmentionedinsection141.

vi) But in a charge of common object the

liability arises by reason of the
membershipoftheunlawfulassemblyand
there may be no active participation at
allinthecommissionoftheoffence.

*****

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