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AFML-TR-68-115
: 1;':"'~,
'(e;'
1972 PUBLICATION
(with 1971 Supplemen~ IV incorporated)
= =====t:l=================================
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
r4 ~....r--.....
TECHNICAL MONITORING BY
AIR FORCE MATERIALS LABORATORY
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHIO
NOTICES
When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any
purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Government pro-
curement operation, the United states Government thereby incurs no re-
sponsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Govern-
ment may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said
drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implica-
tion or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other per-
son or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture,
use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
PRODUCED BY
'
COOPERATIN G ORGANIZATIO NS
THE HANDBOOK WAS ORIGINATED AND DEVELOPED THROUGH 1967 BY SYRACUSE
UNIVERSITY WITH COOP ERATlON AND CONTRIBUTIVE EFFORT FROM INDIVIDUAL,
CORPORATE, AND GOVERNMENT SOURCES. THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES DATA
CENTER, IN ASSUMING MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CONTINUATION
i. _~ ... .
Allison Division, General Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp. Armco Steel Corporation Boeing Company
Motors Corporation G. N. Aggen (Baltimore, Maryland) E. E. Bauer
D. K. Hanlnk A. G. Cook H. W. Garvin M. A. Dlsotell
P. E. Hamilton R. L. Cook K. L. White C. G. TICCany
R. H. Kaltenhauser R. I. Psyclc
R. A. Lula T. E. Molnar Brush Beryllium Company
T. T. Magel B. King
Alloy Casting Institute J. R. Miller
E. A. SchoeCer J. L. Nock Army Materials and Mechanics Cannon- Muskegon Corporation
Research Center A. Dykema
J. I. Bluhm S. Morykawas
F. R. Larson
Allvac
Aluminum Association Carpenter Steel Company
T. E. Williams, Jr.
P. v. Mara c. Brumbach
D. Enkerud
Babcock and Wilcox Comp.llly
Armco Steel Corporl'.tion n. c. Angell Cleveland Refractory Metals
J. N. Barnett J. W. Spelman
L. F. Logby
Aluminum Company oC America M. Marshall The Bendix Corporation
M. Holt D. c. Perry J. L. Beaton Climax Molybdenum Company
L. w. Mayer D. L. Frlsby J. A. Grodrlan J. z. Briggs
,:
"I
tCI:. Vl~t:.U' Ut~I.Ot:.Mtlt:.l'<
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.E
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: ~, < rv
5:
,u =! : !~ ~ ~ I
:~
"" OObPlt worinj.jlon--centez
""::. Jmperial MP.taliDdustries, Ltd. North American Rockwell Corp. Tlmken Roller Bearing Company
~tepe M:~zii!,l..:lllstitute S"1,_ I Birmingham 6, Eugla.ad
I
0
P. S. Maynard E. S. :Rowland
=
.....
""
.... "" ~ 1j . : F,::~M~al ' \~ T. E. Green C. P. Weigel
'-'! ~ .. "? North American Rockwell Corp.
6ucible&eel= Company-cl---. IDternational Nickel Company, Inc Los Angeles Division Titanium Metals Corporation
America C. C. Clazk C. L. Davis of America
J. A. Bucy R. T. Decker E. F. Erbln
P. Darby R. W. Fawley North American Rockwell Corp. c. w. Field
R. C. Dursteln K. D. Millis Rocketdyne Division W. W. Mlnlder
A. Kasak c. J. Novak J. A. Doe
R. T. Morelli c. E. Witherell Union Carbide Stellite Company
F. F. Heatley Nuclear Metals, IDe. Division of Union Carbide Corp.
International Nickel Company, IDe. s. H. Gelles F. A. Hughes, Jr.
Curtiss-Wright Corporation Huntington Alloy Products Div. S. J. Me Crncken
v. J. Mehra M.P. Buck Oregon Metallurgical Corp. K. F. Tupper
c. Ciancia E. B. Fernsler Y. Ito E. G. Ridoux
P. Ranson
Defense Metals Information Phelps Dodge Copper Product Div. United States Naval Research
Center, Battelle Memorial Jones and Laughlln Steel Corp. J. J. Conlon Laboratocy
lllstitute R. Scrgeson B. J. Solrls T. Crooker
F. J. Barone G. P. Lohman P. Puzak
H. Brown Pmtt and Whitney Aircraft
R. Favor Kaiser Aluminum and Olemlcal Division of UnitE-d Alrcrn!t Corp. United States Steel Corporation
D.P. Moon Corporation J. E. Arnesen J. M. Barsom
J, D. Jackson L. J. Barker G. F1uery D. J. Carney
B. E. Snyder J. Gross
Douglas Aircraft Company, IDe. J. R. Hamilton
Aircraft !Xvislon Kawecki Berylco Industries J. M. Hodge
J. s. Dunning R. J. Gennone D. W. Kinsey
E. W. Filer Reactive Metals, IDe. A. W. MacLaren
Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc. S. Chinowsky 0. Bertea W. J. Murphy
!.Ussile and Space Systems Div. H. D. Kessler S. Novak
z. P. Zapersteln H. M. Lundstrom L. F. Perter
La.dlsh Company L. G. McCoy A. M. Rathbone
Dow Chemical Company C. K. David G. D. Willette A. K. Shoemaker
H. Baker C. A. Furgason W. A. Spltzlg
M. E. Brooks Republic Steel Corporation G. J. Spaeder
K. E. Nelson Latrobe Steel Company R. Ault Universal-Cyclops steel Corp.
R. s. Hodder E. S. Bower R. W. Koffier
E. 1. D.! Pent de Nemours and Co. R. A. Woodall J. E. Fogarty G. A. IJadls
c. M. Cooper B. Glasgal C. P. Mueller
Lockheed- California Company G. W. Hinkle A. Nagy
Electronic Specialty Company V. D. Moss s. J. Matas
D. Stein R. P. Routt D. H. Ruhnke VASCO
G. E. Wnld J. Savas A. Bayer
Fabricated Metals Division
H. K. Porter Company, Inc. Lockheed- Georgia Company Vanadium-Alloys Steel Company
D. F. Blake W. T. Shuler Reynolds Metals Company J. C. Hamaker, Jr.
H. W. stemme W. E. Kelly D. H. Yates
Fansteel, Inc.
A.M. Bayer
A. W. Dana Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. Rolled Alloys, Inc.
M. Schussler R. W. Fcnn R. W. Boring Vanadium Corporation o!
H. C. Slaughter B. McLeod America
Flrth Sterllng,IDc.
T. W. Merrill
W. A. McKeen The Ma.r<iuardt Corpcr tlon Joseph T. Ryerson ann Son, Inc.
M. J. Aibom R. G. Glass Vought Aeronautics
A. E. Hohman
Frontier Bronze Corporation Marshall Space Flight c,mter Southern Research Institute W. H. Sparrow
T. H. Booth w. A. Mraze:.: J. D. Morrlslon W. B. Vorhcs
J. E. Klngsl7ll'Y
Wah Chang Corporation
gpeclal Metals, In<:. W. T. Belous
General Electric Compa;.:; W. B. Au!derhanr c. Forney
w. G. Baxter Martin Metals Company T. W. Cowan
G. E. Best W. P. Danes! Wa!Mct Alloys Company
B. D.Bowen J. Hockin stainless Foundry and Engineering R. J. Dvorak
H. G. Pcpp C. H. Lund Company G. J. Grott
E. w. Ross J. McBroom, Jr. G. D. Haley
G. J. Wlle Mellon Institute
J. A. Molr G. K. Bhat stondard Pressed steel Company Westinghouse Electric Corporation
C. F1oros R. W. Dague
Great Lakes Steel Corporation Mlsco Precision casting Company P. G. DcHuiT
c. L. Aitenburger R. J. Wilcox Sylvania Electric Products J. K. Wo!Ce
A. J. Block E. T. Pcrtco
J. D. Wright NASA, LeWis Research Center Henry Wiggin & Company, Ud.
G. M. Ault Thompson- Ramo- Wooldridge Hereford, England
The John Hopkins Universl ty Tapco Division H. Hodgus --.........
Applied Physics Laboratory Nitralloy Corporation G. L. Hanna P. A. Morgan
w. c. Caywood c. F. F1oe E. A. stelgerwald R. S. Norton
FOREWORD
The contract for continuing assimilation and presentation of data for the Handbook
was awarded to the Mechanical Properties Data Center at Belfour Stulen, Inc., in
September 1966.
The first supplement to the Handbook AFML-TR-68-11 5 was compiled under USAF
Contract No. F33615-67-c-12 54by the Mechanical Properties Data Center, Belfour
Stulen, Inc.
This Handbook is subject to periodic expansion and revision. The editors would be
grateful for comments, suggestions or criticisms from those who utilize the docu-
ment.
~~,~
Chief, Materials Info?m{c_on Branch
Materials Support Division
AF Materials Laboratory
v
ABSTRACT
'\'
~ The "1970 Aerospa ce Structur al Metals Handbook", up-dated with the insertion of
Supplem ent n, now contains physical , chemica l, and mechani cal property infor-
mation on 187 metals and alloys of interest for aerospac e structur al applicati ons.
The present Handbook AFML-T R-68-11 5 consists of three volumes as follows:
Each volume is self-con tained in a loose-le af, standard 3 post binder. Volume I
contains 67 ferrous alloy chapters ,_.Volum l:ucontai ns 61 chapters on heat resist-
ant alloys. Also included are data source referenc es, a general discussi on of
properti es, a glossary of terms, a discussi on of fracture toughnes s and a cross-
index of the alloys containe d herein. New and revised chapters of the annuai
revision supplem ents are distribut ed on a quarterl y basis to assure currency of
content. (
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The informa tion assemb led in this Handbook has been obtaine d primar ily
from metal alloy produc ers' printed and unprint ed data sheets, Air Force
and other Govern ment agency technic al reports and reports isEued by
Informa tion Centers . In addition , data was acquire d from profess ional
society publica tions, aerospa ce compan ies, air-eng ine manufa ctuers and
fabrica tors of compon ents. The sources of data for each alloy are re-
ference d at the end of each alloy chapter .
The editoria l staff is indebte d to the many persons who have contrib uted
to the generat ion of the Handbook. Contributionb to the present edition
are acknowledged on the contrib utors' page. Acknowledgment is also made
to the many individu als and organiz ations that particip ated in generat ing
the first edition of the Handbook entitled "Air Weapons Materia ls Appli-
cation Handbook-Metals and Alloys" , (ARDC -TR-59 -66), and its supple-
ment (AFSC Supplement I to ARDC- TR-59- 66). Their names appear on
the contrib utors' page of the respect ive editions .
vii
CONTENTS
COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS Ui
FOREWORD v
ABSTRACT vi
ACKNOWi..E\tl(;MENTS vii
CONTENTS ix
INTRODUCTION
0. INTRODUCTION
I. GENERAL
2. PHYSICAL . AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
4. FABRICATION
IX
AIIOSPACE 5TIWCI'BAL !!nAL:i IWIUIAUUL
'
\ ....,,_.r_.
DESIGNATION REVISED
CODE
APPENDICES
ABBREVIATIONS A
GLOSSARY OF HEATING AND HEAT TREATING TERMS B
FRACTURE TOUGHNESS C
.CROSS INDEX OF ALLOYS D
INTRODUCTION
The Aerosp ace Structu ral Metals Handbook is publish ed in three volume s. Volume
,
I titled "Ferrou s Alloys" , Volume TI titled "Non-F errous, Light Metal Alloys"
and Volume IIA titled "Non-F errous, Heat Resista nt Alloys" are all constitu ted
with a series of chapter s each dealing with a specific metal or alloy. A unique
code number is assigne d to each metal or alloy so that a group of identica l (or
signific antly similar ) comme rcially designa ted alloys can be referre d to by one
code number . The format is the same for allchap ters. In.addition tothe acknow l-
edgmen t, forewor d, table of content s, and introdu ctory pages the Handbook con-
tains the following:
The Handbook was former ly produce d by Syracus e Univeri sity and is now pre-
pared and updated by the Mechan ical Propert ies Data Center. The Data Center,
operate d by Belfour Stulen, Inc. , Traver se City, Michiga n for the United States
Departm ent of Defense is one of several Informa tion Centers under contrac t with
the Air Force Materia ls Labora tory, Wright -Patter sonAir Force Base, Dayton,
Ohio 45433. Chapter revisio ns and addition s are now release d quarter ly in an
annual supplem ent form by the Mechan ical Propert ies Data Center. Single chapter
copies are distribu ted exclusi vely by Materia ls Engine ering, Reinhold Publish ing
Corpor ation. Holders of Handbooks may determ ine the revisio n status of their
volume s by compar ing them with the latest tables of content s.
Phone 616-947-4500
GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES etc. are not given tmless their addition is particularly
designed to yield special mechanical prooerties.
0.021 in addition to the above system of Identification the common
0. INTRODUCTION ly used systems such as AIS1 and the most widely used
The purpose of this section is to introduce to the reader trade name are Indicated on each page. Additional desig
the systems used in the classUication and identification of nations and trade names are listed In the data sheets under
the alloys listed herein and the organization or data on Commercial Designations (Section 1. 01) and Alternate
these alloys as presented fn this Handbook. The pertinent Designations (Section 1. 02).
facts regarding reliability and significance of these data as 0.022 To further facilitate the location of a particular alloy a
well as the definitions for certain terms and processes are cross-Index is given as Appendix D which provides a
also included in this discussion. cross reference of major designations and trade names.
3
3.033 Impact forms or those of different agencies.
3.034 Bending 1.042 Certain elements normally listed in specifications may
3.035 Torsion and shear include other elements which have a similar effect on the
3.036 Bearing properties but which arc difficult to Isolate. Outstanding
3.037 Stress concentration examples are nickel, which usually includes cobalt, and
3.0371 Notch properties columbium (niobium) which usually includes tantalum. The
3. 0372 Fracture toughness (See Appendix C) practice of separately reporting such elements Is not yet
3.038 Combined properties in general use and is not employed in this handbook.
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.05 Fatigue Properties 1.05 Heat Treatment
3.()6 Elastic ProPE-rties The general meaning of this term as It is used in this hand-
3.0~1 Poisson's ratio book includes both hardening and softening treatments.
3.062 Modulus of elasticity I. 051 A given heat treatment may be designated in several ways.
3.063 Modulus of rigidity In some cases the designation refers to the process and In
others to the result produced by the process, Since a
4. FABRICATION clear understanding of heat treating terms Is important,
4.01 Formability a Glossary of Heating and Heat Treating Terms Is given In
4.02 ~achlning and Grinding Appendix B.
4.03 Welding
4.04 Heat Trcatmant 1.06 Hardness
4.05 Surface Treatn~ent ~ The t,;n;; hardness Is used here as a measure of the ability
cf an alloy to resist indentation or permanent deformation.
In general, hardness is related to alloy strength character-
istics and, therefore, a scale of hardness can be uttl !zed to
describe an alloy's response to strengthening by heat treat
1. GENERAL mcnt and/or cold work. Data on the effect of any given
A brief description of the alloy as well as various informJ parameter on hardness is given ln this section.
tlon of g~neral interest is report~'<! under this heading. 1.061 The depth to which an alloy wtll harden under definite cool-
ing conditions is considered to be as important as the actual
1. 01 Commercial Designatio'! hardness value. The property that determines the depth and
1.011 The preferred commcrl"ial d<signalion rnr an alloy may distribution or hardness Is called "hardcnabtlity." High
come from one of many different sourt.;~~" and they m.'ly he hardenahillty indicates hardening through the section.
altered from time to lime. Generally, the most pertinent Although this term Is normally applied to quenched fcrrltic
name is given. Wh~rcvcr posslhlc, this n~mw b the snmc steels, It appears well suited for general usage. For
us used in other refcrcm.:c puhlico.ttion.., :o,Ul"JJ o.~ .. : the Aero- measuring the hardenability of heat treated Cerritlc steels
space Material Specifications (AMS). In the case of some two methods nrc generally used. Hardcnabillty curves
proprietary alloys, an abbreviation of rhe a<:tual name relate to the hardness distribution along the axis of a
is in common usage. cylinder which has been water quenched on one end face only,
1.012 It should lc nol<.d 1hat tit<. id'-ntlf~llJ.! l:llilt;'i tbtd nwy ht. (c. g. Jomlny end-quench test for steels). More complete
trademark ni.lmcs wllh all tig-hrs thtl' lu rc1nii,L'd h~~ !he Information Is obtained by quenching cylinders of various
~lppropriatc company. Jn th1s co.~ ..;.:, tlw noHn~:~ h.IV\ I:LI:n dbmcterR and determining the resulting hardness variation
used for cross reference und idcurifyiu~ purposl:s 1111ly. ~cross their diameters.
The 1 ~uclcr should he governccll'.y trulicmark rults in his 1.062 The more common method of hardening alloys Is by heat
usage. of such 11anws, ond should contact tht.' npproprintc treatment, nlthough cold work or combinations of cold work
company ownin~ the tradcmnrk: if there he :wy qm:st ion and heat treatment arc also employed.
concerning their usc. 1.063 The response of different alloys to hardening by heat
treatment and/or cold work Is lependcnt upon a number of
1.02 Altcr!!1te De~ignutio'!'! factors such as chemical composition, thermal treatments,
1. 021 The alternat:! deslgroo1tions inchtk proprietary nnmcs and cooling rates (and time delays), microstructure, simul-
other frequently encountered numt.~~. Slnct! it II'> lwpossf .. taneous transformations or aging nnd others.
ble to list ul\ designations, only rhwa which arc fnqucntly
encountered lnlltcrt~turc nnd vul'lous rc:ports mc ust..od. 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
1.022 A complete cross index of all aHoy numcs u~td i~ prt:scntcd Only very condensed information is given regarding the
in Appendix D. availabtllty of an alloy ln its various forms, section sizes
and conditions. Complete availability Information may be
1.03 Specifications obtained from the Producer or Suppiler.
1. 031 The basic specifications used in this handbook arc the
Aeronautical Material Specifications (AMS) of the Society 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
of Automotive Engineers since these arc the most complete Brief statements regarding the melting and casting practices
In regard to new alloys. In addition, Military Specifica- normally employed for the alloy arc included here. Further
tions and, occasionally, Federal Specifications are included. Information may be obtained from the Producer or Supplier.
It is not possible here to refer to all the numerous speci- 1.081 Melting. Melting techniques used by the prodJccrs of the
fications In existence. alloy arc given, when available, to call attention to the
1.032 Producers also frequently supply limited lists of specifi- effect of melting procedures on physical or mechanical
cations on request and these ore reported in certain properties.
instances. 1.082 Casting. Casting techniques and castablllty ratings for
1.033 A cross Index of AMS Specifications included Is available cast alloys arc discussed where they appear to be of
in Appendix D. interest for the selection of an alloy. If available, pertmcnt
miscellaneous information Is added.
1.04 Composition
The chemical compositions reported are primarily those 1.09 Special Cons idcratlons
given in AMS, and are c?m~lemented by those specified by This section of each alloy chapter Includes a few remarks
the producers and other sources whenever it appeared regarding p.trtlcular problems encountered which require
necessary. special consideration.
1.041 The allowab Je variations ln chemical composition of an
alloy arc one of the major stipulations of a spccUlcatlon. 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
However, for any given alloy, the chemistry may differ
slightly In different specifications and considerable over- In reporting physical properties of metals ".od alloys the
lapping may occur either in specifications for different common British units are generally used b; the Armed
4
GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
Forces am industry In this country ard this system is 2. 015 Specific heat. The English units used In this docUIT'.,.nt ue
followed here. Where several such u~:its exist, those Btu per (lb F).
standardized by the American Society of Mechanical 2, 016 Thermal dlffuslvlty Is defined as thennal conductivity
Engineers have been preferred, and their abbreviation s divided by density and heat capacity, where heat capacity
have been u8ed. A Symbol and Technical Abbreviation s is usually taken as the value of specific heat at constant
list Is given In Appendix A. UnfortwLBtely, ~lost reports pressure. The units employed here for thermal dlffuslv lty
of physics! properties do not give the form and condition are it2 /hr.
of the material. This rr. ~y explain part of the: differences
between the published values for certP.l properties. 2. 02 Other Physical Properties
When values of physics! properties are given without Under this heading all properties are assembled except
mentioning the test temperature , the values apply to room thermal, chemical. nuclear and mechanics!,
temperature . In some cases the determinatio n of this 2. 021 Density Is given, as the only exception, In both British
property requires measuremen ts at two or more tempera- units and in metric units, since both are widely used.
tures (e. g. thermal expansion). These temperature s, 2. 022 Electrical resistivity Is another property reported In a
unless otherwise 1ndlcated, are room temperature and large variety of units. The unit used here Is microhm -ln.
212 F, or ia the range from room temperature to 212 F. 2. 023 Magnetic properties. Only limited lnfonnatlon on the
Usually, the difference In values for any one temperature magnetic properties of the various forms and conditions,
In this range Is less than the uncertaiaty of the value Is presented here.
itself. 2. 024 Emissivity. The term emissivity Is reserved for the case
of an opaque material having an optically smooth surface,
2, 01 Thermal Properties and Is defined as the limiting .value of the emittance of the
Thermal properties of metals Include the melting range, body as the surface is made more and more optically smooth.
phase changes, !henna! conductivity , thermal expansion, Thus, for an opaque body the emissivity Is the lowest limit
specific heat, and where available, dlffuslvity and dimen- of Emittance, (5).
sional changes on heat treating. 2. 0241 Emittance is defined as the ratio of the rate of radiant
2, 011 Melting range of many alloys Is not well known and the emission from a body, as a consequence of Its temperature
values given are generally only approximate , The upper only, to the correspondin g rate of emission from a black
value as a rule r<llates to full melting (liquidus) and the body at the same temperature , This ratio cannot exceed
lower value to the beginning of melting (solidus). The 1.0.
actual beginning of melting may be Important, as It deter- 2. 0242 Radiancy Is defined as the rate of radiant energy emission
mines the maximum temperature to which the alloy may from a unit ares CJ! a source In all the radial directions
be heated without damage. However, It Is frequently not of an overspreadin g hemisphere. Some authors report
well known because of the great Influence of small changes radiancy data as emissivity data.
In composition . 2. 0243 The majority of data presented herein are obtained from
2. 012 Phase changes occur In nearly all commercial alloys, various types of emittance measurerr.en ts and are reported
The phase change reported under this heading Is transfor- as hemispheric al, tots!, normal or B;)CCtral emittance as
mation of the matrix, I. e. of the major phase of the alloy, a function of temperature . For further Information on
from one crystal structure Into another. The most common this subject, see Ref. 5.
and significant transformati on Is that of all ferritic steels 2. 025 Damping capacity Is defined as the amount of Internal
and also of mriny so called austenitic steels, from the high friction and dissipation of energy per unit volume of
temperature phase, austenite, to the I ow temperature material for one cycle of stress. It can be determined by
phase, The critical temperature s for the beginning and the cyclic bending or alternating torsion and Is normally
end of the phase change arc designated respectively as A reported in units of inch-lb per cubic inch per cycle. The
and A Because the reaction Is sl ugglsh these tempera-3 area of the stress-strai n hysteresis loop Is a measure of
1
tures may differ on heating and cooling. Ar3 and Arl damping capacity, (6).
refer to transformati ons during cooling and Ac1 and Ac3
refer to transformati ons during heating. On fast cooling
the reaction also may be suppressed and martcnsitic fer- 2. 03 Chemical Properties
rite may fonn at relatively low temperature s, between This section Includes a general discussion of the resistance
M and Mr Also, In stainless steels, martensite may of an alloy to various types of environment s, except those
nJ form during cooling, but may result from plastic encountered In nuclear reactors. The chemicsl properties
deformation . Similar transformati ons occur in other most frequently Investigated and reported are corrosion
alloys, particularly that from the alpha to the beta phase resistance and oxlda tlon resistance.
In titanium alloys. 2. 031 Corrosion resistance. The discussion of corroeion re-
2. 0121 Isothermal transformati on diagrams (also called time- sistance In this Handbook Is by necessity very short and
temperature -transformat ion diagrams, T-T-T diagrams, prlmarUy concerned with phenomena adverse to struc-
or S curves) enable the user to estimate how an alloy tural applications. Among these are: (a) the generBI
will respond to cooling from the austenite (or solution corrosion resistance In certain liquid media at low and
treat) temperature range. Where available these diagrams elevated temperature s; (b) special types of corrosion,
are included in this handbook. such as galvanic and lntergranula r corroe!on; (c) the
2. 013 Thermal conductivity values are reported In the literature deterioration and resulting brittle behavior 1nduced by
In a variety of unit3. The following units are used here, stresses in corrosive environment s. called variously
lku ft per (hr sq ft F). stress corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and stress
2. 014 1hermal expor.a!on is usually reported for the temperature cracking, depending on the resulting effect rather than on
range which excludes dimensional changes associated with any real physical d!Iference; and, (d) hydrogen embrittle-
matrix transformati ons. It is also reported In a variety men! of steels and titanium alloys.
of ways. and the system selected here Is that used most 2, 032 Oxidation resistance. The term oxidation resistance Is
frequently. The mean coefCicient of linear expansion is used here not only for'the effect of oxidizing atmosphere,
given for the range from room temperature to another but also of any other k1nd of gaseous environment at
temperature , and plotted as a function of this latter temper- comparative ly high temperature s and particularly at
ature. To .:>btaln the total expansion from room to a par- service temperature s.
ticular temperature the value at this temperature is mul-
tiplied by the difference between the temperature In ques- 2, 04 Nuclear Prapertles
tion and room temperature. This procedure anawers This general term is used ae a heading for aoy property or
automaticall y the frequently raised question of how the property change which Is significant for the use of the
curve Is used at temperature s below room temperature . particular alloy In nuclear reactor construction . These
The value of expansion In the curves is always posilive, Include: (a) the nuclear cross section, (b) various effects
but the temperature difference Is then negative, and, of irradiation, (c) corrosion phenomena In reactors, and
hence, the total expansion becomes, correctly, negative. (d) lhe application of grades having d!!ferent chemistry,
etc.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ever, several criteria arc useful in this respect, namely
(a) comparison of similar data from different sources,
The properties presented In this chapter Include all (b) the extent of scattering, (c) the volume of datu, and
mechanical properties, Including elastic constants and (d) (In the case of very limited data) a comparison with
tangent and seca:.t moduli. The chapter Is subdivided Into some other property, such as that of compressive to
6 sections. tensile yield strcogth. In this Instance, the expectation
All strength quantities are given In ksl. I. e. thousand is that compressive yield streogth Is equal to or slightly
pounds per square Inch. This is already established higher than tensile yield strength. However, reported
practice In design. except for elastic properties. Mcst values of compressive yield streogth may in some cases
of the data reported apply to the various forms commer- be too high because of friction at the anvil surfaces.
clnlly available nod to standardized processing conditions. Primary Interest In room temperature data relates to a
No attempt has been made to describe the results of ex- number of variables. These variables arc the following:
perimental processes and heat treatments. However, (a) Effects of fahrlcntlng and service conditions.
because preference is given to alloys of current interest These Include exposure to elevated temperature with
and to their elevated temperar.. re performance, many and without load and plastic deformations Inserted
current heat treatments may undergo changes In the near between various steps of heat treating.
future. In addition, the necessity for forming and welding (h) Effects of testing variables. Pnrtlculnrly signifi-
many structural parts has led to special processing con- cant arc the effects of the size of the material from
dltlons and these will probably increase In the future. which tl1c specimens were taken, the dimensions of
Problems of this nature are also discussed to some extent these specimens, and whether these specimens were
under FABRICATION (See Section 4). taken before or after the final heat treatment.
The neL>d for defining the material condition and the testing
3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties conditions Is fully recognized In this document. However,
3.011 Although this document is primarily a source of Information discretion is necessary In reporting these, partly because
and not a design handbook, nn attempt has been made to of space limitations and partly because of the confusion
Include specified properties from certain sources. These which may be caused by reporting details of little or no
sources arc the AMS, the producers' data sheets and significance when considering the end product. Unfor-
occasionally consumers' specUications. In addition, tunately, In the majority of Instances, even some of t11c
many specified properties will be subject to future changes, pertinent processing and testing data are not completely
particularly In regard to the effect of testing temperature. available.
Although some specifications Involve other than room tem- Specimen types and test methods arc omitted If they arc
perature properties, room temperature mechanical conventional. The respective American Society for
properties arc the core of acceptance specifications. Test In!( Material specifications should be consulted in this
These ore of two types, (a) minimum and, occasion:~lly, case.
maximum values fer desl;::n purposes, and (b) limiting The following static room temperature mechanical proper-
values for fr.rmlng purposes. It is beyond the scope, f tics arc presented in tabular or graphical form, and In
this handbook to dcscrthc the test methods u~L-tl to dtlcr- most cases are given as functions of the major parameters
minc thc.sc properties. Mcdmnical propl~rtics :11 clcvall>tl that influence the particular property, (e.g. carbon content
temperatures are spccifitod in a numhlr or imHanccs and in steels, heat treat conditions, etc.).
arc given in this St."Ction. AMS, in p;.11'tiL'ular, rn. .qmmtly 3. 021 Tension. Tensile ultimate strength, tensile yield strength
specifies a special creep rupture test for smnoth and and ductility (elongation and rL-duction of area) ~s measured
notchc..'<.l specimens. Smooth specimens nrc Sl.mctimc::o in a conventional tensile test. Yield strength test data
required to wilhstund a speciflt-d stress and tLmpcrature (F ) nrc bast-d on the 0. 2 percent offset method unless
for n minimum time. If rupture docs not occur within otl\~rwlse Indicated.
this time the test is continut.od until ruptun. occurs either 3. 0211 Stress strain diagrams. Curves of tensile stress versus
maintaining the same slress or increasing 11w s1rcss. tensile strain.
In either case the specimen must exhibit a spcdfit."C.I mini .. 3. 022 Compression. Compressive yield strength as measured
mwn elongation at rupture. In certain cases a comhinntiun by conventional techniques.
notch and smooth specimen is ust.'<l hav 1ng L"qmll notcht'll .3. 0221 Stress strain diagrams. Curves of comprcRsivc srrcs
and smooth areas. Such specimens arc n.qulrc.:d to with- versus compressive strain.
stand a spcclficd stress and tcmpcrutun for a minimum 3. 023 lmp.1ct. Impact energy values as measured by the Charpy
time. If rupture docs not occur within this time the tcs. (notch or keyhole), lzod, tension Impact or drop weight
is contlnuLod either maintaining the same st rcss or increas- (NOT) test.
Ing the stress, according ton specified schL-dulc. Hupturc 3. 024 llcndlng. Maximum hend strcogth In outer fiber as mcn-
Is require>(( to occur In the smooth ;octlon and minimum sun-d In pure hendlng, concentrated load bending or
values of rupture elongation arc specified. cantilever hcndirJt
3.012 Bending properties sometimes specified by AMS arc 3. 025 Torsion and sucar. Well defined standards have not hccn
omittL-d In this document. The procedure now )!encrally established. Included here are torque-twist tests, tear-
established Is different from that used by the AMS and the tests, etc.
resulting values cannot be converted (sec 4. 011 als,). 3. 026 Ilea ring. Bearing strength Is defined as the maximum
bearing load at failure divided by the effective bearing
3.02 Mcchonicnl Properties at Hoom Temperature area. In a pinned or riveted joint, the effective area Is
These properties arc most significant for certain classes the product of the hole diameter and the thickness of t11c
of alloys, used primarily within a temperature range bearing member, (sec Metals Handbook, Vol. I, 8th
where they arc structurally stable and not susceptible to Edition, page 4). Specimen geometry must be considered
creep. In such Instances, most of the data on typical mech- In evaluating bearing test results. 1l1c Important dimen-
anical properties wm be found In this section, with the sions of the test specimen, hole diameter (D) and the
exception of those for fatigue strength and clastic properties distance from the center of t11c hoi" to.> the end of the
which nrc discussed separately. For alloys us<>d predom- spco:imcn (c) nrc usually expressed by the ratio, e/0.
Inantly at elevated temperatures 'the room temperature 3. 027 Stress concentration. The behavior of materials In the
value of any specific property is unly one of a series of presence of stress concentration (localized stress values
values at different temperatures. Therefore, for tl~ese greater than the nominal stress) Is of concern to the
alloys information on typical room temperature properties design engineer, particularly If the usc of high strength
Is Included In the data for various temperatures, sec 3. 03. alloys Is being considered for cxltlcal service applications.
The room temperature data are typical values. They arc The Information required Is usually obtained from tests
presumably representative of material In present commer- designed to measure the loss In load carrying capacity of
cial production. There exists no yardstick to completely a material within a certain area of test conditions. A
evaluate the reliability of reported typical values. How- 1.1rge yarlety of types of tests have been used for this
6
purpose. However, the majority fall into one of two For some applications, the stress required to obtain a
categories; notch tests or fracture toughness tests. certain total strain (composed or the sum of elastic aod
3.0271 Notch properties. These include the results or test on plastic strains) at a particular temperature and time ts
round and flat specimens contain'ing notches or various used. For other applications, only the plastic strain or
dimensions. The specimen geometry, elastic stress "creep" is considered. The strains or Interest range
concentration factor (Kt) and material condition are primarily from 0. 2 to 1 percent,
generally Included with the data presented since these 3.041 Creep rupture strength (also called &tress rupture strength)
factors are known to Influence notch strength. Notch Is simply the applied stress value which causes rupture,
tests are recognized as being particularly important for said stress being a function or the rupture time and tem-
the evaluation of material embrlttlement as may be caused (X! rature. The significance or creep rupture strength Is
by such factors as heat treatment, low temperatures, cold frequently minimized, but a continuous and voluminous
work, etc. stream or such data Is being demanded and supplied for
3.0272 Recently the need for a reliable and reproducible alloys which serve at elevated temperatures. Although
measurement of a materials' resistance to the catastrophic elongation and reduction or area In creep rupture tests
propagation or sharp cracks under stress became apparent. arc significant for service performance, they arc reported
This characteristic can be suitably expressed In terms or only Infrequently. These data, therefore, are not included
fracture toughness, I, e. the stress intensity factor K at in this document.
the onset of rapid crack growth. Often the critical energy 3.042 The creep rupture strength of notched specimens Is used
release rate.-6' has been used In the literature for the same to reveal the presence and magnitude of embrlttlement
purpose. However, for the ~akc of uniformity and since which occurs in many high temperature alloys within a
,6' and K are related by K =EJ'. .the term fracture tough- certain range.> or temperature and time. The life or turbine
ness as used In this handboo'fc atw.fys refers to K values. disks and b.:ckcts In some cases appears to be related
Sections 3. 0272 and 3. 0372 list such fracture toughness more closely to the rupture time of notched specimens,
data wherever available. A more detailed description of than to that of smooth ones. A number or Air Material
the definition of K values, the equations for their determ- Specifications require such tests and the considcrahle
ination, the differt:ntiatlon for plane stress and plane amount of Information available In this respect is Included
in this document.
strain conditions and the selection criteria used for the
data Included arc given in Appendix C.
3.043 The many varinbles considered for creep and creep rup-
3.028 Combined properties. This section is reserved for data ture have led to the use or different methods or graphical
obtained by test methods involving combined load and tabular representation. In this Handbook, stress Is
applications, (c. g. internal pressure In a thin-walled tuhc used as the ordinate and time as the abscissa, usually
plus axial tension). Also included here arc datn on multi with one other variable as parameter, The log-log rep-
pie processes (e.g. tension test subsequent to prestrain resentation is preferred over semi-log coordinates,
In compression). because it allows reading stresses at any level with equal
percentage of accuracy.
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures 3.044 Creep and total strain data, however, arc best reported
in this section only the so called short time properties are in the form of isochronous stress-strain curves. To
discussed. These are obtained by first raising or lowering obtain such a curve, the total strain at a particular
the temperature of the specimen to the desired level, time is plotted as the abscissa with the stress necessary
holding it at this temperature for a certain tinJC, and then to obtain this strain as the ordinate. Time Is then the
testing in much the same manner ob at room temperature. parameter. The creep is obtained by deducting from the
Only deviations from standard methods urc indicated. It total strain the clastic component. This procedure Is
somewhat Indefinite because of the uncertainty regarding
~~~d ~~et~~t~ ~h~:c,~:~~ :::s:~S::,~:~~ ~~::'~!:~~l~e:~se the modulus of elasticity, indicated by the tangent at the
origin of the Isochronous curve.
indicated.
3,031 Tension. The hulk of short time m c<:hanlcal test data is 3.045 A number of attempts have been made to assemble lnfor
ohtalned hy means of tension tests. In J1Cncral, good mation on creep, and particularly on creep rupture strength,
agreement is noted for jara from differc.:nt s .urccs up to a for a given alloy condition in a single master curve.
certain temperature. However, for thc highest tempera- While it is not yet established that the effects of temper-
tures the valucs obtained from convcntional short time ature and time can he thus substituted for each other,
tests frequently vary widely. It appears, that test condi- master curves greatly assist In the first selection of
tions arc generally not sufficiently controlled to yield materials and the planning of more specific tests. Master
curves arc generally plotted on semi-log coordinates,
consistent results at temperatures cxccc<ling the usual
with the stress as the ordinate and the so called "Parame-
range of application. For high temperuturcs, therefore,
more closely controlled tension testing techniques are find- ter," (1. e. a function of temperature and time), as the
abscissa.
Ing increasing application. These arc Indicated in the
3.0451 The most accurate master curves arc the Linear Parame-
respective graphs where available.
ter Curves developed for many alloys by Manson, ct al.
3.0311 Stress strain diagrams, sec 3. 0211.
(1)(2). The abscissa for this system Is a function of tloe
3.032 Compression, see 3. 022,
following !orm:
3, 0321 Stress strain diagrams, see 3, 0221.
3.033 Impact, see 3, 023.
3.034 Bending, see 3. 024. where T is the temperature, F, t Is the time In hr, and
3.035 Torsion and shear, sec 3. 025.
Ta and log ta are constants depending on the material.
3.036 Bearing. sec 3. 026.
3. 0452 Another parameter representation, that of Larson and
3.037 Stress concentration, sec 3. 027.
Miller (3), is also frequently used. It has the advantage
3.0371 Notch properties, see 3. 0271.
that it can be derived from a limited amount or experimen-
3.0372 Fracture toughness, sec 3. 027 2.
tation, but the disadvantage of reduced accuracy. in this
3.038 Combined properties, sec 3. 028. system the abscissa is usually:
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties + 20)
(T + 460) (log t
These properties arc Increasing in importance because
of the continuously increasing service temperatures which
However, in some instances a different value than 20,
aerospace systems must withstand. At such temperatures
such as 25, may be substituted In this equation.
alloys generally deform or creep slowly under lo.1d and
eventually rupture. As a rule, tests are performed with 3.05 Fatigue Properties
temperature and load kept constant and the deformation
These properties depend not only on the metal condition.
measured as a function of time. Frequently, only the
form and test temperature, but also on a number of other
rupture time is observed. For evaluating materials regard
test variables. The most important of these are: (a) the
log their resistance to creep, various criteria are used.
type or l,!)Bding, (b) the limiting stress values, (c) the 3.061 Values for Poisson's ratio, p. , are reported only for room
number or cycles to failure, and (d) the geometry of the temperature. The value may be measured or calculated
test specimen. In addition the frequency of cycling from Eand G.
becomes an important variable at elevated temperatures. 3.062 The modulus of elasticity Is the most Important clastic
3. 051 The basic types of tests used are: (a) rotating beam, constant. It may be determined either from static tests
where a circular specimen rotates under an applied sta- or using vibration (dynamic) techniques. Static values
tionary bending moment, (b) reverse bending, In which the represent the slope of the stress strain curve at the origin.
specimen Is subjected to alternating bending, (c) axial They are difficult to determine at elevated temperatures
load In which the alternating stresses are tension or and are affected by variations in the testing techniques.
compression, parallel to the specimen axis. These tests Dynamic moduli are generally marl! consistent than static
are generally performed with the load fluctuating between values and may be considered to represent the true elas-
two definite llntfls until failure occurs (stress controlled tic constants. In this Handbook static moduli are given
fatigue). The nominal stresses at these lim Its arc cal- only If reasonably consistent.
culated by conventional elastic methods and are called the The static compression modulus, Ec' Is theoretically
maximum stress, F ax and the minimum stress, Fmfn equal to the tensile value, E. However, p.utlcularly In
In recent years, fatlgue tests performed by cycling be- cold rolled materials residual stresses may cause con-
tween two definite strain limits (strain controllL'CI fatigue) siderable differences between these two values.
have gained considerable prominence, particularly In the 3.06~ The above discussed factor.s also apply to the. modulus of
low cycle fatigue range. Such Information is of special rigidity, G. .
importance to the design or pressure vessels for nuclear 3.064 The tangent modulus Is the slope or th.i stress strain
and other applications. The terminology for strain cycling curve at each stress value considered. Reported values
Is analogous to that for stress cycling If the term "strain" arc subject to considerable variations because or the
Is substituted for "stress" In the equations (4). basic difficulty of determining accurately the slope 6f any
3. 0511 In order to define a series of fatigue tests common prac- curve. The tangent modulus may be reported either for
tice uses stress ratio, R, which Is dcscribL'<i by the fol- tension or compression. Preference has been given in
lowing expression: this report to the compressive values which are signifi-
cant In regard to buckling and crlpp!ing of structures.
R = F mi/F max 3.065 Values of the secant modulus, I. e. of the slope of a line
from the origin to the stress value considered, ore re-
3. 0512 An alternative definition of the stress ratio is the function: ported only Infrequently, but are presented here If avail-
able.
A= Falt/F mf
4. FABRICATION
where F alt = I/2(F rna x - F min> is the alternating stress
and Fmf = I/2(Fmax+Fminl is the mean stress. The term "fabrication" is used here comprchenslvciy to
3. 0513 Where only one stress ratio Is invoivL'<i, It is common to mean all of the processes which may normally be employed
report this ratio and the fatigue strenJ,:th in whular form in the manufacture of parts or components from materials
as supplied by commercial producers. The processes
for various cycles to failure.
3. 0514 Where ~cries of data involve more tlwn UlL' srrtss nJt in, include formability (forging, relling, drawing, forming,
use is made prcfcrnhly of a stress ruugc cliagr~m. Each
etc.), material removal (machining, grinding, etc.),
curve in this diagram gives the altc:rmll ing !"ltrts~ as a
joining (welding, brazing, etc.) and the C!>rresponding
function of the mean stress for a given number of cycles post-operational treatments that may be required (heat
to failure. The fatigue strength is derived from this treatment, surface treatment etc.). A limited amount of
informal ion on fabrication Is presented In this Handbook.
curve by means of the relation:
The information presented is intended to convey, first,
n picture of the rclativ~ fabrlcobil lty or the alloy, and
F = F + F
max mf all second, to pinpoint areas In which material proper-
tics may he advcrdy affected by fabrication techniques.
3.052 At elevated temperatures, creep phcno111cna are super-
imposed on fatigue. If the tempera! urc is very hit.:h 4.01 Formability
and the mean stress is also high, creep rupture ~athtr This section assembles for wrought alloys some pertinent
than fatigue becomes the dominant factor. Under such information on their formability. The term "formablllty,"
conditions, the time to fnllurc, rnthcr than the numbers of as used here, Is an indication of a material's ability to be
cycles, Is frequently reported. In .Jrlcr to utilize data permanently deformed from a given shape to a different
of this type to Its full extent the frequency of the loading shape hy means of the practices presently empioyoo (e. g.
should be reported. If stress range diagrams are used to forging, rolling, drawing, forming, dimpling, etc.). The
present such information, creep data ohtaincodurlng temperature ranges Involved, the mechanical power
the fatigue tests may also be included. A number of stress required and the resulting material properties are ali'
range diagrams for elevated temperatures have been made Important factors to be considered In the evaluation or
available to this handbook hy the Design Criteria Unit of formability.
the General Electric Co. These are base-d on rotating 4. 011 General Information or. formability relates primarily to
beam tests for F f = 0 and direct stress t~sts for F mf>O. the forming of sheet, strip and plate In various conditions.
1
In order to opply 't'Jtis data to the service performance, Where available, more spcclfic'instructlons for the
the values obtained from direct stress tests have been forming rf the different conditions have been added.
increased hy a factor of 1. IS. Bending properties arc reported In terms of the bend
3.053 Additional significant variables nrc geometry of the speci- factor, which is the ratio of minimum bend radius to
men and Its surface condition. 11tc tP.sts reported common- thickness.
ly relate to two types of specimens, rtoe smocth specimen 4.012 Forging temperatures are reported as the maximum start-
with the: surface carefully polished In tne direction paral- Ing temperature and the minimum finishing temperature,
lel to the axis, and the notched specimen. Notched spe- and apply to closed die forgings or blacksmith forgt.ngs In
cimens usually have a circular cross section provided the weight range or S to about 1000 pounds. Forging
with a circumferential groove. 11tc fatigue strength of tenolJ<'ratures for small parts, such as turbine hlades or
such specimens depends on the stress conceutratlon buckets, are approximately the same. However, for these
factor, Kt for this notch. forgings, a great deal of care must be exercised to avoid
critical strains which will Induce groin growth on reheating
3.06 Elastic Properties for a subsequent operation or durl.>g heat. treating. Control
Under this heading not only the classical elastic constants of grain size Is usually obtained by doing only a limited
but also the tangent modulus and secant modulus arc re- amount of forging after each heating operation. Forging
ported. temperatures and the amount of mechanical work per-
8
GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ALLOYS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
4.03 Welding
The Information on welding Gssembled in this Handbook
serves primarily to call attention to areas where the
mechanical or physical properties are affected. Weld-
ability of an alloy Is an Important factor for Its selection
and has been discussed where Information Is available.
4. 04 Heat Treatment
This section complements 1. OS and assembles specific
details of the techniques which should be followed by
fabricators and users of the alloy.
4. OS Surface Treating
From this large topic, only a few items, which appear
to be of particular interest In connection with the general
purpose of the Handbook have been included.
REFERENCES
AMS 5605:\
Sulfur
Phosphorus
- 0.015 l. 072 1\il wrought forms arc available in the solution treated
- o. 010 condition.
Sulfur - 0,010 1.07:~ Vacuum rncltcd imcHtmcnt castinJ!;s :1rc also avaJiablc.
G;E 1601
FERROUS AU..OYS REVISED MARCH 1968
1.3 Mo
1.083 Effect of titanium content and melting practice on
creep rupture time of smooth and notched bar at 1200F Form
--- ~--
Sheet, St rlr Bnr, Forging Bar. Forging
Figure 1.083. ' Plate Tubing 'uuing
0.3 v AMS ll (31)(41) 14113~ 42\143
1.09 Special Consideration
ST Aged ST Aged Ann ST
A-286 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Condition
+Age + J\gC
TABLE 2. oz:n
:;o!lree I IRl
Alloy l Fc-25Ni-t5Cr-:!T i-1.!il\1n-I. :n.to-o.av :t.Ol2
:1.0121
t\dditional 1\i\TS specifications.
At\lS 5fi25B. Hupturc time nt 1200 F i a for an axial
strcHs of GZ.5 ksi to be the minimums sh0\\1l in
Condition U (rt 200 Table :1.0121.
oersteds
r.nnl=' 1~()1
FeNC
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
3.02 l\lcchunical Propc11.tc.s at Hoom Temperature !I.IH !:-CC!J and ~~l_{.t!J.!~Urc Jlropcrties
3.021 Tension. :l.OH CICCJli1.1(JlUt'C properties
:LO:Hl Stress-strain diagrams. !I.IJ.III CJ'ct~p ruptu1'c curvt~~: for bar at noo to tnuo F,
3. 0212 Effect or amount of cold work and temperature ol Fi~UJ'C :J. l).J J 1.
aging on room temperature tensile Jll'Opcrtics of .sheet. :l.llH~ Producc1's I"CIH'c.scntation nf typical strcss-ruptlll"t!
Flb'Urc :1.0212. cuncs lur 100 anti iliOO hour life for bar anti for~:in~:s.
3.02!! Compression Fi~urc !1. OH~.
3. 0221 Stress-strain diagraam;. :l.llll!l !\1:tslct curves for creep and creep rupture of air
3.023 Impact. and \'acuum melted ha1' and forgings. Figure !'.Oll!l.
3.021 llcmllng. :I.IJ.Il-1 Effect of :;ulullun treat temperature and stress
3.025 Torsion :md shear. concentration on creep rupture stren~th of bar at 1200 F,
3.026 Bearing. Fi~utc a.o.Jto~.
3. 027 Stress concentration. :J.OII[I The creep 1-upturc time for sharply notched bar
3.0271 Notch pro,,crlics SJIL'Cinwns at 1200 F with 1 JO ksi load hns heen found
to be ne:uly three times as hiAh for the test spt.'Cim!!ns
3.02711 Effect of amount of cold work ami temperature uf ground after a~ing- as ror spt.-cimcns prepared IJy other
aging on room tcmpctatu rc notch strcn~th and notch finishing (li'OCL'(IUI'CS.
strength ratio of sheet. Fl~rc a.u~711. a.tH1G o\vcra~cMLIess-rupturc life (Llsted al 57 ksi. 1200 F
3. 0272 Fracture Loug:hncss. lcmpcratu re) not si;.,rnificantly decreased due to hydro~Ln
3.028 Combined properties. en vi ronmcnt (IS).
!I.IJ.I~ C rccp deformation.
3,03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures !1.01~1 Sho1t time tol.al strain curves for Hhcet at 1200 to
3.0:11 Tension. 1700 F, Fi~:ure :1.012!.
3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams. Creep CUI'\'CS al 1:150, 1500 ami 1700 F, ror bar.
3. 0!1111 Stress-strain curves for sheet at room and elevated Fihrure a.0-1:!2.
temperatures, Figure 3.0:1111. Producers representation of creep design Clli"Ves for
3. 03112 Stress-strain curves to failure for sheet at room and bar antllogings, Fi~ure :.I.UI~a.
elevated temperatures. Figure :1.0:1112. Effl-cl of l~lcvatcd temperature exposure and total
:1.0312 gffect of lest temperature on tensile properties of strain on tensile properties of har, Table 3. 01~1.
alloy, Fib'tlrc 3.0312
3.0313 Effect of test temperature and molting: practice on tensile
properties of sheet nnd bar, Fih'Ure 3.031:1.
3. 0314 Effect of e.xposurc and tcsl temperature on tensile TABLE !1.0121
proi>Ct1.ies of sheet, Flgurc :l.03J.I,
3.0315 Effect of elevated tcmpf!rntu re on tensile propcrllcs
of sheet ln two colt! worked and UJ.'Cd coru.litiom: with
Sout'Cc 1?01
prior exposure to strc::~s nnd tcmr.craturc.
Alloy Fe-25Nl-15C r-2TI-l. 5Mn-l. 3Mo-O. :IV
Figure 3.0315.
3.0316 ECft."Ct of exposure tlmo and temperature on tensile Form 7 /sIn liar Sto.:k
properties of bar, l'ih'tlre 3. O!l!G, Condition I ROOF 1 llr 00 + l:l25F Ir. llrM .\C
3.032 Compression. Exposure 100 llr. ksi 1000 llr, ksl
3. 0321 Stress-strain diagrams. Total Strain
a. 03211 Stress -strain cu rvcs in compression for sheet at 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0
room anti elevated temperatures. Fib'tlre :1.0:1211. -r,~ .. - ' Percent Percent Percent percent
1000 82 92 78 85
3.0322 Effect of exposure anti tcsl temperature on 1100 76 80 68 70
compressive yield slrenb'th of sheet and bar, 1200 53 60 35 41
Flh'Ure 3.0322. 1300 30 35.5 - -
3.033 Impact.
3. 0331 Effect of lest temperature on impact strength of lur,
Figure 3. 03:ll.
t't.I'CI'CUUS ALLUY~ REVISED MARCH 1968
.
':.. .__
4. FABRICATION
c(ZIN) b-.a
treated condition, since It Is gummy like nil soft 0.. zo
austenitic steels. It can be :nachlncd either in the 1600 1700 1800 1900 zooo 2100
fully heat treated condition or In a condition which is SOLUTION TEMP- F
partly aged at 1325 F, 1 hour, or averaged at 1500 F,
several hours, to a hardness of about 210 BIIN. FIG. 1.0511 EFFECT OF SOLUTION TEMPERATURE ON
Material cold worked after solution treating niRo TENSILE PROPERTIES OF AGED BAR
exhibits good machining characteristics. (5, p. 9)
CODE 1601
FeNC
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe
25 Ni
Ul
E-< 15 Cr
z 400
:::> 2 Ti
5 Mn
:.: 1.5
0 300
1.3 Mo
:I:
ll.
0 0.3 v
A-286
!ZOO 2000
AGING TEMP - F
FIG. I. 0532 EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING AND SUBSEQUENT
AGING ON HARDNESS OF SHEET (6)
200 r--------.----~F~c--~2~5~N-i-~I~S~C-r--~2T=-i-~l-.~SM~n--~1.~3~M-o--~0~.~3~V,
,, . ~
a..
0 60 ~-------r--------~--~~-r~~----~-------i
"'"'zw
40
IIOT IIAHDNESS
0
~ L_
-<: 20 T =TEMP-I'
:r
J
I= INDENTATION TIME-llll
10
IB 22 26 30 34 38
(T > 4&0) (20 t LOG!)
<
..<
..<
w
:<:
==
60
. UNSIIOCKED
SHOCKING PHESSUHE
u
0
c>: 157 KILODAHS
ui 270 Kll..OllAHS
Ul
w 55
z
0
c>:
<
:I:
so
45 L-----------~----~----------~----~------------~--~
0.1 I. 0 10 100
AGING TIME, HOURS
FIG. I. 0622 AGING RESPONSE OF SOLUTION-TREATED PLATE UNSHOCKED,
AND SHOCKED IN 157 KILOBAR, AND 270 KILOBAR CONDITIONS.
(I 2)
FeNC
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
RUPTU1!r> AT G5 KSI
TEST T~:M I' 12001'
10~----~----~------~----~
!.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2
TITANIUM CONTENT-PERCENT
/
i: ---(8) 4H -
l (-o
'~)'
t
"'a .,
~-~
---(9)
"'
i
tO:
~
.
!!:
0:
t.l
0.
(-o
10
/;
/
v
/ '
TIIERMAL
"'::0
(-o
10
8
/
/ CONDUCTIVITY
~: J.ECTHJCAL JIES1STJVJTI'
Fe-25Ni-15Cr-2Ti-l. SMn- ~
280
1. 3Mo-O. 3V 0. 025 IN SHEET '
200
r-~F~e--~2~5N~i-~l~5~C~r--~2T~i-~l-.~5~Mn~-~l-.~3M~a--~0-.3~V---,
Fe
ST + CR
+AGE AS INDICATED ~ 0. 025 IN SHEET 25 Ni
~ H+~+~E
t.l 15 Cr
240 ~ 160~----~------~------~~~-+------4
"'
:t
2 Ti
u L
f-o 0 1.5 Mn
0 ~
~ 2'.0 z 120
1.3 Mo
0.3 v
A-286
120
0.4
NOTCII STRENGTH RATIO
0.2
oL....---"'----.J---~-.....___ _ .1
0 20 40 60 80 l 00
COLD ROLL - PERCENT
'"
P.
0
20 40 60 80 100
COLD WORK-PERCENT
BO
60
~
112 TO rooo rm
~
r;XPOSUHE
2
TENSION
STRAIN - IN PER IN
~~
IOOOFJ 800F
1.5 Mn -
~
1.3 -;7 -..;_100F
80 80
0.3 IZOOF
TETION
A-286 40
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 o.zo O.Z5 0.30 AIRMELT ',\
STRAIN - IN PER IN --- SHEET, ST 1800F, 1 IIH, AC\1
- - BAH, ST 1650F, 1 IIR, OQ \
FIG. 3. 0311Z STRESS-STRAIN CURVES TO FAILURE FOR SHEET 40 VACUUM (CONS ELECTHODE) \
AT ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES - OAR, FOHGINGS
(13,p. 60,61) ST !&SOF, 1 IIH, WQ
I~
TIES OF SHEET AND BAR
(II, p. 309, 311, 3ZZ, 3Z3, 370, 371, RI)
zoo b I 160
~ ,~ I
160 ~ 1ZO ~
u~
.
IZO ~ 80"'
...::>
~
~~
- ~\
FTY
...>- 0 JA..--
"' 80
40
[;), (Z3)
.A.SIIEET }(15)
0FORGING
7/8 INDIA BAR (1800, I lffi
~1:1"'!
\., ~ 40
120
OQ + 1325F, 16 IIR, AC) (8) ~
...
80 t } 120
15
RA ,....7
\)
c.:
[,l 40
I,...
1-
0 T
~ ~
ll.
<(
'-'..i ~
c.:
0 I 40
I~ h _) "
e(Z IN) -~
Ll(Y(
~ 0
-400 0 400 800 !ZOO 1600 zooo
TEMP- F
CODE 1601
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
I60
Fc-ZSNi-ISCr-ZTi-I. SMn-I. 3Mo-O. 3V
zo 0
SHEET Fe- ZSNi-ISCr-ZTi-1. S.Mn-1. 3Mo-O. 3V Fe
3/4 IN BAR
I800F, I HR, OQ + 13ZS, 16 HR, AC 25 Ni
I40
-- 15 Cr
~ "'
' IS 0 -
:::>
f:o<
... ..- - -- __ , - .
.... 2 Ti
~
IZO -- -.II
="'.,__.__ ..
1.5 Mn
1000 HH
} EXPOSURE
10 0
------A ~--
FTU
--~
I 50
1.3 Mo
IOO
0.3 v
FTY ~
....__ --- 100.
A-286
~ 40
~0::
~
ll.
80
0
--~----~----il---~~---~~-0
c(Z IN)
-
TEMP OF
--.
-
600F
-
-;TY
TEST+ EX!'.
"".:>-<:"--
...
--~
rt
....
"'
;..
f:o<
50
zoo
---
0 400 600 800 IOOO !ZOO -----. 800F
TEMP- F
---. !OOOF
IIOOF <
0
FIG. 3. 03I4 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE -----A IZOOF
/
)
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET
/
(13, p.70-74) /
E-< /
zw .A. _,. /
Q
6i..._ i- ---
.._ - - CH 30 PERCENT+
CR SO PERCENT+ llOOF,
1300F, Fe- 5Ni-15Cr-2Ti-1.5Mn-0.3Mo .3V
IZO Z40 0. 062 IN SHEET
1800, IIIR, ARGON, OQ i 13Z5F, !b IIH
- zoo .
~
;..
E-<
I~~~=r=-
T L
0
..--~~===F::::::1~==-l:---l
NO PRIOR EXPOSURE
!60
""'
IS
f:o<
z
~
10
l)
0:: s
~
ll.
0 COMI'HF.ES!ON
-ZOO 0 zoo 400 600 800 1000
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03IS EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET IN STRAIN IN PER IN
TWO COLD WORKED AND AGED
CONDITIONS WITH PRIOR EXPOSURE TO FIG. 3. 03211 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR
STRESS AND TEMPERATURE SHEET AT Rd"OM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(33,p.I36) (13, p. 62)
'"'"'
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARC H 1968
32 or-----~~F~c--~2~5~tl~i-~1~5~G~r--~2~T~i--~1.~5~M
7n--~~~.~37
M~o--~0~.7
Fc-25Ni-15Gr- ZTi -I. 5Mn-l. 3Mo- 0. 3V 3~V---,
Fe IZU
{ OAHGON }
0. 062 IN SHEET
1800F, 1 IIR + ATM 0() + 13~5F.
1800F, I HR, OQ f 1325F, 16 HR
1611H
25 Ni 6Am
15 Cr 100 ... I ~
(
Ti
"i---...J __
2 ~
~ EXPOSURE AT TEST TEMP. j~-
Z40
1.5 Mn -4~
80 r- 1/~ 111\ 1000 Ill\ ~ iljl
1.3 Mo 0 0. Of>2 SIIEET (l:ll
6 :1/4 IN D!A BAH (2~)
0.3 v 60
0 zoo 400 600 800 1000 !ZOO
A-286 TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.1J3Z2 F:FFEGT OF I:XPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE
ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTII OF SHEET
AND BAR
(13, p. 77, 78)(ZH, p. Z05) IzoL-----~------~----~------~----~----~
0 zoo 400 600 800 1000 !ZOO
TEMPERATUI\E- F
8 0 ..--------,,:-_c--~27
5 N:-::-i_-:-175 G-::-r--=2:-::1"'i--
~J.-:5""M:-n----------.
1.3Mo-0.3V 7/8 IN BAR
60
zo ~----~------~----~----~-------"
-400 0 400 HOO !ZOO IWO
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0331 r:FFF:CT OF TEST TF:MPEHATUHE OK
IMPACT STRENGTII OF 1\AH
(5. p. 9. IZ)(H, p. 7)(20)
J20
Fe-ZSNi-LTI-1 . .!Mo-0. 3V
PLATE
I& IIR
ZHO
IZO
Fe- Z5Ni -15Cr ZTi -4. 5Mn -I . .!Mo- 0. 3 V <'ill
100
IHOOJ-', I Ill\
{ 0 AHGON
ATM
6All\
}
O<J -t l:l25F, If> Ill\
zzo -
0.... .... Ui
:,::
.....
....
~ 80
'
-- JHn
"1~ ~ !?-~
r:XPCJSIJI\E AT TEST TEMP
1/2 Ill! 1000 Ill\
60
~- ......."~
0 .187 J>I,ATI' (13)
6 :1/4 IN IliA llAI\ (28)
FIG. 3.0151 EFFECT OF J-:XPOSURF: AND TEST Tr:MPER,\I"UI\E FIC. 3.0.!62 EFF!o:GT OF TEST TEMPERATURr; ON IIEAIUNG
ON SIIEAR STRENGTII OF PLATE AND 1\AR. STRENQT!l OF PLATE
(13. p. 79,80)(28. p. ZIZ) (ZR, p.218,2ZZ,Z24)
r.nnl' 1~()1
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
FeNC
260 ~----~F-e---25_N_i--l-5-C-r--2~T-i-~l-.5=Mn~-~~~.3~M7o--7
Fe-25Ni-15Cr-2Ti- l. SMn-1. 3Mo-O. 3V 0.~3~V~-,
0.025 IN SHEET, SHARP NOTCH 0.125 INDIA BAR Fe
ST + 30 PERCENT CR + 1300F, 16 HR 1650F, I HR, AC + 1325F, !6 HR, AC
+ 12.00F, !6 HR, AC 25 Ni
15 Cr
"60~ 2 Ti
~ 1.5 Mn
120
~~0.00071N 1.3 Mo
0
L T
NO PRIOR EXPOJRE
0.3 v
0 EXPOSED 650F 40 KSI, 1000 HR
SMOOTH, FTU
6 EXPOSED lOOOF
1ooL-----~-----L----~------~----~----~ A-286
0 zoo 400 600 800 1000 12.00
TEMPERATURE- F
~
' z.oo
..z
:r
t:J
Fe-ZSNi-ISCr-Z.Ti- 1. SMn-1. 3Mo-O. JV
0. 02.5 IN SHEET
ST + 80 PERCENT CR + UOOF, 16 llr
..
1<1 160
a:
Ill
!SO ~-F-e--~2~6~N-i-~1~5~C~r--~ZT~i-~l-.~25~M~o--~.2~5~A~I-------;
0. 040 IN SHEET 0. 52 to
:r ST 1800F, I HR, OQ
..z
0. 55
u t !325F, 16HR, AC ~
IZ.O 160
0
~
:Jzl/4[
CENTER CRACK
SPECIMEN
80
Ill
Ill
.
1<1
a:
40
YIELD STRENGTH
ULTIMATE STRENGTH
Ill
0 zoo 400 600 800 CRACK STRENGTH
TEMP.- F 0
0 400 800 1200 1600 z.ooo
FIG. 3. 03712. EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND
TEMPERATURE -F
PRIOR EXPOSURE TO STRESS AND
TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH STRENGTH
AND NOTCH STRENGTH RATIO OF SHEET FIG. 3. 037ZI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
COLD ROLLED 80 PERCENT AND AGEL) STRENGTH AND CRACK STRENGTH OF
AT llOOF AGED SHEET
(33, p. 136)
(27)
.. ~'""'"''M~ti\;H 196
8
zoo
Fe Fc- 25N i-!5 Cr-2 Ti-l .
5Mn l. 3Mo -O. 3V
25 Ni BAR , FOR GIN GS
16SO F, 2 HRS , OQ
15 Cr 100
AC
80
2 Ti
1.5 Mn 60
1.3 Mo
~
40
0.3 v RUP TUR E
A-2 86 1500 F 20
20 CONSUMABLE
RUP TUR E ELE CTH ODE
(14) VACUUJ\1 MEL T
.(5 )
tl0( 16) - - - Affi MEL T
JOL-------~----
30 --~------~-----
10 34 38 42 -~
46
(T t 460) {20 t LOG t)
8 x I o- 3
I 10 100 FIG . 3.04 13
1000 10,0 00 MAS TER CUR VES FOR
CRE EP AND CRE EP
TIM E- HR RUP TUR E OF AIR AND
VAC UUM MEL TED
FIG . 3. 0411 CRE EP RUP TUR E CUR BAR AND FOR GIN GS
VES FOR BAR AT
600 TO 1500 F
(ll)
(5, p.l3 , Fig. l, 3){1
4, P. 33)( 1b)
~
60
ST 1650 F
40 D r- K
e 0. 350 to 0.10 0
0 0. 600 0.42 4 0.08 1
Fc-2 5Ni -15C r-2T i1. ... 0.46 0 1.8
5Mn - 0.32 5 0.01 7
tl 0. 500 3.0
0.35 0 0.00 9 4. 1
100
iii
:.: 80
60
40
100
80
60
n:sT n:M P
0~--~----~----
1000 1200 ~----~----~ 1200 F
1400 ST 2225 F
40L-------~-
TEM P- F -----~------
I --L-------J
10 I 00 1000 10,0 00
FIG . 3.04 12 PRO DUC ER'S REP RES
ENT ATI ON OF TIM E- HR
TYP ICA L STR ESS -RU
PTU RE CUR VES
FOR 100 AND 1000 HOU FIG . 3.04 14 EFF ECT OF SOL UTI ON
R UFE FOR TRE AT TEM PER ATU
BAR AND FOR GIN G AND STR ESS CON CEN RE
TRA TIO N ON CRE EP
(35, p.l Z) RUP TUR E STR ENG TH
OF BAR AT 1200 F
(14, p. 33)
CODE 1601
PAGE 12
FeNC
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
8
2 PERCENT}
6
0 3 PERCENT
A 5 PERCENT
6 7 PERCENT 1.56
PERCENT
4L-----~----~L-----~----~
0.001 0.01 0. 1 10
TIME- HR
1700F
0.4
o.z
!-o
z
w 0
u
0:
w 1500 F
ll.
0.4
z'
:;:
0:
!-o
rn o.z
u
1::
~
...:! 0
ll.
1350 F
0.4
o.z
TIME MINUTES
FIG. 3.042.2 CREEP CURVES AT 1350, 1500 AND 1700F FOR BAR
(36, p. A-5-10)
FeNC
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
\ ....
!=: 1.0
<
z 3.4
a:
...Iii
~
< 40
8
"
<
zo
A= 0. 0
0 0 zo 40 . 60 . 80 100 IZO 140
MEAN STRESS -F - KSI
MF
FIG. 3. 051 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAM FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCHED
SPECIMENS AT BOOF AND 1000F
(Z4)
~ -
1650F, Z HR, OQ
40 + 1300F, 16 HR, AC
zo ~v..'
~
10
8
"K.;;, \. ~
\..
6 '
4
0
~ ',
\, ~-\.
P LASTJC STRAIN
--- 0.5 PERCENT
z -- 0,2 PERCENT
0 \ \
\.
1350F T =TEMP- F
D. 1500F
I .\.,
0 1700F
I \. -\
0.8
0.6
34 36 38 40 4Z 44
P = (T + 460)(ZO +LOGt) x 1o-3
FIG. 3.04ZS TIME- TEMPERATURE PARAMETER PLOT FOR
0. Z AND 0. 5 PERCENT PLASTIC STRAIN FOR BAR
(36, p. A - 5-1Z)
FeNC
REVISED MARCH 1968 FERROUS ALLOYS
12 ~F~e~-~2~5N~i~-~~~5C~r~-~Z~T~i--lr.~5~Mn~-~l-.3~M~o--~
Fe-25Ni-l5Cr-2Ti-l. 5Mn-l. 3Mo-O. 3V
80 BAR STOCK
0. 062 Typ O.
0.3V Fe
J650F, 2 HRS, 0~ + 1325F, 16 HRS AC 250
8 25 Ni
60
<
II
,0~
1~tT
O.OJOR-z 1/4 R
0
0
15
2
Cr
Ti
0
~
~ 8
I DYNAMIC (5) 1.5 Mn
40 ---(10)
1.3 Mo
6~----._----~----~--~
~ 0 400 800 1200 1600 0.3 v
~ 20 TEMP- F
< A-286
~ FIG. 3.063 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM
Ill AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
l3a: 0 (5, p. 7)(10)
E-o 80
Ill
0
~
<
z 60
a:
1-l
E-o
..l
< 40
FIG. 3.052 STRESS RANGE DIJ 1.GRAM FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCHED
SPECIMENS AT IIOOF AND IZSOF
(24)
Fe-25Ni-15Cr-2Ti-L 5Mn
100
I. 3Mo-O. 3V
36 r-F-e---Z5_N_i...;-1_5_C_r_-Z-T-i--l-.-5M-n--l-.-3M-o--0-.-3V---.
0, 062 IN SHEET
1800F, IHR, OQ
DYNAMIC (5)(8)(20) +13Z5F, 16HR
STATIC (13) 80
32-
60
0
~
0
0 1/2 TO 1000 HR
40
24 EXPOSURE
(8)(5)(20) 6\lOF
.... (13) !OOOF
20
zo -~-(10)
BOOF
COMPRESSION lZOOF
16~----L-----~--~--~----~
0
0 8 16 24 32
-400 0 400 800 !ZOO !600 !000 KSl
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 064 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN
FIG. 3. 062 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT LOW COMPRESSION FOR SHEET AT
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERA-
(5, p. 7)(8, p. 5 )(1 0, p. 43 -R2)
TURES. (13, P 67)
(13, p. 7Z-"t4)(ZO)
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1968
,_
100
Fc-25Ni-15Cr-2.Ti- 1. SMn-1. 3Mo- Fe-25Ni-15Cr-2.Ti- l. 5Mn-l. 3Mo-O. 3V
Fe O. 3V 48 1-~==:ii'I-..;;B;::RA:'-'-'=ZED (WITH COAST 1700-Co-Ni), 1900F, 5 MIN
3/4 DIA. BAR
25 Ni
1800 F, I HR. OQ. +
15 Cr 132.5 F, 16 HRS.
IOOOHR. EXPOSURE 40~~~~-T~-4~----~~~-+------r-----,______,
2 Ti
60
1.5 Mn
1.3 Mo ....
0.3 v !2 40
A-286
2.0
0
8 16 32 40
1000' KS:
(28 pg. 150) FIG. 4. 036 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON ULTIMATE TENSILE
STRENGTH OF JOINTS BRAZED WITH COASTMETAL 1700-Co, Ni
(29, p.24)
140
~--........,~- -
-~--~
~t---==:
~"'"'
<:::
~ 12.0
r---..: t?:::
t--==:: ~
F
~'
f:t~, ~
~ "\
.__ N)~
1--
100
- F
---
~~
TY
80
-----
0
PARENT METAL
0. 2.50 IN SHEET }
HASTELLOY W FILLER
0. I 2.5 IN SHEET 0.06~ DIA
C::.
0. 250 IN SHEET }
0. I 2.5 IN SHEET
INCONEL X FILLER
0.062 DIA
1/16
-j O.lf
L_~
j-1116
1t2so 1
30 0 '
E-< -- 1 - - - 1----
--- --
i5
u
~
P.
20
,!'!..,
160
Fe-Z5N i-15Cr -ZTi-l. 5Mn-1. 3Mo-O. 3V 14. Voorhe es, H.R. and Freema n, J. W., "Notch
0. 060 IN SHEET Sensitiv ity of Alrcmf t Structu ral and Engine Alloys"
.
-~BRAZE+ l800F, 1 HR
Part D. " Further Studies with A-286 Alloy",
Part I, Fe
WADC TR 57-58 (Januar y 1959)
140 + 1300F, 16 HR
15. ASTM STP No. 160 pg. 69-77 (August 1954) 25 Ni
PAREN T METAL~TU 16. Sessler , J.G .. and Brown, W.F. Jr. Proc ASTM,
15 Cr
Vol. 56, pg. 738 (1956)
~
(January 22, 1959).
21. Brown, H. "Meln!l urglcal Charac teristic s of A-280
40
FTY
'" 22.
Alloy" DMIC Memo 59, (July 1960).
The Carpen ter Steel Corp. , "Carpen ter lllgh
zo
PAREN T _j
\ 23. Genom! Dynami cs, "Compl lal!dn of Materia ls
Researc h Dnta", Second Quarter Progres s Report
Phase I, Contrac t AF33(616)-7981, Task No.
-
v
40 73812
I 24,
(Septem ber 1961)
Blatherw ick, A.A., Cera A. "Fatigu e, Creep
'uz"'
Iii BRAZ~n_y Stress-R upture propert ies of Nicrotu ng, Super
and lneonel 718", AFl\IL- TR-65-4 47, Septem ber
and
A-286,
e>: zo 1965.
Iii
11. -- --- ~ARE
--+~
25.
26.
Bell Acrosys tcms Co "Phase II Cryogen ic Propert
of 2014 TG and A-286" , Hcv. A. (June 29, 1962).
Armco Steel Corporation, Technic al Data Sheet,
ies
0
INTillC~SS A-286" SAl-No vember 1966.
"Armco
..-
~:
FeNC
REVISED= MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Source
TABLE I 04
gr pcrcu =rr
0.300
8.3 I0.298
8.2
.,~ 12l13ll4llol17 M~ j\18 Carpenter (17) .A<~Loghenil.:Udlum (It>)
P\!rccnt P~rccnt P.:r;t.llt Percent
Min Max Min Ma Min Max Nominal
Carbon
Manganese
0.03 (c)
I. 00
0.16 (c) - 0. 20 (u) OR .lh 0.15
2.00 J.U 2.0 1.11.1 L.UU 1.50
Silicon - I. 00 - 1.0 - 1.00 n:ax 0.50
Phosphorus -- O.OtO (a) -- O.Ul - .04 max --
S"lfur
Chromium 20.00
n.o3o
22.50 20.0
0.0.1
2l ..'i
- ,03 max
2-t. 11 2 ~- 5 21.0
Nlol.el 19.00 2!.0\J 19.0 21.0 1~.0 21.0 20.0
Cobolr 18.50 21.00 18.5 21.0 IR .; 21.0
Copper
Molybdenum 2.50
- 3.50
- -
2.5
-
3. ,j
-
2. 50
. 50 max
20.0
-
3. 50 3.0
Tungsten 2.00 3.00 2.0 ;!.(1 2.0 3.0 2.5
Columbium
+Tnntalum 0. 75 (b) I. 25 (h) 0. 75 I. 25 . 75 1.23 1.0
Nitrogen
Iron
0.10 0.20
Balimcc
0.10 (c)
ll.1iancp
0.20 (c) .10
Bnlancc
.20 -
30.0
(o) AMS 5555 gives 0. 030
(b) AMS 5531 gives 0. 50 to 0. 85
(c) AMS 5794 A gives 0. 10 max only
(d) AMS 5795 B gives 0. 10 max C and 1. 0 to 2. 5 Mn
(c) AMS 5376 B only
1.05 Heat Trcallncnt 2.022 Electrical resistivity. 36.6 microhm i<~.
1.051 ~SOlUtion trcar. 2000 to 2.300 F, air cc.ol, oil or 2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy Is nonma!,'llCtic.
water quench depending on sect ion size.
1.0511 ll.1r and forgings. AMS 5768 E specifics 2!25 to 2175 F, 2.03 Chemical Properties
1 hr, water quench.
2. 031 Corrosion resistance d the alloy, in the annealed condition,
1.05!2 Wc!dcd tubing. AMS 5585 specific 2!30 to 2170 F, atr
to nitric acid Is equal to that of austenitic stainless steels,
cool.
Its resistance to weak hydrochloric and sulphuric acids Is
1.052 Stress relief for forgings. 1200 F, 2 hl 4 hr.
1.053 Age. 1200 to 1650 F. 4 to 24 hr, air cool.
superior to tint of stainless steels. The hot worked, cold
1.0531 worked and aged conditions arc slightly inferior to ti1c
ll.1r and forgings. AMS 5768 E specifics 1475 t'> 1525 F,
4 hr, air cool. annealed condition.
2.032 Alloy exhibits high resistance to oxidation and to all
I. 0532 Precision invesuncnt castings. AMS 5376 B specifics 1465
to 1485 F, 50 hr. atmospheres occuring in engines up to 1900 F for continuou&
I. 054 liot cold work forgings. 15 to 20 pcrcnt at 1400 to 1650 F, service and up to 1600 F for intermittent service.
followed by stress rei icf. This -:rcatu ern 1m proves
2.04 Nuclear Properties
strcnbrth nt tcmpuralurcs up :o 120U F.
1.0~ Bar~!!~!?lli!Y... Alloy can I>~ ira rdencd ooly by .:old work
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
and hot cold work. Effect of cold rolling on tonilc
propcrrles of bar, Ftg. I. 05.
3. 01 Specified Mechanical Properties
1.07 3. Oil AMS specified mechanical properti~s. Table 3. Oil.
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
CODE
'------
1602
FeNC
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
, ...
.(
/
v v
/
v,......... 20 Ni
3 Mo
// TIIERMA CONDUCJIVITY
2.5 w
,..,.,..,.
Cb
0 200 400 600 BOO 1000 1200 40 ~~~~t-----4----~-----~---~
TEMP- F e
SAND CAST
+ 2140 F, 2 HR
FIG. 2. 013 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY 0 PREC iNVEST CAST N-155
(H)(9. p. J)(ln. p. 4) 20 r--"A!~S~C~A~~~~--+----+----+--~-1
Fe-20Co- 0Cr-20Nl-3Mo-2, 5 40
!z
Ill
~ 0
~ 40
0
0 400 BOO 1200 1600 2000
TEMP F
r---.
"'----
B(l
HI l "Tu
BO 40 ~
"' HI
1 ..
"Tv
~ ~
Vi
~40
~
"'0 r
{.; 40
0
..
.....
RA
u
Q
"'"'
d2 INl
40 c..
!z
Ill
I
ll 400 HO!l 1200
u IIJOO
!:io
a. TEMP-I'
0 400 BOO 1200
TEMP- F FIG. 1.011.1 EFFEC.I OF ROOM AND ELEVATED
r EMPEHATURE ON TENSILE
FIG. J. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PRot' En- P:WPERTIES OF ALLOY
TIES OF SHEET ('' p.n)(l4)(15, p HHi (lh, p. 4)
CODE 1602
PAGE 3
FeNC
FERROUS AlLOYS REVISED MARtH 1963
Fe
20 Co
20 Cr
20 Ni 80
3 Mo
2.5 w ~ 60 l-+--+----+---+~-t-----l
I Cb "'
'------' ... 2~HR} BXl'OSURB
10 100 1000
TIME- HR
Fe-~oco-20Cr-20Nl-3Mo-2, sW-1Cb
PREC INV CASTINGS
100 AGBD, 2 HR
80
.-
60 - 950 F
UOOF -
l200F
10 r-_,~----r~~~+-~~-+--~
r--- ~
_
--
8 I'-- .... ......
20
6 RUPTURE 500F-,
AGBD
- 1500F
4
ST+AGE
- - 1650F
I
- - 1% \TOTAL RUPTURE
10
- - 0.51JSTRAIN 10 100 1000
10 100 1000 10,000 TIMB- HR
TIMB -HR
FIG. 3, 043 CREEP RUPTURB CURVES FOR PRS-
PIG. 3. 041 CREBP RUPTURB AND TOTAL STRAlN CURVBS ClSION INVESTMBNT CASTINGS AT
FOR BAR AT 1200 TO 1650 F 950 TO 1500 F (9, p.ll)
(9, p.15,16)(16, p. 4)
COOE 1602
PAGE 4
r VI .. \J
60
Fe-20C0-20Cr-'20Nl-3Mo-2. W-1Cb
SHBBT
Fe
I" ANN
28
20 Co
20 Cr
20 ""' ~ i2
!!6
20 Ni
3 Mo
2.5W
RUPJ'URB
""' ~ z I Cb
10
8
36
T,TBMP-P
t, T111m -HR
~
""
..
'\.
1\
f
\
52
--(13)
- - - (10)(16)(17)
20L---~----._--~~~~
0 BOO 1200 1600
N-155
100 ~~---~---~--,
Fe-20Co-20Ct-20NI-3Mo2.SW1Cb
80 200 F, 1HR, WQ
+ 1400 F, 16HR, AC
12
Pe20Co-20Cr20Ni-3Mo-2. SW1Cb
ANN
11
'" "
10 1---1---"""!.o-------t----1
8 ~~----+-~~,___,
i2
~
10
9 "' "''
G '\
~ '\
10 100 1000
TIME- HR 0 ~ 800 1200 !600
TBMP P
FIG. 3, 045 CREEP RUPTURE CURVE AT 1200
TO 1600 F FOR ALLOY FlO, 3, 062 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ROOM AND
(17, p.64) ELBVATBD TBMPBRAnntBS
(12, Fig. 136)
CODE 1602
PAGE 5
FERROUS ALLO YS REVISE DMAR CH 1963
REFEREN CES
Fe
I AMS 5376 8, (Mar. I, 1955)
20 Co 2 AMS 5531, (Feb. 15, 195J)
3 AMS 5532 8, (June 15, 1950)
20 Cr 4 AMS .;;~;. (Ocr. I, 1950)
20 Ni 5 AMS 5769 (June 30, 1960)
b AMS 576H E, (Jan. 15, 19:>0)
3 Mo 7 AMS 5794 A, (June I, 1951)
8
2.5 w 9
AMS 5795 8, (June 15, 1953)
Haynes Soellite Co., "Multimet Alloy", (1958)
10 UniVersal -Cyclops Steel Corp., ''High Temperat ure MLtals'',
Cb (1957)
II General Electr>c Co., "Data Sheet", A 40! 2220, (Feb. 28,
1957)
12 General Ele.:tric Co., "Data S~eet", A 4012220, (Ocr. 31,
N-155 1956)
13 North Amcrh:an Aviation In!.!., ''Material Property ManuJI
and Summary Report", p. 19, (Ocr. 30, 1957)
14 Curtiss Wright Corp., "Data :tnd Publu.:~uions P..tncl Da1.1
Sheet", ( 1958)
15 Simmons, Ward F. and Cross, Howard C . "Report on rhc
ElcJatl.od -1 en! perature Properties of St!lccrt..'<.J S'JJh..'r-5~ rf!ngth
Alloys", ASTM STP No. 160, p. 808H, (Au~. 1954)
lo Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., "N-155 CrNiCo -Fe!lJsc
Alloy for High Temperat ures", SS73-EdI -15M-361 j, p.l-\
(1961)
17 The Carpenter S'.ccl Co., "Carpl..'ntcr H1gh Tcalpt.!rat urc
Alloys", Carp~ntcr N-155, p. 6J, (1962)
CODE 1602
PAGE 6
REVIS ED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
I. GENERAL
1.08 ~ and Casting Practice. Electric furnace air melt.
This alloy Is a member of the famous 20Co20C r-20NI
group of super alloys which were considen'< i outstandin g
Fe
1.09 Special ::onsidcra tions
for high tempemtu re service a decade ago. It Is the
1. 091 Large grains In forglngt should be avoided (3).
20 Co
strongest of these Iron base aliQys. It is distinguis hed
by Its long lime stability at high tempemtur es and has
2. PHYSlCAJ, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
20 Cr
good strength up to 1400 F and good oxidation resistan<>e
up to 1800 F. The alloy Is heat treatable to a limited 20 Ni
2.01 T.1ermat Propertie s
extent. It Is produced primarily In form of bar and forglrgli 4 Cb
2.Qll r.;~.:ltlng range. 2400 to 2500 F, (7, p. 4).
although fiat products and casting are also available.
2.012 Phase changes. Alloy Is subject to precipitati on.
2.013 Thermal conductivi ty, Fig. 2. 013. 4 Mo
I. 01 Commerc ial Designatio n. S-590. 2.014
2. 015
Thermal expansion , Fig. 2. 014.
Specific heat, Table 2. 015.
4 w
1. 02 Alternate Designatio ns. None.
1.0512
cool
Bar and forgings (AMS 5770.8) 2180 to 2220 r, I hr mini-
c(:l' in), min-percen t
Hardness
25 -
mum, water quench. RB, max 105 -
1. 0513 High solution temperatu res result In lower t~nsilc BHN, min - 248
strength but higher creep rupture strength than low s<~lu
tlon temperatu res. Effects of solution treat and aging
max - 331
tem;>eratu res and cooling method on tensile properties
3. 012 Additional AMS requireme nts.
of bar, F lg. 1. 0513.
1. 052 Age. 1350 to 1500 F, 10 hr minimum, preferably 1375 to 3.0121 AMS 5770 A s;:>ecifies that rupture time at 1345 to !355 F.
1425 F, 16 hr. 30 ksl shall be !OJ hr minimum and eloagation In 40 at
l. 0521 Bar and forgings (AMS 5770 B) 1390 to 1410 F, 10 hr mini- 30 to 40 ksi shall be 8 percent minimum.
mum, air cool, (2). 3. 0122 AMS 5770 8 specifics that the grain size shall be an average
1. 0522 Higher aging temperatu res are recommen ded for stability of I or finer In accordanc e with thJ grain size chart In
at service temperatu res above 1400 F. ASTM E 19-46.
1. 053 Castings arc gcncmlly not heat treated.
CODE 1603
FeNC
FERROUS ALLOYS REVI"SED MARCH 1963
3.022 Impact strength of varlo"s conditions, Table 3. 022. 4.04 Heating and Heat Treating. Neutral or mildly oxidizing
atmospheres must be used. TI1e surface must be cleaned
Fe from cutting fluid.
20 Co TABLE 3.022
4. OS S~rface Treating. Alloy cannot be pickled in nonr.al
Source {7, p. 20
20 Cr Form
Condition
- commercial plckllng solutions. DuPont's sodium hydride
descallng works very well. Blasting with mild abrasives
20 Ni ST 2150 !' 2250 F may be used as an alternate cleaning method,
4 Cb Cooling AC WQ AC I WQ AC WQ AC I
WQ
Aging +1400F, lbhr 1400F,16hr
4
4
Mo
w
IE, Charpy V
Ft lb. 54 79.5 29.S 127.5' 52.5. 70.5 20 I 14
Fe-20Co-2ocr-20 NI-4Cb-4Mo
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperutures 3/4 IN BAR -4W
S-590 3.031 Short time tension properties Fro
3. 0311
3.032
Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of bar,
Fig. 3, 0311.
Short tl:ne properties other than t~nslon
Effect of test temperature on Impact strength of bar, Fig,
160
.----
~-~ ) - -
3.0321 )
3.0321. 120
3.033 Static stress concentration effects
~ FTY
3.04
3. 041
Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
Creep rupture curves for bar at 1000 to 1600 F, Fig. 3, 041.
80
3.042
3.043
Creep rupture curves for bar at 1200 to 1900 F, Fig. 3. 042.
Tollll strain and creep rupture curves !or bar at 1000 to
1500 F, F !g. 3. 043.
~--r
0----'>--' "1
.. ,?
3.044 Creep rupture curves for sheet at 1200 and 1500 F, Fig. AGED, 16 HR
3.044. 40
3. 045 Master curve for creep rupture or bar, Fig. 3. 045. ~}1400
0 F!WQ
AC
~}1450 F{WQ
3.05 Fatigue Properties. Tahie 3. OS. 0 rt} 1500P~ AC
TABLE 3 05
40
<r---c ---c
3
I Source 7. Jl, 13)
Bar
!i
IXl ,.,_
b
Form
2250 TO 2.100 F, W +1400 F, 16 hr ~ 20
Conditio --.l~
Temp Method A1t Suess Mean Stress,FFerksl ...
IXl
e
F Stress Concen- 6
at c:;c es
8
KSl tratlon 10 lC 10
0
1?.00 Direct t 15 Smooth 60 51 (40) 2150 2200 2250
ioad 4 K=1 SOLUTION TREAT TEMP - F
1350 9 X 10 40 31 l'lG. 1.0513 llFrECT OF SOLlTT'iON
(23) TREAT AND AGING
cycles
per hr TEMPERATURES AND
COOLING METHODS ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF liAR
3.06 Elastic Properties
(7, p. 2)
3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated tempcrarurcs,
Fig. 3. 061.
3,062 Modulus of rigidity at room and elevated temperatures,
Fig. 3.062,
3.063 Poisson's ratio, 0. 310, (7, p.l2).
4. FABRICATION
v
I.
prncticcs. However, tllis n.-quircs more force anc' more
4. 012
intcrmt:dlatc anneals.
Forging. Starting temperature 2250 F maximum, finishing
ERMA~
Til
CONDUCTIVITY
temperature 2100 F mlr.imum. Frequent reheating w1U1
v
thorough soaking is recornmcndt:d because strain hardening L
occurs even at high temperatures, (7, p. 15).
4. 013 The casmbillty of the chromium sminless steels is inlerior
to that of the austenitic types.
10
Fe-20Co-20Cr-201'0i-4 C 4Mo-4W B
J - - - + - - - i - 1 / 2 1 N BAR 160
2250F, 1HR, W.Q 6
+1400F. 16HR RUPTURE
4
10 103
TIME- HR
iil
:.:
FIG. 3, 041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR BAR A'l'IOOO
_1201---.., 80 '
TO 1600F
Vl
:.: ~
u.. (7, p.ll)
40
40 r---,---~- --...---r---~
Pc-20Co- 0Cr-20NI-4Cb-~Mo-4W
BAR
, WQ + 1400 P, 16 HR
IOL-----~---~----~---~---..J
0 400 BOO 1200 1600 2000
TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0321 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON IMPACT
STRENGTH OF BAR
(7, p. 7)
conF" u::n~
FeNC
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
Fe20Co20Cr::ZONt-4Cb-4Mo4W Fe-2ot:o-20Cr-20Ni4Cb-4Mo-4W
Fe I/21N BAR BAR
100 227S f' 1 ,.R 'W l~<n Tn .'Wl" ?n ,.A 100 1---+- 2250 F, WQ + AGED
20 Co
o-, .... 80 ~--~~~~~~~r-...-_~+~14~Q(~IF~,I~6~H~R
20 Cr 80
20
4
Ni
Cb
60 o- ......
e..;.-
1'---.
;: ~-:~ , 1----.
o-...._ --~
""' ~
t--
'-'
- TEST
TEMP
ltooo Fl--
.,_
- --~
40
4 Mo
.... I' ..__ ..... ~
~
4 w ..... R .
......... r--..o- ~-- ~.
'-.. ....
"' -
1500 F
.........
S-590
20
" ""' ........... ......... ''I
.,,
'C
.......... -~1600F
~
~-
10
~ 10
8
.' '
' 170~
.
4
.......
AGED
-- 1400 F, 20 HR
---
--
1500 F, 20 HR
RUP"fl1U!
)
o. 001
1350 F, 20 HR
0. 01 0.1
I
10
1900 F
100 1000
TIME- HR
FIG. 3.042 CREEP Rl'I'TURE CURVES FOR llAR AT 1200 TO 1900 F
(5, p. i23724)
-RUPTURE
- - 1\\i
[TOTAL
- - 0.51\ij~
6
100 1000 10, 000
TIME- HR
FIG. 3. 043 TOTAL STRAIN AND CREEP
RUPTURE CURVES FOR llAR
AT 1000 TO 1500 F
(7, p.8~)
lSL-----~L-----~----~~
I 10 100 1000
TIME llR
FIG. 3.014 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR
SllEhl AT 1200 AND 1500 F
I CODE 1603
FeNC
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
100
40 \ 20
20
Cr
Ni
\
4 Cb
4 Mo
20 4 w
10 \ \
S-590
6 \
4
RUP11JRE
\
T, TEMP F
2
I, TIME HR.
I
\
40 -~o -so -100 -120
T/(LOGt 21)
20
~o-----4-o~o-----s-o~o-----~z-o~o----~~-J6oo
TEMPF
1,08 Melting and Casting Pmctlce, Induction and consumaWe TARLE 3 021
electrode vacuum melts. Source 2, o.4
Condlt~o:1 Hardness. BHN
l, 09 ~eclal Considemtions As forged, AC 170 to 200
ST IB25to 1925 F, OQ 140 to 170
Full heat treatment 248 to 350
CODE IF:04
FERROUS ALLOY S REVISE OMARC H 1963
..
3.05 Fatigue Properties_ 160 1--- 7 1/2 IN SQ BAR _
3.051 Fatigue strength of disk forgings at room temperatur e to ST, 2 HR, WQ + 1350 F, 10 HR
1300 F, Table 3.051.
Source
Form
Condition
TABLE 3 051
(2, p.S)
Disk forgings a 3 In x 13 1/]. In D bl contoured
(a)l825F 2 hr_OQ+_!.: ed _(bl 1875 F 3 hr <X +A ~ted
140 ~ - FTU
+1200F, 40 Hf
-
Grain size Temp Method Suess Stress Fatigue Strength-ks l
ASTM# F
~!.!2... Concen-
tration
at Cycles
105 106 107 108
!2120 -
R
~
(a) 7 RT Rev co -1 Smooth 84 67
~
56 55
I (b) ~to 8 bend K=l - - - 45
100
-- b-
.----
(a) 7 1200 62 58 55 51
(b) 3 tO 8 - - -46 FTY :--.._
b)_ 3 to_8
(a) 7
1300 - - - " 80
RT Notched 70 43 41 41
Knot 40
12UO given 41 37 36 36
... .. RA
_I
-- I
3.052 Elfc~tof brain size on Cati 0uc strcngtlt of blr at room
temperature to !30J F, Table 3. 052.
e (21N)
TABLE 3 052 0
Source (2, p.'i) 0 RT 1600 1700 lhilO 1900 2000
Form 5 8 In Rolled bar SOLUTION TREAT TEMP - F
Condition STat different temperature s +Aged
Grain size ASTM # G.~l.5 3 15.517 Is llQ5 FIG. I. 051 EFFECT OF SOLUTION TREAT TEMPERAT URE
Temr Method Stress Stress Flllg.\'e Strength ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF AGED BAR
~~
F Conccn at lC" cycles ksl (2, p.9)
A R tradon
RT Rev co -1 Smooth 27 36 - - 45 48 65
1200 bend - - ~Q5 ~6.5 - so -
1;;oo
- - ~7.5 l5 - 1.5 -
Notched 16
Pc-25Ni -HCr-2. 3SMo 1. 95Tt
v
Knot
FULL liT --(2)
RT !liven - - - - 28 28 32.5 WORKED+ AGED ---(5)
u:-
1;: 12 /
3. 05
3. 06!
Jllas tic Properties
Mod.llus or elasticity at room anrJ elevated temperature s,
Pig. 3.061.
cY
Cl)
0::
::s
0:: ..,..,. /
v v
4. PABIUCATION
...
Ul
I
1;: I THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
;:, I
4.01 Forming and Casting 1-
4. 011 Forg1r.g. Starting temperatur e 2050 F maximum. finish "' I
ing temperatur e 1750 F minrmunl. Porgln~ up tu 2200 F
and down to 1600 F will not damage material. Forging
0
below 1800 F permls the retention of cold work which In
turn controls the recrystalliz ation during solution treat- 0 ~00 BOO 1200 1600
ment. It Is recommend ed that 15 to 25 percent reduction TEMP -I'
be applied before anncalmg or :oolutlon treating.
FIG. 2.01.1 THEI!MAL CONDUCTIVITY
4.02 ~~!..".!!!! All co.ulitlons car. b machlneJ us lng stan-
(2. p. 6)(5, p. 2)
CODE 1604
PAGE 2
1 t;t'lv
\...J
11 Fc-l)~l-14C.:r-:JMu
Fe-25Ni-t4Cr-3Mo-l. 7Tl I. 7TI
FULL HT ~T;J"IS:JF, ~IJ. IH +lZ?ll', 21Jifll Fe
tl.
e 25 Ni
=
felO
U, 062 IN Sllci!T. ST JHUUF, Jill\, UQ
A U.1U5 IN Slfi!Eo, ST JH~SF, JIIR, OQ
14 Cr
ST
~
=
fe
MBANCOBF
LINEAR THERMAL
EXPANSION/
.---- FORGINGS,
J 1750 To 11U'JF, OQ
3 Mo
~9 1.7 Ti
? /
~
.-/ FROM kTTOTEMP +---1120-
8 (INDICATED ~ DISCALOY
0 400 800 1200 1600 j:
TEMP- F 120 ~'t"---+----t80 tl.
40
(3)
0
o <2>
~ 40
tlJ
e
u
=
!fa
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TEMP - F
2~( l
F~-2;NoI~Cr-2. :5Mol. ~5Ti
WORK ED + AGED
200
l.* ---....,
~
"Tu
Jn(1
I
~
~
FTY
~ ,/
~44r---+-~A-~~--~ 120
=
u ,_
SE 'u::
~ 10 .. ..... _.,
RA
'"
c.. ~
.. ...
l
~~--~~--~----L---~ -4ll0 -Jor -200 -100 0 100
0 400 800 1200 1400
TEMP- F TEMP- F
FIG. 2. 022 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY FIG ..1.0312 EFFI!CT OF LOW TEMPEHATURE 0!\: TEI'SILE
P~OPEHTIES OF ALLOY
(2, pl) (~. p. I)
CODE 1604
FeNC
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1963
Fe
50
25 Ni 100 ~------~~~~4
14 Cr 80
3 Mo ~40
!-o 60
t<.
1.7 Ti
40
DISC ALOY
-400 0 400 800 1200
TBMP-F
FIG. 3.0321 EFFECT OF TllST TEMPERATURE 20
ON IMPACT STRENGTH OF BAH
(2, p. !)
10
6
RUPI'URB
4
10 100 1000
TIMB- HR
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR
SHEET AT 1000 TO 1500 F
(2, p. 8)
20
0
~
Ill
0
~ 10
re 0 0
0
--RUPTURE 200 240 280 320 360 400
---1 II) DIAMOND (VICKERS) HARDNESS
- - - O. 5 CREEP
10~------~------~------~
100 1000 1. 4
I. 5 1. 6 1. 8 2. 0 2. 2 2. 4
TIME- HR TIT.\NIUM COm"BNT, PERCENT
FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE FIG. 3.043 EFFECT OF HARDNESS OR TITANIUM CONTENT
CURVES FOR FORGINGS AT 1000 ON 100 HOUR RUPTURE STRENGTH AND ELONGA
TO 1350 F TION OF BAR AT 1200F
(2, p.6, 7) (4, p.56)
FeNC
REVISED: MARCH 1963
FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe
28
.... Fe-25NI-14Cr-3Mo-\. 7TI
FORGINGS 25 Ni
" FULL HT
""
14 Cr
26
3 Mo
~
1.7 Ti
22
"" ~~ ~
~
DiSCALOY
20
0 200 400
600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.051 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES
(2. p.h)
REFERENCES
2.02
2.021
2.022
2.023
Other Physical Properties
Density
Electrical properties
Magnetic properties. Alloy Is nonmagnetic, (1) (2).
30
)....-
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
e Oe (2IIN) ~ ~
1100 1200 1300 1400
3.01 Specified Mechanlca_l_!!~pertles
TEMPBRING TEMP F
3.02 ~~!~pertie'!.!!_.!!_<?_om
FIG. 3.0211 EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPER-
Temperature
3.021 Tension properties ATURE ON ROOM TEMPERAlURE
3.021l Effect or tempering temperature 011 room temperature ten TENSILE STRENGTH OF BAR ( )
1
slle strength or bar, Fig. 3.0211.
COD!=:
FE RR OU S ALLOYS
RE VI SED MA RC H 19
63
Fe 160 e-l6Cr1~
' I
~l-7.~~-~
16 Cr 4 -
100~--
--~--~
--
Fe-1 6Cr -15N-- ~--~
l-7. 5Mo6Mo~
15 Ni 120 liN BAR
H R
7.5 Mn FTU
~~----~~--+-
0 2100 F, WQ
----~--~
...
6 ~
Mo ~.-- ~
~ 80
0.35 N
;>-- ~ --o.~
"Tl '
16-15-6 40
TEMPERED 15 HR
eHR
0 021 po r, WQ
80
~~,.,
0 ~h... ~A
IV""' .~
-.....;;
~
c(2 Ir
0 A
AS I 200 1400 1600
ROLLED
TEMPERING TEM P - F
FIG. 3.02 12 EFF ECT ~
OF TEMPERING FOR
15 HR AT VARIOUS TEM
PER A f ~~--~~~~--
TURES ON ROOM TEM
PER A -~ ~~
TURE TEN SIL E PiWPER
TJES
OF BAR
(2, p.2, 3)
0~
1000--~-----L-
1200 1400 --1600
-~--~
1800
TEM P- F
FIG. 3.03 11 BFF BC TO
F ELE VAT ED TEM J'SR
ATURB ON TENSILB l'RO
PSRTIBS
OF HOT ROL LED AND
OOLUTION
TRE ATE D BAR
(1)
Fe-
1-' :... 0.- --1 --- --- --, 16C r-15 Nl- ,5M n-6M o
r-- FORGINGS
TEMPBRBD 1200 F
1200 F
OL-~~--~~-
AS 1000 -~~--~
200 0 2200
ROLLBD QUENCHING
TBM P - F
FIG. 3.02 13 EFF ECT OF QUENCHING
TEMPERA TURB ON ROO
M
TEMPERA T URB TEN SIL
E
PROPBRTIBS OF BAR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP RUPTURE CUR
(2, p.2) VES AT 1200 TO 1400
FOR DISC FORGING F
(2, p. 3)
CODE 16051
FeNC
REVISE DMARC H 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
'.,
Fe
16 Cr
15 Ni
7.5 Mn
6 Mo
0.35 N
16-15-6
:
1 ~' 5 ~:}EXPERIMENTAL
20 KSI
o 30 KSI POINTS
0 1 A 40 KSI - - - t - - - - - t - - - 1
Cl 60 KSI I -0 650
-CALCUL ATED FROM:
O.OI LOGt=9-lii .3(T-750)(5 ,060-LOG6 ) .
800 1200 lbOO 200U 2400
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0421 COMPARISON OF CALCULATED
CREEP RUPI'URE CURVES WITII
EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR BAR
AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(3, p. 708)
REFERENC ES
2. 01 Thermal Properties
I. GENERAL
This steel is an austenitic smlnless steel with increased 2.0ll Melting range. 2550 to 2650 F, (10, p. 57). Incipient Fe
nickel content and additional molybdenum. It combines melting begins at 2350 F. 25 Ni
high strength at temperatures up to 1350 F with good corro- 2,0!2 Phase changes~ Alloy is subject to precipitation and forma
sion resistance. Improved strength at elevated tempera- tlon of sigma phase, IG Cr
tures is olltalned by a controlled amount of strain harden- 2,013 Thermal conductivity. Room temperature, 9 Btu ft per
ing by cold work or, In the case of forgings, by ''hot cold (hr sq ft F). 1100 F, 15 Btu ft per (hr sq ft F). G Mo
work" at 1200 to 1500 F. The alloy is primarily a forging 2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2.014, (5)(10, p.5i).
alloy. 2.015 Specific heat. 0. 105 Btu per (lb F), (5).
16-25-6
1.01 Commercial Designation. 16-25-6. 2.02 Other Physical Properties
2.021 Density. 0. 291 lb per cu ln. 8. 07 gr per cu em, (5).
1.1)2 Alternate Designations. Timken 16-25-6, 16-25-6 Alloy. 2.022 Blectrical resistivity
2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy is nonmagnetic. Permeability,
I. 03 Specifications. Table I. 03. Table 2. 023.
TABLE 2.023
TABLE I 03 Condition Matmetic permeability_at 20 oersteds
Mllltarv Hot worked 1.0050
AMS Form 1.0045
HW+age
5725 A Bar("!!!::!. 5 In) (Aged) 1. 013
ST
5727 B Forgings I. 004 to I. 025
ST+age
5728 A Forgings, ingots
2. 03 Chemical Properties
I. 04 2.031 Corrosion resistance
2, 0311 General corrosion resistance is similar In most respects
TABLE I 04 to that of 18-8 steels. Alloy is cxccptloolally resistant to
Source AMS I AMS 2113 10 the attack of sulfuric acid and salt water.
Percent Percent Percent 2,03i2 Intcrgranular corrosion may occur especially after solu-
Min Max Min Max Min Max tion treating and subsequent exposure to temperatures
Carbon
Manganese
-
.
0.12
2.00
-- 0.08
2.00
-
-
0.12
2.00 2,032
above 1100 F.
Oxidation resistance is high up to !350 F. Above 1400 F
oxidation of molytxlenum occurs and it may become catas
Silicon - 1.00 - 1.00 - 1.00
Phosphorus - 0.040 -
-
0.030 -- -
-
trophic under certain oxidizing conditions. Stagnant air
should be avoided and a rapid gns flow which prevents de-
Sulfur
Chromium
- 0.030
!5.00 17.50
0.030
15.00 17.50 15.00 17.50 position of oxides is favorable.
Nickel 24.00 27.00 24.00 27.00 24.00 27.00
5.50 7.00 5.50 7.00 2, 04 Nuclear Properties
Molybdenum 5.50 7.00
Nitrogen o. 10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0. 20
Copper - 0.50 - 0.50 - - 3, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Iron Balance Balance Balance
3, 01 Specified Mechanical Properties
3, 011 AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3, 011.
I, 05 Heat Treatment
1.051 Anneal. 1700 to 2300 F.
1.052 Solution treat. 2!25 to 2!75 F, air cool, water or oil
quench depending on section size.
1.053 Cold work (about 20 percent reduction) and age bar up to
1 1/2 ln. 1200 to 1300 F, 2 to 8hr. AMS 5725 A sp~clfles TABLE 3 Oil
Source AMS I AMS 2/(3
1200 F, 2 hr minimum, (1).
IAllov 16-25-6
1.054 Hot cold work (IS to 30 percent reduction) and age bar and
Form Bar Forldn.tlB
forgings at 1200 to !500 F, 2 hr minimum.
1.055 AMS 5727 Band 5728 A specify forging between 2000 and condition CW+1200F, 2hr, HCW+l210F, 4to
1780 F, and heating prior to hot cold work at 1225 to 1260 F, AC 10 hr., stlli AC
4 to 6 hr and subsequent aging at 1200 to 1220 F, 4 to 10 hr
in stlll air, (2)(3).
Thickness - In
~tu min -ksl
~1.5
12Q
-
100
FIX, mln -ksi 1{);1 80
1.06 Hardenabllity. This alloy is used primarily in a strain e( D), min-percent ]8 10
hardened condition. It is also subject to precipitations, but RA, min -percent 35 15
these, as In other austenitic steels, reduce the ductility. Hardness
BHN, mln 248 235
I. 07 Forms and Conditions Available max 321 293
I, 071 This alloy Is a va!lable In form of bar or forgings.
1.072 Forgings and bar are available In the solution treated and
In the hot cold worked conditions.
1.073 (!.lr is also available In the solution treated, cold worked
and stress relieved condition.
3.012 Adultional AMS 5727 B and 5728 A requirements. Rupture
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. Electric furnace o ir melt. tlmc at 1195 to 1205 F, 40 ksl shall be 100 hr minimum and
elongation In 40 at 40 to 45 ksl shall be 5 percent minimum
1.09 Special Consi<leranons. Avoid heating alloy t> high tem- 3,02 Mechanical PrCJperties at Room Temperature, See 3, 03
peratures In stagnant oxidizing atmospheres, oor.ausc of also,
molybdenum reactions. 3, 021 Effect of test direction on tens lie properties of bar, F lg.
3.021.
3.022 Effect of exposure to elevated temperature with and with-
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES out load on tensile properties of bar, Table 3, 022.
CODE 160G
FERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1963
--
to 30 percent, improves high temperatcre properties.
--
1300 10 1080 133 68.5 13 17
1300 10 12,373
1300 12.5 11,873
112.5 66
- -
4.5 4.5
- - -
- 131.4 100
-
10 17
4. 01.... Hot cold forging can be performed at temperatures rang-
Ing from 1200 to 1500 F, preferably between 1200 and 1300 F.
1500 4.5 9B5 112.8 50.5 29 33.4 - - - AMS 5727 A and 5728 B specify heating for 4 to 6 hr at
!225 to 1260 F prior to hot cold forging.
3,023 Bffect of exposure to elevated temperatures on Impact 4.02 Machining. Th.ls alloy machines In a manner slmllax to
strength of bar, Fig. 3. 023. that of austenitic stalnless steels, see Type 304.
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Vaxious Temperatures 4.03 ~ This alloy possesses good fuoion and resistance
3.031 Short time tension properties weldabillty, (10, p. 57).
3.0311 Bffect of test temperature on tensile properties of solution
treated bar, Fig. 3. 031L 4.04 Heating and Heat Treating is similar to that of austenitic
3. 0312 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of sheet stainless steels, see Type 316.
and bar In various conditions, Fig, 3. OSJ2.
3.03!3 Tensile properties of bar and forgings in various condi- 4.05 Sur!:lce Treating. Dcscallng is preferably performed by
tions at RT and 1200 F, Table 3.03!3. mechanical methods, such as sand blasting. Molten alkali
TABLE303!3 baths axe also effective.
Source 110 --;;:s8
Allov Fe-2SNI-!6Cu-6Mo
Form Bars For.,ln"s
Condition Ann cw Hew
Test Tenm-F RT 1200 RT 1200 RT 200 14
Ftu' ksl !20 82.5 !38 95.5 !62 !06.5
Fty. -ksl 58 36 Ill. 5 76 143.5 93 11.
e(21n)-percert 39.5 21.5 19 21 a:
!5.5 13.5 1>1
12
RA -percert 5!.0
Hardness
20 36 36 34 28 "'
!:
BHN 207 - 279 - 326 - a:
1>1
2!00 F, I hr, AC "'
!: 10
Forged 2100 F, reduced 25% at 1700 F finish temperature,
stress relief I 200 F. '?
Hot rolled bar, reduced 23% at 1200 F, mrcss relief !200 F.
s
3.032 Short time properties other than tension
3. 0321 Bf!ect of exposure and test tempcralllre on Impact strength
of bar, FIg. 3, 032L
3.05
3.051
1200 F, Fig. 3. 045.
Shear rupture curves for hot cold worked forgings at
1200 F, Fig. 3.046.
Fatigue Properties
Stress range diagram for Sli)OOth and notched bar at 1200 F,
Fig. 3.051.
120 - - Fro
-
HCW 00 F), 22%
+12~F. 4HR
--
- -
FTY
3,052 A small amowlt o( stretching at room temperature or creep
slightly reduces the fatigue strength of smooth specimens
at 1200 F. Stretching of notched bars at elevated tempera-
tures raises the fatigue strength, while compressing them
- e
- -
reduces the fatigue strength. (WADC TR 58-214).
0 20 oiO 60 80 100
3.06 Elastic Properties ANGLB TO AXIS - DBG
3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperatures,
Fig. 3.061. FIG. 3. 021 EFFECT OF TEST DIRBCTION ON TENSILE
3.062 Modulus of rigidity, ll, 000 ksl. PROPBRTIES OF BAR (7 , p. )
3.063 Poisson's ratio, 0. 286. 24
CODE 1606
FeNC
REV I SED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
r-----~-----r----~------T-~--~180
e-25NI-l
'f' 1 IN BAR, HCW (1500 F)+ 1250 F, 4 HR
r-6Mo Fe
I IN BAR, HCW + 1275 F, 6 HR
I IN BAR, 2150 F +20 % CW + 1250 F, 4 HR 140
25 Ni
BAR, 22% CW + 1200 F, 4 HR 16 Cr
0 0. 062 IN SHEET, 1950 F + CW
6 Mo
16-25-6
120
TBSTBD A.T RT
BXPOSURB -+-\..--4---180 ~
ll!R. Ito
0 ~::0..::0::....::.:1000::::::.,:400~---::-~-~~----:-~
800 1200 1600
TBMP -P ~ 80
'
PIG. 3. 023 EFFECT OF BXPOOURB TO ELB-
VA.TBD TEMPERATURES ON IMPACT
STRBNGTII OF BAR (4, p. 86) 60
40
e.&.o <a>
20
(5)
40
Pe-25Nl-16Cr-6Mo
1 IN BAR
2150 F, WQ ~
~ 0
~ 40
le
80
0
0 400 800 1200 2000
TEMP- P
60
Piu. 3. 0312 EPPECT OP TEST TBMPBRATURB ON TBNSILB
~ PROPERTIES OP SHEET AND BAR IN VARIOUS
CONDmONS (5, p. 86)(8, p. 43 84)
40
Pe-25NI-16Cr-6Mo
1-----+-----+-1 IN BAR'-----!
20 2150 P, WQ
0 80
1-o
z "'..:I 401-----1----1--\---+---1~-l
40
"'ffl
u ...
Ito
80 30
"'
~ e
EXPOSURE
IHR
~40 0 IOOOHR
le OL----~--~--~--_J
0 800 1200 1600
0 TBMP -P
0 400 1600 2000
PIG. 3. 0321 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TBST
TBMPERATURE ON IMPACT STRENGTII
PIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF TEST TBMPBRATURE ON TBNSILB OF BAR (4, p. 86)
PROPERTIES OP SOLUTION TRBATBD BAR
(5, p. 88)(8, p. 43-54)
FERROUS ALL OYS REV I SED MARCH 1963
Fe
Pe-25N I-16Cr- 6Mo
25 Ni liN BAR
1 oor-------+-------4-~2~1~~P~W~--~
16 Cr
8or------r--==9F~=-===r--~
6 Mo
16-2 5-6
81--------r-------~~
~~~~
6
60r-~~--r-------~---
-~~~
~~oo~--~1~~~--~1~o.~~~1~o=o----~1~~----~1o~.o~oo
TIME -HR
PIG. 3. 041 TOTAL STRAIN CURVES FOR BAR
AT 1200 TO
1400 F
(5, p.88)
10
8 ~10~-
----100~~~--1~~-----1-0~.~~__j
TIME - HR
FIG. 3. 042 CREEP RUPru RB CURVES FCR BAR AND
FCRCING:l AT 1~ TO 1500 F
(5, p. 88)(10, p. 3537)( 11, p. 57)
!00
80
1200 F
60
40
1350 F
v;
:.:
RUPru RE
20 0 T, TEMP F
RUYI"URE t, TIME HR
e ANN 2!00 F, I HR, AC
HW 2100 F, RED 25%
AT 1700 F + 1200 F
IU 0 HCW RED 23'X,AT 1200 F+ 1200 F
I 10 100 1000
6
TIME HR ~28~----~3~2~----~3~6------~~~-----
-~~~--~~
FIG. 3.042 CREEP RUYI"UR!l CURVES FOR
!JAR
(T + 460) (20 + LOG t ) x 10-3
AND FORGINGS AT 1200 AND !350F FIG. 3. 043 MASTER CUR VB FOR CREEP RUI'T\JRE OF
(10, p.58) BAR AND
FCRGINGS
(6, Fig. II)
CODE 1606
PAGE 4
FeNC
REVISE D MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
'\,.-/
Fe
28
1950 F, 25 Ni
IG Cr
12
100 1-----1-- oU G Mo
80 1--j.,::O- ....ll--
IG- 25-G
400 800 1200 1600
'X.601------r.:-:~--t
TEMP- F
40
I~~
FIG. 3, 061 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT ROOM
RUPTURE AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
(4, p.l27)
20 1~------~10~----~1~00~----~1000~
TIME- HR
HCW
TENSION
RUM"URE 1200 F
I ~--4~~~~----~~ 9
Eletcd Temperatu re Properties of Selected Super Strength
Alloys'", ASTM STP No. 160, p. 43-54, (Aug. 1954)
Meyer, Andre]., Jr., Kaufman, Albert and Caywood, W.
C., "Investigati on nf Mechanical Fastenings for Soltd
Turbine Blades Made from Ductile Materials'", p. 25-40,
(Aug. 2, 1954)
10 The Carpenter Steel Co., "Carpenter High Tempcrntu rc
Alloys'", p. 57-60, (Jan. 1962)
II Voorhees. Howard R. and Freeman. james W., "Notch
100 Sensitivity of Heat-Resis tant Alloys at Elc\'3lt.'Ci Tempera-
MEAN STRESS KSI tures, WADC TR 54-li5, Pt. I. p. 57, (Aug. 1954)
12 Vltovcc, F. H. and Lazan, B. ] .. ""Fatigue, Creep, and
PIG. 3. 051 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAMS FOR SMOarH Rupture Properties of Heat H~sistant Mntcnnls" , WAOC
AND NOTCHED BAR AT 1200 F TR 56-181, p. 55, 89, 180, (Aug. 1956)
(12, p.IBO)
feNC
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Silicon
Cnpper
-- I. 00
0.50
BHN (3000Kg) - - - 120 to 120 II
180 170
- -
Nickel +Cobalt
Chromium
30.0
19.0
34,0
22.0
RB 80max 88max 84max - 66 to
86
- I35to
220
Iron Balance
1.05 Hardenabllity. Can b! hardened only by cold work. 3,04 Creep nd Creap Rupture Properties
3.041 Stress lor I and 5 p>rcent total strain at 1400 to l80J 1',
1,07 Forms ano Condidons Avc1LlaWc Table 3. 041.
1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commerclal range of sizes for
sheet, strip, plate, bu, wire :rnd tubing. TABLE3 041
1,072 All forms arc avaUable ln the annealed conditlon. Bu is SC"'LI[C{' 2)
(1, p,
also ovnllnble In the hot worked condition, and sheet, strip Form BAR
and.wlre In celd worked conditions. S.~eet and strip ore also Cnndlton Ann 2050 I' 2 hr ,.,.,
available In extra soft, deep drawing .md splnnlng quallt~. Tota\ srtulnperccnt Stress - kj' at Temp - F
CODE 1607
FE;RROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
4. FABRICATION
Fe- 4 N!-20Cr JOO
Fe 4.01 Forming and Casting BAR
34 Ni 4.011 Forging. Srarting tempemtur e 2200 F maximum. Heavy
work can b: done between 2200 and 1850 F, nnd normal
20 Cr forglng ope~atlons are usually stmed !rom 2150 F. Light 80
forging can~ done down to 1600 F. The alloy should not
6e worke.:l btween 1600 F and 1200 F. It Is recomm~nded
that forgings with nonunl!orm cross se::tlons be cooled In
INCOLOY air, The mte of cooling has no effect on the baldness.
HR 0
(CO) MILL ANN
4.02 M!!;:_!l~. The alloy Is machined most readily In the an-
nealed condition with hot rolled, cold rolled and forged rna-
A
(CD) ANN 2050 F, 2 HR
tedal exhibiting the next best machlnabU!ty, Since con- 801-- -,.__ _ , 40
s!demble heat ls genemted, high speed steel, cast non-
ferrous or carbide tools with positive rake angles sho.Ud b:
u.;ed. Sulfur base oil may b: used as lubrtcanth utshould
bo remove.:! complerely IJ.:!orc the part Is expose.:! to ele- 20
vared remperatu rcs.
~
a:
~9r-----~-,~~F-----~-----+----~
u
CODE 1607
PAGE 2
FeNC
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROUS ALLOYS
Fe-l4Nl-20Cr Fe
2R .....
.......... 34 Ni
E INCOLOY
20
REFERENCES
4. FAllRICATION
3V-D.25AI
200 Fe-25 . 5Nl1 5Cr3 Tl1. 25MoO.
200 Fe-25 .5Nl I5Cr 3Tl1 .25M o0.3 V0.2 5AI
Fe _.. ::-=,
25.5 Ni ........_I 1800 F. 2 HR.
+ 1350 F. 16 HR. AC
OQ
100
. 1100 F
160
Cr ~ ........
~ ~
15
so ~......_1200 F
~ !'}..
FTU -....._~
3 Ti ......
~ ~ ....,
1.25 Mo
0.3 v
i2 120 - - ~-F~- ---K\. 60
......... e- 1300 F
- -- - --
~ .....
RA I 1800 F, 4HR, OQ}
3,'4IN DIA I', 1500 F
Ul
~ 40 ---
.... __ __ .... ,
/
/"
-+1 350 F, 16HR, AC
10 f-=-_. ISOOF, 2HR,
BAR (1)
BAR (3) OQ}
.....
...Ul -- -e (5 D) 8
+135 0F, 16HR, AC
10 100
....,~
1000
0.1
0 1600 TIM E HR
0 400 soc 1200
P RuPT URE CURVES FOR BAR
TEM P- F FIG. 3.042 CREEP AND CREE (1, p. 67) (3, p. 3)
URE
FIG. 3.031 1 EFFE CT OF TEST TEMPERAT
FORG-
ON TENS ILE PROPERTIES OF
INGS AND ROLLED BAR
(2, p. 6) (3, p. 3)
3V-O. 25AI
200 Fc-25 . 5Nl-1 5Cr-3 TI-l. 25Mo-O.
3/4IN BAR
1800 F, 4 HR, 0Q
100
r--... + 1350 F, 6 HR, AC
~
80
60
r--- ~
RT
40 A
200 co
6. 0.67
0.25
.a.. ""' .... ... 0
100 ...._
~
80
1._ 800 F
i2 60
lll40
Ul200
~ ..
200 Fc-25 . 5Nl-1 5Cr-3 Tl-l. 25Mo-O. 3Tl-
0. 25AI FORGINGS
1800 F, 2 HR, 0Q
~100
.. -
... ~-
.--- ~
--
100
........
+ 1350 F,. 16 HR, AC 80
"" 60
.. ~ l....a. .
1100 F 1- -
.......~ 40
80
" -~
40
',<"i\ \
100
80
60 ._ :--e.-
- -
- ---........ -
1300 F
...
.....
-
--
RUPTURE
0. 2% IAST IC STR, IN
40
20 40 -3 44 NUMBER OF CYCLES
32 3~
P= (T+4 60) (20 +LOG t) x 10 BAR AT ROOM
FIG. 3.051 S-N CURVES FOR UNNOTCHED
FOR VARIOUS
FIG. 3. 041 MASTER CURVE
FOR 0. 2 PERCEI'tl' AND ELEV ATED TEMPERATURES
CREE P AND CREE P RUPTURE
OF (1, p.IS- 20)
"A" RATIOS
FORGINGS ( 2 p. 7 )
FeNC
REVISED MARCH 1963 FERROU~ ALLOYS
u;
40
-- J--'"";-,
--
r:e.--
--..
~ ~uodF
= - -=-=-- r-. ........
3 Ti
1.25 Mo
0.3 v
,,
UNNOTCHED K 1. 0
~ 20
l ', ~
'
0.25AI
~
0:
!;; 0 V-57
~ 60
z~
---..... ....._
~
Ia 40
::;
~-
- .... ~-- ............... I HR
-----
~
10 HR
<
1'., ' 1 HR
--100 HR
=2.16 x 105 CYCLES
20
0
UNNOTrED K = 1. 0
I
\
'
\.
lit
\
\
1\ 130t F
30 0.40
Fe-25. 5NI-15Cr3TI-i. 25MoO. ~V-0.25AI Fe-25. 5Nl-15Cr3TIl. 25Mo-O. 3V0.25AI
~ 0.36
22
~
B
"-........ 0.32
_...... v
~
18
0
PIG. 3.061
400 800 1200
TBMP- P
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
1600 2000
(2, p.2)
0. 28
FIG. 3.063
0 ---400
~
800 1200
TEMP F
POISSON'S RATIO
1600 2000
(2, p.4)
12
Fe-25. 5Ni-15Cr -3TI-1.25Mo-O. 3V-O. 25AI
8
"" r.....
~
i'-......
REFERENCES
Cers, A. E. and Blatherwick, A. A., "Fatigue and Stress
Rupture Properties of !nconel 713 C, V-57 and Titanium
Alloys 7AI-3Mo-TI and MST 821 (8AI2Cb1TaTI)",
WADD TR 60-426, Uuly 1960)
""
2 General Electric Co., "V-57", Specification CSOT58,
(April 9, 1959), revised Uune 1961)
3 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., "Allegheny Ludlum Iron-
6 Base High Temperaiure.Ailoy V-57'; (AprU 14, 1960)
1200 1600 -"20)0
0 400 800 Miller, J. R., Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., Personal
TBMP - P Communication, Uuly 24, 1959)
PIG. 3.062 5 Bowen, B. 0., General Electric Co., Personal Communica-
MODULUS OF RIGIDITY
(2, p. 3) tion, (Feb. 23, 1959)
FeNC
FERROUS ALLOYS
I. GENERAL
1.062 Jllfect d aging temperature and time oo Rockwell hazdness
W-545 Is a pnclpllatloo harden~. austenitic lroobase
alloy. Irs high creep strength, good ductility, realalaDCc o1. alloy, Table 1.062. Fe
to notch sensitivity and oxldatloo meet the requirements for TABLE 1.062
lmpra.rcd gas tu:r:blne discs, rotors, abatts, buckets aud Sn.oroo (5,p.4 26 Ni
An .... Fe26NH3. SCrl. 75Mol. 6Mn
other appllcatloos requiring high strength iD tbe temperature
range of 1000 to 13SOF, and 1600 to 2000F wben uaed for
.,..,..,,.,, ST 1?50F . hr. OC 13.5 Cr
Rockwell Hardness C
short intervals. The austenitic structure aDd ooa.-
magnetlc properties do not change under any c0Ddltl0118 or ..... _, lA h 64hr 128 hr 3 Ti
heat treatments. The streq1 ol this alloy does nor: 1100 1 8 13 18 22
depend on cold work, but 1111 heat treating. This ~esults In 1200 18 27 29 32 34 l75 Mo
uniform properties throughout forging operati0118 at hlgb 1300 26 36 36 37 36
temperatures with blgh fonnablllty. 1400 34 34 34 33 32 1.6 Mn
1.01 Commercial Oes!gnatioo. W-545. r,
1500 26 22 22 17 -
"" !<TlQo;(\1'~
g, ""'
h. 00-
nil"' ,,..
13~1\1,_ 2ll h
W-545
1.02 Alternate Designation. None. I' 10 hr
n
20 h~ 50hr 100 hr -
1.03 SpecUicatlons . Table 1. 03.
l2llll 38 39 39 -
1.07 Fonna and Conditions Available. Table 1. 07.
TABLE .07
TABLE~ 1.03 S<rurce 15.n.t0\m
LAMS Ponn Mllltarv Alll>v Fe26NlJ3.S Cr3Ttl. 75Mo-1.6Mn
5543 Slleet, strip and plate
57418 Bars, forgings, forging stock
Fonn Size In - Weight
and heading stock Dla ThlckDest Lenm1 Width lb
Bar
Centrless~
1. 04 CD l/4toll/ . . - -
Composition. Table I. 04.
HT l/4to 4
. . - - -.
rARLE .04
Flat
Slleet -
1/16 to 2
. 72
- 4
36 -
<"-,UTrP AMSn\12\ tl' lfi (51_
Aate - 1/8 to3 - 18 -
Percent Percent Percent Percent
Strip, CR - O.OOS to """tlnu- :: 18
0.09
-
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Forgings, open die . - OWl
-
Aluminum - 0.25 - 0.35 0.05 0.35 0.25 Rougb turned . . .
3500
Boron 0.025 0.12 0.025 0.12 0.02! 0.12 O.O!!!i 0.120 bUlet :: 10
-
Carbon - 0.08 - 0.08 - 0.08 - 0.08 cloSed-die
.- - - . 750
Chromium 2.00 5.00 2.00 15.00 12.00 15.00 2.00 15.00 upset pancake - -
Copper
Manganese
0.25
1.25 2.00
-
1.25 2.00
- - -
1.25 2.00 1.25 2.00
0.25 Blllets 1 square or
. round
- 12 -
1000
-
Molybdenum 1.25 2.25 1.00 2.50 1.25 2.00 1.25 2.25 Approximately reprocess up to indicated thickness.
Nickel 24.00 ~8.00
SUicon 0.10 O.M
4.00 28.00
0.10 0.80
~4.00 lu-oo ~4.00 28.00
0.10 0~80 0.10 0.80 1.08 Melting and Caatlng Practice.
TitanJum 2.70 3.30 2.50 3.30 2.50 3.30 2.70 3.30 Con&UilJablc arc vacuum melted, (S, p.3).
- .
--
Phosphorus
-
O.OM
-
0.04 - 0.04 1. 09 Specinl Cooslderatlon a.
Sulfur
Iron
0.03
O.lance
0.03
Balance
-
Ralnne.-
0.03
2. !'HYSICAL AND CHI!MJCAL PROPERTIRS
2.01 Thermal Propertiea.
2.011 Melting range. Heating 2453 to 2530F
1.05 Heat Treatment. Cooling 2455 to 2498F, (5, p.3).
1.051 Solution treatment. 1900 to 2JOOP, 1 hr minimum, oil or 2.012 Phase changes.
water quench for bars, forglrws. forging stock and heading 2.0121 nmercmperature-transrormat1on diagrams.
stock (2) and 1875 to 1925F, I hr minimum per Inch of 2.013 Thermal conductivity. Fig. 2.013.
rhJckness, alrblast, oil or water quench lor sheet, strip 1.014 Thermal expanaloa. Fig. 2. 014.
and plate (1). 2.015 Spec:Uic heat. 0.115 Btu per0b P) from 32 to 212F, (5, p.3)
1.052 Precipitation bent treatment. 1300 to 1425F, holding lor (7).
5 hr minimum, cooling to 1185 to J2J5F. 20 hr minimum, 2.016 Thermal dUtuoivlty.
air cool (2).
1.053 All the aging treatments result In formation of fine partlc 2.02 Other ftlyslcal Properties.
!pate (gamma prime) In the austenite matrix. (S. p.J2). 2.021 Density. 0. 285 lb per cu ln. 7. 89 gr per cu em, (5, p. 3)(7).
2,022 l!lectrlcal properties. l!lectrleal resistivity, Fig. 2. 022.
1.06 Hardness. 2.023 Magnotlc properties. l!lfect of low temperature oo magnetic
1.061 EUeeiCii"heat treatment on Brlnell hardness, Table 1.061. properties ol. allor. Table 2.\123.
CODE 1609
PAGE
FeNC
FERROUS ALLOYS
I 1400
1600
0.40
1.80
2.10
3.40
--
3.035 Torsloo aod shear.
3.036 Bearing.
3.037 Stress cooceotratloa.
3.0371 Notch properties.
2.04 !ob:lear Properties. 7.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.038 Combined properties.
3. MBCHANICAL PROPERTIES
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties.
3.01 ~Mecbanlcal Properties.
3.041 Creep rupture curves at 1200 and 1300F lor bor, Fig. 3.041
.3.011 AMS specified properties, Table 3. 011. 3.042 Creep ruptUre cunea at 1000 to 1400F ror noc:chcd a~
unnocched bora, Fig. 3. 042.
Fatigue Properties.
I hr/ln or thick. All, WQ+1300toi425F, >Shr 3.051 S-N curves at room and elevated temperatures for smooth
OQorWQ -IU85ro1215F, >20hr, AC bor, Pig. 3.051.
F mlnl:ol - ISS
F
lU
maxksl
mln-tsl
115
-
-
120
3.06
3.061
Elastic Properties.
Polssoo's :ratio, Fig. 3.061.
3.062 Modulus of elaatlclr:y at room and elevated ~emperarurea,
c<7o)mlnperccnt
e{21n)m In percent
-20 12
- 3.063
Pig. 3.062.
Modulus of rigtdlty at room and elevated tempc:rarett.::s.
RA min-percent - 12
-
Pig. 3.063.
Hardness,
DHN min
-- 311
4. FABRICATION
max 375
RR max 94 - 4.01
:: 0. 25 In may be nlr cooled from solutJon heat treating temperature Formability
4.011 Forging cao be done In the temperature range from 1600
to 2000F (Initial forging operation lor large sections) and
3.02 Mecbanlcal Properties at Room Temperature. hoc forging Is recommended from 1800 to 2000F (final
3.021 Tension See 3. 031 operations and small s~tlonn), (6, p. II).
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams. See 3.03ll 4.012 Eft~t_allorglog temperature on forgeablllty of upset
3.0212 Typical room temperature terudle properties, Table 3.0212. rorglngs,Fig. 4,012.
4.013 Hoc rolling Is recommended In the above forging temp
TADLE 3.0212 crature, (6, p. II),
4.014 Forming. The alloy Is less susceptible to cracking nd
'"'Allov F<"26NlI3.5Cr3TII. 75MoL.6 Mn has better rormabUity than similar heat reslstlug alloys.
IDisk rorolrw I g,,.,.,~ k can readUy be rormcd into shapes in the solutlontreatcd
Form !lor"'"'"~
Temp F RT condltloo. Additional aglog Increases the strength level
F , typksl 175 167 175 with gond uniformity, (6, p. II).
Flu typkal 125 122 125
ty' 4.02 Machln,lng and Grinding
.....,
e{l. 41n), typperccnt 20 16 8
4.021 General. Standard high-speed steel, cast alloy cuttlng
RA, typpercent 36 20
HaniDt!RR RCrvn 34-37 35-36 tools and cemented carbide tools can be used lor all
machining operations In the salt solution treated or the
hard aged condition, while smooth finish can ""' obtained
3.0213 Effect of aging temperature on rcnaue propcnh:s of bar, In the fully heat treated condition, (6, p. II).
Fig. 3.0213. See 1.053. 4.022 C-2, C-5 ant C-6 tungsten c.arbklc cool have been
3.022 Compresalon. satisfactorily used in cutting operatloos, Table 4. 022.
3.0221 Stressattalu dlagrama.
3.023 hnpoct. See 3.033.
3.024 Bending.
3.0:5 Toralon and shear.
3. 026 Bearing.
CODE 1609
PAGE 2
FERROUS Ai.LOYS
52r-----~----~----~----,
Fe26NI-13. 5Cr3TII. 75Mol. 6Mn Fe
26 Ni
25 44 1---+--+ -::......."--t---1
~a:
13.5 Cr
3 Ti
4.03
4.031 0. 9Jeet material baa been aucceaafully Joloed ~ 36 1--7"'"---1---- , l-----1-----... -1
by fPDto seam aD1 IDert are welding. IDert are welding 1.75 Mo
ELECTRICAL
Ia tbe recommeuded practice for good quality welda.
1o addldoo. rods have been flash butt welded to steels ~
RESISTIVITY 1.6 Mn
tbe SAB 4130 type aD1 various ataloleaa grades, (5). 28L------L------~---~--~~ '-----------'
Q 400 80C )20() I 1600
4.032 Alloy abou1d be In the aoludoutreated coodltloo before W-545
welding Ia attempud, (5). TllMPP
4.033 After welding, the weldmeota should be aoludoo treated PIC. 2.0Z2 RLBCTRICAL RESISTIVITY
for bcmcgeolzadoo aod stress relief, aD1 followod by (S,p.3) (7)
aging for maximum atreugtb, (5).
14
Pe26NI13.5Cr3 TIJ. 75Mo1.6Mn
I
v
12
ii:'
...
(-o
/
g
a:
:5.
gj
10
/
v
...
(-o
~
8
/
v
6
/
nti!RMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Fe26Nl-13. 5Cr3TH. 75Mol.bMn
I I 0. 357 INDIA BAll.
400 200
0 BOO 1200 1600 2000F, 3HR WQ
TllMPF
FIG. 2.013 1 HERMAL CONDUCTIVITY r-
(5, p.3)(7) 160 FTU
II ;;;
~
...a: 120
-q..
~Tv
...
Ill
10 e TllMP, 2011R
2!: 0 TEMP, 20HR
a: 80 + 1200F, 20HR
...Ill
~ 40 RA
2!: 9 Ill
u
~ a:
g ... Ill
0
e
1325 1350 1375 1400
BOO AGJNJ TllMPF
400
TllMPF F:G. 3.0213 I!FFHCT OF AC'!:; TllM~ERATURE ON
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR
(5, p.3)(7) (S,p.B)
CODE 1609
PAGE 3
FERROUS ALLOYS
160
Fe26NIl3.5Cr-3TIl. 75Mo . 200 Fe-26NIl3.5Cr-3TIl . 75Mo1.6M
.... _.
Fe 1.6Mn
!f2 'lN DlA BAR SI"OCK
26 Ni 140
I-70F
~
1-- 800F
13.5 Cr ~IOOOF
1200F
3 Ti i-1300F
If
120 120
ST2000F, ,
1.75 Mo WQ (331BHN) + AGE
0 5r 1900F, 3HR,
1.6 Mn "NQ (352BHN) + AGE
100
5r 2000F, 3HR, WQ ~ 80
240
20 ..---~--...,.....-Fe---26-Nt--1-3.""5C=-r-""'3""TI---1."'75""M..,.o--.,...1.""6M,..,....,n
0
II 2. 70'X, Tl} BAR
0 3.30'X,TJ
1--~~..l------l------1-'. T\ 0. 050 IN SHEET
e
200
6 L) 5r 2000F, 30M IN, AC
0 0. 004 0. 008 ~- 012
+ 1350F, 20HR
5rRAININ PER IN
+ 1200F, 20HR !:1
FIG. 3.0311 5rRESS STRAIN CURVES ~--~--~~~~~~~(~2~~~T~O~----~I60 ~
AT ROOM AND ELEVATD IL
TEMPERATURES FOR BAR
(3)
160
120
lil 80
200
Fe-26NI-13.5Cr3TII. 75Mo-t.6Mn
j:
i.__ 1/2 IN DIA BAR 5r0CK
"'
160
r---k 40 0
' (!
--
FTU
lil 1 ...
:0.: 0
120
El!.POSURI
e 1/2 HR
FTY
1 120
0 500HR
80
40 ~
""
., tJ
80
~tJ "'
20 """'
"'
g}
1-.. e(l IN)
Vo 40
Q
0 800 1200 1600 0
TEMPF -400 0 1600 2000
TEMPF
FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF ROOM AND ELEVATED
T::MPERATURE AND EXPOSURE ON FIG. 3.11314 EFFECT OF !.OW AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR 5rOCK TITANIUM CONTBNT ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET
(3) AND BAR
(5, p. S) (6, p. 3)
CODE 1609
PAGE 4 .........
FERROUS ALLOYS
200
... , Fe-26NI-13.5Cr-3Tll. 75Mo-1.6Mn Fe
ISO LB COJIITOUR DISC
160
1.. FORGI~ 26 Ni
"'
lil FTU 13.5 Cr
:..:
120
80
FTY -rt 3
1.75 Mo
1.6
Ti
Mn
e W-545
~
Ill
TA~ENilAL
0 RADIAL
eNOTCHED
040 OUNNOTCHED
...ffi RA
~
20
.A. 0. 050 IN SHEET
2000F, 1/2 HR, AIR BLAST COOL
e(21n)
+ IJSOF, 20HR
~
0
+ 1200F, 20HR
0 800 400 1200 1600
TllMPF IOL-------L-------L-----~~~
I 10 100 1000
FIG. 3.0315 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE
AND DIRECTION ON TENSILE PROP- TIMEHR
ERTIES OF DISC FORGJ~ FIG. 3.042 CRBEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 1000 TO
(S,p.8)
1400F FOR NOTCHED AND UNNOTCHED
BARS
40 (S,p.6)
Fe-26Nll3. 5Cr-3Tl-l. 75Mo-1.6Mn
--r---
9/16 INDIA BAR
30
.?'
~ 20
1'-- v
t: IECHARPY V
10
ST 2000F, 3HR, WQ
+ 136SF, 20HR, AC
+ 1200F, 20HR, AC
0
-400 0 400 800 1200 1600
TllMPF
""
f+.i36SF, 20HR, AC
60
100 lf.I200F, 20HR, AC
1200F ~
- "\
80 -~
~300~ . ..:_ 40
---...,
40 ~--
~--
",~
0 FORGJ~S (4, p. 4)
--...:.....---
i' '
.........
20
1 =- Absolute temperature
\\
A DAR STOCK .........
20
6 .S%CREEP
10 100 1000 10
1 = Tlme-brj
32 36 40
1\
44 48
TIMEHR 3
T(20+ LOG t) x 10"
FIG. 3.041 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 1200
AND 1300F FOR BAR FIG. 3.043 MASTER CREEP RUPTURE CURVE-FOR DAR
(3,1. A.6.1.1)(5, p.S) (S,p.9)
CODE 1609
PAGE 5
FERROUS ALLOYS
200 32
Fe26N Pe26Ni-13.5 Cr-l. 75MoI.6Mn e26NI-13.5C r3TIl. 75Mol.tiM
Fe FORGINGS
(2.85\t; Ti)
26 Ni
28 ......
13.5 Cr . 100 .............
~
3 Ti _so ......
'[
"'
:.:
~
lc.-zr- E
1.75 Mo 60
1.6 Mn
40
"\
6. TAN3ENI'JAL !SOLD DISC 20 1\
W-545 0 RADIAL
A WEB
(2.27% Tl) \
e PERIPHERY )' IOOLBDISC
oHuo (2.85\t; Ti) 16
20
10 100 1000 0 BOO 1200
TIMEHR TEMPP
FIG. 3. 044 CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 1200 AND I'IG. 3.062 MOOUWS OF ELASTICITY AT
1300F FOR DISC FORGIN3S ROCM Al'l> ELEVATED TEM
(5, p. 8)(b) PERATURES
(4,p.3)
100
F 26NI.-'3,oGr-iiTH.75Mo~.oMn
7/8 INDIA BAR
2000F, 3HR, WQ
+ 1375 F, 20HR
80 ~F 20HR,A C-
~..... RT
......, ~ 1200F
1300F
2.70\t;T
0
80 400
-
BOO
=b:- RT
1200F TEMPF
1200 1600
--v
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.051 SNCURVI!S AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES FOR ~100111 BAR
(S,p.4) f- ..!..
Note:
Reverse stress cycle with zero mean stress. oi.OINDIA
l!lcctromagne tlc bending machine. l UFSET FO GilD
0.30 1-3tN-l I I
Fe26Nl13.5 Cr3TlJ. 75MoI.6Mn
1700 1900 2100 2300
~- FORGII'.G TEMP F
v
0.28 FIG. 4.012 I!FFECT OF FORGII'l:; TEMPERATURE
ON FORGEABILITY OF UPSET FORGINGS
0.26
,-- (5, p.ll)
Steam board drop hammer single blows 1300 lb,
13ft/sec
RI!FERI!NCES
1. 03 Specifications
None
4.03 Welding
4,031 The alloy can be welded by the shielded metal-are process
using Inconel Welding Electrode 112 or lnco-Weld A
Electrode. It Is welded by the gas tangsten-a re process
using Inconel Filler Metal B2 or lnconel Filler Metal 625.
~ 9 ~-----+~~--~~----~-----+------1
::s
~
"'
p. B 1--.J-- +- FROM
ROOM TEMPERA TURE
2!1
TO
'f;: TEMPERA TURE INDICATED
71--- -i--
TEMP- F
Fe-.35C-33Ni-21Cr-. 75Ti-.60Al Fe
.35 c
33. Ni
21. Cr
.75 Ti
.60 AI
Inco loy
Alloy 802
0
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.031 TENSILE PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
(1)
100
Fu-. 3bC _,3NI-21Cr-. 75TI-. GOAl ,.:
80
60
40 t---
---
~ 1~
1-- -.;._
!GOOF
-
6 --., _.. /
4
-~---- ~F
1
10 50 100 500 1000 5000 10000
TIME- HOURS
Fe
.35 c
33. Ni
21 Cr
.75 Ti
.60 AI
I nco loy
Alloy 802
:Jo
29
28
.... Fe-.35C-33NI-21Cr-. 75TI-.GOAI -
26
""" "'-~
25
""
~
"'::;
24
23
22
21
DYNAMIC
' "'
'.
\..
-
-
2{)
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
TEMP-I'
RP.forcnces
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIBS
I. GENERAL AI
This non -heat treated aluminum casting alloy contains a
3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties
qusntlty of hardeners, particularly copper and magnesium.
3. on AMS specified mechanical properties, Table 3. 011.
8 Cu
It possesses, therefore, high tensile and fatigue properties
at elevated temperatures and these are superior to those 6 Mg
or any other aluminum casting alloy at temperatures from TABLE 3 Oll
400 to 600 F. It Is a vallable in the form of sand and per- Source AMS I 0.5 Mn
manent mold castings and it possesses goad casting char- A-140 Ni
A.llov
Sand castings
0.5
acteristics, (3). Form
Condition As cast CF
1.01 Commercial Designation. A 140. Soeclmen Cast test bars castitul&* Al40
ITemp - F RT 400 !12 hr RT
L 02 Alternate Designations. None. F~, min - k.sl 29 27 21.75
Fty min - );J~i - 24 -
I. 03 Specifications. Table 1. 03. Hardness
BHN(SOOkg,
TABLE 1.03
10 mm), min - - 80
Aluminum Balance _A _R 10
5 106 107 JoB SxloS
Alloy contains small quantities of boron for grain refinement RT Rot beam -1 Z9 Z3 !9 18 17.5
and beryllium for oxidation resistance, (3). 300 Rot-Load
"' 19 14.5 13 12.5 12.5
400 Rot-Load 17.5 13 11 10 5 10.5
500 Rot-Load 16 ll 5 9 8.5 8.5
600 Rot-Load 14 !15 7 5. 5 5
1. OS Heat Treatment. Alloy Is not used In heat treated condi-
tions,
1.06 Hardenablllty. This alloy Is not subjected to a solution 3.06 Elastic Properties
heat treatment. 3.061 Modulus of elasticity, 11,100 ksi, (3).
14
AI Al-8Cu-6MgO. SMnO. SNI
8 Cu
6 Mg /
0.5 Mn
/MBAN COBP LINEAR
0.5 Ni J THBRMAL BXPANSION _
PROM RT TO TBMP
INDICATBO
Al40
11
0 200 400 600 800
TBMP P
PIG. 2. 014 THBRMAL BXPANSION
(3)
~--~~=-~~~~~~
r:
l1o
~~---120
FIG. 3, 03l EFFECT OF BXPOSURB AND TEST I AMS 4227 A (June 15, 1959)
2 Alcoa Research Laboratories, "Data Sheet", (Aug. 29, 1957)
TBMPBRATURE ON TBNSILE PROP-
3 Lemon, R. c. and Sicha, W. E;, "New Aluminum Casting
ERTIBS OF SAND CAST TBST BARS
Alloy X 140 for Elevated Temperature Applications", Amer-
(2) Ican Foundrymcn's Soclcry, (May 7, 1956)
~
"'"
3101
AIC
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
--
--
perties, Tab:e 3,011.
Zinc 0,30 0,30
Tltaolum 0,20 0.20 3,02 Mech~lcal Properties at Room Tempemture
Other Impurities
-- 3,021
--
Typical mechlnlcal properties or cast test bus, Tab!e
each 0,05 - 3.021.
total 0,15 0,30 3,022 Effect of diameter of cylindrical castings on tensUe pro-
Aluminum Balance RolAn~~
perties of specimen machined from 195 - T6 sand castings,
Table 3,022,
3,023 Typical tensUe properties of specimen cut from 195 - T6
sand castings or different thickness, Table 3, 023,
TARI .... n
AI AMS (I) AMS (2)
~
Fbry
(e/0 = 2)
mln-kal
6l(b) - 67(b) - 76 61 59(b) - 63(b) - 59
(e/0 = 2)
Hardnea a, BHN
26(b) - 40(b) - 56 (b) 32 27(b) - 40(b) - 29(b)
."
400P
f'
P1G. 2. 014 TiiERMAL EXPANSION
8 --RUPTIJRB '
(6, p.205) ~ 6 ---1-SI\CREBP
- - 0. 5% CREBP
---0.2% CREBP
4
40
20
r---- - I::: ~
300 p
--- ...
"
1------
10
1.0 10 100 1000
TIMB- HR
iii
).'<
30 20
u.
~
40
iii
~20 10
>- 30
u.
1- o.._ iii
:.t
10 0
20
~">
0 (8)
0
~ 10
~40 <Zl
<Zl u
u c:
c: "'
0..
"'
0..
0
0
1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
0 400200 600 808 POURING TBMP - F
TEMP- P
FIG. 4.012 EFFECT OF POURING TEMPERATURE
FIG. 3. 0311 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SAND
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROP- CAST TEST BARS IN T4 AND T6 CONDI-
ERTIF.S OF CAST TEST BARS IN T4 TIONS
AND T6 CONDn"IONS
(6, p. 200-201) (8, p.104) (9, p. 7)
AIC
NON"FERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
REFERENCES
AI I AMS 4230 C. (Aug. IS, 19S8)
4.5 Cu 2 AMS 4231 C, Qune IS, 19S9)
3 AMS 4282 E, Oune IS, 19S9)
+ Si 4 AMS 4283 D, Qune IS, 19S9)
1------...JS Alcoa Structural Handbook, (1958)
Alcoa Alwninum Handbook, (19S9)
195, 8195 ~ Metals Handbook Supplement, (19S5)
8 Reynolds Metals Co., "The Aluminum Data Book, Alwni-
uilm Alloys and Mill Products", (19S8)
9 Van Horn, Kent R. and Heath, Howard J., "Quallty Control
of Aluminwn Alloy Aircraft Castings", Transactions of
Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 33, p. 4i2, (1938)
10 Alcoa llesearch Laboratories, "Mechanical Properties at
Various Tempetatures - 195-T6", (Sept. 16, 1958)
AIC
REVISE() MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
3, MECHANICAL PROPBRTIBS
Source-
-
TAB' B I 04
AMS IJ 'T'ART.R 3 n11
Percent
Min Max AMS (I)
Source Alcoa(2, D. 6lil
copper - 0.2 Allov 22n
Magnesium 9.5 10.6 Form Sand r.asttn""'
Manganese - 0.1 j.f&d!rlnn ~
---
Iron 0.3 I So.:o;tmen tvoe I r.nor tesr bo. rs llTn~ r"""M Avv; a
Sill con 0.2 Fru. min - ksl 42 31.5
Zinc 0.1 - ksl 22 16,5
Titanium - 0.2
Ffl' min
e( In). min -percent 12 -
Other Impurities
-- o.os
e(4 0), min -percent - 3
each Fey min ksl 23 (b) -
---
total 0.15 Fsu min - kat 30 (b)
Aluminum Balance Fbru min-ks! (e/0=2) 88 (b}
Fbrv. min-ks! (e/0=2) 44 (b)
1. OS Heat Trearment. (a) A;erage values for at least .4, preferably 10 specimens
LOS! Anneal or stress relief for dimensional staLlllty. 650 to (b) Alcoa only
750 F, 2 hr.
1.052 Solution tre:!t, 800 to 820 F, 12 to 24ltr, quench In water 3, 02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature. See 3, 03
at lSO to 2!2 F. 2i2 F preler~ed. (R, p. H9). also.
3, 021 Typical mechanlcal properties, Table 3, 021.
1.06 Hardenablllty. This alloy doe~ not possess any apprec!sble TABLB 3 Oll
Source 3, D, !97)
capacity for hardening by heat tteatlng.
Alloy - 220
L 07 Fc;rms and Conditions Avallable !Form Sand eastinv
L 071 Alloy Is avallable only In form of comparatively simple ~and I condition T4
I. <PZ
castings.
It Is supplied onl> ln theT4 Condition.
Ftu, typ
F~, typ
- .;:sl
- ksl
48
26
e( In), typ - sw.rcer1t 16
L 08 Melting and Castbg Pra.ctlce, Althou;,h normal aluminum Fey, typ - ksl 27
alloy melting pructlces are used, IIJis alloy needs spec!sl Fsu typ - ksl 34
measures to Insure freedom from co:~tamlnatlons and Hardness BHN 75
dross.
'" ' :
impai:'s the uUoy's ductility and conoslon r slstance. F
e('21n)
- ksl 26,6
- percent 7,3
25.8 24.6
5.0 6, 7
24.7
4. s
24.3 23.8
6.1 5.0
Thertnal c<>nd.1ctivlty, 5 I Btu 't ~er (hr sq ft Fl e~ i!T 11 p. 203).
' ',,'fi ~ \ ~~ .-.,:
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REV ISED MARCH 1963
~
SAND CASTINGS
.
TAill...B 3 0"3 ~
1--,./
220
Saarc e
I.Utov
Condi tion
4, p.57)
220 1/G'
/
BAN COli:'
--
T4
Form
I
- 1496 328
/
~=~In)
ksl 31.9 32.4 ~;. s FROM RTTO
- lcsl 25.1 25.6 25.1
30.5
24.4 TBMP oo;>lCATBD
- perce nt 6.7 6.6 6.4
-1 5.9 12
-:<oo 0 200 400 600
3.024 Bffec t of expos ure to elevat ed tempe . 'rnM P-F
rature s on tensil e
prope rties of sand ca"t test bars In FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION
T4 Condi tion, Fig.
3.024 .
(3, p. ~05)
3.03 Meclu.n..cal Pl:opc rtles at Vario us Temp
3.031 eratur es
Shorr time tensio n prope rties
3.031 1 Bi'iect of ""P'u r<: aU<i test tempe rature
on tensil e prope r-
t<es of sand cast test bars In T4 Condi
tion, Fig. 3. 0311.
3.032 Short time prope rties odler than tensio
3.033 n
Static stress conce ntratio n effect s
;
techni ques.
4.034 Press ure welding Is not recom mend
4.035 ed.
Brazin g of the alloy is not possib le but
solde ring can be
done using specia l techni ques.
400 6:JO 800
4.04 Heatin g and Heal Treat ing. No specia
l preca utions are TBMP - F
neede d In heat treati ng this alloy.
FIG. 3. 024 EFFE CT OF EXPOSURE
TO ELEV ATED
TEMP ERAT URES ON TENS ILE PROP
ERTIES
OF SANlJ CAST TEST BARS IN T4
CONDITION
(5)
CODE 3103
AIC
REV I SED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
\.,..__...'
Al-IOMg
SAND CAST TEST
BARS
~----~~.-+---~T~4~C~O~ND~~ 40
220
~
Llol~~-~----.J 20 11.
-20~----~~~--
g,j
~
11. 10 ~----4---.-j..:~,----,
BXPOSURB
0 1/2 HR
0 IOOHR
.& 1000 HR
0
~40
i 0
0 200 400 600 800
TBMP- F
FIG. 3. 0311 BFFBCT OF BXPOSURB AND TEST
TBMPBRATURB ON TBNSILB FROPBRTIBS
OF SAND CAST TBST BARH IN T4 CONDITION
(5)
REFERENCES
CODE :.::\10:.::\
Alv
I
....
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
each
toral
-- 0.05
0.15
-- 0.05 0.15
Aluminum Balance Balance
-- - --
- - - - --
- -
-- -
---
e( in), min - percent 2 I. 5
e(4D), min- percent - -
0.5
-
- - 0.25 - - 0.4 -
--
Fey min - icsi 18(b) - 21(b) 33 34 23(b)
'- 22 23(b) 37 27 27
Fsu min
Hardness, BHN
- lcsi 19(b) - 24(b) -
28 25 21 (b) 22 26(b) 34 27 26 -
(500 kg, IOmm)
-- - -- - -- -- - --
-- --
min 55 65 65 80 70
max - 95 -
(a) Average values for at least 4, preferably 10, specimem
- 86 - 110 95
3.012 Producers' minimum mecbanical properties fo:- C 355, 3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature
Table 3. 012. 3.021 Typical mechanical properties of cast rest bars, Table
3.021.
TABLE 3 012
l~nurrP 64\MI .16\ TABLE 3 021
llnv r.355 Source 8 o.!97)(9, o.l98
ll'nrm Permanent mold cnstimzs Allov 355 IC355
lr:nndltln~ T61 Form Sand castiiU!S Perm mold castitlfl8
Specimen From ~~~stings Soecimen t'VDe ast test brs
Tvne (a) (c) Condition T51 T6 T7IT7t T51 T6 T62 T71 T61
Fw. min -ksi 37 41 44 Fru. typ -
icsi 28 35 38 T35 30 42 45 36 46
F~, min
~ in), min
-ksi
-ksi
30
I
31
3
33
3
Fty. typ -
icsi
e(2 in), typ -percent
23 25 36 29 24
1.5 3 0.5 1.5
27 40
2 4.0 1.5
31 34
3 6
--
~~f.: min
min
-ksi 30 - Fey. typ -
icsi 24 26 38 30 24 27 40 31 36
-
--
-ki 26 Fsu. typ icsi 22 28 28 26 24 34 36 27 32
(a) Individually cast specimens. Hardness .. BHN 65 80 85 75 75 90 105 85 100
(b) Cut from designs ted location in casting.
(c) Must be negotiated with foundry.
3,013 MIL-C-2ll80 (ASG) specified tensile properties of spec!- 3,022 Effect of diameter o! cylindrical sand castings on tensile
men cut from castings, Table 3. 013. properties of specimen machined from the castings, Table
3.022.
TABLB 3 013
Source Utt IM TABLE 3 022
IAlloy 355c Source 9, p.58)
Form Special mold, perm mold or Alloy 355
sand castings Form Sand cast cvllndrlcal bar
on on T I ICondition T51 6
Section Testba
Specimen location Designated Any 3/4 1/4 3,'4 ~1/4 Testba 3/4 1/4 13,'4 1/4
in casting thickness-in 0.505 0.505
Class I n III X XI XII Fru - ksi 34.8 29.0 26.9 3.2 21.3 27.1 27.3 122-0 19.1 18.1
Fru. min - icsi 41 44 50 41 37 35 Fty - icsl 23.4 3,0 22,2 20.8 20.8 - 24.6 ~0.3 18.8 17.7
Fty min - icsi 31 33 40 31
3
30
1
28 i!:.- percent 3. 3 1.7 1.0 l.Q 1.0 I. 3 1.0 1.0 -1.0
e, min .. percent 3 3 5 1
Obtainable only in a favorable casting configuration and must be 3.023 'IYpical tensile properties of specimen cut from 355 Tb
negotiated with the foundry. sand castings of different thickness, Table 3. 023.
3.014 AM5 specified tensile properties for C355, Table 3.014. TABLB 3 023
TABLE 3 u14 Source 9 n;57
source AMS I Aliov 355
Aliov AI -5Si- . 3r.u-O. 5M~r Form Sand CIIStinV!I
--
Specimen type a\ (b) Fru icsi 36.5 36.0 36.0 35. < I 33.o
Ftu
F~,
min
min
-ksi
-ksi
35
28
37
30 :tro> ki
- perrent
26.0
4.5
25.75
4.0
25.5
4.0
25.0
3. 5
2~-~I
.. ' -.
~ in) min-percent 2 I
(a) Specimen cut from any area of casting. 3.024 'IYpical tensile properties of specimen cut from premium
(b) Cast specimen. strength structural castings, Table 3. 024.
CODE 3104 I
AIC
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
4. FABRICATION
AIC
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
/0
14
AI Al-SSI-1. 3Cu-O. 5Mjt A1-SSI-I. 3Cu-O. 5Mg
SAND CAST TBST BARS
5 Si
"'IE"' 1s
eOYA 171 COND
~ 17 COND
1.3
0.5
Cu
Mg i!i
m
L----~ i!:j12 /
v
355, C355'f
2
/
v MEAN COBF UNBAR
TIIBRMAL EXPANSION
rr.~~~~::;Jg TBM~
II -200 0 200 400 600 800 I
~400L_.~_=2Loo~::~o~lc;2~oo~~~~~~~---J8oo
TEMP - F
FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 355 CAST TEST BARS IN 17
AND 171 CONDITIONS (11)(13, p.105, 109)
10 0
EXPOSURE
1/2 HR}
0 100 HR (12)
O A IOOOHR
.... 10000 HR (13)
800
acu-o.
5Mg (C 355)
60 50
Al-5SI-l. JCuU. 5Mg AI
AISSI-1. _ _!_RUPTURE
SAND C~ST TEST BARS
5 Si
'
CAST TBST BARS
40 ---1% } T71COND-
T61COND
t---.._ 50
---0.5% CREEP
1.3 Cu
-----0.2%
~ Fro
~ 30
212 F
0.5 Mg
~
~ 1-- _--;;;
\~
~ t;.---
--- --== 355, C355
---
20
r--. -- ---::::-
------: ~p
20
1\, l
10
10 100 1000
I0 'fn.1E HR
FIG. 3.042 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT
'-'--- ~\' -
212 TO 400 F FOR 355 SAND CAST TEST
~ BARS IN T71 CONDITION
p~ 0
(II)
30
ELEVATED TEMP
FTY
HXPOSURE
e112 HR
0100 HR
\b
:6. IOOOHR \
10
K\
0
~
~
l(.o
e(2 IN)
.Atr. . ~
0
400 -200 0 200 400 600
TEMP F
FIG. 3, 0313 EFFBCT OF BXPOSORE AND TBST TEMPERATURE
ON C 355 SAND CAST TEST BARS IN T61 CONDITION
(10, p. B)
20
i!l5SII. JCu-0, 5Mg
__I_ RUn-uiE
SAND CAST TEST BARS
---1% } T51 COlD
- - - 0.5% CREBP
------ 0. 2% 400F
10
8
6
~-
1- --
HEATBD 100 DAYS AT
--..:: ...--:::::-::---
--~ ,... --
.........
.
...........
400 F BEFORB TEST
4
_ -- ~
~t=.:-:._--- 600 F
__-...
...
2
~
-- ---
-- ~
HEATED 41'1JAYS
AT 600 F BTORE TEST - 400F
I%.~----~~----~1~0------~100~----~1000
1.0 10 100 1000
TIME HR TIMB- HR
FIG. 3, 043 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 300 TO
FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT 500 F FOR C 355 PERMANENT MOLD TEST BARS
400 AND 600 FOR 355 SAND CAST TEST BARS
(10, p.B)
IN T51 CONDITION
(12)
r-.. - - - -.....
AIC
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
AI 60~------~------r--~~-~~I-~1.~3C~u~~.5~Mg~
TBSTBARS
5 Si --SAND CAST
- - PBRM MOLD CAST
1.3 Cu T71COND
0.5 Mg
355, C355
T-TBMP, P
t TIMB, HR
uL-------~~6-------2~o------~2~5------~u
10
a.arBBAM
0
I02
NOOP CYCLBS
PIG. 3.052 SCATTBRI'ANDS POR PATIGUB STRBNGTH OP
HBAT TRBATBD CAST ALLOY TBST BARS REFERENCES
(9, p. 59)
I AMS 4210 F, (Jon. 15, 1959)
2 AMS 4212 E. (Jan. IS, 1959)
3 AMS 4214 0, (Jan. 15, 1959)
4 AMS 4280 E. (Jan. IS, 1959)
5 AMS 4281 C, (Jan. 15, 1959)
~ Ur-~------~----~------~----~~~--,
6 MILC-21180 A (ASG)
12 7 Alcoo Structural Handbook, (1958)
8 Alcoo Aluminum Handbook, (1959)
~
8 9 Metals Handbook Supplement, (1955)
10 Alumlr.um Co. of America, Sale_ .)evelopment Division,
0 "Premium Strength Structural Cabtlngs", (Jan. 21, 1959)
II Alcoo Research Laboratories, "[.;~:a Sheet", (Sept. 9,1957)
TABLE 1 062
TABLE 1.03 Source (27) (31) T (8)
Similar Specification IAlloy Form Ttarilness, BHN (500 kg, lOmm ball)
AMS Allov Furm
42170
4260B
356-T6
356-T6
I
Castings, sand
Castings, Investment
QQ-A-601, Class 3M 356-T51
356-T71
Sand Cast
Sand Cast
60
-
60
-
60
60
1
356-T5l Castings, Investment 356-T6 Sand Cast 70 70 70
4261
356-T6 Castings, permanent mold QQ-A-596, Class B 356-T7 Sand Cast 75 - 75
42840
356-T6 Castings, centrifugal 356-T6 PM Cast* 80 - 80
4285
4286A 356-T51 CasUnl!s oermanent mold 356-T7
A356-T61
PM Cast
PM Cast
70
90 80
- 70
90
4218B A35G Castings, premium grade MIL-A-21180B
* PM - Permanent mold
Mllitarv or Federal specification. ** Hardness values determined from standard 1/2 inch diameter
test specimens, individually cast In green sand or permanent
molds.
~it:mlum
pther imJmriticM
0.20 - 0.20 A356 Sand Cast
Permanent Mold
T6
T6, T61
each - 0.05 - 0.05
total - O.i5 - 0.15
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
\luml:uum Balance Balance
1.081 The 356 alloy can be melted and cast using conventional
aluminum alloy pracllces without any special cnnsldcru-
tions.
1.082 Premi1Jm quality castings of the A356 alloy are l,'ll:tran-
1.05 llea.t Treatment tced t.-. meet a specified high level of mechanical prop-
1.051 Anneal (stress relieve) for dimensional stabii!Ly. 650F, erties as measured by uslnglcsl bars cut !rom specllied
2 hours, air cool (17). locations w!Lhin the heal ;.Teated casting (24). To obtain
1.052 Solution treatment and artificial al(ing, Table 1. 052. these superior properties, Improved casting techniques
Allv
2.012
A356 alloy 1035 to l130F (17).
Phase changes. Alloy~ are subject to preclpltatloa.
-
120
2.Gx 1~21 32.4 45.0 24.1
2.04 x 1019 33.1 36.7 26.0
36.0
29.1
2.7
4.0
1.5
6.0
2.0121 Tlme-temperature-tr ansformatlon diagrams, 120 1.22 x 1o2o 33.1 42.0 26.0 33.5 4.0 6.0
2.013 Thermal conductivity, Table 2.013. 120 s.s9 x 1020 33.1 45.1 26.0 42.5 4.0 6.0
120 9. 84 x 102 33.1 54.4 26.0 52.1 4.0 3.0
TABLE 2 013 * Fast neutrons.
Source (17) (27) A - Not Irradiated
I AllOy Conatuon Thermal conductivity at Room B - lrradlatod
TemperatureBtu ft per(hr sq ft F)
356 TSl 97 2.042 Comparison of mechanical properties before and after
T6 87 nuclear radiation at -420F, Table 2. 042.
T6* 92 TABLE 2 042
T7 90 Source (30)
A356 T6 87 oy A356-T6 Cast Plate
* ChU cast samples - all other samples cast In Test Pre and Post Irradiation Data at -420 F
green sand molds. Specimen Irradiate
Type Control (average) Percent
2.014 Property (b) (average) (n) Change Change
Thermal expansion, Figure 2.014.
2.015 Specific heat, 0. 23 Btu per (lb F) at 212F (18). Ftu -ksl L 44.7 52.8 + 8.1 +18 (c)
2.016 Thermal dlffusivlty. Fty -ksl L 31.0 42.8 +11.8 +38 (c)
e -percent L 1.5 1.4 - 0,1 - 7
2.02 Other Physical Properties_ RA -pcrccilt L 2.8 0,8 - 2.0 -72 (c)
2.o:n Density, 0.097 lb per cu In; 2.68 gr per cu em (17). Feu -ksl L 50.4 45.6 - 4.8 -10 (c)
;..022 Electrical properties. Notch Strength - ksl L 39.7 43.2 + 3.5 + 9
2.0221 Electrical resistivity, Table 2.0221. CKt =6.3)
Notch/Unnotch
TABLE 2 0221
Source (18, p, 957)
Strength ratio (d) L 0.89 0.82 - -
Condltl<>n Uoctrlca.l Reslstl~lty at Room (a) frradlated at 5 x 1Ql6 nvl (E>1, 0 Mev) In llquld hydrogen.
Temperature; Mic.rohm Inch (b) L =longitudinal specimen
T51 1.60 (c) Statistically slgnlflcwtt change; probablllty>Q. 90.
T6 1.74 (d) Notch specimen gcometcy:
T7 1.70 Width= 1.0
Notch Radius = 0. 005
2.0222 Electrical conductivity (percent o{ lACS) Notch Depth =30 percent
356-T51 43 Notch Angle = 60 degrees
356-T6 39 Thickness= 0,063
356-T7 40
A356-T6 40 (17). 2.043 Effect of nuclear radlstlon at -420F on stress-strain
2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloys are nonmagnetic. curves of plate (typical), Figure 2.043.
2.0~-1 Emittance, 0.035 to 0.07 at 77F In air (18). 2.044 Effect of neutron radiation on tensile properties of.
2.G25 Da.molng cana..citv. A ... I"',_ ---~-- "'""-L- - '"'
AIC
REVISED: DECEMBER ;959 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
TABLE .
2 044
3.014 MllrA-21180B specified tenslle properties for speci-
Source (35)
mens cut from castings of A356, Tahle 3. 014. AI
Alloy A356
Irradiation Test Fast Neutron t"tu t"ty e ~~
lncnes)
TemperaturE Temp Flux ksi ksl percent
TABLE 3 014 7 Si
Source MllrA-21180B (6)
F F (n cm-2)* A B A B A B 'Alloy A356 0.3 Mg
120 RT 2.0 X 1019 33.1 36.7 26 29.1 4 6 Form Special Mold, Permanent Mold, or
120 RT 1.2 x 1o2o 33.1 42.0 26 33.5 4 6 Sand Mold With Chills
120 RT s.s x 1ozo 33.1 45.9 26 42.'1 4 6 Condition T61
120 RT 9.8 x 1o2o 33.1 54.4 26 52.1 4 3 Location in Casting Deslgnatea Area Any Area
Energy greater than 1. 0 MeV Class 1 2 a 10 11 12 356,A356
A not irradlD.ted Ftu, minimum - KSi 38.0 40.0 45.0 38.0 33.0 32.0
B Irradiated Fty, minimum- ksl 28.0 30.0 34.0 28.0 27.0 22.0
e, minimum - percent 5.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 3.0 2.0
Obtainable only in favorable casting configurations and must
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
be negotiated with the foundry.
3. 01 Specified Mechanical Pro;:>erties
3. 011 AMS and producer's specified 11'echanical properties
for 356 alloy, Tahle 3.011.
TABLE 3 011
Source (7,p.62) (7, p. G2) (1) (7,p.62) (5) (7. p. 65) (3) b.p.65) _12) /4)
Alloy 356
investment and
Form Sand Castings Permanent Mold Cas~s Centrifusml Castln~~:s
Condition T51 T6 T7 T71 T51 T6 T7 T6
Cast Cast From Cast From Cast From Cast Cast From
Specimen Test Test Castings Cast Test Test Castings Test Castings Test Test Castings
Bars Bars Average* Bars Bars Average* Bars Average Bars Bars Average
Ftu min -ksl 23 30 22.5 31 25 25 18.8 33 24.75 29 33 24.75
Fty, min -ksl 16 20 15.0 26 18 - - 22 16.5 21 22 16.5
-- --
--- -
e(2 In), mln- percent 3 - 3 - 3 - 4 3
c(4 D), min- percent - 0.7 - - - 0.7 - - 0.7
Fey min -ksl 17 20 --27 19 - 22 - 21 - -
-- -- --
Fsu mln -ksl 17 25 21 17 25 22 - -
Fbr , min
tefn = 2.0)
-ksl 48 63 - 65 52 59 52 - -
F~ , min
r/n = 2.0)
-ksl 32 40 - 52 36 - - 40 - 38 - -
Hardness, BHN
(500 kg, 10 mm)
min - - 65.0 - - - 65.0 - 65.0 - - 65.0
max - - 95.0
Average values for at least 4, preferably 10, specimens.
- - - - - 95.0 - - 95.0
TABLE 3 0213
Source (9, p. 58)
AI jAU_oy 356
Form Sand Cast
7 Si Condition T51 T6
Section Thickness-Inches Test Bar 0.505 3/4 1 .V4 1 3/4 Test Bar 0 .505 3/4 1 1/4 l 3/4 21/4
0.3 Mg -ksi 27.2 21.9 17.15 14.4 34.1 28.3 23.0 19.4 15.1
Ftu
Fty -ksi - 16.7 13.45 12.7
1.2
24.3
4.6
23.0
2.0
22.5
1.0
-
0.7
-
0.5
e -percent 1.6 1.5 1.3
356, A356 a.o214 Typical tensile properties of specimens cut from 356-
T6 sand and permanent mold cRStlngs of different thick-
ness, Table 3. 0214.
TABLE 3.0214
I !;Duree (9, p. 57)
Alloy 356
Form Sand Cast I Permanent Mo d Cast
Condition T6
Section thickness-inches <1/8 va \o l/4 1/4 to 1/2 1/2 to 3/4 3/4 to 1.0 c:: 1/8 1/8 to 1/4 1/4 to 1/2 1/2 to 3/4 3/4 to 1.0 1.0 to 1.5
-ksi 37.0 35.5 34.0 32.5 31.0 43.0 42.0 40.0 37.0 37 .o 36.0
Ftu
-ksi 25.5 24.5 23.5 22.5 21.5 31.0 30.0 30.0 29.0 28.0 28.0
Fty
e(4D) -percent 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 - - - - - -
e(2 inches) -percent - - - - - 6.0 5.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 1.25
TABLE 3 0219
Source (29)
Condition T6
Section
Typical tensile properties of specimens cut from pre- Thickness Test Data 356 A356
3.0215
mium strength A356 castings, Table 3. 0215. (inches) (0.34 Fe) (0.18 Fe)
11/4 Ftu -ksi 2.14 32.99
Fty -ksi 20.52 25.71
e -percent 4.0 4.4
TABLE 3. 0215 -ksi 28.HO 34.11
3/4 Ftu
Source (14, p. 4) -ksi 21.37 26.85
A356 Fty
1 Alloy e -percent 4.0 5.1
Form Prem urn ::>trengtll Castings
T61 3/8 Ftu -ksi 30.64 35.3~
Condition
Specimen Type !'rom Castings Fty -ksi 22.11 26.91
__@)_ _{a) (b) c -percent 4.0 5.6
Ftu -ksi 41 43 45
Fty -ksi 31 33 35
c -percent 8 9 G 3.022 Compression (see Tables 3.9212, 3.011 and 3.012).
(a) Produced in either all or part of castings. a.0221 Stress-strain diagrams.
(b) Must be ucgotlated with foundry. 3.023 impact (sec Table 3. 0218).
3.024 Bending.
3.025 Torsion and shear (see Tables 3.0212, 3.0ll and 3.012~
3.026 Bearing (sec Table 3. 011).
3.0216 Effect of exposure to elevated temperature on tensile 3.027 Stress concentration.
properties of sand cast test bill"S in T51 condition, 3. 0271 Notch properties (sec Tables 2.042 and 3.0218).
Figure 3.0216. 3.0272 Fracture toughness.
3.0217 Effect of exposure to elevated temperature on tensile 3.028 Combined properties.
properties of sv.nd cast test bars in T7 condition,
Figure 3. 0217. 3.03 ~"~hnnlcal Properties at Vnrlous Temperatures
3.0218 Effect of iron content on properties of A356-T6 sand 3.031 Tension.
castings, Table 3. 0218. 3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams.
3.0312 Effect of exposure and test temperature on tensile
TABLE 3 0218 properticr. of sand ca.t test bare in T51 condition,
Source (28) Figure 3. 0312.
Alloy A356-T6 3.0313 Effect of exposure and test temperature on tensile prop-
Type &na Castings (without chills) erties of sand cast test bars in T6 condition, Figure
Notch to 3.0313.
Iron Room Tempernlure Chnrpy- V impact Unnotehed 3.0314 Effect of exposure and test temperature on tensile prop-
Content Tunsile (a) (ft-lbs) ~ength erties or sand cast test bars in '!7 Condition, Figure
percent Ftu Fty e(2incnes) jRiltiO 3.0314.
ksi ksi percent 75F -320F -.;:;oF (-320F) 3.03:!r, Effect of exposure and test temperature on te11sile prop-
(b) e..""ties of A356 permanent mold cast test bars in T61
0.13 37.3 24.4 7.5 2.8 2.0 2.4 1.14 condition, Figure 3.0315.
0.01 37.4 23.5 12.4 5.0 5.0 5.2 1.22 3. 0316 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of per-
(a) Machined cast test bars. manent mold castings in T6 and T7 conditions, Figure
(b) Kt = 6 for notched tensile samples. 3.0316.
3.0317 Effect of test temporabU"e on tensile properties of
sand castings in T6 and T7 conditions, Figure 3.0317.
3.0318 Effect of low temperatures on tensile properties of T6
,..., "'
REVISED: DECEMBER 1969 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
3.034 Bending. for this purpose. Solid fluxes are introduced lDto the
3.035 Torsion and shear. melt to form a &as or llquld protective coatlDg on top AI
3.036 Bearing. of the melt. Generally the metal is heated to 1250-
3.037 Stress concentration. 1400F before addlDg nux. After fluxing, the melt should 7 Si
3.0371 Notch properties. be allowed to settle for 10 to 20 minutes to allow the
3.0372 Fracture toughness. nux to float to the top, while the temperature of t!te 0.3 Mg
3.038 ComblDed properties. liquid is adjusted to the pourlDg temperature.
4.016 For th1D sections of castlDgs, it may be necessary to
3.04 creep and creep Rupture Properties use a mold coatlDg to increase fluidity. Hexachlore-
3.041 creep and creep rupture curves at room temperature thane has been found to be effective 1D this respect.
to 400F for sand cast test bars 1D T7 cmxl!ti<'n, Figure For examp1'3, it was reported that by spraylDg the mold 356,A356
3.G4.1. with a saturated solution of hexachlorethane 1D ether,
3.042 creep and creep rupture curves at ?.OOF for A356 per- the fiuldity of 356 alloy was lDereased 86 percent nt
manent mold cast test bars in T61 condition, Figure 1320F a'ld 96 percent at 1250F (38).
3.042.
4.02 Machin!Dg and Grilli! iJ!g
3.05 Fatigue Properties 4.021 General. Tbe maehlDablllty of these alloys is fair.
3.051 Typical fatigue strength of cast test bars at room temp- Tool wear is greater for these alloys than for 355 alloy
erature, Table 3. 051. because of the higher silicon content. Ct rbide cutting
tools and lubricants such as lard oil and kerosene are
TABLE 3 051 recommended for general machining. For tapping, pure
Source (8, p. 19'1) (10) (14, p. B) lard ollis preferred.
Form Cast Test Bars-Room Temperature WeldlDg
Fatigue Strength - ksl 4.03
Stress Stress
nt Cycles 4.031 General. These alloys are readily weldable by GTA
Condi- Method Ratio Cone en-
Alloy techniques. Gns welding, metal arc, carbon arc, and
tion A R tratlon 105 106 107 108 5x1os
atomic hydrogen techniques have also been used, usually
356 T51 Rot
"' -1 Smooth - -- -- -- 8.0 with a furnace Cor preheating. Foundry welding of small
Sand T6 Beam Kt=1 - 8.5
21 14.5 10.5 9.5 9.5
defects, etc., usually employs filler metnl of the same
cast T7 composition as the parent cast metal. For r3pair or
T71 -- -- -- -- 8.5
13.0
assembly welding, 4043 filler metal is recommended to
356 TO keep cracklDg sensitivity at a minimum (40).
Perm 4.032 Temperatures exceeding 400F during preheatlDg or welil-
Mold T7 - - - - 11.0 ing wUI affect the mecbanical properties of heat treated
A356 T61 29 3.0 7.0 14.0 13.0 castings. After welding, however, the castings cnn be
reheat treated to restore their properties. A generul
rule during welding Is to keep the bent o welding con-
3.052 Endurance limit. centrated in a narrow region.
356-TG 13.0 ksl 4.033 A more detailed discussion o( the welding of aluminum
A356-TG1 13.0 ks! (27) enstlDgs Is given in Reference 40.
8 4.034 Brazing o( 356 and A356 Is not normally recommended.
(Based on R. R. Moore rotating beam tests; 5.0 x 10
cycles.) However, it Is possible t.o braze these alloys with
special techniques (41).
3. 06 Elastic Properties
3.061 Poisson's ratio, 0.33 (18). 4.04 Hcnt Treatment
3.062 Modulus of elasticity at various temperatures, Figure
3.062. 4.05 SurCace Treatment
3.063 Modulus of rigidity at various temperatures, Figure 4.051 General. The resistance of these alloys to normal at-
3.063. mospheric weathering is good, ar.d proi!.'Ctive coatings
are not usually required. These alloys cnn be anodized
to provide lDcrensed resistance to corr<>5lon and
4. FABRICATION abrasion. Other surface flnlshes such ns electroplating,
1. 01 Formability porcelain enameling, and pnlnting cnn be applied for
(sec also Section 1. 08) special purposes iC desired (39).
4.011 General. 356 and A356 have excellent cnstablllty
characteristics &uch as high fluidity, low solidification
shrinkage tendencies, high resistance to hot cracking
and good pressure tightness. These alloys nre suitable
for intricate castings containing thin sections and varl-
nhlc thicknesses (39). 356
4.012 Melting of these alloys is discussed in Section 1. 08. "'t.1 CAST TEST BAliS
4.013 Hydrogen readily dlssol vcs in molten aluminum from ao.oso
moisture In all forms and from hydrocai"bons. It Is i5
liberated during solidification and can cause harmful I
t.1
t.1
porosity. Gas absorption Increases with increasing N N
temperature of the molten aluminum and with Increasing Olo.OGO Ol
M9 i5
~
time at temperature. Absorption of gus Is also In- -::
creased when the contact surface between molten mctnl ~
and hydrogen forming gases Is made larger. t:! MlO t:!
4.014 Dross Corms as n result o oxidation, nnd It may be t.1
~0.040
trapped in U1e mctnl, causing defects in the casting be-
o>:
cause Its density Is slightly higher than the density of Mll
aluminum. The oxide Cllm on the aluminum melt, how- ~
-:: M12
ever, gives an excellent protection a~inst further oxi-
0.020
dation and gus absorption. On casting, the metnl should 1200 1300 1400
Dow steadily and C!r a ruinlmum distance to maintain POURING TEMPERATURE - F
the oxide layer and thus nvold dross inclusions.
4.015 Gaseous or solid flu.xe& arc generally used !o rcmov;, FIG. 1.084 EFFECT OF POURING TF.MPt:RATURE
hydrogen and dross from the melt. Flushing with gas- ON GRAIN SIZE. (26)
eous fluxes, such ns chlorine or nitrogen, mny be used
AI 356
30 SAND CAST TEST BARS
7 Si T51 CONDITION
0.3 Mg
20
356
CASTINGS /
356,A356 / 20
MEAN COEFFICIENT OF
// THERMAL EXPANSION
J J 10
FROM ROOM TEMPERATURE
TO TEMPERATURE INDI-
!;:20
CAT ED
10 I t.l
tl
-200 0 200 400 600 800 =
TEMPERATURE - F g: 0 ~..!::=I!::::!!!:SE:~::=Jl:::::~_j
0 200 400 600 800
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION. (8, p. 205) EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.0216 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM TEMPERA-
TURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SAND
CAST TEST BARS IN T51 CONDITION.
(12)
40
GO
I
A356-T6
---- -
0.25 INCH CAST PLATE 30
50
1--
40 / ,/'~
--- -- --
20
/
'-.uNIRRADIATE D
30
~I
/
/
F ~ADIATED AT -420F 20
5 x 1016 NVT, E>l.O MeV
20 10
10
I ~20
t.l
tl
g:= 0 ~~=#~~~;=~:J_____J
0
l 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0 200 400 600
EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE - F
CODE 3105
REVISED: DECEMBER 1969 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
30 AI
7 Si
30
0.3 Mg
20 ~
I
::>
10 '"'"'' 356,A356
><
~
10 ~----~----~~----+-----_,~~~+------4 0
EXPOSURE
e 1/2 HOUR
0 100 HOURS
0 ~-=-~IO~O~O~H~O~~S~----~------+------t----~
356
SAND CAST TEST BARS 40
e(2 INCHES) T7 CONDITION
EXPOSURE
'"""'
e 1/2 HOUR
0 100 HOURS
10 1000 HOURS -j----~~----..,...~-->ri------1 0
356
~_.,_::---i------t-----+ SAND CAST TEST BARS 40 ~4or---~----~-----+-----r---.~~~
T6 CONDITION
"'p::
u
"'""
0 200 400 GOO BOO
TEST TEMPERATlffiE- F
TEST BARS
AI r---~-r----~-----A356PERMANENT
50
7 MOLD
Si T61 CONDITION
0.3 Mg
356,A356
I
~
tt'
~30~----~----~--~~~~r-~,~--~10
I
><
rt EXPOSURE
20 e 1/2 HOUR 0
0 100 HOURS
A 1000 HOURS
~40
1>1
0 e(2 INCHES)
e>::
~ ~----~~--~------~----~----~
0-400
-200 0 200 400 600
r-----~----~------r-----~-----r----~50
356
TEST TEMPERATURE - F PERMANENT MOLD
CAST TEST BARS
FIG. 3.0315 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF A356 PERMANENT
MOLD CAST TEST BARS IN T61 CONDITION.
(14, p. B)
10 0
80
600 800
--
30
......_
~ \ 20
~
1
20
----
- --
---- t - - - - 300F
356,A356
~\
............. -.._
FTY ::>
rt' 10
~ 10
40
10
'\ ~ ~ 0 20
212F
1 - - - -t - - - -
----
~
~
... TG CONDITION
1-----~
"~
T7 CONDITION
I
~ ............ ~
0
10
80
8
, .......... '\
EXPOSURE TIMk
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE: 10,000 HOUR/
SUBZERO TEMPERATURE: 1/2 HOUR
/ 6
--RUPTURE
- - 1 PERCENT }
--o.5 PERCENT CREEP
""-,
'\
~40 - - 0. 2 PERCENT
I
Vr""''
to.l 4 I
0
10 100 1000
~
to.l
"' 0
J TIME- HOURS
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 FIG. 3. 041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES AT
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
ROOM TEMPERATURE TO 400F FOR SAND
CAST TEST BARS IN T7 CONDITION. (10)
FIG. 3.0317 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SAND CASTINGS IN T6 AND T7
CONDITIONS. (27)
60 - I
356- T6
50 ' ~
PERMANENT MOLD
40 ""~ r--.
I A35G
PERMANENT MOLD
40 1-----+-----+-CA ST TEST BARS
TG1 CONDITION
30
"
~I
FTY
...
_
20
I
10
....
c(1 INCH)
--
--
~
to.l
0 FIG. 3. 042 CREEP AND CREEP hUPTUUE CURVES AT 300F
~ FOR A356 PERMANEN' MOLD CAST TEST BARS
w
c.o IN TG1 CONDmON. (14, p. B)
-o!GO -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TEST TEMPERATURE- F
356,A356
11
- """ 356
T6 CONDITION
14.
15.
"Materials Property Manual and Summary Report"
(October, 1957).
Alcoa, Sales Development Division, "Premium-Strenb'th
structural Castings" (January, 1959).
ARTC-10-1955, Aircraft Industries Association.
""'~
E
16. Alcoa Research Laboratories, "Data Sheet" (December,
~ 1956).
10 17. "The Aluminum Data Book, " Reynolds 1\lctals Company
~
0
0 (1965).
....
0
18. ASM "Metals Handbook," American Society for Metals,
Volume 1, 8th Edition (1961).
19. AMS 4218B (Janunry 31, 1964).
9
\
20. AMS 4261 (June 30, 1964).
21. Alloy Digest, "Aluminum 356, Heat Treatable Alumi-
num Caetjng Alloy," Filing Code: Al-21, Engineering
8 Alloy Digest, Incc.rp<:rated (October 1954).
-400 -200 0 200 400 (>00 22. Campbell, J. E., "Aluminum Alloys for Cryogenic
TEMPERATURE - F Service," ASTM Materials Research and Standards,
Volume 4, No. 10 (October 1964).
FIG. 3.062 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT VARIOUS 23. Everhart, J. L., "Aluminum Alloy Castings," Mill!:!:
TEMPERATURES. (13, p. 1-2-2.2) nisIn Dosign Engineering, Manual No. 146 (February,
1958).
24. Grube, K. R., Williams, D. N., and Ogden, H. R.,
"Premium-Quality Aluminum Castings," DIIIIC Report
211, Battelle Memorial Institute (January, 1965).
25. Shober, F. R., ''The Effect of Nuclear Radiation on
Structural Metals," DMIC Report 166, Battelle Mem-
orial Institute (September, 1961).
26. Meier, J. W., and Couture, A., "Aluminum Alloy Test
Bar Casting Temperature Effect on Properties,"
Transactions, American Foundrymen's Society, Volume
5 68 (1960) p. 670.
27. "Aluminum- Properties, Physical Metallurgy and Phase
-
356
T6 CONDITION Diagrams," Volume 1 (Edited by K. R. VanHorn),
4
r--.... G
28.
American Society for Metals (1967).
Williams, D. N., Wood, R. A., and Ogden, H. R.,
"Improving Low Temperature Aluminum Casting Prop-
~ erties," Modern Castings (January, 1963).
0
29. Bailey, W. A., and Bossing, E. N., "High Strength
0
Aluminum Alloy Airframe Castings," Modern Castings
:::a
2
""' ' 30.
31.
(October 1961).
Lombardo, J. J., Dixon, C. E., and Begley, J.,
"Cryogenic Radiation Effects on NERVA Structural
Materials," ASTM Preprint No. 44 (June, 1966).
"SAE Handbook, Standards, Information Reports,
-400 -200 0 200 400 600
TEMPERATURE- F Recommended Practices," SAE, Incorporated (1965).
32. Nowak , J. J., "Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for
FIG. 3.063 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT VARIOUS TEMP.. UDMH Service," Bell Aerosystems Company, Repo1t
ERATURES. (13, p. 1-!?-2.2) No. I-237 Revision A (October, 1962).
33. Colwell, D. L., "Melting Practice for Aluminum Die
and Permunent Mold Castings," Modern Castings,
Volume 39 (April, 1961).
34. Kangllaski, M., ''The Effects of N~utron Radiation on
Structural Materials, " REIC Report No. 45 to NASA ,
Radiation Effects Information Center, Battelle Memorial
ln&titute (June, 1967).
35. Graber, M. J., and Ronsick, J. H., "ETR Damage
Sur~elllance Programs," Progress Report No. 1, IDQ-
16628 (1961).
36. Elijah, L. M., "Aluminum Alloy Fluxes," Foundry
(March, 1964) p. 88.
37. 1968 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 6, "Die- Cast
Metals; Light Metals and Alloys" (October, 1968).
REFERENCES 38. Flemings, M. C., Conrad, H. F., and Taylor, H. F.,
1. AMS 4217D (June 15, 1959). "Aluminum Alloys Fluidity Test," Transactions,
2. AMS 4260B (November 1, 1967). American Foundrymen's Society, Volume 67 (1959),
3. AMS 42840 (January 15, 1959). p. 496.
4. AMS 4285 (May 1, 1954). 39. Aluminum, "Fabrication and Finishing" (Edited by K. R.
5. AMS 4286A (August 15, 1958). VanHorn) Volume 3, American Society for Metals (1967~
6. MIL-A-21180B (August 4, 1960). 40. "Welding Alcoa Aluminum," Aluminum Company of
7. Alcoa Structural Handbook (1958). America (1958).
8. Alcoa Aluminum Handbook (1959). 41. "Brazing Alcoa Aluminum," Aluminum Company of
9. ASM Metals Handbook Supplement (1955). America (1959).
AIC
DECEMBER 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
CODE 3106 I
PAGE I
AIC
NONFERROUS ALLOYS DECEMBER 1963
Form
m
I-5.S7.n..fi.~M.,..n
Sowd Ca thws
..,.,.--11 ?'II for blgb prcxluetloa work. Single point tools abould be
grOUDd to 20-50 degree top rate. 10-20 degree aide
rake aDd 8-10 degree side &lid froat clearance amgles.
Coadltlua As cast + natural As east + anlflcal
40E .,.,. 21 davs Speecl& abould be fast wtzh fiDe to medium feeds. Alloy
aue 3SSP 10 h.-
Fru. . bl 39 40
can be cut dry but a ~.nuld 1s recommeaded for
good cooling aDd lubrlcatloa. For hea'fy cutB such as
Ptp - bl 31 30
16 roughing or tapping. pure lard on gives &ood reaulta.
I'Jrap. Limit - bl 16
Tools abould be 1tept free ol griDi1Dg" BCratebes, (3).
e (2 lD) -percent 5 6
4.022 Castings abould DOt be machined to close toleraucea
durlzlg the uatural aglag period. (3).
3.022 Compreaaloa
3.0221 Stress-strain d.lagrama
4.03 ~
4.031 General. WeldabWty ollbl.s alloy 1s fair &lid welda can
3.0222 Compressi.Ye yield atreDg1b, P cy 29.0 ksl (2).
be made by gas, electric-arc or electrlcal realataDce
27.0-28. 0, bl (1). methcxls. 40B alloy should be used as fDler metal
3.0223 Compressi.Ye prapartlaaalllmlr, 25. 0 bl, (2). when It 1s desired to have the resulting weld tully aa
3.023 Impact 8lrOq!: as the base melala. For ease In welding where
3.0231 Cbarpy Impact. 4 to 6 ft 11>, (2). lower streagth Is permitted """ fDler metal such as
3.ou ~ t 35643 or Almag 35. MIG COIIIIIliiUible electrode
3.025 Toraloa &lid &beat teclmlques will p>:cxluce exeelleot welda 011 a productl011
3.0l!51 9Jear st:reogtb P au 27. 8 bl (2) baals. TIG teclm1quea wfl.l alao produce excelleot welds
&lid 1s preferred for thin ....,!10118. 40B alloy rods are
27.0 bl, (7)
avallilble on special cmler oaly. Uureatralned welda may
28.0 bl, (artlflclally aged). (8).
be BCCQIIlpllabed readlly. Restralnlng the parts to be
3.026
Joined may result In crackl.qg due to bQt abartDe&s at the
3.027 Stress ciiiCelltrlltloa
sclldlflcatloa temperar:w:e.
3.027i Notch prapcrtlea
4.032 Brazing cbaracterlstlcs 11 the alloy care excelleot. (2).
3.0272 Fracture touglmess
See also Fig. 3. 0314.
3.028 Combined prapcrtlea
4.0321 1bls alloy Is especially mtlted f~ braZ..d assemblies
where full atreDgth 1s desired after beating to brazing
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatures
temperature.
3.031 Teaalaa
4.0322 Alloy may be dip brazed or Dl8llllally torch brazed,. (2).
3.0311 Stress-strain dla~s
3.0312 Blfect of test temperarure 011 teii&De properties of
4.04 Heat Treatment
alloy, Fig. 3. 0312.
4.041 Because ollta re-agtng abOity, an assembly made from
3.0313 Blfect at: exposure at varloua temperatures oo room the alloy can be welded or brazed &lid when allowed to
temperature tell&ne properties of alloy, Pig. 3.0313. age at room tenperature for 21 days It wW regain Its
3.0314 Blfect ol expo511re to brazing tempcrarures &lid reaglng original mechanical properties, (1).
at room temperature, Pig. 3.0314.
3.032 Compressl011 4.05 &lrface Treatmeot
3.0321 3ftsa-atraln diagrams 4.051 Alloy lecxls Itself to lllllform heavy anodlzadoo, IIIIIDUred
3.033 Impact by strealdog In both chromic &lid sulphuric anodlz!ug
3.034 lleDdlng processes, (1).
3.035 Toral011 &lid &bear 4.052 Alloy polishes to a fine cbromeilke flnlab, free frcm
3.036 lleDdlng Pin hole porosity. (1).
3.037 Stresa ciiiCelltrlltloa
3.0371 Notch prapcrtlea
3.0372 Fracture toUghDeaa
3.038 Combined properties
3. OS Fatigue Properties
3.051 S-N Clll'fes at room temperature, 300F &lid 480F,
Pig. 3.051.
3. 052 Bod111'811Ce limit at 107 cycles. 9. 0 kBI. (1).
(Rotating beam) at 5 x 1o8 cycles. 10.0 ksl, (2).
3. 06 Blastic Properties
3.061 l'olssaa'a ratto. 0.33, (2) (4).
3.062 Modulus ol elasticity - teosl011 10.3 x 1oS ksl. (1)(2)(7).
- compressl011 10.3 x 103 ksl. (7).
3.063 Modulus of rigidity. 3. 8S x 1o3 kat. (4) (7).
CODE 3106
PAGE 2
AIC
DECEMBER 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
'--' 40 AI-5.5Zn-D.6Mg-D.5Cr-D.2TI
AI
Al-5. 5ZnO. 6Mg-o.scr-o. m
CAST TBST BARS
~ 5.5 Zn
---
~
36
v 0.6 MQ
32 r Pro
Iii 28
=-:
0.5
0.2
Cr
Ti
Iii
=-: 28
f
20
-{!r
40E
~TY
24 f 12 AA21 DAYS AT RT
20
0 Ul HR ATTI!MP
+COOL'TORT
20
I AGBDATRT
I
~
u 10
a:
c10HRATTI!MP
+ 21 DAYS AT RT
...
1'1
16 0
0 200 400 600 800
~
1'1
10
\...._ e (21N) BXPOSURB TBMP - P
u
a: PIG. 3.0313 BPPBCTOP BXI'OSURBATVARIOUS
...
1'1
0 TI!MPBRA1URBS ON ROOM TBMPBRA1URB
TBNSILB PROPBRTII!S OF ALLOY
0 80 120 160 200
AGINJ TIMB DAYS (1)(3)
36
Pro
32
\ A
~
If Al-5. 5Zn-D. 6Mg-D. SCr-b. 2TI
SAND CASTJNJS 1'1
PTY' ..l
<
28 1- 70 ~
P-- \\ ~-
~
.......
~c
Iii
=-: 24
\
36 1 -
r-. . . - 60 a:
< :c
20 l\ ~ 32 1-
r---..k' 24
..
2:
:c
~~
A 30DAYSAT85P
! e 26 DAYS SSP+ 2HR AT INDICATHO
TBMP+30 DAYS SSP
Iii
16 '' 28 ~ 20 =-:
~ j':
PTY
0 e 24 H~AT TBMP (2)
II.
24
12 A AIOOO H 20 1- 16
~ 10
0 1000 HR AT TBMP (I)
e L--A
' ~u ~-
e
u " C! 0 .I
RT r' 900 1000 1100 1200
~ 0 BRAZIK; TBNI' F
-100 0 100 200 300
TBMP- F FIG. 3.0314 EFPBCT OF EXPOSURE TO BRAZIN:;
TBMPI!RAroRB AND RB AGIOO AT
PIG. 3.0312 BFPBCT OF TBST TBMPI!RAroRB ON TBNSILI! ROOM TEMPBRA1URB
PROPI!RTIBS OF ALLOY (I)
(I) (2)
CODE 3106
PAGE 3
AIC
NONFERROUS ALLOYS DECEMBER 1963
.f()
Al-5. SZa-o. 6Mg-o. 5Cr4 .2n ~...;.)
AI SANDCA STNJS
5.5 Zn
0.6 Mg 20
''
"'
lil
0.5 Cr :.c
e RT(3)
.......... !
0.2 Ti D 300P (2)
~' ~
A 480P (2)
10
~
40E
6
-
IoJ I of loS lrl' 107 1
NUMBBR OF CYCLBS
PIG. 3.051 S-N CURVES AT R<XN TI!MPBRA 1URB, 300P and 480P
(2) (3)
RBPBRBNCBS
CODE 3106
PAGE 4
\AUTHOR-J.G. SESSLER AIC
RELEASED:JUNEI969 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
I
\ 1. GENERAL 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
K0-1is a recently developed heat-treatable, high 1.081 Melting range. 1250 to 1450F. AI
strength aluminum casting alloy which contains copper, 1.082 Casting temperature range. 1250 to 1450F (8).
silver, magnesium and titanium. Premium quality 1.083 Pure chlorine gas Is preferred as the nux. The degree 4.8 Cu
castings made from t.his alloy have exhibited greatly of fluxing is determined by dissolved hydrogen content
improved mechanical properties when compared to (e.g. Hycon or similar tests) (8). 0.5 AQ
premium quality castings of the other conventional
aluminum cast alloys now available. Strength 1.09 Special Considerations 0.25 MQ
properties comparable to those of the standard wrought 1.091 The casting alloy, K0-1, is a new alloy and numerous
aluminum forging alloys (such as 2014-T6) have been programs are in progress to review presently avaUable 0.25 Ti
achieved by Ko-1 castings at room temperature and at data and to develop additions! and more specialized
elevated temperatures up to 400F. Stress corrosia!l data.
cracking tests have indlcated that the stress corrosion 1.fi'J2 Metallograpblc and radiographic techniques similar KQ-1 Cast
cracking resistance of Ko-1 is superior to 7075-TG, to those employed for Alloy 195 and 2014 alloys are
7079-T6, and 2014-T6 forgings. Ko-1 castings have acceptahle for K0-1.
been welded successfully to 2014-T6 wrought assemblies 1.093 Exceeding the recommended impurity limits (e. g. high
using the GTA process, with weld strengths comparable iron or silicon content) can result In a decrease In
to the weld strengths usually obtained by 2014-T6 alloy tensile properties.
weldments. The alloy can be cast by sand, permanent
mold, or investment casting techniques (1)(3)(8).
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPEHTU:S
1.01 Commercial Designation
K0-1 2.01 Thermal Properties
2.011 Melting range. 1250 to 1450F (8)
1.02 Alternate Designations 2.012 Phase changes. Alloy is subject to precipitation.
None 2.0121 Time-temperature-transformation diagrams.
2.013 Thermal conductivity.
1.03 SpecUicntions 2.014 Thermal expansion.
1. 031 Company specU!cntlons. ESPD lOlA (5) 2.015 Specific heat.
ESPD 102A (4) 2.016 Thermal diffuslvity.
Others (each)
(total)
---
---
0.03
0.10
---
---
0,03
0.10 3. MECHANICAL PROPEHTIES
Aluminum Balance Balance
3.01 SpecUied Mechanical Properties
(a) Comrncrclal '!Uallty swtd castings 3.0ll Tensile properties for commercial quality sand-
{b) Premtum qual.lty castings castings. Company specUicntion, Table 3. 011.
1. 05 He3t Treatment
1. 051 Solution heat treatment, T4 Condition (8).
940 to 970F, 2 hours+
970 to 985F, 14 hours, water cool (150 - 212F). TABLE 3 011
1.052 Age solution-treated material to T6 Condition (8). Allov KQ-1 Commercial Quality Sand Castings
Room temperature, 12 to 24 hours+ ESPD H101A
Source
305 - 315F, 20 hours, cooling rate not critical.
1,05~ Soaking periods given In 1.051 are for average sand Specimen A a) B{b)
castings after load has reached spccU!ed temperature. Temoor T6 T64 TG T64
In general, permanent meld and thin -wall castings
require less soaking tim~ (8). Ftu ksl 60.0 50.0 50,0 40.0
Fty ksl 50.0 28,0 40.0 25.0
e, percent 4.0 15.0 3.0 6,0
1.07 Forms and Conditions Available A. Specimens from separately cast test b~rs
This alloy Is a proprietary Item of the Electronic B. Specimens cut from castings (thin, mcrilum, and heavy
Specially Company, Pomona, California and Is the sections
subject of a pending patent application. A number of (a) Minimum properties
qualified foundries are licensed to produce premium lbl Avera~re orooortles
AIC
NONFERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED:JUNE 1969
3.032 Compression.
uor------ -,------,- ------.r-- ----,
3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams. AI
3.033 Impact.
3.034 Bending. 4.8 Cu
3.035 Torsion and shear.
3.036 Bearing. 0.5 Ao
3.037 Stress concentrallon.
3.0371 Notch properties. 0.25 Mg
3.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.038 Combined properties. 0.25 T'
.I ...
~~
4.03 Welding
4.031 General. KOo1-T6 castings have been successfully
welded to 2014-TS wrought assemblies using the GTA
process. The resulting tensUe strength (<'tu = 42 to
49 ksl) Is comparable to the tensile strength usually
obtained from 2014-TS sheet or plate weldments.
4,032 Preliminary weld tensUe test results, Table 4. 032.
100r-~------.-----~----~-----T----~--~
- --
(b) 38.0
ROOM TEMPERATU RE
e NOTCHED
~=3
0 SMOOTH
0~------------~------------~------------~
~ ~ ~ ~
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.051 PRELIMINAR Y RESULTS OF FATIGUE TESTS ON NOTCHED AND
SMOOTH SPECIMENS FROM T6 CASTINGS. (10)
REFERENCES
CODE 3108
lhls heat treatable aluminum alloy Is one of the Dural Table 1.04. AI
type In which silicon Is added as another hardener along
with copper, magnesium and manganese. The alloy Is TAR!. 'L 114 4.5 Cu
available In plate, bar, tube, extruded shapes and forg Source AMS I 3 p.l9 (4, p.45
ings. In order to Improve the corrosion resistance of Core Claddin~r6003 Claddin26053"" I Mn
2014 for use In sheet, strip and plate, It Is clad with Percent Percent Percent
either 6003 or 6053. lhls cladding affects the mechanical Min Max Min Max Min Max I Si
properties to only a slight extent. The alloy exhibits high
strength, good forming characteristics, and it can be
Copper
Magnesium
3.90
0.20
5.00
0.80
-
0.80
0.10
1.50
-
1.10
0.10
1.40
0.5 Mg
welded satisfactorily by either fusion or resistance weld
lng techniques. An advantage of 2014 Is that It may be
Manganese
Iron
0.40
-
1.20
I. 00
-- 0.80
0.60
-- -
o. 35 2014,
formed In the as-quenched temper and subsequently Sillcon 0.50 1.20 0.35 1.00 o.5o 0.90
artificially aged to the T6 temper. Thus, forming
operations of gteater severity can be performed than
Zinc
Chromium
-- 0.25
0.10
-- 0.20
0.35
-
0.15
0.10
0.35
CLAD 2014
would be possible In the T6 temper. The alloy Is used
for aircraft and heavy duty structures, bridges, truck
Tllanlum
Other lmpurlt!es
- 0.15 - 0.10 - -
frames and structural fittings. each
total
--
0.05
0.15
--0.05
0.15
-- 0.05
0.15
Commercial Designations
2014 and Clad 2014. .Aluminum
Extteme limits
Balance Balance Balance
CODE 3201
PAGE
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
1.059 Clad 2014 la heat treated and aged under the same
AI 2.02 Other Physical Properti es
condltlona as the hare material , but the shortest heat 2.021
treatmen t time consiste nt with securing the required Density. 0.101 lb per cu ln. 2.80 gr per cu em, (3).
4.5 Cu properti es, should be used.
2.022 Electrica l resistivi ty, Table 2. 022.
CODE 3201
PAGE 2
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
57 57 58 58 57 63 64 64 67 67 65 63 59
Ftu mln-ksl 55
34 36 36 36 36 55 57 57 59 59 58 57 55
mln-ksl 32
"~!'
e(: In), min-percent 14 IS IS 14 12 8 7 8 8 6 4 2 2 I
TABLE 3 014
Source 1~. n.5~\
Allov 20i4
Form waruaea roo, oar, snapes BIXl " " " '
T6. '6510 nd T6! II T62
Condition rPIJll510Jll51 T42
All II All to 25 25 to 32 All to 25 25 to 32
Area -In' AI -:>Q, 750
"' 0.499 500to!l749 5 0.750 < o. 749 5o. 750
Thickness - in AI AI
60
so 60 64 68 68 60 60
Ftu min ksl so
60 58 53 53 53
Ftf min ksl
e( In) mlnpercen
35
12
29
12
53
7
58
7 7 6
I 7 7 6
3.015 Aluminum Assoclstlon mechanical property limits for 3.016 Aluminum Association mechanical property limits for
drawn tube, Table 3. 015. wf.re, rod, bar and forgings, rable 3. 016.
64
Thickness, In to to to to to to' to to ptu mlnlcsl
0.024 0.049 0.259 0.500 0.024 0.049 0.259 o.soo Pr:y. mln-ksl 32 55 30 55 54
65 65 65 65 e(21n or 40),
P tu' mln-ksl 54 54 54 54 16 8 16 10 3
miri-percent
"fi' mlnksl
c( In or 40)
30 30 30 30 55 55 55 55
(a) Diameter or least distance between parallel faces
A mlnpercen 10 12 14 16 7 7 8 9 (b) Rolled or cold finished
B mln-percen - 10 10 12 - 6 7 8 (c) Specimen axis parallel to direction of grain flow
(d) Specimen axis not parallel tO direction of grain now
A - Elongation for a full section specimen
B - Elongation for a cut-out spcrtmen
CODE 3201
PAGE 3
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVIS0 MARCH 1966
p.02 Mec:hanfc:al Propenles at Room Temperature 3.032 Compression, See also 3. 0317.
AI See also 3. 01 and 3. 03, 3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams
3.021 Tension 3.03211 Stress-strain curves In compression for clad sheet In
4.5 Cu 3,0211 Stress-strain diagrams T6 Condition at room and elevated temperatures, Pig.
3.02111 Stress-strain curves in tension and compression for bar 3.03211.
I Mn and extrusions In T6 Condition, Pig. 3. 02111. 3,0322 Effect of exposure and test temperature on compressive
p.02112 Typical uniaxial and biaxial stress-strain curves for yield strength or clad sheet In T6 Condition, Pl.g. 3. 0322.
I Si sheet In T6 Condition, Pig. 3. 02112. 3.033 Impact
p.0212 Effect of exposure to elevated temperature on room 3.0331 Effect of low temperatures on Cbarpy V Impact properties
or plate, Pig. 3. 0331.
0.5 Mg tP.mperature tensile properties of alloy In T6 Condition,
Pig. 3, 0212. 3,034 Bending. See 3, 024.
3.0213 Typical mechanical properties at room temperature, 3.035 Torsion and shear
2014, Table 3.0213. 3.0351 Effect o! exposure and test temperature on shear strength
or clad sheet In T6 Condition, Pig. 3.0351.
CLAD 2014 TABLB 3 021~ 3.0352 Effect of low temperature on shear strength or sheet
Source (15, .9 In T6 Condition, Pig. 3, 0353.
Alov 2014 Clad 2014 3.0353 Effect of test temperature on Pbru Pbry and P su or clad
Porm Wrou t nroducts sheet In T6 Condition, Pig. 3, 0353.
Condition 0 T4" T6" 0 TJ T4" T6
Pru, typ - ksl 27 62 70 25 63. 61 68 3.036 Bearing. See also 3, 0352.
Pry typ - ksl 14 42 60 10 40 37 60 3.0361 Effect of exposure and test temperature on bearing
Psu typ - ksl 18 38 42 18 37 37 41 properties of clad sheet In T6 Condition, Pig. 3. 0361.
e, typ-percent 18 20 13 21 20 22 10 3.037 Stress concentration
Hardness, BHN
Also T451
45 105 135 - - - - 3.0371
3,03711
Notch properties
Effect or low test temperatures on notched and smooth
Also T6S1 sheet In T6 Condition, Pig, 3.03711.
3. 022 Compression. See 3. 032. 3.03712 Effect of low temperatures on tensile and sharp notch
3,0221 Stress-strain diagrams. See 3.0321. properties of sheet In T6 Condition, Pig. 3.03712.
3. 023 Impact. See 3. 033. 3.03713 Effect of low test te.mperature on notch strength and fracture
3. 024 Bending tougbness of sheet In T6 Condition, Pig. 3. 037!3.
3. 0241 Ratio of bending modulus of rupture to tensile strength 3,0372 Fracture tougbness. See 3.03713 and 3.037!4.
for tubing In T6 Condition, Pig. 3.0241. 3.038 Combined properties.
3.025 Torsion and shear. See 3. 035.
3.026 Bearing. See also 3. 036. 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Propenlcs
3.0261 Bearing property reductions for thick plate, Table 3,0261. 3.041 Creep and creep rupture curves for alloy In T6 Condition
at 212 to 600P, Pig. 3.041.
3,042 Short time total strain curves for clad sheet In T6 Condl
TABLB 3 0261 tlon at 300 to 600P, Fig. 3. 042.
Source 5 3.043 Isochronous stress -strain curves In tension for alloy in
Bearln~ Prn~,.., ..;;;,..;.:Onn- ~?~n T6 Condition at 400P, Pig. 3. 043.
Thickness-In 1.001 - 3 000 3 001-4nnn
Pbru(e/D = 1.5) 20 15 3.05 Fatigue Properties
Pbru(e/D = 2. 0) 20 15 3.051 Typical fatigue strength of alloy In T4 and T6 Conditions,
Pbry(e/D = 1. 5) 5 0 Table 3.051.
Pbrv(e/D = 2. 0) 5 0
CODE 3201
PAGE 4
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
i\ 3.06 Elastic Properties 4.0141 Approximate bend radii for 90 degrees cold bend, Table
3.061 Poisson's ratio (elastic and plastic), Table 3.061. 4.0141. AI
TABLE 4 0141
4.5 Cu
Source 3 Mn
TABLE 3 061 IAllov ~014
Source (26) Data Approximate bend rndll !or 90 degree I Si
loy 2014-T6 ~olrllvonrl IAl
ProperlY folsson's Rallo elastic and olasllc values Form Sheet 0.5 Mg
orm 0. 125 In sheet a IThickness-In 1 16 l/8 1/4 1/2
rain Direction clastic olasllc 0 0 0 0 - It 3 - 5t
Longitudinal "' 0.33 "" 0.48 T3 2- 4t 3- 5t 4 - 6t 5.5- 8t 2014,
ransverse 0.27 I 0.52
(a) Purchased In the form of clad, heat treated sheet.
T4
T6
2- 4t
3- 5t
3 - 5t
4- 6t
4- 6t
6 -lOt
5.5- 8t
8 -lit CLAD 2014
Cladding removed prior to testing (a) Radll for various thickness sheet In terms of thickness, t
CODE 320 I
PAGE !5
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
2014,
40
CLAD 2014 14
f'\14.5Cu1 Mn1Si-O. SMg
MBAN COI!F LINEAR
ntBRMAL EXPANSION
//
~
v 20
0
FROMRTT O 0 2 4 6 8 10
TEMP INDICATED
11200 - 0 200 400 600
FIG. 3.02112
NOMINAL PRINCIPAL STRAIN PERCENT
40
t:;:31N
7
v
20
---TENSIO N
--COMPRE SSION
1110 I
:.,:80 EXTRUSION
t ~o.soo IN , '-
~ ~
.ARBA! 25 SQ IN
60 F- --
40
~125 TO 0.499 IN
/
20
0 v
0 0.002 o.(la4 o.oo6
STRAIN IN PBR IN
0.008 0.010 200 400
:n!MP F
609 800
FIG. 3,02111 STRBSSSTRA.IN CURVES IN TENSION AND FIG. 3,0212 BFFBCT OF EXP06URB TO ELEVATED
COMPRESSION FOR BAR AND EXTRUSIONS TEMPERAT URE ON ROOM TEMPERA
IN T6 CONDmON (5, p. 86, 88) TURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY
IN T6 CONDITJON (6)
CODE 3201
PAGE 6
AIWT
REVISEDMARCHI966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
1,4
\ ruBING
T6COND
70
4.5 Cu
I Mn
\ 60
I
0.5 Mg
Si
1.0
0.8
0.6
"' "" -- ........
tij
:..:
50
40
30
400F
2014,
CLAD 2014
0 20 40 60 80
RATIO OF TUBE DIAMETER
TO WALL TIIICKNESS D/t
0~----~~~
0.002
~~~~----~
0.004 0.006 0.008
~~~
0.010
STRAIN IN PER IN
200 F
50 ~-----+~----~~~~~~~300~F~
Al-4. 5Cu-1MnISIO. SMg
0. 100 IN BARB SHEET
2.0 RTTBST
Fro 72 KSI, T
~=0.0022
1,0
0.8 '-SLOPE = 1/22
~~""= -
~0.6
"'
~0.4
CRACK
SOOF
0,2 ~
1-- SHALLOW CRACK AREA2/3 CRACK
DBP1lixCRACK LENGTH AT SUR
10
600F
W = 1.5 IN FACB,AND IS BQUAL TO ARBAOF TENSION
0,1
TIIROUGH CRACK <ftl 0
0.001 0.01 0,1 o. 002 0. 004 0. 006 0. 008 0. 010
ltw snuiN IN PBR. IN
PIG. 3. 03112 STRESSSTRAIN CURVES FOR CLAD SHEET
FIG. 3,02711 STRENGTII OF SHEBT CONTAINING SHALLOW CRACKS IN T6 CONDmON AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
(27) (8,p.l15120)
TEMPERATURI!S
CODE 3201
PAGE 7
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
Al-4. 5Cu-1Mn1SI-0,5M g
AI 0,100 IN SHEET
4.5 Cu
100 T6 COND
--- r--
-
I
I
Mn
Si
L.,T
~ .....
~
__ ~
~
~23F
80
v,, . .
0.5 Mg
2014,
~
0
60
~
-- ~-
C'
V-320F
llOF 80 l----+---1-----l---\-~.--l---140~
!<.
20
20 1lX E AT ELEVATED TEMP
e 1/2 HR
--L 0 IOOHR
--- T Sg~~~IO~OO~H~R---+-----4----~r-----r-~--i
0 I
0 0,040 0.080 0.120 0.160
STRAIN - IN PER IN
FIG, 3,03113 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET IN T6
CONDITION AT LOW TEMPERATURES (29)
TEMP- P
FIG, 3.0313 EFFECT OP EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY IN T6 CONDITION
Al-4. SCuIMnISi O,SMg (6)
JOO T COND
... ~
60
80
..... 60
lil
~
40
F.;;-
1\ 1----4----\-~r---1----1 40~
~
'
!<.
20
SPECIMENS ElcroSED ul> TO
10, 000 HOURS AT TEST TEMP F
PRIOR TO TESTING
~~
0 ~
/~
80
~
~ 't: 20 llXPOSU E
~40
_ /"
IL .. 1/2HR
..."'
Ol
...
e(2 IN)
-~- OICOHR
41000 HR
0
400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 TEMP -F
TEMP- F FIG. 3.0314 EFFECT OF EXI'OSURE AND TEST
FIG, 3,0312 TYPICAL TENSILE PROPERTU!S AT VARIOUS TEMPERA- TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
TURES FOR ALLOY IN T6 CONDITION (30) PROPERTIES OF CLAD SHEET IN
T6 CONDITION (8, p. 91)
CODE 3201
PAGE 8
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWT
AI
4.5 Cu
I Mn
I Si
v: 0.5 Mg
"'
2014,
CLAD 2014
FIG. 3.0315 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE Al-4. SCuIMnISIO. SMg
T6 FOI.JINGS
PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND BAR IN T6 CONDITION
~
(AMS 4135})
(19, p. 14)(20, p. 8) 100
90
A
~- ~
80
}.
"'- ~ FTU
""-.
~ ~ '--....
A
70 '
~
TY~ --t
~
60 r--- .....
so
160
A .. RA ....
-
30
20 !;:
"'u
....... e(l IN)
-. 10 ffi
"'
--v
140 0
~ "tRDNESS l
120
400 300 200 100 0 100
TEST TEMP F
FIG. 3.0316 llFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES AND HARDNJ;SS OF PORGINGS IN TilE
T6 CONDITION (31)
CODE 3201
PAGE 9
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
80
AI 4,5Cu1Mn 1Si0.5Mg
0. 064 IN CLAD SHEET
4.5 Cu T6C ND
60
Mn
I Si
~
0.5 Mg 40
2014,
20 -
CLAD 2014
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
TEST TEMP F
FIG. 3.0317 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERA'I1JRE ON Fru, FTY AND Fey
OF CLAD SHEET IN T6 CONDITION (S)
80
80
Al4,5Cu1M n-1SIO. 5Mg
60 RO LED AND DRAWN ROD
-.......
T6 COND
""
1'-, L
60
80 40 12 "'-,
~
' ...
Fru
60 20
i:
"'
'--
~
60
', 0 20
~ ',
i:: 40 0
"' 40
12 0
~'-,
~ \,.
20
i::
0
"' 20
e 30 MIN
80 A96 HR
10,000 HR
~
TESTED AT RT
0
~ e(2 IN)
40
"'a:t.l f-o
z 20
t.l
"' "'a:
t.l
~- ,......---
0 "'"' 0
200 400 600 800 200 300 400 500 600
EXPOSURE TEMP F EXPOSURE TEMP - F
FIG. 3.0318 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE ON ROOM
FIG. 3,0319 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE ON ROOM TEMPERA'I1JRE
TEMPERA'I1JRE TENSILE PROPERTIES
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF T6 ROLLED AND DRAWN
OP T6 FORGED ROD (34) ROD (34)
CODE 3201
PAGE 10
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
6
Al-4. SCu-IMn-ISl-0. 5Mg CLAD Al-4.5Cu-1Mn-1Sl-O.SM AI
"'-'I(!.
711 0. 064 IN SHBBT
T6COND llo
>-
4
0. 500 IN PlJt.TB
T6j_OND
.......
,__-
-r-r- r-..L
-:....
45 Cu
Mn
~
t:>
a: 1-o..
l>l
z
l>l
I Si
1-o 2
0 0.5 Mg
:: IE CHARPY V
2i
0 I 2014,
-400 -300 -200 100 0 100
TEST TEMP P
CLAD 2014
FIG. 3,0331 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON CHARPY
V IMPACT PROPERTIES OF PLATE (29)
COMPIU!SSION
0
0 0. 002 o. 004 0. 006 0. 008 0.010
STRAIN - IN PBR IN
TEMP -P
70
Al4. SCuIMnISIO. SMg
0.100 IN SHEBT
~ T6 COND
60
~ ';:
~
a:
;:j
50 ~ Psu
400 X ~
T-" .rL
TBMP-P "'
PIG. 3.0322 EPPECTOP EXPOSURE AND 40
TEST TEMPERATURE ON 400 300 200 -100 0 100
COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH TEST TEMP F
OF CLAD SHEET IN T6 CONDmON
(8,p.92) PIG. 3.0352 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON SHEAR STRENGTH
OF SHEET IN T6 CONDITION (29)
CODE 3201
PAGE Jl
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEQMARCH 1966
120 !.
A14, SCuJMnJSiO.SMg
AI CLADSHBBT "-
T6 COND
4.5 Cu
100
Mn
I Si
80
0.5 Mg
2014,
i2 60
CLAD 2014
40
OL-----~----~----~----~----~----_.--~
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
TESTT!!MP F
FIG. 3.0353 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON FBRU FBRY Af,O ~'su
OF CLAD SHEET IN T6 CONDITION (8)
100
80 i2
60 .
::l
..:
"'
100 40
80 20
0
- 60
!.2
>-
gl40
"'
el/2 HR
QIOOHR
O L-.:~l;;;.OOO~H.:..;R~--.1.....----..L.---J
0 200 400 600
TBMP- F
FIG. 3, 0361 EFFECT OP EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMP- F
TEMPilRATURil ON BllARING PRO
PiiRTlllS OF CLAD SHilllT IN T6 PIG, 3,03711 llFFilCT OP LOW TEST TEMPERATURES ON NOTCHRD
CONDITION ANDSMOOJ1i SHEET INT6 CONDITION
(8, p.93) (19, p.J4)
CODE 3201
PAGE 12
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1966
NONFERROUS ALLOYS
110
A14.5CuIM nISIO. SMg AI
O. 125 IN SHI>ET
. T6 COND 4.5 Cu
100 ... I I Mn
~ &L
~
! Si
I
OC.O.T
90
0.5 Mg
~
~'= .:::::-
FTU
'~ _ 2014,
- "''-- -
~ 80
0... ~ ..;
'~
....... . . . r- . . .
70
...... .....
............
--'__()
.......-::.._.... ......
-..:::-~
CLAD 2014
.... FTY
::::::_31
60
~
~ -- --- --- __ .A
N~R~ ~OTC~:N~O---
so
20
I-
f-
z
"'
u 10 .. ~--
cf
,.,i;;;\- --- ---Q
"'..."'
0
400 300 200 100 0
i
100
TBSTTEMP F
FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE AND
SHARP NOTCH PROPERTIES OF SHEET IN T6 CONDITION
(32)
o SMOOTH
A NOTCHED
t;. 3.2 O.OIJ O.hl 0.4
o NOTCHED 6. 3 0. 00~ 0. 10 ,\, 4
" v NOTCHED 2~ 0.00.)7 0.3:; 1.11
FRACTURE TOL,'GHNBSS CALCULATE D
2 2
~;p.u;,;::;r~ FROM llQ Kc c 11' a6 , WHERE a IS
1/2 INITIAL NOTCH LBNGTil AND NCI.
'<1-f-i~-LJCRITICAL CRACK LENGTil, C! IS GROSS
0 10.)
CODE 3201
PAGE 13
80
AI AI4. SC."u!MnISIO. SMg so ;
"\.._.., j
4.5 Cu
60
--
T6 COND
Mn 40
1-- r----- -
~
---- -- 2I2F
40
I Si
~-....
""=====
0.5 Mg 3D
2014,
20
-RUP'I} RE
'" ~OOF
,,~ i2
---111\ } 20
CLAD 2014 --0.511\ CREEP
i2
IO
--0.211\ I
I ' \
IO
J-.....
6
,...., ....... r- . . . . . . . . . .
4
.... t--- ...................... ~
r--, ......... ..... ...... ......... STRAIN IN PER IN
~
........... ........ ............
_ FIG. 3.043 ISOCHRONOUS STRESS-STRAIN
............. ~- CURVES IN TENSION FOR ALLOY
100
g
80
60
300F
400F 0.2711\
40
40
SOOF AI4.5Cu IMnISIO .SMg
BAR, EXTRUSIONS
20
~ 30
T6 COND
i2 600F
"'gj
r;
"'0 20
~
10
8 ~
"'']
a: 10
6 0 311\ "'1-
-l
4 511\ TOTAL STRAIN
<
V'll\\
4 0
0.001 0.01 0.1 10 20 0 20 40 60 80
TIME HR MEAN STRESS KSI
PIG. 3.042 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVES FOR CLAD FIG. 3. 052 AVERAGE STRESS RANGE DIAGRAMS FOR BAR
SHEET IN T6 CONDITION AT 300 TO 600F AND EXTRUSIONS IN T6 CONDmO N
(10, p.33, 34) (12,p.966)
CODE 3201
PAGE 14 ....
r'\1 WW I
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS.ALLOYS
60
Al-4. AI
4.5 Cu
50
Mn
I Si
40 0.5 Mg
30 2014,
~ CLAD 2014
~ 20
~
"'0
~
~ 10
..:
Dl
(-o
...:1
< 0
30
20
10
0 20 40 60 80 100
MEAN STRI!SS - KSI
PIG. 3. 053 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAMS POR SMOOTH AND NOTCHED
BAR IN T6 CONDITION (II)
50 r-------~~------~----- ---~------~
Al-4. 5Cu-1Mn-1SI-O. 5Mg
HAND PORGED BAR
T6 COND
K 2.4
10 SPECIMEN:
SMOOTH: 0.100 IN RD
NOTCHED: 75% DEEP,
60" ANGLE
O.OIOr
0. 200 CYLINDRICAL
105 1o6 loB
NUMBER Of' CYCLI!S
PIG. 3.054 SCATTER BAND OP PATIGUE DATA POR SMOOTH AND NOTCHED
HAND PORGED BAR IN T6 CONDmON r,-;~1
CODE 3201
PAGE 115
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1966
34 80
AI AI-4.5Cu-1Mn-ISI-0.5Mg Al-4. SCu-IMnISI-0. SMg '-....,.~ ...
T6 COND CLAD SHEET
4.5 Cu 32 T6 COND
60
I Mn 30
T
Si ~
0.5 Mg
~ 28 40 ~
~
"'"'
"'"'f-o 26 THICKNESS 0.020-0.039 lN
2014, "'z0 20
24
CLAD 2014 i=oo(
z
22 ::::,.....
"'"'f-o
0
r=::::: ~
...l
60
oo(
20
18 TESTED IN AIR 40
TESTED IN SIMULATED N
S A WA ER THICKNESS 0. 040-0.249 IN
16
4 5 5
5. 10 10 5 X 10 lo6 5. 106 10
7 20
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.055 S-N CURVES FOR ALLOY TESTED IN AIR AND IN TANGEN( MoouLys AT RT I
SIMULATED SEA WATER (36) 0
0 4 6 10
~ r.o COMPRESSIVE TANGENT MODULUS- 1000 KSI
A1-4. 5Cu-1Mn-1SI-O. SMg
"'"'
0..
15
BAR STOCK
T6 COND
FIG. 3.0641 TYPICAL TANGENT MODULUS CURVES FOR CLAD
SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (5)
z0"'oo( 0.1
"'z
:;:
.e: e TOTAL STRAIN
ill 0 PLASTIC STRAIN
...l
<
t
7.
c:::> o.or
f-o
G
z
3 CONTROLLED STRAIN
CYCLING TESTS
R =-I
o.orr ~1 ---~~~o----:-!1o:::o--~~:::oo':::o::---~I~o. ooo
CYCLES TO FAILURI; Nf
FIG .1.056 EFFECT OF STRAIN CYCLING ON FATIGUE LIFE
OF T6 BAR (37)
120
AI-4.5CuIMn-ISi-0.5Mg
~ ........_
>
...l
oo(
f-o
a:
100 r---
"""'
u.
0
!;. 80
"'ua: MODULUS 01' F.LASTICITY
~
il! (E AND Rc)
60
I I 0
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 0 6 10 12
1000 KSI
TEMP' F
FIG, 3,0<42 TANGEI'rr MODULUS CUKVES IN COMPRESSION FOR
FIG. ~.0622 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ONE AND Ec CLAD SHEET IN TG CONDmON AT ROOM AND ELE-
fS) VATED TEMPERATURES (8, p.l83-!88)
CODE 3201
PAGE 16
REVISED MARCH 1966
NONFERROUS ALLOYS '"''"'
80
r4.5CuIM nI510.5M g
.........r-_ Al4.5Cu1M nISIO.SM
0. I 25 IN SHEilT AI
....,_
rT
70
60 t 4.5 Cu
~~
T6 BASE METAL
1
~125- 0.0391N ({>~ L
Mn
.>:25SQIN AFFECTED ZONE
40 60
STRENGTH I Si
20
llXTRUSI NS
50
I /.
WELD FAILURES
I I
I
!
0.5 Mg
2014,
CLAD20 14
60
-r--- IS 31N
--;:--[\
40
/
/ "'
6061 HEAT AFFECTED
ZONE STRENG,~
40 /
30 /
20
ALLOY IN T4 CONDITION, TIG SQUARE-BUTT
MACHINED WELDED AND AGED
ROLLED ,BAR. RO' AND SHArES 20
0 10 20 30 40
0
0 6 WELDING SPEED !PM
10
FIG. 4. 0321 EFFECT OF WELDING SPEED ON TENSILE
COMPRESSIVE TANGENT MODULUS 1000 KSI
STRENGTH OF TIG WELDS (38)
FIG. 3.0643 TYPICAL TANGENT MODULUS CURVES FOR
EXTRUSIONS AND ROLLED PRODUCTS AT
ROOM TEMPERATURE (5)
60
<\14. SCulMnIS IO.SMg
0. 090 IN SHEET
50
' 1
AUTOMATIC TIG WELDS,
~
......_~IQROSITY
--
T6 COND
t-- ...
...
30
'
(.HIGH IQROSITY
I
EACH PT AVG OF 10 TESTS
20 I I
I I
I I
_j_
T
"'e I
MISMATCH (%) (e/T) 100
500
FOO.MING TEMP F 10 0
20 60 80
FIG. 4,01:!3 MAXIMUM TIME AT V.\RIOUS TEMPER MISMATCH PERCENT
ATURES FOR HOT FORMING SHEET IN FIG. 4, 0322 COMillNED EFFECT OF IQROSITY AND MIS
T6 CONDITION (17, p. 133) MATCH FOR TIG WELDED SHEET (39)
CODE 3201
PAGE 17
'""''"ra::::.nnvu;:, ALLUT::i REVISED MARCH 1966
90
AI
4.5 Cu
80
Mn
I Si
~70
0.5 Mg
2014, 60
CLAD 2014
50
e FTU PARENT METAL
0 FTY
.6. FTUJ WElD SPECIMEN(T)
A FTY
e(2 IN)
-200 -100
TE5rTEMP F
80
Al-4. SCU-lMn-lSI-0.5~~
0. 063 AND 0. 125 IN SHEET
60
~
~
;s;
40
TIG BUTT WELDS, 4 AND 6 IPM TEMP-F L T
SPEED,2319 FILLER WIRE, Al
BACK-UP WITH COPPER INSERT
-423
-320
c
A
lil20 RT "" 0
:,.:80
.____
60
1---I--
--
..
~
40
5rRESS RATiO: R = 0
-
EACH PT AVG OF 3 TO 5 TE5rS
20
0 400 800 1200 !bOO 2000
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 4.0324 S-N FATIGUE CURVES FOR TIG BUTT-WElDED SHEET
AT ROOM AND CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES (21)
CODE 3201
PAGE 18
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWT
-'c ..
10 Van Echo, J.A., Wlnh, W.F. and Simmons, W.F.,
;;. "Sbon-nm e Creep Propenles 4 Structural Sheet Materials
'~ . AI
for Aircraft and Missiles", AFTR 6731, Pt. ill, (May !955)
11 L8zan, B. J, and matherwlc k, A. A., "Fatigue Propenles
of Aluminum Alloys at Various Direct Stress Ratios",
4.5 Cu
WADC TR 52307, Pt. U, (Decembe r 1952)
12 Howell, P.M. and Mlller, D. E., "AxlalStr ess Fatigue Mn
Strengths of Several Structural Aluminum Alloys", ASTM I
Proceeding s, Vol. 55, (1955) Si
13 American Society for Metals, "Metals Handbook", 8th
Edition, (1961) 0.5 Mg
14 American Society for Metals, "Metals Handbool:", 7th
Edition, (1948) 2014,
IS Aluminum Co. of America, "Aluminum Sheet and Plate,
General Informatio n, Mechanica l Propenles , l'hyslcal CLAD2 014
Propenles ", Product Data, (Decembe r!, 1961)
!6 General Electric Co., "Data Sheet", (April 26, 1957)
17 Kaiser Aluminum Corp., "Sheet and Plate Product
Informatio n", 2nd Edition, (1958)
18 Aluminum Co. of America, ''Structura l Handbook", (1960)
19 General Dynamics Astronauti cs, "CompUation of Materials
Research Data 4th Quanerly Progress Repon !'base
!", Rep. AE 6201383 , (March 1962)
20 Bell Ae1osystems Co., "!'base U Cryogenic Propenles
of 20141'6 and A-286", BLR6!35 (M) Rev. A., Qune
?.9, !962)
21 Crulstian, J. L., "Physical and Mechanica l Propenies of
Pressure Vessel Materials for Applicatio ns In a Cryogenic
Environme nt", ASDTDR 62258, (March !962)
22 Departmen t of Defense, "Index of Specificati ons and
Standards" , Pan I, Alphabetic al Listing, (Septembe r 1964)
23 ASTM Standards, "Light Metals and Alloys", Pan 6,
(October 1965)
24 Materials In Design Engineerin g, Materials Selector
Issue, (Mid-Octo ber 1965)
25 Sprowls, D. 0. and Brown, R. H. , ''Stress Corrosion of
Aluminum", Metal Progress, Vol. 8!, No. 4, (April !962)
26 Terry, E. L. and McClaren, S. W., "Biaxial Stress and
Strain Data on High Strength Alloys for Design of Pressur
ized Componen ts", Chance Vought Corp., ASDTDR 62
401, (1962)
27 Bockrath, G. E. and Glassco, J. B., "Fracture Toughne~s
of High Strength Sheet Metal", Douglas Missile and
Space Systems Div., (Marcb !963)
28 Military Specificati on, MILH608 8 C, (October !5, !962)
29 Schwanzb erg, P.R. et al., "Cryogeni c Materials D::ta
Handbook", Manln Co. Denver, MLIDR 64280,
(August !964)
30 ''The Aluminum Data Book", Reynolds Metals Co., (1965)
31 Belton, J. H. et al., "Materials for Use at Liquid Hydrogen
AMS 4014, Qune 30, 1964) Temperatu res", ASTMSTP 287, (1960)
32 Hanson, M. P. eta!., ''Sbarp Notch Bebavlor of Some High
AMS 4028 A, Quly IS, 1961)
AMS 4029 A, Quly IS, 1961) Strength Aluminum Alloys and Welded Joints at 75, 320,
AMS 4121 C, Qanuary 31, 1964) and 423F, ASTMSTP 287, (!960)
33 Lucas, W. R. and Cataldo, C. E., "Some Low Tempera
AMS 4134 A, (February 15, 1952)
AMS 4135 J, Qar:uary 15, !962) ture Properties of Aluminum Alloy Weldments ", ASTM
AMS 4153 B, Qanuary !5, 1962) STP-287, (!960)
34
2 "The Aluminum Data Book", Reynolds Metals Co., (1958) "Repon on the Elevated Temperatu re Propct~Jes of
3 Aluminum Associatio n, "Standards for Aluminum Mill Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys", ASTMSTP 291,
Products", Eighth Edition, (1965) (October 1960)
35
4 Aluminum Co. of America, ''Aluminum Handbook", (1962) Paul, D. A. and Wang, 0. Y., "Fatigue Bebavlor of 2014
5 Military Handbook 5, "Metallic Materials and Elements T6, 7075T6 and 70791'6 Aluminum Alloy Regular
for Flight Vehicle Structures ", Dept. of Defense, FSC Hand Forgings" , WADCTR -59591, (1960)
1500, (August 1962) 36 Austin, C. W., "Rotating Beam Fatigue and Corrosion
6 Aluminum Co. oC America, Research Laborator ies, "Data Fatigue Propenles of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys",
Sheet", (August 29, 1957) Rpt. No. DSTNI69 , Army Balllstlc Missile Agency,
7 Aluminum Co. of America, Research J...aboratorie&, (February 1958)
37
"Tensile StressStr nln Curves for 2014T6", (Septembe r Smith, R. W. eta!,, "Fatigue Behavior of Materials Under
26, 1958) Strain Cycling In Low and Intermedia te Life Range", NASA
Miller, D. E., "Detennln ating Physical Propenies of Lewis Research Center, NASA TN Di574, (1963)
Ferrous and Non-Ferro us Structural Sheet Materia)& at 38 Burch, w. L., "Fusion Welding of 2014 Aluminum Alloys",
Elevnted Temperat ures", AFTR 6517, Pt. 3, (Decembe r Bell Lab Repon BLR 6141 (M), Bell Aerosyste ms Co.,
1953) (1961)
9 Howell, P.M. and Stickley, G. W., "Isochronous Stress- 39
Bandelin, R.G., "Evaluatio n of the Combined Effects of
Strain CUrves for Several HeatTrea ted Wrought Aluminum Porosity and Mismatch on Weld Strength of 20141'6
Alloys at 300 and 400'F," Alcoa Research ;..aborator ies, Aluminum Alloy", Manin Co., (1964)
Mechanica l Testing Div., (April 29, 1958)
CODE 3201
PAGE 19
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
I~ M!l!ta~
Form 2.025 Damplnr. capacity.
Sheet, plate MlL-A-888~ASGl
2.03 Chemical Properties
2.031 Corrosion resistance of X 2020-T6 is equal to or superior
to that of the other high strength aluminum alloys.
1.04 Composition. Table 1. 04.
2.0311 See 4. 05 for corrosion protective plating ard surface
treatmen,s.
TABLE 1.04 2.032 Oxidation r"sistance.
SOurce 2
Percent 2.04 Nuclear Properlic
Min Max
3. MECHANiCAL PROPERTIES
Llt!llum o. 9 1. 7
Cadmium 0.10 0.3S
3.01 Specified Mechanical Properties
Manganese o. 30 0.8
Copper 4.0 s.o Static Properties at Room Temperature. See also 3, 03.
lron
SUIcon
-- 0.40
0.40
3.02
3.021 Tension.
3.0211 Room temperature stress-strain curves in tension exposed
Msgneslum - 0.0:5
500 hours at elevated temperatures for sheet, extrusions
Zinc
Titanium
-- 0.2S
0.10
and b.lr in T6 Condition, Fig. 3.0211.
Typical tensile properties of bar and extrusions In T6
--
3.0212
Others, each o.os Condition, Table 3.0212.
total 0. 1S
~lnm!num Balance TABLB 3.0212
Source (l, p._26)
Alloy X~D
1. OS Heat Treatment
Porm PcmzedBar ~
1. 051 Anneal heat treated conditions to 0 Condition. 77S F,
I hr minimum, cool SO F per hr maximum to SOO F Condllion T6
maximum, (I, p. 7). S!ae -In 2 3/16x6 21/2 X 2x3 2x4 Spu
l.OS2 Solution treat to (unstable) W Condition. 9SO to 970 F, 2.1/2 Cbord
20 min to 4 1/2 hr depending on thickness, water quench, F tu typ-lall L 80 78 82 86 91
(1, p.6). T 78 75 76 81 83
Age W Condition to T6 Condition. 31S to 325 F, 16 to 20 n 76 82 79 80
!.OS3
hr, (1, p.6). Fty typ-ksl L
T
"73
74
72
71
73
73
80
76
85
78
1.{)6
1.061
Hardness
Hardness. Table 1.061. e (2 In or ' D),
ST
typoopercent L
72
a
71
6
78
10
72
a
"6
TABLB I 061 T 3 4 J 4 3
(1, p.ll) _ST 3 4 2. 4 3
Source
BHN (500 kg, 10 mm
Condition
0
T6
s
150
3. 02!3 Average tensile and hardness propenles of sheet extrusion
and plate in T6 Condition and additional heat treatment,
Table 3. 02!3.
3.02!4 Effect of exposure to elevated temperatures on tensile
See 3, 0213 for additions! hardness data. properties of bar in T6 Condition, Fig. 3. 02!4.
1.062 3.02!S Effect of exposure of 500 hours at elevated temperatures
1.07 Forms and Conditions AvaUable an room temperature tensile properties of sheet, extru-
1. 071 All wrought forms are avaUable on an experimental basis. sions and bar In T6 Cordltion, Fig. 3. 0215.
Sheet and plate are produced both In bare and clad formo. 3.022 Compression.
1.072 Sheet and plate art: a vallable In 0 and T6 Conditions, 3.0221 Stress-strain curves In compression for sheet ard extru-
forgings In T6 Condition. sions In T6 Condition, Fig. 3.0221.
3.0222 Room temperature stress-strain curves in compression
1.08 Melting and Casting Practice. General aluminum alloy exposed 500 hours at elevated temperatures for sheet,
practices are complemented by special provisions for extrusions and bar In T6 Condition, Fig. 3,0222.
preventing lithium from wrnlng out. 3. 0223 Effect of exposure at 500 hours ar elevated temperature on
room temperature compressive yield strength of sheet,
1.09 Special Considerations. See 2024. extrusion and bar In T6 Condition, Fig. 3.0223.
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1963
>.
TABLE 3.0213
.;,..;
AI Source IS --;;:3 41
4.5 Cu Allov
Form
Clad X 2020
Sheet 10-~uolnn
+HT
v ?n?n
T6
- ..... T6+fiT
Condition T6 T6 +HT T6 T6 +HT T6 T~
I Li Thickness - In 0.063 -
T L T
0.5 Mn Direction
6
L
6 4 3
No. of S""cimens
0.2 Cd Ftu' Avg- ksl 73.5 72.3 74.3 73.2 80.5 78.3 78.8 78.7
76.8
Ftv Avg - ksl 70.5 67.9 69.5 68.7 76.1 75.4 77.5
e(21n)"Avg,>ercent 6.8 7.6 6.3 5. 8 9.5 9.5 2.0 2. 7
X 2020, RC Ava 76.8 77.0 76.2 68.7 91.5 91.4 89.3 89.8
CLAD ST 950-970 F + WQ +Age. 18 hr at 320 F.
1 In gage for extrusion and plate.
X 202.0
3.023 Impact. 3.061 Modulus of elasticity at room and elevated temperature,
3.024 Bending. Fig. 3.061.
3.025 Torsion and shear. 3.062 Modulus of rigidity at room temperature, 4200 ksi, (1, p. 3).
3.0251 Typical hear strength of alloy In T6 Condition, F 8 u = 3.063 Modulus of elasticity In compression at room and elevated
49 ksl, (1, p. 8). temperatures for sheet In T6 CoW!tion, Fig. 3. 063.
3.026 Bearing. 3.064 Tangent modulus curves In compression exposed 500 hours
3.026t Typical bearing properties or ailoy in T6 Condition, Table at elevated temperatures for sheet, extrusions and bar In
3.0261. T6 Condition, Fig. 3. 064.
3.065 Secant modulus curves In compression exposed 500 hours
TABLE 3 0261 at elevated temperatures for sheet, extrusions and bar
Source I n.8 In T6 Condition, Fig. 3.065.
Condition r6
e/D ~ ? n
4. FABRICATION. Similar to7075. Additional and
Fbru 120 152 different Information Is noted below.
Fbry 105 120
4.01 FormabilitY
4.011 The W Condition appears to possess forming properties
3.0U Stress concentration.
slightly inferior to those or 2024 when freshly quenched.
3.0271 Notch properties. However, this alloy age hardens at room temperature
3.0272 Fracture toughness. very slowly and If formed within 100 hr, refrigeration
3.028 Combined properties.
Is not necessary, {1, p. 4). Effect or aging at room
temperature on tensile yield strength of solution treated
3.03 Static P1 opertles at Various Temperatures. material, Fig. 4.0ll.
3.031 Tension.
4.012 Bending. Bend factor for various conditions, Table 4. 012.
3.0311 Stress-strain curves for bar In T6 Condition at room and
elevated temperatures, Fig. 3.0311. TABLB 4.012
3.0312 Stres$-straln curves In tension at room and elevated tern- Source 1, D:4f
peratures for sheet In T6 Condition, Fig. 3. 0312. Form 0. 064 In 5'-t
3.0313 Effect of exposure and test temperature on tensile proper- Condition lleDd l'&c!Or
ties of bar In T6 Condition, Fig. 3.0313. L T
3.0314 Effect or test temperature on tensile properties of sheet 0 Dtol Dtol
In T6 Condition, Fig. 3.0314. w
3.032 Compreslcm. a1ler 12 daya Ito% 1 to z
3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams. 30 days Ito% lto2
3.0322 Effect of test temperature on compressive yield stress of 9D days 11/2 to 2 lto2
sheet In T6 Condition, Fig. 3. 0322. T6 Sto6 4to6
3.033 Impact.
3.0331 Effect of test temperature on Impact strength of bar In T6
Condition, Fig. 3. 0331.
3.034 Bendtng. 4.02 Machining and Grinding
3.035 Torsion and shear.
3.0351 Effect of test temperature on ultimate shear :'trength of 4.03 Welding
sheet In T6 Condition, Fig. 3. 0351.
3.036 Bearing. 4.04 Heat Treatment. Solution heat treatment or X2020 In
3.0361 Elfect of test temperatures on bearing propetties or sheet furnaces used for other high strength alloys has shown no
In T5 Condition, Fig. 3. 0361. evidence of harmful deterioration after the usual required
3.037 Stress concentration. periods. Some loss of Ll from the surface has been
3.0371 Notch sensitivity noted, to a depth o! about 0. 001.
3.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.038 Combined properties. 4.05 Surface Treatment
4.051 Plating. Tests performed on specimens plated with
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties chromium, tin and nickel showed poor adhesion results
3.041 Creep and creep rupture curves at 212 to 400 F for bar when no pretrelltment was used. Acceptable adhesion
In T6 Condition, Fig, 3. 041. results when a sodium zlncate pretreatment was used.
3.042 Isochronous stress strain curves In tension at 212 to No detrimental effects In adhesion were noted as a result
400 F for alloy In T6 Condition, Fig. 3. 042. of 100 hour heat soak at 350 F. Chromium and tin plating
3.043 Creep rupture curves at elevated temperatures for sheet did not meet salt spray corrosion resistance requirements
In T6 Condition, Fig. 3. 043. when exposed to 700 hours heat soak at 350 F. Chromium
and nickel plating galvanic corrosion test specimens when
3.05 Fatigue Properties exposed to three phase Immersion failed within 48 hours,
3.051 5-N curvea; for sheet at room temperature and 275 F in (6, p.1, 2).
T6 Condition, Fig. 3. 051. 4.052 Casting. Tests performed on specimens prepared with
3,06 Blastic Properties Type I and II anodic castings and lrldite 142 Coating
I CODE 32021
'.
AIWT
REVISEDMARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
60
"ro .\' ' \ ~ 0.5 Mn
14 0.2 Cd
ocor
Al-t. SCu-lL!-o. 5Mn-0.2Cd
/
\
',
'-~- X 2020,
13 CLAD
l
VALUES BELOW v X 2020
RT ALSO APPLY
TOT6 COND /
v
-20
f.! SO
---.. ' ........
"
PTY 1'. \
60
10
I
I MEAN COEF LINEAR
THBRMAL EXPANSION
TO JMP
TBSl"BD AT RT
'.
\.
',
\
\
\
FROJ RT
~ICATEDI
--lj2HR}
- - - 100 HR ~BXPC URB '
'':-.....
9
200 0 200 600
20
~20
--1000 HR
'-
TBMPF e ~_;
PIG. %. Ol<i nmRMAL BXPANSION
=
leo
(1, p.2) 0 100200 300 500
TBMPF
Al-4. SCu-lLI-0. SMn-0. 2Cd FIG. 3.0214 EFFECT OF EXI'U;URE TO ELEVATED TEMPER
HR BXP AT TEMP IND., TEST AT RT ATURES ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BAR IN T6
RT RT CONDITION (1, p. 24)
300P 300P
400P
400P
0.012
STRAIN IN PER IN
AI .1. AI-4.5Cu-1LI-Q.5Mn0.2Cd
!I~ COND, 500 HR I!XP
ll
4.5 Cu STRAIN R TE 0.005 IN PER IN PER MIN
0
Li
D.5 Mn
"' 0
~
0.2 Cd
FTU
X 2020, - 0
CLAD
X 2020
80
-'--0
~ ~ 0
'
7
~
FTY
0
PIG. 3.0221 STRBS&6TRAlN CURVBS IN COMPRBS
0.060 IN SHEET T SlON FOR SHBBT AND BXTRUSIONS IN
A LIGHT I!XTRUSION T6 CONDmON (1, p. 12, 13)
50 1/4 IN x 2 1/2.1N >: l
2 1/2 IN, ANGLE - L
HEAVY I!XTRUSION
2.1N x 4 IN FLAT BAR -
,'
L
4.0 f- " 3/4 IN BAR L
10 0r----~----~~----~,-A-I--4-.-5C~~r--1L-1--0-.5-M~
1 n--0-.-2~--.
/
0
-- ....v RA
0
A
~
e(2 IN)
0
0 100 200 300 400
TEMP- F
STRAIN - IN PER IN
100
9
Al-4.5Cu-1Ll-O. 5M.,-0, 2Cd Al-4.5C,u-1Ll-0. 5Mn-O. 2Cd
AI
T6COND
500 HR EXP
T6 COND
BAR
4.5 Cu
80 80 I Ll
~
212 p
_.;. 300P 0.5 Mn
-.:::::::: 0.2 Cd
7
60
- -
6
FCY
~ X 2020,
CLAD
~
X 2020
.,..
30 MIN EXPOSURE
~
0. 060 IN SHEET T
LIGHT EXTRUSION
1/4 IN x 2 1/2 IN x 2 1/2 IN
511-- ANGLE- L - 60
Hl!.WY EXTRUSION
2 IN x 4 IN PLAT BAR - L
.... 3/4 IN BAR j L
2' I
0 100 200 300 400
TEMP- P
12!Q-----.-----~----~----,
Al-4.5Cu-1Ll-D. 5Mn-D. 2Cd
0. 064 IN SHBET, T6 COND,
100 HR AT TEMP, AC AND
tod------1- REHEAT TO TEMP, HOL
15 MIN
0.012 0.016
STRAIN - IN PER IN
AI 100 I 00
A1-4. SCu-ILI-IJ. SMn-0. 2Cd
0.064 IN SHEET, T6 COND,
4.5 Cu 100 HR AT TEMP, AC AND
Li 80
REHEAT TO TEMP, HOLD 80
--.;;;::::
"\
0.5 Mn
0.2 Cd: FTU
60- t- 6
~
X 2020, I
CLAD ~
100 4()tz.
... 40
'
X 2020
80 20
FTY
~ 0
_60
12
0 4
0
L
T
1\ l
'
I
j::
a.40
e
~
1/2 HR c(2 IN)
0 100 HR BXPOsURB
.1DOOHR 0
20
100 200 300 400 500
TEMP- F
..
~
~
Fsu
20
0
0 100 200
TEMP- F
300
"" 400 soo
- - RUPTURB
- - - I .Q'l CREBP
-' - 0. S\t CREBP
----o.21tCREBP
TIMB- 'fll
\
PIG. 3.0351 EFFECT OP T&'IT TEMPERATURE ON ULTI- FIG, 3. 041 CREEP AND CREEP .RUPTURI!: PROPERTIES
MATE SHEAR STREN(lTH OF SHEET IN T6 CURVES AT 212 TO 400 F FOR BAR:;: T 6
CONDITION (4, p. 23) CONDITION (1, p.10)
AIWT
NO.NFERROUS ALLOYS REVISE!> MARCH 1963
80
AI
4.5 Cu
Li 60
0.5 Mn
0.2 Cd
540
X 2020,
CLAD zo
X 2020
400F
0 TENSION
0 0. 004 0. 008 0. 012 0 0. 004 0. 008 o. 012 0 0.004 0.008 0,012
STRAIN - IN 1'BR IN
FIG. 3.042 ISOCHRONOUS STRilSS-STRAIN CURVES IN TENSION AT 212 TO 400 F FOR ALLOY IN
T6 CONDITION (1, p.J6-18)
12
Al-4. :i(."u-lLl-D. SJ.tn;.o. 2Cd
11 .., BAR
lr6 corm
'~
..........
10
--- ....~
~ ~ B STATIC
400 F
2
!~.-~------~------~10~-----1~00
TIME- H!l r ~-
\
PIG. 3. 043 CREEP Rli'TURE CURVES 1\T
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
7
(I)
--(4) ~
FOR SHEET IN T6 CONDITION
(4, App. !, p. 2)
100 HRS AT TEMP
+AC+REHBAT
TO TEMP FOR
15 MIN
6
0 200 400 600 800
TBMPP
!OS 10
NUMBER OF CVO::LES TEMP- F
--
T6 COND, SCO HR EXP AT THMP IND T6 COND, 500 HR EXP AT TEMP IND
TESTED AT RT TESTED AT RT 4.5 Cu
8 8
~ - RT RT
-:::::- I Li
6
300 F
RT
~ J::::::.....
3;;;-
~
6
300 F.;
K 300~ 0.5 Mn
0.2 Cd
'---- F"
r----
--"'
-........... 350
~
350F-
~ X 2020,
4 1-- CLAD
..___ 4
2
~ r--
0.060 IN
SHEET
LIGHT EXTRUSION
400 F
0. 060 IN SHEET
T
'--- ~
400F
UGHT EXTRUSION
1/4JN;:2 1/2JN X
2 1/2 IN
X 2020
T AtKiLE- L
ANG EL
...........
~ ~ ~300F
300 F
~
--;:;---
~ t---.
---- ~
300 F
60 6
............
350 i"""'
~ ,........_
40
20
HEAVY EXTRUSim
r-- r---
2 IN x 4 IN FLAT BAR
400F
1~ r-...
--
400 F
3/4 IN BAR - L
COMPRESSiON
r-- 4
2
400?
HEAVY
EXTRUSION
~IN x 41N FLAT
"""" - 350>
400 F
3/41NBARL
COMPR,SION
t......
t'-
.........
0
L
I BAR- L
0 4 12 0 4 12 8 12 8 12
1000 KSI 1000 KSI
FIG. 3.064 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN COMPRESSION EXPOSED 500 FIG. 3.065 SECANT MODULUS CURVES IN COMPRESSION
HOURS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES FOR SHEET, EXTRU- EXPOSED 500 HOURS AT ELEVATED TEMPER-
SIONS AND BAR IN T6 CONDITION (13, p. 41-44) ATURES FOR SHEET, EXTRUSIONS AND BAR
IN T6 CONDITION (3, p. 4144)
40
Al-4. 5Cu1LI-O. SMn-0. 2Cd
WCOND
AGEATRT ~
30
~
~
~ FTY
Ei 20 ~
RT
10
0 10 100 1000 10,000
AGING TIME - HR
CODE 3202
PAGE 9
MIU I
REFERENCES
AI
Aluminum Co. of America, Sales Development Div.,
4.5 Cu "Alcoa Alloy X -2020". (Sept. 1, 1958)
2 MlL A -8882 (ASG), (Aug. 5, 1959)
I Li 3 General Dynamics Corp., Convair Div., "Material -
0.5 Mn X2020-T6 Sheet, Bar and Extruded - Stability of -
Determination of", Rep. No. FGT-2264, Oune 22, 1959)
0.2 Cd 4 General Dynamics Corp., Convair Div., "Material -
X2020 Aluminum Alloy - Mechanical Properties at Room
and Elevated Temperatures - Determination of", Rep. No.
X 2020, FGT 2410, (Aug. 28, 1959)
CLAD 5 McDonnell Aircraft Corp., 'Tensile Properties and Heat
Treatment of X2020-T6 Sheet", Rep. No. 8869, Ouly 10,
X 2020 1962)
General Dynamics Corp., Convair Div., "Processing -
Plating Systems - Unclad 2020 Aluminum Alloy - Chemical
and Physical Properties - Evaluation of", Rep. No. FGT-
2407, (April 12, !960)
7 General Dynamics Corp., Convair Div., "Material -
Unclad 2020-T6 Aluminum Alloy - Elevated Temperature -
Corrosion Protective Surface Treatments for - Determina-
lion of", Rep. No. FGT-2343, (Sept. 10, 1959)
I CODE 32021
Pl!.t::~ rn
REVISE D MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
1.08 Melting and Cnstlng Practice. OU, gas (or electric) fired
1.04 Compositio n. Table I. 04.
furnaces. Continuously cast Ingots up to 32 In dia or
16 x 64 m rectangular .
TABLB 1 04
'SQ;.rce AMS I 1.09 Special Considerati ons
Percent 1.091 Overheated material exhibiting eutectic melting or high
Min Max temperatur e oxidized material should not be used and
3.8 4.9 cannot be salvaged by reheat treating.
Copper
Magnesium 1. 2 1. 8 1.092 Quenching must be performed with a minimum delay, see
Manganese 0.30 0.9 4.047.
Iron
SUlcon
-
-
0.50
0.50
1.093 If room temperatur e aged conditions are heated above
!50 P for several hours or above 200 F for more than a
--
0.25 few minutes, they become susceptible to lntergranuj, ar
Zinc corrosion.
Chromium 0.10
Other lmpurtties 1.094 Aluminum alloys exhibit various types of dlrectionall ty.
each
total
-- 0.05
0.15
All conditions which are subjected to cold work after
heat treatment, Including straightenin g or flattening,
Balance possess, in the longitudinal direction, a compressiv e
Aluminum
yield strength, which iB lower than tbe tz:nsUe yield
strength, or the so called "Bauschlng cr effect". In !he
1.05 Heat Treatment transverse direction this clfect Is reversed. 2024-T4 doe.!
1. 051 Anneal not show this directionali ty. Extrusions may also possess
Anneal hea~ treated material to 0 Cond'ttion, 775 F, 2 to 3 a different type of directionali ty due to preferred grain
!. U>ll
hr, cool 50 F per hr maximum to 500 F, (2, p. 103). orientation, which Is usually associated with very high
intermediat e anneal during repeated cold working 0 Condi- longltodlna! tensile str~ngth. Finally the ductility of bar,
1.0512
tion. 650 F, time In furnace only to bring all parts to forgings, extrusions and plate Is generally considerabl y
temperatur e. This anneal can also be applied to heat lower In the short transverse direction than in the longitu-
treated material it only moderate form tOR operations are dinal direction, with tbe long transverse direction having
CODE 3203
PAGE
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1963
1ntennedtate properties. Typical stress strain curves 3,02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature. See 3, 03
AI In tension and compression for sbeet, bar and extrusions also.
In T~ and T4 Conditions, Fig. 1. 094. Stress strain curves 3,021 Hardness. Table 3, 02L
4.5 Cu In dlfferent test directions, see Clad 2024, Fig 3, 021. 3.022 Effect or exposure to elevated temperatures on room tern-
perature tensile properties of alloy In T4 Condition, Flg.
1.5 Mg 2, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPBRTIBS 3.022.
0.6 Mn 2.01 Thermal Properties
3.023 Effect of exposure to elevated temperatures on room tern-
perature tensile properties of alloy .In T81 Condition, Flg.
2,011 Melting range. 935 to 1180 F, (2, p.101). 3.023.
2024 2.012 Phase changes. Subject to preclpltstion below 77 5 F. 3.024 Effect of exposure to elevo:ctl temperatures on room tern-
2,013 Thermal conductivity, Flg. 2. 013. perature tensile properties a! alloy In T86 Condition, Flg.
2.014 Thermal expansion, F lg. 2, 014. 3.024
2.015 8pecWc heat, Fig. 2. 015. 3.025 Eftect of one hour exposure to elevated temperktures on
2.016 Emissivity. In air at room temperature 0.03!i to 0. 07, room temperature tensile properties ol. sbeet In T3, T81
(20, p. 983). and T86 Condition, Flg. 3. 025.
3.026 Effect of prestraln on room temperature tensile properties
2.62 Other Physical Properties of sheet In T36 Cou:lltioo, Flg. 3. 026.
2.021 Density. 0.100 lb per cu ln. 2. 77 gr per cu em, (2, p.I01). 3.027 Effect of exposure and time of aging at 375 F on room tern-
2,022 Electrical resistivity. 0 Condition, 1. 36 microhm ln. perature tensile properties of sheet In T36 Condition, Flg.
T3, T36 and T4 Conditions, 2.26 mlcrobm ln, (19, p.938). 3.027.
2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy Is nonmagnetic. 3.028 True fracture stress and reduction 01 area of plate In T4
Condition In dlfferent .test directions, Fig. 3. 028.
2,03 Chemical Properties 3.029 Ratio of bending modulus of rupture to tensile strength for
2.031 Corrosion resistance tubing In T3 and T4 Conditions, Fig. 3. 029.
2. 0311 General corrosion resistance Is considerably Inferior to
copper and zinc free alloys, particularly In marine at- 3,03 Mechanical Prope.:tles at Various Temperatures
mospberes. 3,031 Short time tension properties
2. 0312 Intergranular and stress corrosion will usually not occur 3, 0311 Stress strain curves ior sbeet ln T4 Condition, Flg. 3, 0311,
unless heat treatment was faulty or tbe metsl was exposed 3, 0312 Stress strain curves for sheet u.nd plate ln T3, T6, T81
to temperatures ln excess of tbelr aging temperatures. and T86 Conditions, Fig. 3. 0312.
Such overaglng for a short time may result In suscepti- 3,0313 Stress strain curves for bar and extrusions ln T4 Condi
bility to lntergranular corrosion due to gratn boundary tion, Fig. 3, 0313.
precipitation, but longer erposure wlll eliminate this 3.0314 Btfect of exposure and test temperature on tensile proper-
condition. ties of alloy ln 0 and T3 Conditions, Flg. 3. 0314.
Tbe room temperalllre aged conditions may develop sus- 3,0315 Btfect of exposure and test temperature on tensile proper-
ceptibWty to lntergranular corrosion If heated above 150 F, ties of alloy ln T4 Condition, Fig. 3. 0315.
2.032 OXidation resU.tance 3.0316 Btfect of exposure and test temperature on tensile proper
2. 0321 General oxidation resistsnce ln aoy atmosphere Is good ties of alloy In T81 Condition, Flg. 3, 0316.
until melting. 3.0317 Btfect of exposure and test temperature on tensile proper
2.0322 High temperature oxidation comprizlng chemical reactions ties of alloy ln T86 Condition, Fig. 3. 0317.
between the magnesium phase (Mg2Si) and furnace atmos- 3.0318 Short time master curves !or ultimate and yield strengths
pberes contslnlng bumidlty or a small amount of sulfurous on heating of alloy In T3 Condition, Fig. 3, 0318.
gases may occur on heat treating or annealing. 3.03!9 Effect of low test temperatures on tensile properties of
sheet In T3 Condition, Fig. 3. 0319
3.03110 Effect of low test temperature on tensile properties of
3. MECHANICAL PROPBRTIBS. See Clad 2024 also. sheet and plate In T4 Condition, t'lg. 3.03110.
3.032 Short ilme proPFrties other thiU. tension
3.01 SpecWed Mechanical Properties 3. 0321 Btfect of low test temperalllre on Impact strength of alloy
3.011 Alununum Association specWed mechanical properties for In T3 Cnndition, Fig. 3, 032L
sheet, plate, bar, and tubing ln 0 Condition, Table 3. 011. 3.033 Ststic stress concentration effects
3.0331 Btfects of notch sharpness and depth on notch strength of
TABL B 3 011 bar ln T3 Condition, Flg. 3, 0331.
Source 2, p. 31, 53 60 66 3.0332 Btfccts of notch sharpness and depth on notch strength of
Allov Al-4. 5Cu-l. SM~tO. 6Mn bar In T86 Condition. Flg. 3. 0332.
Fonn Sheet, plate Bar Extruded rod, Drawn 3.0333 Effect of low test lemperature on notch strength of sheet
bar, tube,ahapes tube In T3 Condition, Fig. 3. 0333.
r.nndltlnn 3.0334 Effect of low test temperature on notch strength of sheet
Thlcknes s - In 0.0.10 to n5oo to <8.00 All All and plate In T3 Condition, Fig. 3. 0334.
0,499 1, 750
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
Ptu, max - kal 32 32 35 35 32 3.041 Creep and creep rupture curves for r.lloy In T3 Condition
Fty, max - ksl
e, mln-percent
14
12
-
12
-
16
19
12
15
- 3,042
at 300 to 600 F, Fig, 3, 041.
Creep and creep rupture curves for alloy In T4 Condition
at 212 to 600 F, Fig. 3. 042.
3.012 Aluminum Association specified mechanical properties for 3.043 Creep and creep rupture curves for alloy ln T81 Condition
nat sheet and plate In T3 and T36 Condition, Table 3. 012. at 212 to 600 F, F lg. 3. 043.
3.013 Alwnlnum Association specified rr.echanlcal properties for 3,044 Creep and creep rupture curves for alloy In T86 Condition
coiled sheet, sheet and plate In T4, T351, T42, T6, T81 at 212 to 600 F, F lg. 3, 044.
and T851 Conditions, Table 3. 013. 3,045 Isochronous stress strain curves In tension at 300 and
3.014 Aluminum Association specified mechanical properties for 400 F for alloy ln T6 Condition, Fig, 3, 045.
nat obeet and plate In T86 Condltioo and wire, rod and bar 3.046 laochronous stress strain curves In tension at 300 and
In T4, T351, T6, T651 Conditions, Table 3. 014. 400 F for alloy 1n T81 Condition, Fig. 3, 046.
3.015 Aluminum Association specified mechanical properties for 3.047 laochr<mous stress etraln curves ln tension at 300 and
extrllied rod, bar aDd shapes In T4, T3510, T3511, T42, 400 F for alloy ln T86 Condition, Flg. 3. 047.
T81, T8510 and T8511 Conditions, Table 3. 015. _
3.016 Aluminum Association speclf!Od mechanical properties for 3.05 Fatigue Properties
extruded tube In T4 and T42 Condition aud drawn tube In 3.051 Fatigue strength of smooth and notched specimens of alloy
T3 and T4 Coodltlon. Table 3. 016. In T4 Condition, Table 3. OSL
CODE 3203
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
TABLE 3 012
Source
Allov
2, p.31
.6) -4. 5Cul. 5Mg-o. OMD
AI
Form Plat sheet Flat sheet and plate 4.5 Cu
Coadltlon T3 T3o
Width In All < 30 > 30 toS48 > 48 tos60 >60 1.5 Mg
Thickness - In 0.008t 0.010 tc no21 to no20to n063to fl020to no63to n250to no20to no63to n250to no63to n2SOto
0.009 0.020 0.299 0.062 0.499 0.500
0.062 0.249 0.500 0.062 0.249 0.500 0.249 0.499 0.500 0.6 Mn
Fru,mln -ksl 63 64 64 69 69 69 69 69 69 67 68 67 67 66 66
Ftyo min tal 42 42 42 52 52 52 52 52 52 50 51 50 50 49 49 2024
e, min - percent 10 12 15 8 9 10 8 9 10 8 9 10 8 9 10
TABLE 3 013
Source (2, p.32)
AliO'L Al-4.5Cu-1.5M g-0.6Mn
Fi>rm CoUed sheet Plate Sheet and late
Condition 4 T4 and T351 (1)(2 T42 T6 r81Ji.llll TBSll.l
Thickness - In 010to n021to n250t n500t LOOlto L501 to 2.001t n2SOtc n500tc LOOl tc LSD! to 2.001 to not2tc OlOto fl500to
0.020 0.249 0.499 1.000 1.500 2.000 3.000 0.499 1.000 1.500 2.000 3.000 0.499 >0.500 0.499
1.000
Ftu min -ksl 62 02 04 oz 'ou au :.o O<l oz ou au :>l:l O<l
Fty> min -tal 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 38 38 38 38 38 50 ~; ~~
~
e, min -percent 12 15 12 8 7 6 4 12 8 7 6 4 5 5 5 5
(1) WhUP. the properties shown are the same for stress relieved as well as basic temper, other
properties and characteristic s may differ
somewhat.
(2) Upon artUiclal aging T351 temper material shall be caps~le of developing properties appllcat
le to the T81 and T851 tempers.
TABLE 3 014
Source 2, _p. 32, 49)
Allov Al-4. 5Cu-1. 5Mg-O. 6Mn
Form Flat sheet and Dlate
Condition Wire. rnd and bar
T86 T"II?I:!SI tn\'t.'ffi~ 11 TR~
Width In ~30 >30tct..S.48 >48to~60 >_60_
Thickness - In 0.020to no63to n25o to no2o to no63 to n250 to no2o to n063 to n250 to no63
to n250to
0.249 0.500 :;:6.sJ1 ~6.5ri:Jl ::. 6.sJ,l
0.062 0.249 0.500 0.062 0.249 0.500 0.062 0.249 0.500
Fru. min -tal 72 72 72 72 72 71 70 71 70 71 70 62 62 66
Fty. min -tal 66 68 67 66 67 66 62 67 b5 66 64 40 50 58
e, min- percent 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 10 5 5
(1) Maximum diameter for rounds Is 6, 500 Inches, for square, rectangular, hexagonal
or octagonal bar maximum thickness Is 4 Inches and
36 sq 1n maximum cross-sectiona l area.
TABLE 3 015
Source (2,_p.53)
Allov Al4.5Cu-l. 5Mg-o. 6Mn
Form Extruded rnd, tar and shapes
Ccrndltlo~ T4, T3510 and T3511 T42 . T81 T8510 and T8511
Area-~ln All 25to32
"25 All "25 25to32 All <32
Thickness - In n25o to n750 to n7so to
s0.249 ~ 1.500 21.500 so. 749 no5o to n2so to
o. 749 1.499 21.500 ~.500 .2:1.500
1.499 0.249 1.499
Fru, min -tal 57 60 65 70 68 57 57 57 57 64 66 66
Fty min tal 42 44 46 52 48 38 38 38 38 56
e,
58 58
mln .. percent 12 12 10 10 8 12 10 10 8 4 5 5
TABLE 3 016
1!;.,.,,.,. .. I p.OU)
Allov Al-4. 5Cu-l. 5MgO, OMn
Fnrm Extrud..:l tube Drawu tube
Cnndltlnn T4 T42 T3 T4
A1ea - aq In All All s25 25to32 ..:25 25to32
TABLB 3 021 alloy, as compared with tbe effect of unstressed aging, ill
AI Soun:e (13, p.20) practically independent of time of prior creep at tbis
Condition
4.5 Cu 0
BHN S()()k 10 mml particular creep stress (WADCTR SS-214). (21, p.l7).
47 3.057 Effect of surface and T3 Condition on fatigue strength of
1.5 Mg T3, T4, T351 120 alloy, Table 3. 057.
T36 130
0.6 Mn T81 128 TADLB 3 057
T86 135 Source (33
IA\Iov AI-4.5Cu-1. 5Mg-u.6Mn
2024 Condition T3
TABLB 3 051 Reverse Bending
I en. ...... _13, p.HU) Maximum Stress 30
I Pnrm Rolled rod Dlate and ""'"'"l<>n ksi
lillov Al-4. 5Cu-l. 5Mg-O. 6Mn Surface Condition Cycles of Fatigue No. of specimens
rc;;;.dltlo T4 Life
Temp Method Stress Stress Fatigue Strength - bl As received i66 000 4-
p Ratio Concen- at~e Chemical removal
"Ara uadon !0
5 106
10 108 Sxto8 of Surface 433,000 7
RT Rot ao -1 Smooth 38 to 26 to 19 to 17 to 16 to Micro Peened
beam K=l 49 37 29 25 24 20 sec 933,000 4
Notched 20to 14 to 10 to 8 to 8to Micro Peened
K=8 2H 21 17 15 15 60 sec 1, 095,000 1
3.052 Fatigue .r.reogth uf sheet and bar In various conditions, 3.058 S-N curves at room and law temperature s br rod in T4
TUlle 3. 052. Condition, Fig. 3. 058.
CODE 3203
PAGE 4
AIW I
REVISEDMARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
CODE 3203
AIW I
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDo MARCH 1963
60
- 1),30
- -
Al-4,5Cu-1,5Mg-0.6 Mn
"'-l
"'
T4COND L---"
f:l 0,20
~
c.
~
0.10
0 200 400 600 800
TBMP- P
~---r--~~~~~~~
Al-4. 5cu-1. 5Mg-O. 6Mn
T4 COND
~60 --+-.:~~~---4 40 i2
STRAIN - IN PBR IN
i: i=!
FIG. 1. 094 TYPIC.".L STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN TEN- "' 40 20
"'
SION AND COMPRBSSION FOR S!iBBT, BAR
AND EXTRUSIONS IN T3 AND T4 CONDI-
TIONS (3, p. 84)
20
~ 0
~o
"'
c.
0
..:
0 200 800
~80~--~~~--~~~~~--4
"'"'
!-- FIG. 3.022 EFFECT OF EXPC6URETO ELEVATED
0 200 400 600 800
"' TBW.P- F
TEMPERATURES ON ROOM TEMPERA-
TURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY
FIG. 2, 013 Til !iRMA L CONDUCTIVITY IN T4 CONDrriON (4)
(25, p-11)
3203
AIWT
REVISEDMARCHI963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
T3
Al-4. 5Cu-1.5Mg-Q . 6Mn AI
80 4.5 Cu
1.5 Mg
70 0.6 Mn
;;:;
:..: 2024
801---~
60
so
20 COND+
10
~
al
u
20 !5
....
~u
..
TEMP- F
..: 0
.... oiO FIG. 3.025 EFFECT OF ONE HOUR EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED TEM-
PERATURES ON ROOM TEMPERATURE TEJI51LE PROPER-
TIES OF SHEET IN T3, T8l.AND T86 CONDITION
0 (31 Code 1. A.1. 5.1)
0 200 400 600 800
TBMP- F
90
Al-4'. SCu-I.SMg-0 . 6Mn
SHEET
T36 COND
80 ~
.. ~
1--...n.
FTU
o- - -
;;:;
... 70
fl
}
I
60 0 ~
...i:! ;;:; 7
.... -o- -o-- - .---- 60
40 0
:..:
>-
u.!'"
v- 1.----
It
FTY
6
T L AGIOO TIME AT 375 F
20 A 0
t:.
9HR
NONE
50
20
~u
.....
0
..: 40 .
~
u 10
..."'
l1l
- e(2 IN)
.n..
--
oA
0
0 4 6 10
FIG. 3.024 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO PRESTRAIN - PERCENT'
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE FIG. 3.026 EFFECT OF PRES'rnAIN ON ROOM TF.MPBRA-
TEJI51LE PROPERTIES OF TURE TEJI51LB PROri!RTli!.S OF SHEET IN T36
ALLOY IN T86 CONDITION CONDITION (31 !';ode J. A. 1. 5. 2)
(6)
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEOMARCH 1963
80 1.6
AI Al-4. scu-1. s~:o. 6Mn
4.5
1.5
Cu
Mg ~
FTU
SHEET
T36 COND
0
;;;
:.: 1.4 \ Al-4. SCu-1. SMg-0. 6Mn
ITUlllNG
T3 AND T4 COND
0.6 Mn ~ [l
70
u.
::J
1-o
f.2
\
2024
0~
60 Pa!FTU
v FTY
0
-
j: I. 0
1!:.
a."' 0.8
""' ~"'--..:
~
1-- r--
~
s0
20 0.6
T L 15 ~IN EXP AGEDAT375 F
0 NONE 0 10 20 30 40 so 60 70
0~. 0
430F
70 F
RATIO OF TUBE DIAMETER TO WALL nflCJCNBSS - D/t
r---
.. e(2 IN)
-
FIG. 3.029 RATIO BENDING MODULUS OF RUPTURE TO TEN-
SILE STRENGTH FOR TUBING IN T3 AND T4 CONDI
TIONS (3, p. !17)
0
4 8 10
AGlNG TIME - HR
70
--
Al-4. SCu-1. SMg-0. 6Mn
0. 064 IN SHEET
T4 COND
-~
-----
60
~r- 300F
so / ~ 400F
v-
40 ~
-~
i'
30
20
10
LOR LT 80 60 40 20 0 ~ ST
TBNSIIN T
ANGLE BETWEEN SPECIMEN AXIS AND NORMAL
0
(ST) DIRECTION - DEGREES
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12
FIG. 3.028 TRUE FRACTURE STRESS AND REDUCTION STRAIN - IN PER IN
OF AREA OF PLATE IN T4 CONDITION IN FIG. 3.03ll STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET lN T4 CONDITION
DIFFERENT TEST DIRECTIONS (26)
i27, Fig. 19)
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
40
i2
30
20
10
TENSION
0
STRAIN - IN PER IN
T86 CONDmON (14)
FIG. 3, 0312 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEB'l' AND PLATE IN T3, T6, T81 AND
TBN lON
2024
E
20~~~,_~~~~~~~---+~~
a"'
I
~~'+---+---+---+---+--rF---i.f!l
80
0~----._ ____._____._____._____.___ ~
--l~,.....---1--_,o ~
I
~
~60~--~~--~----~~~ "'
E
80
~----~----~----~-----------T-----,100
Al-4. seu-1. SMg-o. 6Mn 120
Al-4. SCu-1. SMg-0. 6Mn
TB6 COND 0. 025 IN SHEET
AI
100
~ T3 CONDITION 4.5 Cu
1.5 Mg
-~ FTU
0
L
T 0.6 Mn
(;
~~
""
...... ~
~ ~- ~
.o
2024
0
.'0..
r:::-- t---
FTY.
-- 1---o
0 g.-
e(21N) --...
20~----+-----~----~----~~~+----4 0
EXPOSURE AT ELEVATED TEMP -.fOO -300 -200 -100 0 100
1/2 TEMP- F
0100
0 .1000
FIG. 3.0319 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPERATURES ON
80 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHE!IT IN TJ CONDITION
(32, MRG 190 p.IS),
e (4D)
10
\
\ 1\.
T TBMP OP YIB~ OR RUI'TURB, F
h HBAiG RATBi P PBR SiC "
0
16 24 32 .fO 56 -300. -200 -100 0 100
(T + 200) I (Log h + 19) TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 0318 SHORT TIME MASTER CURVES FOR ULTIMATE' FIG. 3. 03110 EFFECT OF LO".Y TEST TEMPERATURE ON TEN-
YIELD STRENGTHS ON HEATING OF ALLOY IN SILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND PLATE IN T4
T3 CONDmON (9. p. 46) CONDITION (32, MRG 190 p.l6, 17)
I CODE 32031
A1WT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED' MARCH 1963
AI
4.5 Cu
1.5 Mg
8
... _.
Al-4. 5Cu_-L SMg-0.6Mii
T3COND
_.
0.6 Mn m~KBYHO~B
0
2024 -600 200 0 200
:J 80
TBUPP
FIG. 3. 0321 BFPBCJ' OF LOW TBST 'l'BMPBRA-
~
'JURE ON IMPACT sntBNGTII OP
..... L NOTCH STRBNGTH
ALLOY IN T3 CONDlTION
(17, p.1-13.2) -o-T
40
-400 -300 200 100 0 100
TEMP F
NOTCH
60~------~- -------~--- ---~~
Ll 1 W ~
NOTCH SHARPNE!SS o/r
1~
NOTCHDBPIH
~~------~-
L1 I -----~----
~
--~-J
~
NO'CCH SHARI'NBSS - a/r TEMP P
PIG. 3, 0332 BPPBCTS OP NOTCH SHARPNBSS AND DBPTH PIG. 3, 0334 EFPBCT OF LOW TBST TBMPBRATURB ON
ON NOTCH STRBNOTH OP BAR IN T86 NOI'CH STRBNGTH OF SHBBT AN> PLATS IN
CONOITION (10, p. 42) T3 CON>rriON (32, MRG 190 p.16, 17)
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
BOr-~------,-----~~------~~ 80
Al-4. SCu-L 5Mg-D.6Mn
212P Al-l. SCu-L SMg-D. 6Mn AI
~r--;-------r------,_~T~3~C~O~ND+-~ ~ T81COND
- ~ ---
~ -==::-::-:::::- ~F 1.5 Mg
1-----:r--. ........
. --.....--~
........
.
-.. 400F
. 0.6 Mn
........... '
.......
......
1or-~~~--~~~~~~--~d-~ 10
... ..... ......
. ...... .......
58r-~~~d-----~~~~~ I'
... .... !'......
'
I' ...................
~8
.........
6 . '
' ' , ......................
.... 600F
=-= o; tRBEP
' .. r- '......
---- 0.
100 1000 0.1 10 100 1000
TIMB-HR 11MB -HR
FIG. 3. 041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR PIG. 3. 043 CREBP AND CREBP RUPTURE CURVES FOR ALLOY IN
ALLOY IN T3 CONDITION AT 300 TO 600 F (7) TSl CONDmON AT 212 TO 600 F (5)
- - Jl
=-~= O.~CREBP
--- 0.2i
10 100 1000
TIMB -HR
FIG. 3. 00 CRBBP AND CRBBP RUPTURE CURVES FOR
ALLOY IN T.f CONDmON AT 212 TO 600 F (4)
CODE 3203
PAGE 13
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISE DMAR CH 1963
100 60
AI Al-4. SCu-1. SMg-D. 6Mn
80
4.5 Cu T86 COND
60 212 F
1.5 Mg
SHORT
0.6 Mn
40 TIME
, "' ~
2024 40
/
20
20
0~---
0 o.-~---
004 -~---
o. 008 -~---
0 o.-~---
004 -~--- -
o. 012
STRAIN-IN PER IN
=R~~
(11)
- - 0.5% CREEP
---- 0.2
0.1 10 100 1000
TIMB- HR
FIG. 3.044 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR ALLOY
IN
TS6 CONDmO N AT 212 TO 600 F (6 )
50
SHORT
SHORT
TIME
TIME/ "'
40 /
40
I
I
30
fJ
20
400 F
TENSION
~~--~o-.o~04----~o.~oo-s----~---o-.~004L----o-.4oo-s---o~.012
STRAIN-IN PER IN
FIG. 3. 045 ISOCHRONOUS STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN TENSiON
AT 300 AND 400 F FOR ALLOY IN T6 CONDITION FIG. 3. 047 ISOCHRONOUS STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN TENSION
AT 300 AND oo F FOR ALLOY IN T86 CONDITION
(11)
(11)
CODE 3203
PAGE 14
REVISE Do MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
'ot:;
40
A1-4. scu-1. SMg-O. 6Mn AI
BAR AND EXTRUSIONS 4.5 Cu
5 I T4CON
0 CYCLES 1.5 Mg
- 30
!.2
0.6 Mn
~
IQ
..: 2024
t;
0
~ 10
~
IQ
~
< 0
-20 0 20 40 60
MEAN STRESS - KS1
NUMBER OP CYCLES
6~~~~----~----~----~----_.--~~
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
TEMP- P
FIG. 3.061 MODULliSOF ELASTICITY AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
TBMPBRATURBS (18, p.3X28)
--
60
A14. scu-1. ~Mg:O~ 6Mn
SHEET
~ ............
T T3-COND
:-- t <0.2 iO IN
1--
L -h:::--~
20
B.r
CO~ION
0~-~~--~--~~~~~--~
0 w ~ ~
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
MBAN STRESS - KSI
1000 ICSI
PIG. 3. 054 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAMS POR BAR AND FIG. 3. 062 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR
EXTRUSIONS lN T4 CONDITION (16, p. 24) SHEET IN T3 CONDmON (3, p. 81)
CODE 3203
PAGE 15
I~VIU"C.I'CI'CUU:S ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1963
60
AI AI-4. SCu-1. SMg-0. 6Mn 3
Al-4. 5Cu-1.5M g-O. 6Mn
4.5 Cu T4COND 0.064 IN Sl-fBBT
1.5 Mg .a T4 COND
0.6 Mn
2024 ~ 20
0
0 2 .
10001CSI
6 8
SSION FOR
12
100 200
---
OCOND
300
FORMING TEMP - F
~
FIG. 4.016 BPFBCT OF FORMING TEMPER ATURE
ON BBND FACTOR IN RUBBER FORMING
OF SHEBT IN 0 AND T4 CONDrn ONS
100r7?-r-r-----~--~~~~~~ (30, p. 481)
~,
AI- .5Cu-1.5 Mg-0.6M n
SHBBT
-e-T8 1 COND
--o--:r86 COND
.>:
: ~~~~~~~~~~-+----~~--~
~
500
12
Al-4. scu-1. 5Mg . 6Mn
1HICKNESS, T - IN
CODE 3203
PAGE 16
AIWT
REVISEDMARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
COOf:
AIWT
REV I SED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
1. GBNBRAL
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PRCI'BRTIBS
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of 2024
sheet, strip and plate it is clad with high purity (99. 3%+) AI
2.01 Thermal Properties. See 2024 also.
aluminum (1230). nus impsrta to Clad 2024 a corrosion
resistance equal to that of pure aluminum, llllless it is 2.011 Thermal conductivit y. T3 and T4 Conditions, 70.2 Btu ft 4.5 Cu
overheated . The claddJng reduces the strength of 2024 by per (hr sq ft F). T6 Condition, 84.7 Btu ft per (hr sq ft F).
about 5 percent. In most respecta Clad 2024 behs ves in the 2.012 Thermal expansion from RT to 212 F, 12. 6xlo-6 in per in
1.5 Mg
same manner as bare 2024, sheet, strip and plate.
2.013
perF. 0.6 Mn
Spec1flc heat. 0. 23 Btu per (lb F).
1. 01 Commercia l Designation . Clad 2024.
2.03 Chemical Properties CLAD2 024
1.02 Alteriulte Designation s. Alclad 2024. Clad 24 S (obsolete). 2.031 Corrosion resistance
2.0311 The general corrosion resistance of clad material is con-
1.03 Specificatio ns. Table 1.03. slderably superior to that of bare metal as the cladding
possesses an inherent corrosion resistance comparable
to that of pure aluminum. Since the cladding is more
TARLE I ' "
AMS Form Military anodic than the core material, the core is protected even
4034 Plate,(T351 Cond) when It is exposed.
4036 Clad one side sheet (T3 Cond~ plate (T4 2. 0312 The corrosion resistance is Impaired by copper diffusion
Cond) into the cladding during heating and heat treating for times
4040 E Sheet, plate (0 Cond) exceeding the required minimum time or repeated heat
4041 F Sheet, (T3 Cond) plate, (T4 Cond) treating.
4042 E Sheet, plate, (T36 Cond) 2.032 OXidation resistance. See 2024.
- Sheet, plate (T6, T81, T86 Cond) MlLA-870 5
3. MBCHANIC.\L PROPERTIES. See 2024 also and deduct
3 to 10 percent from strength values, depending on thick
1.04 Compositio n. Table 1. 04. ness of cladding.
TARI.R I 114 3. 01 Specified Mechanical Propertir.s
Source
A\.!5 I) - 3. Oil Aluminum Association specified mechanical properties for
Core Claddirun clad sheet and plate in 0 Condition, Table 3. 011.
Percent Percent
Min Max Min Max
TABLB 3 0 II
---
Copper 3. 8 4.9 0.10 Source (2. D.3l)
Magnelium
Manganese
1. 2
0.30
1. 'I!
0.9
- AlltW
Porm
A 4.5 u-1. 5MgO. OMII
Sheet Phte
---
Iron } 0.05
0.50 Condition
' o. 7 o
---
SUI con 0.50 p.008 to 0.010 to 0.033 to 0.063 to O:iOOlo
Zinc 0.25 0.10 'Thlclcneu - In 0.009 0.032 0.062 0.499 1. 750
Chromium
Other Impurttieo
0.10 - - Pru, max - kll 30 30 30 32 32
-- -- -8
each 0.05 Ffl, max - kll 14 14 14 14
0.05 e( In), min-percen t
TABLE3 0!2
AI Source 2 p.32 33
Alloy Al-4. 5Cu-!.5Msr~O. 6Mn
4.5 Cu Form Flat sheet Flat sheet and plate
Condition T3 T36
1.5 Mg Width- h All ~ 48 > 48 .::60 > bO
Clad thickness - % 5 5 5 2 1/2 I I 2 5 2 1/2 I 1/2 5 2 I 2 I 1/2 I 1/2 2 1/2 I 1/2
0.6 Mn Thickness - In 0.008 0.010 0.02! O.Oo3 0.188 0.020 0.063 0.188 0.020 0.053 0.!88 0.25( 0.063 0.!88 0.250
to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
CLAD 2024 0.009 0.020 0.052 0.249 0.249 0.062 0.499 0.499 0.0J2 0.499 0.249 0.49! 0.499 0.249 0.499
Ftu min -ksl 58 59 59 62 63 62 66 67 bl 65 6o 66 64 65 65
Ftr min -ksl 39 39 39 40 41 48 50 51 47 49 50 49 48 49 48
e( In) min - percent 10 12 15 15 15 8 9 9 8 9 9 9 9 9 9
For plate 0. 500 In or over In thickness the clad has been removed to prepare specimens and therefore the properties are for core
material only. The actual composite properties would le slightly lower. For values see 2024.
TABLE3 013
1 Source 2 n.33 34
Allov AI-4.5Cu-l. 5M"O. 6Mn
Form Coiled sheet Plate Sheet and olate Sheet and plate
Cnndltlnn T4 T4 T351 T42 T6
Width- in All All All All
Clad thlckn~ss-'E: 5 5 2 1/2 2 1/2 I 1/2 5 5 5 2 i/2 I i/2 2 f/2 I i/2 5 2 1/2 1 1/2
Thickness - In 0.010 0.021 0.068 0.250 0.250 0.008 0.010 0.021 0.0~3 0.188 0.250 0.250 0.010 0.063 0.188
to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to
0.020 0.062 0.128 0.499 0.499 0.009 0.020 0.062 0.249 0.249 0.499 0.499 0.062 0.499 0.499
Ftw min -ksl 58 58 61 62 63 55 56 56 59 60 62 n3 60 62 62
Ff'I'mIn -ksi 37 37 38 40 40 34 34
12
34 36 37 38 38
12
47 49 49
5
e( In) min-percent 12 15 15 12 12 10 15 !5 15 12 5 5
See footnO!e for Table 3. 012.
TABLE 3 0!4
Snnrc~ 2, o.34
Atlnv Al-4. 5Cu-!. SM .. -0. 6Mn
Form Flat sheet and plate
"novlltlnn T8! and T85! T86
Wlrlth- In All <30 > 30 ~48
r.lorl thldn~sR '1. 5 2 1/2 I I 2 5 2 I 2 I I 2 2 1 2 I !72 5 2 I 2 I 1 2 2 I 2 1 I 2
Thickness - In 0.010to O.Oo3 to 0.188 to 0.020 tc 0.063to 0.!88 to p. 250 to 0. 250 to 0.020 to 0.063 t 0.!88to 0.250 to 0. 2~0 to
0.062 0.499 0.499 0.062 0.249 0.249 0.499 0.499 0.062 0.249 0.249 0.499 0.499
Ftu min -ksl 62 65 66 66 70 71 70 71 (>() IU IT 0~ /U
54 56 57 62 66 6i 65 66 62 65 66 64 65
Ft{ min ksl
e( In) mIn -percent 5 5 5 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4
3,032 Short time properties other than tension 3,04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties, See 2024.
3,0321 Stress sttaln curves In compression for sheet In T3 Con- 3.041 Short time total attain curves for sheet In T81 Condition
dition at room and elevated temperatures, Fig, 3, 0321, at 300 to 600 F, Fig, 3, 041.
3,0322 Stress attain curves In compression for sheet In T81 and 3,042 Short time total attain curves for sheet In T86 Condition
T86 Conditions at room and elevated temperatures, F lg. at 300 to 600 F, Fig. 3. 042,
3,0322,
3,0323 Effect of exposure and test temperature on compressive 3,05 Fatigue Properties, See 2024 also,
yield strength of sheet In T3, T81 and T86 Conditions, Fig, 3,051 Fatigue strength of alloy In various Conditions, Table
3,0323. 3.051.
3,0324 Effect of exposure and test temperature on shear strength
of sheet In T3, T81 and T86 Conditions, Fig. 3. 0324, 3.06 Blastic Properties. See 2024 also,
3.0325 Effect of exposure and test temperature on bearing proper- 3.061 Clad aluminum alloys have two separate modulus values,
ties of sheet In T3 Condition, Fig. 3, 0325. The Initial, or primary, modulus is substantially the same
3.0326 Effect of exposure and test tEmperature on bearing proper- cs that of the core material. It applies up to stresses near
ties of sheet In TSl and T86 Conditions, Fig, 3, 0326. the yield strength of the clnddlng. Above this point the
3,033 Static stress concentration effects material exhibits a secondary modulua up to the elastic
limit of the core material, The secondary modulus Is from
....... ,..
CODE 32'04
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
4. FABRICATION
ln most respects this materisl performs In much the same
manner as Its core material, 2024. Exceptions are i.l!;ted
below.
4. 03 Welding
4. 031 Resistance welding of clad sheet In the best treated condi-
tlons can be performed with special practices and over a
narrow range of machine settings without reduction In
corrosion resistance,
TABLB 4 043
Source (12
Thickneoe - In Maximum Soaking Time - min
Salt Bath Air Furnace
~0.016 15 0 25
0, 017 to 0, 020 20 30
0, 021 to 0. 03~ 25 35
0, 033 to 0, 063 30 40
0, 064 to 0, 090 35 45
o. 091 to o. 125 40 50
0, 126 to 0, 250 45 60
0, 251 to o. 500 55 70
0, 501 to 1. 000 70 100
1. 001 to 1. 500 100 130
1. 501 to 2. 000 115 160
2. 001 to 2. 500 130 190
2. 501 to 3_.000 160 220
3. 001 to 3. 500 175 250
_J,501 to 4 000 190 280
Total tlme In furnace when no load thennocouple 11 used 0,002 0.010
should not exceed Indicated tlmea by more than 35 mln If
thlckneu Ia 0. 102 In malllmum and 60 mln If thickness I.J
greater than 0.102 In FIG. 3.021 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN TENSION AND COM-
Times leo a than 20 mln may not yield full eolutlon PRESSION FOR SHEET IN T3AND T6CONDITIOI'IS
treatment (9)
3204
3
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS R.EVlSED MARCH 1963
i2 60
~...... STRETCHING IN L DIRBCTION
CST ETCHING IN T DIRBCTION
50
40
I
.....o-
a-,;
---
.o---
1--..o--- ~'cY
.........-: ~ - RT
0
0 2 4
STRETCH - PBRCBNl
T ION
60
601---- ..,
TBNSION
FIG. 3.0311 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET FIG. 3. 0313 EFFECT OF EXPaiURE AND TEST
IN T3 CONDITION AT ROOM AND TEMPERATURE ON TENSILB PROP
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES ERTIES OF SHEET INT3 CONDITION
(8, p.l7) (o, p. 96X7. p. 29)
CODE 32041
PAGE 4 I
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
...----r--..,--~~80
~~----~----~--~A~I-~4~.5C~u~-1~.~5M~g--~0~.6~M~n
Al-4. 5Cu-l. 5Mg-0.6Mn
0, 064 IN CLAD 5HBBT O. 0!>4 IN CLAD ~ET
AI
T81 COND 30 MIN EXPOSURE T3COND 4.5 Cu
1.5 Mg
0.6 Mn
CLA02024
Pl
}:.al---1---l~----1
600
~ 61~-----l~~..., 20
...1::
COMPRESSION
400 600
TBMP- P
0 0.002 0. 004 0. 006 0. 008 o. 010
STRAIN - IN PBR IN
FIG. 3. 0315 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
FIG. 3. 0322 STRESS STRAIN CURVES IN COMPRESSION
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
FORSHEET IN T81 AND T86 CONDITIONS AT
PROPERTIES OF SHEET IN T8b
CONDITION ROOM AND ELEVATED TEMPERATYRES
(5, p. 44)
(5, p.l37-!40, 149-152)
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCHI963
AI
4.5 cu.
1.5 Mg 40'1---1----tr--:F~--t---t
0.6 Mn
CLAD2024
20 -0-----2L00-----4~00~--~~~~
TBMP- F ' ,
FIG. 3. 0323 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEMPERATURE ON COMPRESSIVE
YIELD STRENGTH OF SHEET IN T3,
T81 AND T86 CONDITIONS
(5, p. 42, 44)(6, p. 97)
BXPOSURB
20 1---+----+-- e112 H
OIOOHR
000 HR
0 200 400 600 800
TBMP- F
FIG. 3. 0324 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST
TEMPERATURE ON SHEAR STRENGTH
OF SHEET IN T3, TBI AND T86 CONDI-
TIONS
(5, p. 42, 44)(6, p. 9b, 99)
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
100
80 AI
60 4.5 Cu
40
1.5 Mg
80 0.6 Mn
600 I'
u; CLAD2024
60~ ~ 20
ii!
"'
t1. 10
80 40
.2%
6 03%
.6.5%
60 20 4
0,001 0,1 10
~ TIME- HR
100r-------~------~~~~~~~~
20
80~------+-------~~
0
0 200 400 600 800
T.EMP- I'
10r-~~~r------t----~~~~~~
8~~--~------~----~----~
0. 001 0,01 0,1 10
TIME- HR
12.----,r---~~r--rr---
Al-4, 5Cu-1,5 Mg-0. 6Mn
0, 064 IN CLAD SHEET
T3COND
eE}
O Be T3COND
4
0 200 400 600 800
TEMP -I'
FIG. 3. 0326 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERA- FIG. 3. 062 MODULUS UF ELASTICITY IN TENSION
TURE ON BEARING PROPERTIES OF SHEET IN .liND COMPRESSION FOR SHEET IN T3
T81 ANDT86 CONDITIONS CONDITION AT ROOM AND ELEVATED
(5, p. 98, 102) TEMPERATURES (6, p. 96, 97)
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVI.SEO MARCH 1.963
60
AI Al-4. scu-l. SMg-0. 6Mn
4 TO' 0. 250 IN CLAD SHBI!T
4.5 Cu T3CON
1.5Mg 40
0.6 Mn 12
20
CLAD 2024
-I
I
0
0 2 6 8 10 12
1000 KSl
70
~
Al-4. SCu-1. SMg-0. 6Mn
0. 064 lN CLAD SHEET
60
~OOP ~ R'l"
TBICOND
~~ ~
50 r=:::::::- ~
~ ~~
~ REFERENCES
30
20
B.r
"" " ~
2
AMS 4034, Qune 30, 1960;
AMS 4036, Qan. 15, 1961)
.AMS 4040 E, (Apr. 15, 1958)
AMS 4041 F. (Aug. 15, 1958)
AMS 4042 E. (Aug. 15, 19S8)
The Aluminum Association, "Standards for Wrought J.lumlnum
Mill Products". (Aug. 1961)
3 Reynolds Metals Co., 'The Aluminum Data Book, Aluminum
COMPRESSION Alloys and Mill Products", Tbl. 55, (1958)
4 ANC-5, "Strength or Metal Aircraft Elements", (Mar. 1955)
~~ ~
200P T86 CO!IID and Nonferrous Structural Sheet Materials at Elevated Temper-
60
50
--R
400P
~ r--_
--...;;:
6
7
atures". WADC AF TR No. 6517, Pt. 3, Oune 1954)
Doerr. D. D., "Determinati on of Physical Properties of Ferrous
and Nonferrous Structural Sheet Materials at Elevated Tempera-
tures". WAi)C AF TR No. 6517, Pt. 1. (Dec. 1951)
Miller. D. E., "Determinati on of Physical Properties or Ferrous
and Nonferrous Structural Sheet Materials at Elevated Temper-
atures", WADC AF TR No. 6517, Pt. 5, (Dec. 1957)
~
8 Doerr, D. D., "Determinat ion or Physical Properties or Ferrous
and Nonferrous Structural Sheet Materials at Elevated Temper
atures", WADC AF TR No. 6517, Pt. 1. Sup. 1, (Feb. 1953)
9 Klinger, L. J. and Sachs, G., "Dependence of the Stress-Strain
Curves of Cold Worked Metals Upon the Testing Direction", J.
BT Aer. Set., Vol. IS, p. 151, (1948)
C O ,ON 10 Van Echo, J. A. Page. L. C., Summers, W, F. and Gross,
30 H. C . "Short-Time Creep Properties of Structural Sheet Mater
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 lals for Aircraft", WADC AF TR No. 6731, Pt. I. (Dec. 1951)
1000 KSl 11 Van Echo. J. A., Wirth, W. I'. and Slmmoos. W. F . "Shoi1-
Ttme Creep Properties of Structural Sheet Materials for Aircraft
FIG. 3.064 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR and Mlsaues", WADC AP Tit 6731. Pt. m, (May 1955)
SHF.I!T IN T81 AND T86 CONDITIONS AT ROOM AND 12 MIL H-60@8 B (ASG) Amendment I- Mil. Spec .. 'lleat Tre.ll
ELEVATEDTEMPERATURES (5, p.l89196) ment of Aluminum Allovs". Oan, .27, 1959)
....... ,
~------------------------- ------~-------------~""7!lt't-'T!"":~~
-
For.iilnis
Bar, rod, shapes
1'852, 1'87
O,T62
loo-A-3671' -
8221-64
1.0531
1.0532
T4 and stretch !or sheet and drawn tube to T31.
T4 and stretch i.5 to 3% !or plate to T351.
- (tube extruded) 1'8510, 1'8511 - 8221-64 1.0533
1.0534
T4 and stretch 1 to 311\ !or rod and bar tn T351.
T4 and cold work 2. 5% for forgings to T352.
1.0535 T4 and stretch 1% !or extrusions to T3511, T3510.
1.04 Composition 1.0536 T4 and cold work approximate 811\ !or sheet, plate and
1.041 Core material, Table 1.041. forgings to T37.
1.054 Modl!lcatlon of T4 by aging, (9).
TABLB I 041 1.0541 T4 and age 375F, 26 hours !or forgings to 1'6.
Source AMS 18\ 1.0542 T4 and age 375F, 36 hours (18 hours !or clad 2219) !or
Percent sheet, plate, extrusions, drawn tube, rod and bar, to
Min Max T62,
Copper 5.8 6.8 1.055 Modl!lcatlon of TJ by aging, (9).
Iron - 0.30 1.0551 T31 and age 350F, 18 hours !or sheet to 1'81.
Magnesium
Manganese
-
0.20
0.02
0.40
1.0552
1.0553
T:tl and age 375F, 18 hours !or drawn tube to 1'81.
T351 and age 350F, 18 hours !or plate to 1'851.
Slllcon
Titanium
-
0.02
0.20
0.10
!.0554
1.0555
T351 and age 375F, 18 hours !or rod and bar to T8~1-
T35i and age 350F, 18 hours !or forgings to 1'832.
Vanadium 0.05 0.15 1.0556 T351 and age 357F, i8 hours !or extrualo.~s to 1'8511,
Zinc
Zirconium
- 0.10
1. 0557
1'8510.
T37 and age 325F, 24 hours for sheet, plate and hand
0.10 0.25
Others Bach
Total
-- 0.05
0.15 1.056
rorglng to T8 7.
Natural aging from T4.
Aluminum Balance 1. 0561 Effect of natural aging time on tensile properties of alloy
In T4 Condition, Fig. 1. 0561.
1.042 Cladding, Table 1. 042.
1.06 Hardness
1.061 Typical hardness values for various tempers sheet and
TABLE I 042 plate, Table 1.061.
ISour<e
it"loAAllov 7072 Alum. a
Per ent
Min Max
Zinc 0.8 1.3 T A BLI! I. 06 I
Silicon + Iron - o. 7 Source 9
Manganese - 0.! Allov
Form
2219
Bare' Sheet and Plate
Copper - 0.1
~
Magnesium
Others
- 0.1
BHN, typ
T31 T351 T37 T62 1'81 1'851 1'87
CODE 3205
PAGI:: 2
REVISED MARCH 1967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
CODE 3205
PAGE 3
MIYY I
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
-
3,03124 Effect of test temper ature and exposu re time
on tens lie A R
propen les of plue Jn'T87 C'.ondltion, Fig. 3.0312
4. RT Rotllcam
loS Io6 107 roB SxioB
3,0312 5 Effect of test temper ature and exposu re time -1 30 25 21 18.5
on tensile 300 17.5
propen les ol forging s In T6 CoudltJon, Fig. 27 22 17.5 14.5 13.5
3.0313 3. 03125. 400 25
Effect of test temper ature on minimum tensile 20 IS 12 11
propen les 500 22
of alloy In 1'62 and TBI Condlllons, Fig. 3. 0313. 17 12 9 8
600 18 13 9 7 6.5
CODE 3205
PAGE 4
#o\1 YY I
REVISED MARCH 1967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
TABLE 4 0!3
I~. ,.~ 101
Allov 22 9
Form Sheet and olate
Thickness In Minimum bend radii for_ 90" cold bends
Condition
0
l/64
0
1/32 1/16
1/2-
1/8
i/2t
I 3/16 1 1/4 I
2t
3/8 1/2 3/4 I
2 3-ll_
T42 0 I U2-2 lL2t_ 23t l/23112t 3-ft L..IL2.'l.l.lZt.
T3l 1/2 I 1/21 1 " 2t 11/22 !at 1112- 3t I 24t 121/24t 35t
T37 I 2 I 1/2 I 2t I !/23t 21 2 - 4t 3 4 i/2t_l3 l/2-St 46t 57t
T62, TBI - 3 /2t 2 1/2 -~t 35t 46t 5-7t 69
T87 2 I/2 4t 3 St 46t 57t 5!/28t 69t 710t S-Ilt
4.0321 Welds In the alloy have high tenslle efficiency and good
ductility following a post weld beat treatment. Typical
mechanical properties of butt welds, Table 4. 0321.
TABLE 4 0321
Source 9
Allov 2219
Form llltt welded sheet and plate
Condition
Mter welding
TBI T87
As welded
T3!
Aged to
-
Reheat and
-
Reheat, shot peened
TBI or T87 ARed to T62 and~dtoTBI
FtU' typksi 41 45 57 63
Fflt, typksl 30 39 39 49
e In) tvPC% 3 2 8 8
CODE 3205
PAGE IS
AIWT REV I SED MARCH 1967
NONFERROUS ALLOYS
0.10 v 4.05
4.051
Surface Treatment
The same techniques used for anodizing, bard coating,
0.061i and producing conversion coatings on 2024 and 2014 can
be used on this alloy, (9).
2219
CLAD 2219
60
2219AI I
CONDT4 l./
50
lOOOF, WQ
~ ~
~ FTU
40
1ii
30
__... -wF
,V
~
. ._._...
TY
~
f-o
z
20
20
..
e(2 IN)
.
"'
u
"""'
"" 10
0 .1 1 10 10Z 10 104 1
NATURAL AGING TIME- HR
FIG. 1.0561 EFFECT ON NATURAL AGING TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF ALLOY IN T4 CONDITION (9, p. 26)
14
2219AI
CONDO
'~
~
!--
_......
---
IL
""
w
""~
12
, //
VI --- MEAN COEF LINEAR
TI~ERMAL EXPANSION
"'""""
10
I
~ I
~
8 /
I
FROM RT TO TEMP
6
-400 -200 200 400
INDICATED
600 BOO
I 1000
TEST TEMP F
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (II)
CODE 3205
PAGE 6
roll '1'1 I
REVISED MARCH 1967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
! 0.10 F==t===~F===I====+--+---+-==1
6.3 Cu
0.3 Mn
0.18 Zr
o.~4oo~----2~oo---~o-----2-00~---400~--~~--8~oo----~1000
0.10 v
0.06li
TEST TEMP- F
80
2219AITO 0.100 IN
0.088 II I I
SALT l:yRAY COE~OSION Ti'STS (20\1: N Cl)
70
. 7. ......,
60
17 FTU
l2
"
-;
so
~ ~
~
40
11. T31
40 ~ OT42
T62
i2
... T82 20
T84
~
20
~
"' 0
40
!-- e(2 IN) ...., !--
zCl
z u
Cl 10 ~
u
~
~
...
Cl
0
...
Cl
0 200 400 600 800
0
200 TEMP- F
0 40 80 120 160
EXPOSURE TIME - HR FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO EJ.EVATED
TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE PROPER-
FIG. 2. 0311 EFFECT OF SALT SPRAY CORROSION ON TENSILE TIES OF FORGED ROD IN T6 CONDITION
PROPERTIES OF SHEET IN VARIOUS TEMPERS (3)
CODE 3205
PAGE 7
nunr~~nuu~ ALLOYS REVI SED MARCH 1967
AI 2219Al 80
COND T6
6.3 Cu 2 IN PLATE
...
0.3 Mn v-z:, 60
~ ~
~
0.18 Zr
TU
0.10 v 40 l
Q06 Tl TEST EDAT RT
\
60
20
2219
CLAD 2219
~ 40
~~
f-> """1
Ito
~
EXPOSURE FTY
20
1- o.s ~
0100
.ol 1()00
R
\
0
1:!. 10,009 !i
al
20
u
""
al
e(2 IN)
~ "' 0
0
al
u 20 p 200 400 600 BOO
""
al
"'
0
...
....,. . .
e(2 IN)
~
FIG. 3,0216
EXPOSURE TEMP - F
EFFE CT OF EXPOSURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEE T AND PLATE
IN
0
200 400 1111 AND 11151 CONDITION
600 800
EXPOSURE TEMP - F (9, p. IS)
FIG. 3.0214 EFFE CT OF EXPOSURE
ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF PLATE IN T6 CONDITION
(13)
2219Al 80
COND T62
PLATE
1---h~~~_....,.:----:r------'-
60 i 60 l2
~
~~.i:
60
40 Ito'?-
40
20 l2
FTY '
EXPOSURE
~ EXPOSURE
Ito~ l
0
i::
Ito
20
0
"'J
0 100
.ol 1000
1:!. 10,
HR
20
0.5
0 100 J' HR
.ol 1000
1:!. 10,000
1-o 20
z
al
u
""
al
"' 0
e(4D)
OL---1----1---_
.;'---~
0 200 400 600 800 0 200 400 600 800
BXI'OSURE 1EMP - F
EXPOSURE TEMP - F
FIG. 3,0215 EFFEC T OF EXPOSURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF PLATE IN T62 COND FIG. 3.0217 EFFE CT OP EXPOSURE ON TENSILE
ITION
(9, p. 14) PROPERTIES OP PLATH IN T87
CONDITIIJN (9, p. 17)
CODE 320 5
PAGE 8
REVISED MARCH 1967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWT
120
2219Al AI
0.100 IN SHEET
'1'81 COND 6.3 Cu
100
,.., 0.3 Mn
_o ~
-i23P
80
(%
1---
-
-. ' 320P
OJB Zr
OJO V
Q06li
......::;: k:::--
~"
v
60 -HOP
RT
2219
TENSION CLAD 2219
100 HR EXPOSURE
STRAIN - IN PER IN 20
-L
PIG. 3.03111 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES POR ALLOY ---T
IN T6 CONDITION AT ROOM AND TENrON
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES (4,p.l44)
0
0 0.040 0.080 0.120 0.160 0.200
STRAIN - IN PER IN
120
2219Al
0.100 IN SHEET
1'87 COND
100
2219Al 100
~ -- -~"
-
0.100 IN SHEET
r-:--- 423P
80
T6:Z COND .,.._;:;:.:::-
~ ~--""'
-423P
80 / ...... --- .....
v: -- ~
320P
-320P
~
60 ~-
~ ......
60 ~ ~ ~' HOP
~
-llOP
RT
~ RT
--L
---T -L
I ---T
20 20
TENtON
TENSION
0 0 I
0 0.040 0.080 0.120 0.160 0.200 0 0.040 0.080 o. 120 0.160 o. 200
STRAIN - IN PER IN STRAIN - IN PER IN
PIG. 3.03112 STRESS-STRAIN CURVBS POR T62 SHEET AT PIG. 3.03114 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES POR 1'87 SHEET AT LOW
LOW TEMPERATURES (14,p.A.5. b,A.5.b-l) TEMPERATURES (14,p.A.5. h-4, A.S.h-5)
CODE 3205
PAGE .9
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 19S7
80
2219Al
AI
6.3 Cu "- t-s- ...........
T6 COND
60
~
0.3 Mn
0.18 Zr
60
~"~
OJO V
QOGTi
40
....._ 20
~~-
~ ~ "\
2219 i2
CLAD 2219 i TY
c..j:: 20
~-
0
I-30MIN} I
0
l-100 HR
1--1000 HR
BXPOSURB
~'!
80
!
lf
0
II
e(21N) 16'.....e
... ._.-
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
TBMP- P
80
60
i2
60 i:
c..
40
i2
40
j:: 20
c..
HR
20
0
80
~IJ
or: 40
...
IQ
e(4D)
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
TBSTTBMP - F
CODE 3205
DAI.!IC"
AIWT
REVISEDMARCH 1967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
100
120 r-.r-----.----~----~----~------~22~1~9M~
SHEET, PLATE AI
1'81, T851 COND
L
80 6.3 Cu
100
0.3 Mn
OJB Zr
OJO V
006Ti
40
60
2219
~ 20
CLAD 2219
40
~
BXI'OSURE
"' eo.sJ 0
20 0100 HR
.. 1000
.0.10,
80
1--
~
0 40
a:
~ c(2 IN)
"' 2219AI
0 PLATE
600 800 100
-400 -200 0 200 400 1'87 COND
L
TBSTTBMP - F
80
FIG. 3.03123 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND EXPOSURE TIME ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OP SHBET A."'D PLATH IN 1'81 AND 1'851
CONDITION (9, p.lS)
60 ~
~
60 40
"'
rJ 40 20
i=
"' 20
. o.s }
EXPOSURE
0100
HR
0
AlOOO
1::. 10,000
80
1--
z
~
t.l 40
a:
....
~
c(4 D)
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 BOO
TBSTTBMP P
CODE 3205
PAGE II
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
------r-----r-------2~21~9~M~ 80
AI
FORGINGS
6.3 Cu T6COND
0.3 Mn
OJ8 Zr
60
OJO V
0.06 Ti
40
2219 i2
CLAD 2219 ~
20
"'
0 '!'~'}
0 100
... 1000
HR
80 /),. 10,000
til
u 40
..: e(4D)
...
til
0
0 200 400 600 800
TEST TEMP F
----- ...--- -....- ----- ----- ----- -.....
FIG. 3.03'125 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND ..., 100
2219 AI
EXPOSURE TIMB ON TBNSILE PROPERTIES STRAIN RATE 5 KSI PER MIN TO FTY
OF FORGINGS IN T6 CONDm ON (9,p ,18) 0.050 IN/IN/MIN TO FAILURE
80
60-
!2
g
.a"'
20
e(21N)
oL----L----L----L----L---~--~
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
TBST TEMP- F
FIG. 3, 0313 BFFBCT OF TBST TBMPERATURB ON MINIMUM TENSlLB
PROPERTIES OF ALLOY IN T62 AND 1'81 CONDm ONS
(11, P 30)
100
2219Al AI
1'62 6.3 Cu
' 1\
AT6
80
0.3 Mn
80
60
...
" ~'--.. ....
FTU
~
60
40
~
}
2219
OJ8 Zr
OJO V
().()6 Ti
~
~ 40
~ ....._ FTY
- \ 20
CLAD 2219
~ ~\ ~
"'
0
20
\
0
80
!--
~
z _L
...""
t.l 40
e ~
..."" r-
0 600
400 200 0 /200
TEST TEMP F
!
E PROPERTIES
FIG, 3.0314 EFFEC T OF TEST TEMPERf_TURE ON TENSIL
(15,p.4 5,49)
OF ALLOY IN T6 AND 1'62 CONDITION
I
100 2219Al
0.090 TO 0.125 IN SHEET 100 2219Al
T62 COND
L, T 0.063 TO 0,100 IN SHEET
80 T81 COND
L T
80
~ ~
60
60
40
40
20 20
~t.l
e e
~
""...
t.l
...
..."" 0 0 100
""... 0
400 -300 -200 100 0 100
-400 300 -200 -100
TBSTT EMP P
TESTT BMP F
FIG. 3.0316 EFFEC T OF LOW T8MPERATURE ON TENSILE
FIG. 3.0315 EFFEC T OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OP SHEET IN T81 CONDm ON
PROPERTIES OP SHEBT IN T62 CONDITION (14, p. A. 51.1, A. S.b-1, A. 5b2, A. 5c2, A. 5c3)
(14, p.A. S,A, A.S,b, A.Sc, A.5c1)
I CODE 32051
AIWT NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
22I9Al 22I9Al
AI 1()0 0,063 TO 2.00 IN SHEET, PLATE j.._ EXTRUSION 60
T87 COND
6.3 Cu L, T I~ T6 COND
~i}4 xI I/2 IN SECTION
0.3 Mn
0.18 Zr
80
60
AL I I/8 x I/8 IN SECTION ~
OJO V
!2
!2 r~
o.os Ti 60 0
40 20
~
~
~
fl.
TU
2219 40 IOO HR EXPOSURE
CLAD 2219 ~ 20 20
....
.
0
cr:
lXI
0
~
lXI
20
... e(I IN)
...__.., ~-
-400 -300 -200
TEST TEMP- F
-IOO 0 IOO
.
0
cr:
tol
0
0
0--
400 500
FIG. 3.0317 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
TEMP- F
PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND PLATE IN T87
CONDITION (14,p.A.Sa-2, A.Sb-3, A.Sc:-4)
FIG. 3.03I9 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF EXTRUSION IN T6 CONDITION
(5, p. 8,9)
70
2219Al
\ SHEET, PLATE
T62 COND
60 1\
so \ .....
r'--
80
~
--r--- ---....,
2219Al
0.100IN SHEET 40
60
............
T81 COND FCY
"\
r--..
~
30
40
F~ :\
~ !'-......
20
20
\
20 ~ IO
t\
0
~
e
1..-----
0
"
0 IOO 200 300 400 500 600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
FIG. 3.03I8 BFFBCT OF BLEVATED TEMPERATURE ON 1118 TBNSILE FIG. 3.0322 EPPECT OF TEST TBMPBRATURB ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD
PROPERTIES OP SHBET IN TSI CONDmON (I6) STRESS OF SHBBT AND PLATB IN TifE T62 CONDITION (17)
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
70
2219Al 2219Al
0.500 IN PLATE 0. 100 IN SHEET
AI
~ 6.3 Cu
1'87 COND
--T8r
6 60
~'~
...... 0.3 Mn
-300 -200
IE
-100
i
0 100
40
' ............ ~-
' ....... t::.::::- IT
~--- j:..::..-..: __
----
L
0.06 Ti
-400
Psu
2219
TEST TEMP- P CLAD ~2!9
30
PIG. 3.0331 EPPECT OP LOW TEMPERA1URE ON IMPACT -400 300 -200 -100 0 100
STRENGTH OP PLATE IN 1'87 CONDITION
(14, p. A.S.J) TEST TEMP P
60
2219Al
SHEET, PLATE
'
1'62 COND
50
40
I~ 1---
~ 30
~ r--.
20
0
""' \ ~
"-..
0
800
0~--~~--~--~~----~--~----~
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
-400 -200 (\ 200 400 600
PIG. 3.0351 EPPECT OP TEST TEMPERA1URE ON SHEAR STRENGTH OP PIG. 3.0361 EPPilCT OP TEST TBMPIIRA1URE ON BBARING
SHEET!AND PLATE IN T62 CONDmON (17) PROPERTIES OP SHEBT IN T31 AND 1'81 CONDmONS
(16)
110
AI 2219AI
1'87 COND
6.3 Cu
100
\
~
0.3 Mn Kr
~
....
1
0.18 Zr 6.3
90
OJO V
i2 ~ F'IU
0.06 Ti
80 ~
2219 .... ~
CLAD 2219
"'-. FTY ~ ::::--
70
-
"- ~r--
~
(IQ
0
=
...
(IQ
60
20
10
....
-400
--....
-300
e
-200 -100
--
0 100
TEST TEMP- F
80 Il ~ T62 COND
rr-
~ r-- lot-
----
60
"'T
J." ..... -- ---;;;:::
100
-L
---T
.:r
RT ~
---- - - F-r::
~~23F O. 063-0.100 IN SHEET
~
(IQ
~
80
RT~
- _
:---- -
.;:................ -
--
!2"' -~
-- - ---- -~
60
100 :h
80
~~
1t_
"""'
,
-423F'I
.... ~
-~
0. 01 3 - 2. 00 IN SHBET,
PLATE
1'87 COND
-320F
r.:-::::-: ~ t::::-
60
Tr
~-
RTl. --- !=:'~'
- -- ~
NOTCH STRENGTH
.....
~
40 I
0 8 12 16 20 24
CODE 3205
PAGE 18
60
2219AI
\ 0.060 IN SHEET AI
1'81 COND
55 '-..!.. 6.3 Cu
~ P.TU 71.0 '.estI 0.3 Mn
~
Kc(NOM) 42,6 KS1 VJN'
0.18 Zr
~ so
~ OJO V
45
NET PRA,.TURE SIENGTH
~ ........... 0.06 Ti
I I ........,:
~
SPECIMEN: ASTM, 3 IN WIDE 2219
Kc iED ON JITIAL CRtCK LEN(rH CLAD 2219
40
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
TBSTTEMP- P
40
'221'JA1
30 .>.Y..TRUSION
'f6 COND
0
0 ..-~
._ 400P
---- ___,__
20
15
0
10 ~
RUPTURE
8
0.1 10 100 1000
TIME- HR
100
2219Al
80 FORGING
-
T6 COND
60
r-- ...,
40
100
RT PLATE
80 1'81 COND
~ 60
e RUPTURE
100 AI.()%}
o.5cx, PLATE
80 CREEP 1'851 CONI:
_l8:ii
60
40
0.1 1.0 10 xo2
TIME- HR
PIG. 3.042 CREBP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR PLATE AND FORGING
IN T6, 1'87 AND 1'851 CONDITIONS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
(9,p.!6,17,18)
CODE 3205
PAGE 17
AI YY I
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 1967
40
AI 2219AI
6.3 Cu 30 FORGING
T6COND
0.3 Mn
20
0.18 Zr
15
0.10 v
10
o.osn 30
2219 ~ 20
CLAD 2219 12
1>:1 15
<>:
!i;
10
r---~~~~~-+~~~~~~--410
8 ~
1------t-~-tt-~ ............+-~~ 6 ~
4
~
60 10 ~------~-----4-------+----~ 2
r 2219AI
PLATE 8 ~~~~+-------+-------+-----~
0 T62 COND
t:---.
-
1'--
eRUPTIJR E
2 0 41.01\',
60 f.-o.51\', CRErP
r---::: r---::
~0.2~
0.1
FORGING
T6COND
'" 2
~ e RUPTIJRE
0
12
1>:1
I=
~]
0.51\',
... 0.21\', CREEP
0
PLATE "' 0.11\)
--
~iOOP
1'87, 1'851 COND 0.8
0
30 ~ r--- 0.6
1--- - --.........
.........
0.4
20 0.1 10 100 1000
0.1 1.0 10 lo3
TIME- HR
TIME- HR PIG. 3.044 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTIJRE CURVES FOR FORGINGS
IN T6 CONDITION PROM 400P TO 700P (9, p. 18)
PIG. 3.043 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTIJRE CURVES FOR PLATE AND FORGING
IN T6, T62, 1'87 AND 1'851 CONDITIONS AT 300P
(9. p.l4,16,1 7,18)
CODE 3205
PAGE_ 18
,;.
l'.,
REVISED MARCH 1967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWT
'"'"
-~
.. I
2219Al 2219Al
AI
-
40 PLATE so SHI!BT
'"- T62, T851, T87 COND T81 COND
40 6.3 Cu
30
...
~ ~ ~ :=::::::::.---.....,
30 0.3 Mn
20 0.18 Zr
15 ~ ~ 400~ 20
OJO V
~~
30
0.06 Ti
10
""'-.... 20
2219
CLAD 2219
"""
15
!2 30
::::-., ._ SOOP
10
20
15
""----..; ~-..:::j ~ ~
~~ ~
12 6
10
'--..... ~ 20
~~ 15
6
........
20
~ 2219Al
10
PLATE
~...........~
~l,T87COND
15
10
8
............. ""'-"'-: ~600P
~~
"'~"'""
"" "'~
10
6
600P
4 6
e RUPlURB
........ 1o2
"""'
0.1 1.0 10
3
2
~l
0 5%
'Y 0.2\t
0.1%
CREEP
~
TIM!!- HR
6
......... ~ ~. 25 . - - - - - - - . - - - - - . . . - - - - - - - .
2219Al
~~
'~ ~
0. 064 IN CI..AD SHEET
T6 COND
4
2
~ ~~~ 0 !'-..."' r-.....__
~ ~
1.5
~ ............
~
).0
......
0.8
0.1 1.\1 10 lo2
'11MB- HR
CODE 3205
PAGE 19
AIWT NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1967
25 40
2219AI 2219AI ',
AI 0, 064 IN CLAD SHE~T liN PLATE "-.-..-'
T6 COND T81 COND
6.3 Cu
0.3 Mn 20
CREEP (PLASTIC)
0.18 Zr ,
0.1
0,2
0.10 v ... o.sPERCENT 20
1.0
15
0.06 Ti ~
10
2219 ~
CLAD 2219 10
NUMBER OF CYCLES
o L------..!------L------'-----...J
0.1 10 100 1000
FIG. 3,0S4 S-N CURVES OF SMOOTH AND NOTCHED SPECIMENS
OF PLATE IN 1'81 CONDITION (9, p. 22)
TIME- HR
2219Al
FORGINGS
T6 COND
20
~---~~---~-------~2~21~9-AI,
0.064 IN CLAD SHEET
T6 COND
5~----~---~----~----~
0.1 10 100 1000
'I L----~~-----..!~---~~---~
104 !OS 106 107 I08
CODE 32051
DAt.!C' "n
REVISED MARCH 1967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWT
80
2219Al
0.100 IN SHEET AI
T87 COND i
6.3 Cu
60 0.3 Mn
AXIAL LOAD
FATIGUE 0.18 Zr
0.10 v
~ 40
0.06 Ti
2219
20 CLAD 2219
NUMBER OF CYCLES
PIG, 3,056 S-N CURVES FOR SHBBT IN T87 CONDmON AT ROOM 2219Al
TEMPBRATURB AND LOW TEMPERATURES ( ,p.A.S.0)12
r-.. SHEET, PLATE
~ r---
14 T62, 1'81, 1'851, T87 COND
-..._
Ia-....
E
"""
8
6
-400 -200 0
TEST TEMP- P
200 400
"' 1'\ 600 800
13
2219Al
SHEET
12 T81 COND
............. 2219Al
12
10
I---. -
.....
~
FORGINGS
T6 COND
~ l2
(9) 11
" ~
0 (4)
E
'\ 10
6
-400 -200 0 200 400 600
1\ 800
9
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
TESTTBMP- P
TBSTTBMP- F
FIG. 3.0623 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES
FOR FORGINGS IN T6 CONDITION PIG. 3.0625 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT LOW TBMPBRATURB OF
(4,p.144)(9,p.l8) SHBBT IN TSI CONDITIOJII (14,p.A.SI, A.S.I-1)
CODE 3205
PAGE 21
AIWT NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCHI967
AI
6.3 Cu
0.3 Mn
0.18 Zr
0.10 v
0.06 Ti
2219
CLAD 2219
RBFBRBN:ES
CODE 3205
PAGE 22
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
The 1966 (8th) edition of "Standards for Aluminum Mill Zinc - 0.2S
Others
Products" of The Aluminum Association and the October - o.os
each
1965 edition of ASTM "Standards" bave modified the chromi- - O.!S
um content requirements of 6061 to incorporate the re-
total
Aluminum Balance
quirements of 6062 making 6062 an obsolete alloy designll-
tlon. Since this change has been \'Cry recent, reference
will be made to 6062 when the chromium content Is In the
range of 0. 04 to 0.14 and the source Information so desig- !.OS Heat Treatment
nates the alloy. !.OS! Anneni(O Condition). 77SP, 2 to 3 hours, cool SOP per
hour maximum to SOOP; rate of subaequent coollng Is
1.01 Commercial Designations unimportant.
6061. !.OS2 Solution heat treat (T4 Condition). 970P, water quench.
Natural age at room temperature to subatantlally stable
1.02 Alternate Dcsisnations condition.
6061, SAE 281 (obsolete); 6062, SAE 211, (obsolete). 1.0S3 T4Sl Condition, same as T4 Condition except stress
relieved by stretching following solution heat treatment
1.03 Specification s ns follows: Condition T4Sl, plate I 1/2 to 3 percent
Table 1.03 permanent set and no further straightening after stretch-
Ing. Condition T4Sl, rolled rod, bar and sbapes, 1 to
3 percent permanent set and no further straightening
after stretching.
Condition T4Sl0, extruded rod, bar and shapes, I to 3
percent permanent set and no funhcr straightening
TABLE 1 03 after stretching.
AMS IAllov Form Condition edera~Milital'1 Condition T4Sil, extruded rod, bar and sbapes, 1 to 3
J4025D 6061 Sheet and plate 0 QQ-A-250/11 0 percent permanent set with minor straightening after
40260 Sheet and plate T4 ~Q-A250/11B stretching to comply with standard tolerances, (1)(17).
~027E Sheet and plate T6 QQ-A-250/11 0 !.OS4 T6 Condition, solution heat trent 970F, water quench.
4043 Plate T4Sl ~Q-A-2S0/11B Artlficn1 age by precipitation heat treatment 320P, 16 to
405:1 Plate T6Sl ~Q-A-2S0/118 20 hours or 3SOP, 6 to 10 hours, air cool.
f40i.9 1\Jblng, seamless, drawn l.OSS T6Sl, T6S!O, T6S11 Condition, same as T6 Condition
close tolerance 0 WW-T-700/6A followed by stretch stress relief ns described In 1. 063,
~OBOE 1\Jblng, seamless, drawn 0 WW-T-700/6A (!).
4081A Tubing, hydraulic, seam-
less, drawn T4 ~IL-T-7081C 1.06 Hardness
082E TUbing, seamless, drawn T6 WW-T-700/6A 1.061 End quench bardcnnbillty of 606! in solution treated and
0830 Tubing, hydraulic, scam- aged conditions, Pig. 1.061.
less drawn T6 MIL-T-708!C 1.062 Typical hardness propenles for vo1rlous conditions of
llS &rs, rolled or drawn 0 QQ-A-22S/8B alloy, Table 1. 062.
116A &rs, rolled T4 ~Q-A-22S/88
117A Bars, rolled T6 RQ-A-22S/80
127B Forgings T6 RQ-A-367P- i
TABLE 1 062
146 Forgings T4
I Snurr~ 1
pQ-A-200/88
!SOC
160
Extrusions
Extrusions {: ~Q-A-200/80 Ai1n~
rnndhlnn
IAt-lM-0.6: -0. 2SC u-0. 20Cr
0 T4, T4Sl T6, T651
161 Extrusions T4 bo-A-200/8&
~1L-T7081C
Hardness,
091 6062 Tubing, hydraulic lr4
BHN 30 6S 9S
~fry,
lwW-T-700/6 A
092
093
jTubing
j"rubing, hydraulic ~~-T-7081C
-A-200/88
r.oo Kg ioj
Omm ball
!SSA Extrufions
6061 Rivet wire p, Hl3 ~Q-A-430-1
~tructural shapes ~ T6, T62 ~IL-A-2S994
fptpc, extruded or drawn MIL- P- 2S99S
1.063 Effect or cryogenic temperatures on hardness or bar,
Flg. 1.063,
CODE 32061
PAGE l
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
1.072 Tempers of mlll products, Table 1. 072. 2.02 Other Physical Propenl_!;!.
AI 2.021 Density. 0. ()98 lb per cu In, 2. 70 gr per cu em, (3).
2.022 Electrical resistivity at room temperature.
TABLE I 072
I Mg Source (20) 0 Condition 1.46 microhm-In,
Al-IMg-0.6Si-0.25Cu-0.20Cr T4 Condition I. 69 microhm -ln.
Allov
0.6 Si Product Available tempers 2.023 Magnetic propenles. Nonmagnetic.
2.024 Emissivity. 0.035 to 0.07 In air at 77F, (12).
Flat sheet F, 0, T4, T6, Hl2
025 Cu Coli sheet F, 0, T6, Hi2
2.025 Damping capacity
Plate F, 0, T4, T6,.T451, T651
0.20Cr Drawn wire 0, T4, T6, 1'93, 1'913
2.03 Chemical l'ropenles
2.031 Corrosion resistance
Rivet wire and rod 0, Hl3
2.0311 The corrosion resistance 01 uus alloy Is among the best
Rolled or cold
6061 finished rod and bar F, 0, T4, T6, T451, T65I
or the heat treatable alloys and this Is further Improved
by cladding sheet and plate with 7072 alloy. In general,
Extruded rod and bar F, 0, T4, 1'6, T62
resistance to corrosion Is not significantly affected by
Forging stock F
variations In heat treatment.
Standard structural shapes T6
2.0312 Galvanic corrosion. Direct contact with cer.aln other
Extruded solid s~apes F, 0, T4, T6, T62
F, 0, T4, T6, T62 metals should be avoided In the presence of an electrolyte
Extruded hollow shapes
U!l!ess bituminous paint or Insulating tape Is used at the
Extruded tubes F, 0, T4, 1'6, T62
point of contact.
Drawn tubes 0, T4, T6
2.032 Oxidation resistance. A thin Invisible oxide film forms
Ploe T6
Immediately, which protects the metal from iurtiu:r
oxidation and provides exceller.: corrosion resistance
!.08 Melting and Casting Practice to all but ailcalls, which are among the few substances,
which attack the oxide film.
Special Considerations
2.033 Other propenles. Aluminum Is nontoxic and nonsparklng.
3. MllCHANICAI. PROPERTIES
F , mln-lc.sl
10
F , mln-ksl
30
16
30
16
42
42
42
35
42
35 30
16 I.
14 ,l42
30
c('2inlminncrcent 10-16 18-16 10-16 4-10 10-6 4-18 14-18 8-12
35
26 126
16
16
12
16 I
38
35
10
30
16
18
130
14
18
142 , 54
35
10
47
- I~
.! 8
J'
-
38
J5
10
CODE 3206
PAGE 2
REVISED,MARCHI966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWT
CODE 3206
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED' MARCH 1966
3.063 Modulus of rigidity at elevated temperatures for alloy In 4.033 Resistance welding. Spot and seam welding i a most
AI T6 Condtlon, Pig. 3. 063. .... '
useful and economic method or joining alloy. !be alloy
3.064 Tangent modulus curves for sheet and plate In T6 Condi in all heat treated tempers can be successfull~' spot
I Mg Uon, Pig. 3. 064. welded but special practices are required and the range
3.065 Tangent modulus curve for extrusion In T6 Condition, Pig. of machine settings is rather small. Precleaning is
0.6 Si 3.065. necessary for sound consismnt wela~ 1n th. auuealed
condition the alloy Is difficult to weld and sr>t welding
0.25 Cu 4. FABRICATION in this condition is not recommended ..
H-3 24
> 1/4 to I/2 3 4 7 1/4
3/8
112
I:=:
2 24
24
121- 35
J+
34
St
46
IOO
tzl AIIMgO. 6510. 25CuO. 20Cr
.J
<
4.013 Effect of wall thickness and tube diameter on centerline &I
tL 80
bend radius for 6061, 6062 drawn tubing In T6 Condition,
Table 4.0!3. AGED
350F,2T04HR
TABLE 4 013
:~~~rcc 114 D. 231'
',loy AI1MllO. 6Si0.25Cu-(0.09 0. 25)Cr
Form Drawn tublnv
Condition T6
Wall size Wall thickness In
In o.o35lo. 0421 o. 049IO. o5sjo. 065 1o. onjo. oaJ Lo. 095] 0.120 1
In"- In Center line bend radii - in 90" bend .,...,.,- ST (970 F, 2 HR)
3/4 2 1/2 . 2 1/4 2 2 . . . 20
7/8 3 1/4 3 2 3/4 2 1/2 2 l/4 . . 0 3
1
I 1/8
1
3 1/2 .1 1/4
.
3
. 2 3/4 2 1/2 - - -.
DISTANCE FROM QUENCHED END IN
3 1/4 3 2 3/4 2 1/2
I 3/4 . . . 3 3/4 3 l/2 3 l/4 3 2 3/4
FIG. I. 061 END QUENCH HARDENABILITY OF
6061 IN SOL!ITION TREATED AND
6062, 6061 AGED CONDITION (6 , p. 5 )
4. 02 Machining
4. 021 These alloys are somewhat less machJnable than heat
treatable aluminum alloys 2024 and 2014.
4.03 160
Welding
r-----.------rA~,~.I~M~g~-o~.~~~s.~.o~.72S~C~u--o~.~27
oc~r,
4.031 General. The alloy exhibits excellent welding characteris-
tics In all tempers and products when welded by any of the CONDT6
commonly ustJt1 fusion aod resistance welding procedures 3/4 INDIA BAR
The excellent coF.oston resistance of the alloy does not
appear to be }('W~rcd signillcantly by welding processes.
4.032 Fusion welding. The alloy may be readily fusion welded
be either MIG or T!G methods. The filler metal most
commonly used lor general purpose welding is 4043 -- ,...
aluminum alloy which results In weld zones having medJum
ductility and exccllent.resistancc to cracking, (24). 5336
aluminum all~y Is sometimes employed In the fusion weld
lng of alloy.
40 ~----~----~-----L------~--~
4.0321 Effect of temperature on tensile propenlcs of TIG butt- -400 -300 -200 100 0 100
welded sheet In T4 Condition, Pig. 4.0321.
4.0322 Effect of temperature on tensile properties of no bun- TEMP F
welded sheet In T4 Condition, aged to T6 Condition, Fig. PIG. 1.063 EFFECT OF CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES ON
4.0322. HARDNESS OF BAR (19, p. A.l3.k)
CODE 3206
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
15r---r-~......,r----.--...,.---.
AI-1Mg-O. 6Sl-O. 25Cu -o. 20Cr Al-lMgl-0.6Sl-O. 25Cu-0.20Cr AI
~-I-.. T4COND
""cz:
~14~~~~---r-----+--~~----~ J. """'~
TESTED AT RT ' \
F
TU
Mg
TEMP- F 20
./-, ~ FTY
6061
ef4 D)
. .,..
1.-,.-:..::~ ~-
:...-
200400 600 800
TEMP F
FIG, 3.0212 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 6061, 6062 IN
T4 CONDITION
(7)
40
TENSION-,
-- -
L, T
Ffc:MPR ESSION
L, T
30
20
1/ 60
AI -1~0. 65\0. rscu-0, 20Cr
v
40
'\
~~~ 1'-
10
FTU
\
u; 0 20
"-'~-
..... .. :-=
~OMPRESSION
:.0:40
TE~SION7
TESTEC AT RT
L 40 .
_[ -\~
~
30
20
I
I EXTRUSION 2
O EXPOSURE
--1/2HR
-~
,.,,
FTY
-- p--
---100HR -...:,:............
I - -1000 H~
0 ----10, 000 HR
v !z 40
10
Ill
e (4 D) ,;;;::;)
"":'.,. .,.,
u
RT a:
~ 0
0 0 200400 600 800
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
TEMP F
STRAIN IN PER IN
FIG. 3,0213 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED
FIG. 3,02111 ROOM T~MPERATURE TENSION AND TEMPERATURE ON ROOM TEMPERATURE
COMPRESSION STRESS-5TRAIN CURVES TENSILE PROPERTIES OF 6061, 6062 IN
FOR 6061 IN T6 CONDmON T6 CONDITION
(<l, jl.3.1J(),3.131) (8)
CODE 3206
PAGE 5
AIWT NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
so
AI Al-1Mg-0.6 510.25Cu0 .20Cr 40
COND AlJMg-0. 651-0. 25Cu-o. 20Cr
"
I Mg OCOND
40 RT
Q6 Si 20
I'-..
212 F
~
300 F u;
0.25 Cu
0.20Cr lil
30
400 F
:.:
0
20
FTU
r---. ~
:.:
500 F
.... FTY
6061 20 r---..
0
~
80
.._ e(4 D) v
---
til
~40 J
./
TENSiON ~
EXPOS~!! '
UPTO 10,000 HR
0.002
0.004 0.006 0.008 0
0.010
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
STRAIN - IN PER IN
TEMP- .F
FIG. 3.03111 SftliiSS-ST RAlN CURVES FOR ALLOY IN T6
FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE ON
CONDmON (11) TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY IN 0 CONDITION
(10)
60
40
'-..... Al-lMg-0. 6510. 2SC~~;.~~~
40 - ....._
1---
FT~ -~
20
L EXPOSURE TIME
20
1/2 HR
0
- - ---100H R '\:,'\.
~~
~
iii ----100 0HR
80
:.: -----'-10 ,000 R
l2- 400
60
40
20
0
-- r-. ~~
Fn -,
:--.\"
\''-..:;:.'~~-
:-...._
80
/. V/
//~
I
20
0 '
0
0 o. 080
STRAIN- IN PER IN
o. 160 o. 240
T
0.320 0
-400 -200 0 200
e (4 D)
400
-
i- / " 7
600 800
TEMP F
FIG. 3.03112 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET
AT LOW TEMPERATURES IN T6 FIG. 3.0313 BFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE ON
CONDITION (19, p. A. 13. h, A. I3.h-I) TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY IN i4 CONDmON
(7)
CODE 3206
PAGE 6
AIWT
REVISEOMARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
60 ~ ~~~~~~~~.---r---;
....___
---
"'-.._ Al1Mg-o. 6SIO. 25CuO. 20Cr
IT6COND
1Mg0.6SiO. 2SCUO. 20Cr
ONDT6
AI
... 40
Mg
FTU
'~ 0.6 Si
\~
300F
0.25 Cu
20 30
-~,, 0.20Cr
~"':..~
0
0
-..;;.::_
~ 20
6061
EXPOSURE
......_ 1--. --30MIN
---2 HR
10 --10 HR
~~
--100 HR
BXPOSURE TlMB
1/2HR
0
- - - - - - 100HR
----1000HR
O -----10,000HR
~~,
FTY [\\
~~
-"" ~ 0
STRAIN IN PER IN
0.008 0.010
e(4 D)
0
400 200 0 200 600 BOO 16 r----~A~I-~1Mg~-~0~.6~S~I-~0~.2S=c~u--~0.~20C~r~
TEMP F 1'6 COND
FIG. 3.0314 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TesT TEMPERATURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY IN T6 CONDITION
(8)
5
~ 12
1----4--i- _J
IE CHARPY V
-400-200
TEMP F
FIG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON
IMPACT PROPERTIES OF 6061 IN
T6CONDmON
(12, p.li-5.2)
60
AI I MgO. 6SiO. 25
COND T6
60
AI IMgli 6SIO. zseu-O. 20Cr
0.100 IN SHEET
CONDT6
40 so
'
~
L,T
"'~ I'--
30
-~-4
Fsu
30 --- f--
CODE 3206
PAGE 1
60 AlIMgO. 65!0. 25CuO. 20Cr
80
AI T6COND
I Mg 40 :no-..-.:...;;:. ~.~
212 F
70
0.6 Si ~
0.25 Cu
60 20
F.:.. . .:.__
:-~
-.... ~
-....... . .....
~
....... ,
0.20 Cr
6061
12
so
-- - ~
~
.............
-:::::: ..... t'.....
......
......
',
-,,
...;
400 F
10
........... :---....... .....
.......
".... SOO F
40
==- --=- ------
20
0 :._
--- ::::.. ..
~
........ -....'""':'-.::::
...........
.....
300 I'
TEMP- F
----RUPTURE
PIG. 3,03711 EFFECT OF. TEST TEMPERATURE ON SMOOTH AND ---1% }
NOTCHED TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET IN T6 - --O.S\t CREEP
CONDITION (13,p.6) ----0.2%
10
0.1 10 100 1000
TIME- HR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE PROPERTIES OF
ALLOY IN T6 CONDITION AT 212 TO "OOP (8)
80~~-----,-----,-----,------r----.
AI!MgO. 6510. 2SCuO. 20Cr
0. 0200. 12S IN SHEET
CONDT6
so I:O!g0.6SI0.25Cu0.20CJ.
!::'.!NLI FORM
flO~
I
40 AT4 ROUND
T6
OT6 SHARPLY NOTCHED
"T6 SHEET
30
12
20
so
T
40~~----~----~----~------~--~ RT REVERSED PLF.XURE
-400 -300 -200 100 0 100
TEMP F
'FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE AND NOTCH NUMBER OF CYCLES
FACTOR ON NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHEET IN FIG. 3.051 SN CURVES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE FOR
CONDITION T6 (19,p.A.13e,A13c-2) ALLOY (20, p. 4!,43)
CODE 3206
PAGE 8
I"\ I 'f'f I
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
50 r-----~----~----~----~----~ 50
Al-IMg-0. 651-0. 25CuO. 20Cr Al- !Mg-0.65!-0. 25Cu-o. 20Cr
COND T6 ONDT6
AI
CANTILEVER BEAM
Mg
Vl 40
:.(
0.6 Si
ffl
Ill 025 Cu
~
30 30
0.20Cr
pj ~
20 ~ 20
___
R_
6061
400F ~
4
10
500F
NUMBER OF CYCLES
0 FIG. 3.055 S-N CURVES FOR AXIALLY LOADilD ALLOY
104 105 106 107 Io8 109 IN T6 CONDITION (22, p. 3. 3. I (d))
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.052 5-N CURVES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
FOR ALL.OY IN CONDITION T6 (20,p.43)
BOr-~--r-----~-~~M~g--~O.cb~SI~-0~.~25~C~u-~0~.2~0C~r~
COND T6 0 5
FLEXURE ' rAJ~-I~M7g~-o".~bS~I-~0~.2~5rCu--~0.~20~C~rr-----r-----r---~
COND Tb
60
R =-I
0
f::
40 -320F ;:1
pj !!'
z
-\!OF 0
!a
20 2
RT
0 TEMP- F
103 104 10> 108
FIG. 3.061 EFFECT OF TEMPERA11JRE ON POISSON'S RATIO OF ALLOY
NUMBER OF CYCLES
IN Tb CONDITION (23)
FIG. 3.053 5-N CURVES AT LOW TEMPERATURE FOR ALLOY
IN CONDITION T6 (19, p. A.l3.o)
5or-----------~-----r----~----~r-----,
Al-l Mg-0. 651-0. 25Cu -0. 20Cr
COND Tb
12 r-----,-----~----r-----------,
pj
I
,_____ ~, ,
! I
Al-IMg-0.651-0. 25C"O, 2UCr
COND Tb
I
10
u: 30
"'"'<>: I
'\.'
~
!
;
1-
i ' .
r-----+\~ :"'
!
"'
;:;
:;,
;:;
x
20
'l ---I
=~J 0.1 INSHEET(19) ~
o( i \
;:;
10 6 --T,L DYNAMIC (23)
- -- (0, 09 Cr)
+--------!---"-
'
DIRECT COMPRESSION - DAR, SIJEET, PLATE, '
TENSION FATIGUE STRIP, TUDE (B)
CODE 3206
PAGE 9
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1966
5
AI Al1Mg-0.6St-O . 25Cu-o. 20Cr 60 r---~r---~----~----~----~--~,
C0NDT6 Al1Mg-O, 6SiO. 25CuO, 20Cr
SHEET
Mg CONDT4
4
---
0.6 Si ............ 50 r-----~~~~~--~----~----~---T~
~
0.25 Cu
0.20Cr
3 r---- 40
DYNAMIC ~
MODULUS OF RIGIDITY
6061 2
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
TEMP- F
FIG, 3,063 MODULUS OF RIGIDITY AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
FOR ALLOY IN T6 CONDITION (23)
~ [<::::::: ~~t<21N
T6 COND
TENSION 0 L---~----~----~----~--~----J
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200
30
COMPRESSION
L, T "\ FIG. 4.0321
TEMP- F
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
OF TIG BUTT-wELDED SHEET IN T4 CONDITION
(25, p. 17,19)
10
RT
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
1000 KSI
PIG. 3,064 TANGENT MOL'ULUS CURVES FOR SHEET
AND PLATE IN T6 CONDITION
(9, p. 3.130)
70
Al-1Mg-o. 651-0. 25Cu-o. 20Cr
SHEET
COND T6
60 T
40
- ......
1--- r--
AlIMg-0, 6SIO. 25Cu-O, 20Cr
PY"l"R ""' f\1\1
~ 50
30
r--- -.......
'
- 0.0641N
COMPRESSION 40
- - 0.1251N
0 A BASE METAL
20 40
e A TIG BUTT WELDED IN T4 COND AT 20 lpm
J-o +AGED TO T6 COND (4043 FILLER)
z
10 "'a:tJ 20
RT
..."'
0 0
0 2 6 -400 -300 200 -100 0 100 200
10
1000 KSI TEMP F
PIG. 3,065 TANGENT MODULUS CURVE FOR EXTRUSION FIG. 4,0322 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
INT6CONDITIO N (9, p.3.131) OF TIG BUTT- WELDED SHEET IN T4 CONDITION AGED
TO T6 CONDITION (25, p. 25, 26, 29)
CODE 3206
PAGE 10
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
AI
I Mg
REFERENCES 0.6 Si
Aluminum Association, '"Stlllldards for Alumlaum Mill 0.25 Cu
Products, "8th Edition, (September 1965)
2 Nock, J.A., Jr., "Heat Treatment and Aglag 61 S Sheet," 0.20 Cr
Iron Age, Vol. 159, No. 17, (April 24, 1947)
3 Metals Handbook, "Properties and Selection of Metals",
ASM, Vol. I, 8th Edition, (1961) 6061
4 Morales, H.J,, Alcoa, Personal Communication, (April
1961)
5 "Alcoa Aluminum Handbook", Alcoa, (1959)
6 Lorlag, B.M., Baer, W. H. and Carlton, G.M., ''The Use
of the Jominy Test In Studylag Commercial Age-Hardenlag
Alumlaum Alloys", AJME Metals Technology TP 2337,
(Feb. 1948)
7 Alcoa Research Laboratories, "Mechanical Properties at
Various Temperatures 6061-T4 and 6062-T4", Data Table,
(Feb. 23, 1956)
8 Alcoa Research Laboratories, "Mechanical Properties at
Various Temperatures of6061-T6 Prnducts", Data Table,
(Dec. 6, 1960)
9 "Strength of Metal Aircraft Elements", Danelle Memorial
Institute, MIL-HDIIK-5, (1958)
10 Alcoa Research Laboratories, "Mechanical Properties at
Various Temperatures of 6061-0", Data Sheet, (Feb. I,
1956)
11 Alcoa Research Laboratories, "Typical Tensile Stress-
Strala Curves for 606i snd 6062T6 at Room Temperature,
2i2, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700F", Alyslcsl Test No.
010758-G Data Sheets, (Murch 6 and 31, 1958)
12 North American Aviation, Inc., "Materials Property Man-
ual and Summary Report", No. A. t.. 2604, (Oct.30,I957)
13 Hanson, M.P., Stlcldey, G. W. and Richards, H. T.,
"Sharp Notch Behavior of Some High Strength Sheet
Aluminum Alloys and Welded Joints at 75, -320 and -423F",
Reprlat from "SymJY.!~iu:n on Low Temperature Properties
of High Strength ~ orcraft and Missile Materials", STP No.
287, ASTM (1960)
Alcoa, "Aluminum Tubular Products", Section AB 2A,
(Sept. IS, 1959)
15 Kaiser Metal Products, Aircraft Division, "Refrigeration
of Solution Treated Aluminum Alloys", Process Bulletla
No. HT-4, Revision I, (March 23, 1954)
16 AMS 40250, 40260, 4155A, (!an. 31, 1964)
AMS 4027E, 4043, 4053, Uunc 30, 1964)
AMS 4079, (June IS, 1959)
AMS 4080C, 4082E, (!an. 15, 1957)
AMS 4081A, 40830, (April 15, 1958)
AMS 4091, 4092, 4093, {March 1, 1955)
AMS 4115, 4160, 4161, (Jan. 15, 1960)
AMS 4116A, (Nov. IS, 1960)
AMS 4117A, (Jan. 15, 1961)
AMS 41278, (!an. 15, 1962)
AMS 4150C, (!an. 15, 1958)
17 Kelley, W. E., Reynolds Metals Co., Personal Communi
cation, Uuly 10, 1961)
18 "!965 Book of ASTM Standards" Part 6, American SocietY
for Testing and Materials , (October 1965)
19 Schwartzberg, F. R., et al, "Cryogenic Materials Data
Handbook", ML-TDR-64-280, (Aus. 1964) Suppl. No.I,
(Feb. 1965)
?f! Reynolds Aluminum, "The Aluminum Data Book", (1965)
21 Materials In Design Engineering", Materials Selector
Issue, (Mid October 1964)
22 "Metallic Materials and Elements for Flight Vehicle
Structures", MILHDIIK-5, (Aus. 1962)
23 Internal Letter, North American Aviation, Inc., MPR 4
175432, (Dec. 7, 1964)
24 "Weldlag Alcoa Aluminum", Aluminum Co. of America,
3rd prlntlnjr, (1958)
25 "lnvestlgst;on of Aluminum Alloy 6061-T4-T6 Welded
and Unweldd", Bell Aerosystems Co., BLR 61-40 (M),
(lune 29, 1962)
CODE 3206
PAGE II
AIWT
REVISEDMARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
S.S. MANSON
1. GENERAL
This heat treatable ahnninum alloy contains zinc, AI
magnesium and copper as hardness and bas very high
strength under. static conditions in the T6 temper. 5.6 Zn
It Is available In a large range of forms and sizes. in
the annealed and solution treated condition It has good 2.5 Mg
formability at ambitml l.emperatures, and In !he T6
condition It bas good formablllty at elevated temp<lr- 1.6 Cu
atures. It can be resistance welded, but fusion welding
Is generally not recommended. 0.3 Cr
The T6 temper has low fracture toughness at room and
cryogenic temperatures. A recently Introduced T73 7075
temper has a lower tensile and yield strength but
Improved fracture toughness combined with better
stress corrosion resistance.
The unusually high static strength at ambient temper-
ature Is not reflected, however, In corresponding high
fatigue resistance. Fatigue strengths are comparable
to those of 2024 and 2014 which have lower static
strength. The loss of fatigue strength Is thought to be
due to the progressive breakdown of the hardening
particles which lie In the slip regions, progressively
reducing their size until they become unstable and
dissolve Into the mntrlx, thus losing their hardening
function. At high tempemtures the alloy loses Its
strength advantage over 2024 even under static
conditions.
1. 01 Commercial Dcalgnatlons
7075.
1. 02 Alternate Deslgnatlnns
755, X7 55 (now both obso !etc).
1. 03 Specifications
Table 1.03
'\....... .-'
Table 1.03
Source ( 1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)( 8)(9)( !OJ( II)( 12)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)
Alloy 7075
Product Temper Military Federal A5Tlll AMS
0 - QQ-A-200/llB B221-f.5 --
Bar, Rod,
Shapes, Tubes
F
T6
-
-
-
QQ-A-200/llB
B221-65
B221-65 4154F
(Extruded
and
T651
T6510
-
-
-
QQ-A-2Q0/11B
-
B221-65
-
4168A
CF) T6511 -- QQ-A -200/11 d
-
B221-65
-
4169B
T73 -
0 - QQ-A-~25/9B B211-65 -
Bar, Rod, Wire, T6 - QQ-A-~25/9B B211-65 4122C
Shapes T651 - QQ-A-2~5/9B B211-65 4123B
(Rolled or Drown) T73 - QQ-A-225/9B - -
0 - QQ-A-250/12C B209-65' 4044C
Sheet and T6 - QQ-A -250/12C B209-65 4045C
Plate T651 -- QQ-A-250/12C B209-65 4038
F QQ-A-250/12C - -
lmpnct O,F,TG MI L-A-12545A -- - -
Extrusions TG MIL-A-12545A - 4170
Rivet Wire 0,1113 - QQ-A-430-l 6316-65 -
TG MJ L-A -22771B QQ-A-367F-1 B247-65 4139F
Die Forgings T652 - QQ-A-367F-1 -- -
T73 IIIIL-A-22771B - -
T6 MIL-A -22771B QQ-A -367 F -1 - 4139F
lland Forgings T652 IIIIL-A-22771B QQ-A-367F-1 - -
T73 IIIIL-A-22771B -. - -
Forlrtnlt Stock TG - - 4139F
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
1.04 Composition
Table 1.04
AI
5.6 Zn
2.5 Mg TABLE 1.04
1.6 Cu Source AMS 1lt2lt3ll4lt5ll6 (7)(8)(9)
0.3 Cr Percent
Min Max
Copper 1.2
7075 M::tgneslum 2.1
2.0
2.9
Manganese - 0.30
Iron - 0.7
Silicon
Zinc
-
5.1
0.50
6,1
Chromium 0.18 0.40
Tltnnlum
Other Impurities
- 0.20
each
total
-
-
0.05
0.15
Aluminum Balance
1. 05 Heat Treatment
1.051 ;,""cal heat treated conditions to 0 Condition. 1. 06 Hardness
1,0511 If formed shortly after annealing. 775F, 2 to 3 hour, 1.061 Bare products, Condition 0, Brlnell 60 typical,
air cool. (500 kg load, 10 mm ball).
1. 0512 U the alloy Is to be stored for an extended time before 1. 062 Bare products, Condition T6, Brlnell150 typical,
forming 775F, 2 to 3 hour+ 450F, 6 hour . (500 kg load, 10 mm ball).
Alternatively, 670 to 700F, 2 hour, air cool to 450F 1. 063 Bare products, Condition T73, Brlncll 140 typical,
+ 450F, 4 hour. (500 kg. 10 mm bull), (Her 48, p 4),
1.052 Intermediate anneal during cold working 0 Condition. 1.064 Hardness of bar In TG Condition at low temperatures,
1.0521 670 to 700F, 1.5 hour maximum. Flgu rc 1. 064,
1.0522 Alternatively, 910 to 930F, heat to uniform temper-
ature, air cool. A part should not be annealed more 1. 07 Forms and Conditions Available
than three times by this method (Kaiser Metals 1954). 1.071 Alloy Is awllablc In the full commercial range of sizes
1.053 Solution treat toW Condition, 20 min to 4 1/2 hour for sheet, strip, plate, bar. wire, seamless tubing and
minimum depending on thida:ess and equipment, cold extrusion.
water quench. For exact timus of solution treatment 1.072 Sheet, strip, bar and wire arc available In the 0 and
and quench delay sec 4, 04 in 2024, T6 Conditions, forgings In the TG Condition and
1. 0531 Sheet, strip, plate, wire and drawn bar. 860 to 930F. extrusions In the F, 0, and T6 Condition.
1.0532 Extrusions. 860 to 880F, 25 minute minimum.
1. 0533 Forgings. 860 to 890F, 25 minute minimum. 1.08 Melting and Casting Practice
1.054 Artificially age W Condition to T6 Condition. See 2024.
1.0541 All products except forgings. 240 to 260F, 22 hour
minimum.
1. 0542 Forgings. 230 to 260F, 22 hour minimum. 1. 09 Special Considerations
1.0543 Alternatively, for sheet and wire, 210F, 4 to 6 hour 1.091 Overheated material exhibiting eutectic melting or high
+315F, 8 to 10 hour, or 250F, 2 to 4 hour+ 325F, 2 to temperature oxidized material should not be used and
4 hour, cannot be salvaged by reheat treating.
1.055 Stretch (stress relief) and artlflcally age W Condition to 1.092 Quenching must be performed as rapidly as possible,
T651 Condition at 240 to 260F, 22 hour minimum. (sec 2024 and I, 061).
1,0551 Sheet and plate, Stretch 1.5 to 3 percent+ age, (sec 1. 093 Directionality In T6 Condition, If stretched or flattened
1. 0541). No straightening Is pernutted after stretching. after solution treating, Is less pronounced th1L1 In
1.0552 Rolled or extruded bar. Stretch 1 to 3 percent + age, 2024-T3, (sec 2024 and 1.094),
(sec 1. 0541). No straightening Is permitted after 1.094 Although this alloy Is generally stronger than alloy 2014
stretching unless negotiated, or 2024, Its fatigue reslslnnce Is not proportionally
1. 0553 Rolled or extruded shapes. Stretch 1 to 3 percent+ age, higher. For applications Involving primarily fatigue,
(sec 1. 0541). Minor straightening after stretching Is other alloys should be considered together with this
permitted, one. The T73 condition haa higher fracture toughness
1.056 C empress (stress relief) and artificially age hand and tear resistance, also slower crack growth than tho
forgings In W Condition to T652 (previously T65) the T6 condition, While not showing Improved fatigue
Condition, 230 to 260F, 22 hour minimum. resistance In conventional fatigue tests, such aa
1.057 For condition T73 solution heat treatment and rotating beam tests on small specimens, the failure to
quenching procedures are same as for T6 condition. The show Improvement may be duo to the fact that such
T73 condition is then produced by an averaging treatment tests do not emphllJIIzc the crack growth stage. In
which le covered by Patent No 3196676 assigned to applications Involving luge sheets with in1tial stress
Alcoa. Users may obtain Information concerning details raisers, wherein tho crack growih stage Is of greater
of the averaging treatment as applied to their specific Importance, tho T73 condition may show an advantage
requirements by contacting Alcoa. over the T6 condition fatigue.
AIWT
REVISEDMARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
1.095 Fracture toughness. The plane strain fracture 2.03 Chemical Prop6rtles
toughness or this alloy In plste form has been evaluated 2.031 General corrosion resistance is similsr to that of AI
in an Interlaboratory test program conducted by alloy 2024.
Subcommittee I, o( the AS'l'M E -24 Committee on 2.0311 Allo;r In the T6 Condition IS susceptible to stress 5.6 Zn
Fracture T<>Sttng of Metals. Five separate laboratories corrosion cracking, particulsrly In transverse directions
participated in the program designed tO study the (see Figures 2.03i2and 2.0313). Improvement In 2.5 Mg
consistency of results obtained using the Committee's stress corrosion resistance can be achieved by applying
draft, ''Recommended Practice for Plane Strain Fracture the proprietary T73 heat treatment (see. Figures
1.6 Cu
Toughness Testtng of High Strength Metallic Materials 2.0314 and 2.0315).
Using a Fatigue Cracked Bend Specimen" (Ref 74). 2.0312 Effect of test direction on resistance to stress
0.3 Cr
These results are presented In Table 3. 02721. As a corrosion of plste in T6 condition, Figure 2. 0312.
companion to this study the variation In plane strain 2.0313 Effect of test direction on resistance to stress corrosion 7075
fracture toughness throughout the thickness In the same of extruded sections In TG condition, Figure 2.0313.
test material was Investigated (Ref 69). The results 2.0314 Relstive resistance to stress corrosion cracking of
shown in Table 3.027?.2 indicate an appreciable alloy In T6 and' T73 conditions. Specimens from die
variation from center to outside. Similar effects might forgings and rolled plate, Figure 2,0314.
be expected in other types of heavy sections. 2.0315 Relative resistance to stress corrosion cracking or
The plane strain fracture toughness of this alloy at alloy In T6 aud T73 covdillons. Specimens from
room temperature and -423F iR presented In Table extrusions and rolled rod, Figure 2.0315.
3.03721. TheKie value at -423F does not appear to be 2.032 Anodic coatings are widely used for corrosion protection.
lower thru1 that established by a single room temperature These coatings may affect the fatigue properties
teat. However, the ratio between K1 0 and Fty Is lower adversely, although the effects are fairly small. The
adverse effect is due largely to the precleaning etching
at -423F than at room temperature. Figure 3.03711 treatment, although the coating Itself may also produce
ind!c~tes that the stress for total failure or sharp notched
~orne effect. Anodic coatings 0. 0001inch thick were
specimens deereases llncarly from room temperature
found to decrease the fatigue strength nn more tilan
to -423F In ncar Inverse proportion to the smooth prcclcanlng alone, but coatings greater than 0. 002
strength. Inch thick caused considerable reduction In fatigue.
Recently a new temper, T7351 (an eve raged condition),
(Ref 56). See Figure 3.0561 for effects or various
has been developed which Is claimed to promote higher
coatings In fatigue.
toughness In this alloy. Table 3.02723 shows this
2.033 Oxidation resistance, see 2024 alloy
Improvement to be associated with slgnlflcantly lower
yield strength. In this respect this temper offers no
improvement over 2014-TS alloy which has essentially
the same yield strength and plane strain fracture
toughness (Ref 69). 2.04 Nuclear Properties
2.041 Aluminum alloys wltb a high content of the heavy metals,
1.096 Stress Corrosion. The alloy in the T6 conditl<>n shows
senslti vity to stress corrosion cracking particularly In particularly zinc, as alloying P.gents are not gone rally
used in applications where a high neutron flux is
the short transverse direction (e. g. the thickness
present, since Certain isotopes of these heavier ITlet.o.ls
direction o( a pluto). l.!onslderable Improvement can be
o..chieved, when such stress corrosion sensitivity is
exhibit long half-lives leaving the part 'hot' for
extended periods. For example, upon extended
lmportant,by using the proprietary T73 temper. Some
Irradiation of 7075 about half of the 4.5 percent zinc
strength Is sacrlflced, since the smooth tensile strength
of the T73 temper Is only approximately equal to that ol content may become a gamma emitter whose half life
the 2014-TS alloy, but considerable advan!nge may still Is ahout 250 days.
2.042 Irradlntlon of 6 x 1014 fast nvi showed no effect on such
result because ol the low sensitivity to stress corrosion
mechanical properties as shear strength and modulus of
cracking. As shown In Figures 2.0313 and 2.0314,
rigidity or 7075-T6 parts.
stress corroMion cracking did not develop In twelve
weeks even when the alloy In the T73 condition was
subjected to a tensile stress of 75 percent of Fty
when specimens in the T6 condition exhibited consider-
ably poorer performance under the same conditions.
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Direction L LT ST L LT ST L LT ST L 1.1' ST
Ftu, min, ksl 66 64
64 61 63 60 62 61 58 61 59 57
Fty, min, ksl 56 55
54 52 53 51 53 51 50 51 50 49
e, (percent In 40), min 7 4 3 7 3 2 7 3 2 6 3 2
(a) Tentatively guaranteed minima (b) Same as In Mll.-A-2271B
3.015 Producers ~aranteed and tentative mechanical
property ,-!!' for die forgings In T73 ConcUtion,
Table 3.0.
,. TABLE 3.015
Source (48, I' 10)
Condition T73
Thickness, Inch 0-3. OOO(a) 3.001-4.000(b) 4.001-5.000(b) 5.001'-G.OOO(b)
Direction L T L T L T L T
Ftu , min, ksl 66 62 64 61 62 :;9 61 58
Fty , min, ksl 56 53 55 5~ 53 51 51 tiO
e, (percent In 40), min 7 3 7 2 7 I 2 6 2
TADLE 3.016
5.6 Zn
Source (48, p 10)
2.5 Mg
Alloy Al-5.6Zn-2.5Mg-l. GCu-0. 3Cr 1.6 Cu
Form Extrusions Sheet nnd Plate Rolled Rod nnd B11r (a) 0.3 Cr
Condition T73510, T73511 T73 T7351 T7351 T73
Thlclmess, Inch Cross Sectl.:>nal Area ,,
.$ 25 Square Inches
7075
Min .062 .250 .500 .040 .250 .500 1.001 2.001 2.50i .375 1.001 2.001
Max .249 .499 1.499 .249 .499 1.000 2.000 2.500 3.00 1.000 2.000 3.000 ~3.000
{~T
Ftu, min 66 69 70 67 69 69 69 GG 64 68 68 68 66
ksl 66 66 66 67 69 69 69 66 64 - - 65 62
ST - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Fty, min { L 58 61 61 56 57 57 57 52 50 56 56 56 56
ksl LT
ST
58
-
58
-
55
-
56
-
57
-
57
-
57
-
52
-
49
-
-
-
-- 52
-
53
-
{~T
Fey 58 GO 61 55 56 56 56 50 47 52 53 55 56
ksl 60 GO 59 58 58 58 59 54 51 - - 55 56
ST -
37 39
-
39
- -
38
-
39
-
39
-
39
-
38
-
38
-
42
-
4l
-
41
-
39
1'su. ksl
Fbru{.c/0 = l 5 101 103 104 105 lOG 105 105 102 100 102 102 102 86
ksl c/0=2.0 128 131 132 134 137 135 135 131 128 133 133 133 119
Fbry{e/D = 1.5 86 89 87 84 86 86 86 82 79 82 82 82 78
ksl e/D = 2.0 101 104 102 102 104 104 104 98 95 101 101 101 84
c, min
percent {~T
7
-
7
-
-
8
-8 -
7
-
7
-G -G -G 12
-
12
-
12
-
7
3
(a) Die Forgings
Source
Alloy
(7!)
7075 --
Form
Condition
1.4 Inch Platc(IJ
TG51 -
Laboratory(~) I 1 I 2 3 I 4 I '":~--
~-
Kic ksi -..flri 121.4 22.5121.9 23.1 21.5 22.8121.7 22.81 21.2 .. ;!2,0
~
_l ~
1 1.5 _l
3
~
12
I T
I -I
Fatigue -Cracked Bend Specimen
Full Plate Thlclmcss
. . , , ..-..- I
1.6 Cu Sourc e
(73)
0.3 Alloy
Cr Form 7075
1. 4 Inch Plate
Cond ition
7075 Thick ness, Inch I 0.250 thru 0.625
T651
1.4
Locat ion
J Cente r I Outsi de Full Thick ness
Kl'e -ksn [ln I 25.4 I 21.4 22.1
RT Testa l
Fty ~ 78 ksl
l l
_J_
W/2
'
_L.
w
'
t j
s
I
Crack ed Bend SpL-clmen
WR Direc tion
Thick ness - Inch I w I s
0,250 thru 0.625
1.4
I 1.38! 5.6
3.0 12.0
TABL E 3.027 23
Sourc e
Alloy Alcoa (72)
7075
Form
1 3/8 Inch Plate
Cond ition Direc tion Ftu(S) Fty(S)
Kle - ksl "l[iri
e(4D)< 5 J SEC( l)(5) CNB(2 )(5)
ksl ksi perce nt
T651 L(3)
86.7 78.1
T(4) 11.2 28,5
85.1 76.1 26.3
11.3 24.0 22.6
T7351 L(3)
72.4 61.2
T(4) 12.3 35.1
71.1 59.8 32.0
11.1 30.4 27.5
6
rL[1~ ,. I
t 12
t-tf.
t
IJ
(2) Crack ed Bend Speci men
TAULE 3,03721
Source (tiD)
Alloy 7075
Form 1/2 !Jlch Plate
Condition TG51
r- Fatigue 13 rack
(1) Average of Three Tests, Longitudinal Direction
(2) R\V Direction
(3) Single Value
$ I
(4) Range for Five Tests
(5) Estimated from results In Figure 3. 03711
1~.625~ 1.5
T.\DLE :1.0511
~
Notcl1cd Specimen
llotatlng Bend, R ; I
3.0554 Rotating beam bending behavior at room temperature of 4.0142 Effect of forming temperature on bend faclor In rubber
notched specimens from plate, rod, and forgings In forming of sheet In 0 and TG Conditions, Figure 4.0142. AI
T6, T73, and T7351 conditions, and comparison with 4.0143 Effect of forming temperature on springback of sheet
scatterband for products in T6 condition under similar In T6 Condition, Figure 4.0143. 5.6 Zn
loading, Figure 3. 0554. 4.015 Warpage of Integrally stiffened sklns machined from
3.056 Surface treatment effects. plate In T651 Condition Is considerably reduced If plate
Is stretched about 5 percent prior to solution treating
2.5 Mo
3. 0561 Rotating beam fatigue behavior at room temperature 1.6 Cu
(Lockheed 1959).
for bare rod and for various pretreatments and coatings,
4.016 Forging. Starting temperature 750F maximum,
Figure 3. 0561.
finishing temperature GOOF minimum. The maximum 0.3 Cr
3.057 Stress cycling fatigue.
temperature should not be exceeded to prevent hot
3,0571 Variation of stress with cycles required to maintain
shortness, particularly In hammer forging. The 7075
contaut strain range at room temperature for alloy In
.i:orglng prcssurP.s for the stronger aluminum alloys
T6 Condition, Figure 3.0571.
ciroocd thosC rcqu1rod fer carbon tl."'ld low all;:;y otcel6.
3.0572 Strain eye ling fatigue at room temperature fur alluy i.u
7075 ranges among the aluminum alloys most difficult
T6 Condition, Figure 3. 0572.
to forge.
3.0573 Cyclic stress strain curve for bar In T6 condition,
4.03 Welding
Figure 3.0573.
4".031 This alloy is normally not fusion welded.
3.0574 True stress versus true plastic strain In reversed strain
4.032 In resistance welding, the performance of this alloy Is
cycling showing an average eye lie strain hardening
Inferior to that of 2024.
exponent of 0.105, Figure 3.0574.
3.058 Torsional fatigue.
4.04 lleating and Heat Treating
3.0561 Torsional shear fatigue of rod In T6 Condition at
4.041 Some loss ln strength may be encountered unless
room temperature, Figure 3. 0581.
solution treating time Is 25 minutes minimum.
4.042 Quenching of forgings should be at the slowest possible
3.06 Elastic Properties rate In water of a temperature which may be ns high as
3.061 Modulus of elasticity at various temperatures, Figure 180F, or higher for special jobs, provided that U1e
3.061. specified strength and corrosion properties are
3.062 Tangent modulus curves In compression for bar and obtained. The variables to be considered lnclude,among
extrusions In T6 Condition at room temperature, others, alloy composition, section size and subsequent
Figure 3. 062. machining. When using water temperatures in excess
of 180F, water volume and agitation are very critical.
The quenching may be either by Immersion or by high
4. FABRICATION velocity, high volume jet spraying (Wyman Gordon).
Sec 2024. Only complementary or different Information MIL-li-6088A (ASG) specifies a temperature of 180F
listed below. maximum for immersion quenching In water.
4.043 Reheat treating this and other alloys containing over
4.01 Forming and Casting 2 percent magnesium In a nitrate bath Is not recom-
4.011 0 Condition has forming properties Inferior to those of mended because of the danger of explosions due to
2024-Q, Hot forming at 350 to 700F may be used to magnesium reactions with an overheated bath.
advantalt<', with the time at tcmper.uurc limited to
2 hour (Lockheed 1958)
1\,012 W Condition possesses approximately the same
formability as 2024-W. However, 7075 -Wages slower
than 2024-W. For maximum formability the total time
at room temperature between quenching anri formln~
should n''t exceed 30 minutes, (Lockheed allows 2 hour
maximum for stretch forming). U refrigeration Is used
the following times are suggested: At 32F, 24 hour,
at 201-', 3 days, at 0 F, 7 days, (Ref 27). flot forming
W Condition .:~ffers little advantage over hot forming
T6 Condition.
4.013 T6 Condlllo~ possesses very limited formability at
room tcmpel'aturc. Its formability Improves consider-
ably with temperature. Forming of the TG Condition can
be pcrforr..ed at 300 to 425F, with the time at temper-
ature limited to the values shown In Figure 4.013.
Relationship of holding time to forming temperature for
sheet ln '!'6 Condition, Figure 4.013.
4.014 Bending.
'1.0141 0 Condition te:u;rcs slightly larger bend factors than
2024 -t;, rangir., from 0 for thicknesses up to 0. 032
Inch ,., 2 lor (. Z50 Inch. W Condition should be bent
to ra;l!\ slightly !;,rger than those needed for 0 Condition.
T6 ConJitlon can be commercially bent to the bend
factors given In Table 4.0141. Producers rr.commcnd
slightly smaller bend radii, while the bend faclors
specified by AMS 4044 and 4045 greatly exceed those
actually used, Table 4.0141.
TABLE 4.0141
Source (GO pp 36,37 ,47)
Temper
0 0 3-5
2-4 7-12
T6
CODE 3207
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
5.6
AI
Zn
210
1\ A>->.'"'' >M L6C0. ,c,'
0. 750 IN DIA BAR
T-6 CONDITION
2.5 Mg 205
1.6
0.3
7075
Cu
Cr \\ 14r-----~----~----~----~-----,
13
Al-5. 6Zn-2. 5Mg-l. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
0 CONDITION
"'a:
1\ l>l
p..
1!1
\
a: MEAN COEF UNEAR
l>l
p.. THERMAL EXPANSION
.1!1
"'0
11
FROM RT TO TEMP
~"
INDICATED
10
-100 -ZOO 0 200 400 600
TEMP- F
FIG. 2. 014 THERMAL EXPANSION
~
(II, p.35)(10, p.2)
180
-300 -200 -100 0 100
TEMP- F
120
Al-5. 6Zn-2. 5Mg-l. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
------ ---
TG CONDITION OR OTHERWISE
v
INDICATED
_..... -....
100
i::"
(-o
T6
HEATED TO 575F
OR ABOVE (19) / /
///
'
_,
"'0 80
~
/
Ul TG CONDITION
a: (19)
~ _/
a: 60 0.3
~
l>l Al-5. 6Zn-Z. 5Mg-l. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
p..
"'
~
T6 CONDITION
(-o
1/
"'
::::> 40 ~0.2 ~----~~~~----~~----+-----~
/~ONDITION
(-o p..
IQ (-o
UNKNOWN
::::>
1/ (33) IQ
20 0.1 ~----~----~----~-----L----~
I -ZOO 0 zoo 400 600 800
TEMP- F
TEMP- F
lOOr-~~~~~~~~~~--------------------------,
Al-5. 6Zn-2.. SMg-1. 6Cu-O, 3Cr
PLATE, 1/4-3 IN THICK, O.lZS INDIA TEST BAR AI
T6 CONDITION
CORROSION CYCLE 10 MIN IN 3.5 PERCENT NaCI SOLUTION 5.6 Zn
+ SO MIN IN DRY AIR 2.5 Mo
1.6 Cu
0.3 Cr
7075
o,L---------------~--~~--~----~--------------~
SO 100 ISO
DAYS TO F AlLURE
j
\ .. ,....
oL-------------~~------------~--------------~------~
50 !00 ISO !80
DAYS TO FAILURE
...,
0
80
Iii
z ., <D
fo<
.., ... <D
fo<
.,
...
<D
Eo<
< 80
Eo<
IJ)
!::
~
Eo< Eo<
Eo<
..,
~
:::> (:::;
IJ)
IJ)
IJ)
Iii 60
a:
E-o
"'
Iii
..:I
li.l 40
z
Iii
E-o
zo
. 1 IJ)
I
0 Iii~'~ ..:I
~ .r. ..:~z < Iii Iii A1-5. ZZn-Z. SMg-1. 6Cu-O, 3Cr
..:1:::3 z
..:I~~
s:::> IJ)
a: ::1 EXTRUSIONS & ROLLED ROO
~~ ;:i:;:
<O fo<
Iii
>
Iii
>
T6 AND T73 CONDITION
~;;: ~..:I
G oz
IJ) f-<111
a:z NOTE: SEE FIG. 2.0314 FOR TEST CONDITIONS
0:0 E->"' Z< o<
<..:I 00 ~ 00: :z:O: AND KEY TO BAR GRAPHS.
ZE->
~"' ..:I ..:IE-> Ulf-<
DIE FORGINGS
UP TO 3IN THICK
ROLLED PLATE
O.Z5 TO 4. 5 IN THICK
100
."' "'Eo<
.., .., "'Eo<
<D
....
E-o
FIG. 2.0314 RELATIVE RESISTANCE TO STRESS CORROSION !:: .., .., !::: ..,
CRACKING OF ALLOY IN T6 AND T73 CON-
0 (:::; "'fo< ~
DITIONS. SPECIMENS FROM DIE FORGINGS
AND ROLLED PLATE.
(48, p. 14} 0
z0
0
~ ~
1--v----.....-----
..:!
~ Iii
s:::> ::1
Iii
E-o >
G ~
z ...;
0
..:I
a:
...
~
EXTRUSIONS ROLLED ROO
Z.O TO 7.0 IN THICK 0. ZS TO 5. 0 IN THICK
7075'".
>-
E-<
~ 40~----4-~~~~---4------1
zo
800 80
FIG. 3.02101
EXPOSURE TEMP-F
EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO
- ~~ ~
ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
~~ ~
'\
ON ROOM TEMPERATURE
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
\
ALLOY IN T6 CONDITION.
(14) 100
~ ~~ ~
=-- 40
80 1/Z HR EXPOSURE- zo
AT TEMP
.. .A.
0
6
10 HR
100 HR
1000 HR -
F~ ~[\"'"'".
60
~
TESTED AT RT
AFTER EXP.
>- 40
r..
\I~ ~~ ~
E-<
~
zo
0
zo
- 10---.:
I
-~
::--
E-<
e(4D)
~ ~~
j;i 10
u
a:
w
p.,
0
0 100 zoo 300 400 500 600 700
EXPOSURE TEMP - F
CODE 3207
..--.. '1'1 I
AI 60
5.6 Zn Al-5. 6Zn-2. 5Mg-I . 6Cu-O. 3Cr
FORGI NG FTU = 75 KSI
25 Mg 50 r----1~---1-----r-----r--
--,------.r---~--~L/D
1.6 Cu r'~t---~~~----~~~--~0
0.3 Cr ~ 40 ~~~-~~~~----,_--~~~~
1/2
I /4
-I
:::>
0
7075 0
2 30
-I
~ 5
~ 20
a: 10
0 NOTE: CURVE FOR L/D =0
!-
IS FOR Fsu 45 KSI; AND
10 20
DOES NOT ALLOW FOR POSS11 31UTY
OFRED UCED STREN GTIIA LONG
PARTI NG PLANE .
0
0 10 20 30 40
1.6 50 60 70 80
, . ; . "-" ' ;M,-' . 'C"-0. >C< RATIO OF DIAME TER TO TI!ICK NESS-
D/t
TUBIN G
T6 CONDI TION FIG. a. 0:!51 TORSI ONAL MODU LUS OF RUPTU RE
FOR FORGI NGS IN
1.4 Til CONDI TION.
_\ (46)
~
FB/FT U
"
0.8 ! - - ~ ..____
0.6
0 20 10 60 ~0
0 I0 20 30 40 50 60 70 AO
RATIO OF DIAM< :TE:H TO THICK NESS
D/t
FIG, :1.0252 TORSI ONAL MODU LUS OF RUPTU RE
FOR ROLLE D TURE IN
T6 CONDI TION.
(46)
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
AI
60 Al-5. GZn-2. 5Mg-l. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
5.6 Zn
T651 CONDITION 2.5 Mg
1.6 Cu
so 0.3 Cr
iil 7075
:.: 40
I
Ul
E-<
z
30
RW DIRECTION
R T TESTS
20
0 2 3 4
r- MILS
80 ~-----.-------------------------,
A1-S. 6Zn-2. SMg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
TG CONDITION
70
160~----~~~------------------------.
AI-5.6Zn-2.SMg-
l, 6Cu-O. 3Cr
3/4 IN BAR 60
TG CONDITION
so
30
2.0
SOOF
10 100
NOTCH SHARPNESS, a/r 10
FIG. 3.02712 EFFECTS OF NOTCH SHARPNESS AND
NOTCH DEPTH ON NOTCH STRENGTH TENSION
OF BAR IN TG CONDITION.
(26, p.41) 0
0 0.002. o. 004 0. 006 0.008 o. 010
STRAIN - IN PER IN
90
Al-5. 6Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
AI
-
SHEET
RT
T6 COND
5.6 Zn 80
2.5 Mg
1.6 (
vv
Cu
70
0.3 Cr 300F
t---
7075 350F
60
- r---
50 / -
400F
r-
~
~ 40
1/
30
rr 450F 1--
r---
500F
20
I( t--
I
10
T
Al-5. 6Zn-2. SMg- I. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
0 0. 75 IN DIA BAR
0 0.02 o. 04 0.06 0.08 o. 10 o. 12 TG CONDITION
STRAIN- IN PER IN
- --
TEST TEMP
120
FIG. 3.0312 COMPLETE STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEET
IN TG CONDITION AT ROOM AND ELEVATED -423F
TEMPERATURES.
100
(
----- ~---
-
1-- r--- -320F
80
v
----
rL:'--
-- -.............., llOF
7tJF
~ 60
40
0 I
0.040 o. 080 O.IZO 0.160
STRAIN-IN PER IN
FIG. 3.0313 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES AT ROOM AND LOW
TEMPERATURES OF BAR IN T6 CONDITION.
(36)
AIWT
REVISEDM ARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
AI
5.6 Zn
;,:
.,. 2.5 Mo
1.6 Cu
0.3 Cr
7075
80
60
1/ZHR EXPOSURE
AT TEST TEMP
.6.100 HR EXP
10, 000 HR EXP
J00~-4--~~~~~~----~-+-4~r-----+-----~
200 400 GOO
TEST TEMP-F
FIG. 3.0314 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATUR E 20
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOY IN 0 AND T6
CONDITIONS.
(24)(25)
60 0
Iii
:.:
40
>-
1-<
~
zo
0
80
1-<
i;i 40
u e(4D)
a:
t.l
~
0
-400 -ZOO 0 200 400 600 800
TEST TEMP- F
120
AI \ A1-5. 6Zn-Z. 5Mg-1. 6Cu-O, 3Cr
BAR & SHEET AS INDICATED
-
5.6 Zn
~~~u TG CONDITION
2.5 Mg 100
"'Il
~"' ~
(39)(40)(41 17
!.6 Cu t-..
(38)7 (37)7
0.3 Cr
~ 80
FTY
~ !:::::,....
~~
~
r---::::
t--. --
----. -F-
-;
~::::::::::::::.
7075 (37)
~
(39)(40)(41)
~
\ (38)136)(42)
(421-7
~36Jz__
-- _,,-" ---
60 Eo<
~ ~
15 i5
u
f-r- a:
10 w
I 13;:7 e(Z IN) -7(;;) p.,
40
5 "
( 3 6 7 _ (42~
- ~
-----
RA
~
.L--
::;.....--
Lc39> <4o)(4t>
-
1
0, 75 IN, BAR ---- 0,125 IN,SHEET
0 --- 0, 025 1N,SHEET
-400 -300 -ZOO -100 0 100
TEST TEMP- F
FIG. 3, 0316 TYPICAL TREADS FROM SEVERAL SOURCES OF TENSILE
PROPERTIE S OF SHEET AND BAR AT ROOM AND LOW
TEMPERATU RES.
(34)(36)(37)(3 8)(40)(41)
CHARPY V
0
-400 -300 -ZOO -100 0 100
I
\
140
Al-5. 6Zn-2. 51\!g-1. 6Cu-o. 3Cr
T6 CONDITION
0. lZS IN SHEET AI
120
ODOL - 5.6 Zn
~ T 2.5 Mg
100 ~~ 1.6 Cu
~
. tr1
:..:
60
_0 ~ ---
NTS
__ .....- .....
- -
-
40
~oo f-
~
zo
0 r <. 001
zo
...z
til 10
u -
0
r---- ---
e(Z IN)
--- ~ ~
I
a: ca"'
-"'
til
~
0
-400 -300 -ZOO -100
I
0 100 AI- 5. 6Zn-Z. SMg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
TEST TEMP F 0. Z5 TO 3. 0 IN THICK EXTRUSIONS
TG AND TG511 CONDITION
FIG. 3. 03711 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON SMOOTH
AND SHARP NOTCH TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
SHEET IN TG CONDITION.
(70,p.6)
JOr-----~~----T--t~~~--t---~~~
81-..::::..""""'_t-~....-!l-+---
2.5 Mg
40
1.6 Cu
0.3
7075
Cr
-
400F
TENSION
0 L-----~--~----~~--~----~----~
0 0. 004 o. 008 0 o. 004 0. 008 o. 01 z
STRAIN-IN PER IN
zL-____ _.______~------L-----"~
0. I 10 100 1000
TIME-HRS
FIG. 3. 04Z CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES
AT TEMPERA TURES FROM 75 TO 600F
FOR ALL PRODUCTS IN T6 AND T651
CONDITION EXCEPT EXTRUSION S/AND
FORGINGS . (54)
"\
60 I'\"I" 1\
\ \
~
R = -1, AXIAL
10 r-~~~~~~~~-4~~~
50
40
1\r\ "" \ ~
\
\
-4Z3F
'-.....
8r:::::...-::::-~---~k::.....-:::s::.:,~~~
30 ~ r---- --
4
zo
"""\ '-.....
~ ....._ - 7 0
-3ZOF
5 5
100 !0 5
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.043 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE FIG. 3.0521 REVERSED AXIAL LOADINGF ATIGUE OF urmrJ;.CHE f
AT ZIZ TO 600F FOR ALLOY SHEET AT ROOM AND LOW TEMPERA TURES. .
IN T73 CONDITIO N. !48.o.81 1-:t..t \1.4?\
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ~LLOYS
40r--------.--------------------------~
A1-5. 6Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr AI
0.10 T.N SHE.'::T
T6 CONDITION 5.6 Zn
2.5 Mg
1.6 Cu
0.3 Cr
7075
-320F
0~-------J~-------L~------~------~
10J 104 105 10
CYCLES TO FAILURE 80 A1-5. 6Zn-Z. SMg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
FIG. 3. 0522 COMPLETELY REVERSED AXIAL LOADING 3/4 IN ROD
FATIGUE OF SHEET WITH STRESS CONCEN-
TRATION Kt; 3.5 AT ROOM AND LOW TEM-
PERATURES.
(34) p. A-16-0-3
(59)
STRESS CALCULATED FROM Me
40
80
Vi
~
40
60
!\1-5. 6Zn-Z. SMg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
BAR
TG AND T73 CONDITION
50 ~.
\
.T T
0
... '
~:~
\ ---- T73 CONDITION (48) 80
!. TG CONDITION (14)
\ I I
40 I
r.
'~
I
ROTATING BENDING 40
~ R =-I
!
~
30
I!
~ ~~ OL-----~-----L-----L----~
~
5
10 3 10 4 10 lOb
........ NUMBER OF CYCLES
20 ....,..,
~~
t"1G, 3.0532 S-N CURVES AT ROOM AND LOW
~OF
I" TEMPERATURES FOR ROD IN
IO
~
-- ~OF -
T6 CONDITION.
(3Z, p. ZS, 27)
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDMARCH 196 8
,,
60
A1-S. 6.~n-Z. Sl\;J;-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
AI 50 EXTl'.UDED BAit
5.6 Zn 40
- T73 CI~NDITION
~
25 Mg R = 0.10
AXIAL
1.6 cu 30
L -~
0.3 Cr
7075 zo
40
30
-1\. ~
L + LT -0.015
r"'
d D
0.430 0,600
ST 0. 0075 O.Zll 0.300
~
LT
~-
--
20
15
40 -
~. If][tt
A_,&oo_.<,
30
ST ~ Lr
a;:o
2.0 "-
.- =-
Kt ~
10 4 105 10 6
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3. 0533 S-N CURVES FOR EXTRUDED BAR IN
T73 CONDITION.
(31, p. 2.4)
1
AI- 5. 6./:n-Z. SMg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
0. 75 IN BAR
T6 COI"D. FTU" R3.9 KSI
10 0
' ~
80
~~t=l t--,""
'\~ ,, FLEXURE
~, ........
R , -I
60 '
I'- ' ...
Kt~iS-~ '
~':::.~-, ~ - --
0.
-----~~~OF~
, __
~
::-..:~
--
~-:---
t--
t-- -
~ r-d- ----
- - - -JZOF
z0 - - - -423F .....___ I--
0 I I
6
10 4 !0 5 10
CYCLES TO FAILURE
t-
::i 20
- ' - R= 0.106IN
l - R = 0.062!N
10 1---f---1- --1---J=. ....._. R= ..031
R= IN
0002IN
R = -1 RT
0
3 108
10
CYCLES TO FAILURE
0~~----~------~----~----~---~~~~
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100
MEAN STRESS - KSI
FIG. 3. 0541 STRESS RANGE DIAGRAM FOR BAR AND EXTRUSIONS
IN T6 CONDITION.
(22, p. 966)
CODE 32071
Al-5. GZn-2.. SMg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
AI 40 !--........:--+- BAR
105 TG CONDITION
5.6 Zn CYCLES - - 1 l/4IN,EXTRUDED
Mg ----1 1/BIN,ROLLED
2.5
~ 30
1.6 Cu
0.3 Cr !I)
~2.0 r-~~~-7~~----~~--+---~
7075 !I)
0
z
~10 r-~~r-~--r-----P-~~~~_,
<
~
"l
E-o
...1 0 1----+---+----+----t-~-'--t
< 2.0
2.0 40 60 80 100
MEAN STRESS - KSI
60
~
,;
!I)
"l 50
~
E-o
!I)
x
< 40
::;;
30
~
AXIAL
LOAD
r=O.OOS RT
Kt::l< 5
10~--------~--------------~--------------~
10 3
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3. 0543 LOW CYCLE FATIGUE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
FOR NOTCHED BAR IN AXIAL LOADING FOR "SEVERAL
VALUES OF RATIO OF MINIMUM TO MAXIMUM STRESS, R.
(62., P I4)
CODE 32071
......
AIWT
REVISED: MARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
AI
5.6 Zn
2.5 Mo
1.6 Cu
0.3 Cr
7075
w
/ L
u
0::
t.l
~
1 o-
R.; 0
v;;:
;;~
' v/
r-
R : 0. 2
!
R : 0. 33
I
1 l(
I~# ~
~
t.l 10 4
,;1 /
E-< /.~
\~ . ..
<:
0::
5
/-/
.'P' I j' i!z
:t
r'
E-<
::::
0
0::
IJ
I
K:STRESS INTENSITY
!
:<: I KMIN
u FACTOR 6.K: KMAX - KMIN R =
<: KMAX
0:: -
u
R: 0. 7 R: 0. 8
3 t/
4
!(/ I
I
R : 0. 5
/), j,
,f RT
l' I
I
l I
~:7
10
!0
0 10 zo 30
It'
0 I0 20 30
~
0
I
10 20 30
il K KSI -.JlN
FIG. 3. 0544 RELATION BETWEEN CRACK GROWTH RATE AND RANGE
OF ELASTIC STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR. COMPARISON
OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA RANGE WITH EMPIRICAL
EQUATION PROPOSED BY FORMAN.
(57, p.3,6, Fig. 4)
~ ... .,.,
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISEDM ARCH 1968
V~UCTS Kt = I. 0
',,
PLATE
\\.. ....
\."
'
_ I',
.... , ......
ROD
FORGINGS
10 5 1o 6 to'
-
NUMBER OF CYCLES TO FAILURE
toor---------,-------------------------------~--,
_....... _
x 40~--------~---4--
~
..........
-
-~~--~.---~~---------+--~
-.-
".J.:..RODUC TS
------- -
---
~ ~7/8 lllfiY ~--~--t---i
IN R-A-D+-.._--_ -_-_-t-...J&
__ ~-
'T" T
201-
e<: 7075
E'< 30
"'
X
< zo
~
10
0~--~--~----~--~--~--~--~
10 2 ro3 104 10s 106 ro 7 roB ro9
CYCLES TO FAILURE
40
AI- 5. 6 Zn- 2. 5Mg-1. 6Cu- O. 3Cr
PLATE, FIAR, FORGI:-:GS
T7:! , T7:151 , AND Tr. COI'DITJONS
30
til
:.:
"'"'
t.l 2.0
,_e<:
"'
X
<
:;.;
10
PLATE
ROD
RT
.A. FORGINGS
0
4 5
10 10 7 10
8 109 .
10 10
NUMBER OF CYCLES TO FAILURE
50 ~
\ \
~ 40 'l::i) ~
X '\~
~ r--......n
30
'
LOWERJ l<ib.:.
~~
"'If .....:_ ~ RT
~-J ~.gQ
BOUND
zo
R = -1
11J 4
10 106 107 108 109
CYCLES TO FAILURE
Z40
.1 AI-5.6Zn-Z.5M g-1.6Cu-0.3Cr
0. ZS IN DIA BAR
~-+ 7.Z5PER- TG CONDITION
-
v- -
CENT
zoo t 4. 5 PERCENT
- - v.! Z. 9PERCENT .1
160 ~
~
- .. ..,..
rv-
t I.SSPERCENT
~-
I. ZOPERCENT -
t 0. 79PER-
..-.
::. ~.625 PERCENT~CENT
= .a.
0 FATIGUE FAIWRE
POINTS ARE AVG OF SEVERAL SPECIMENS
40
RT
I ,
'-~/
1-l
0
z .oz ~~.6' = o.65W 73 + .o39N- 146
0.3 Cr
~ A~ 7075
~ . 01
~ ~
-........ r-
f-<
Ill
..1
~.004
0
-.
STRAIN CONTROLLED
f-< RT
R = -1
ooz
001
10
CYCLES TO FAILURE, N
zo 0
T6 CONDITION
....
~r-
~ 160
yl
1-l
0
~ 120 l ~(51)
(52)
~
~ 80
Ill
REVERSED STRAIN
CYCLING 70F
R = -1
40
1/
. 02 04 06 . 08 .10 .12 .14
STRAIN RANGE - IN PER IN
FIG. 3. 0573 CYCLIC STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR BAR IN T6
CONDITION.
(51)(52)
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
~ I
150
Al-5. 6Zn-Z. 5Mg-l. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
AI Q~ 1/4 INDIA BAR FROM ROD
__ _, r.
5.6 Zn ::::>E:-o
!:l
100 r T6 CONDITION
A
----~-----
---
2S Mg ;::;;p. 80
< s.f~ CONTRoLko ~Yc LING
1.6 Cu 60 .... (51) SLOPE m =0.10 --
U)
U)
~ RT (52) SLOPE m =0.11
0.3 Cr c:: R = -1
E:-o
U)
~
40 I I I I
7075 ::::>
c:: I AVO CY~ LIC ~TRAIIN HARDENIN~ EXPONENT ~ 0.!05
E:-o
004 006 0I . OZ 04 06
TRUE PLASTIC STRAIN-IN PER IN
----
ROD
EXTRUSIONS, t< 3 IN
--
T6 CONDITION 8
.......
60
,.__
BAR
~
t'3IN
-..............
40 -- ------
z0
RT
COMPRESSION
0
10 10 7 0 2 4 6 8 10
CYCLES TO FAILURE 1000 KSI
FIG. 3. 0581 TORSIONAL SHEAR FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF ROD FIG. 3. 062 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN COM-
IN T6 CONDITION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE. PRESSION FOR BAR AND EXTRUSIONS
(58 T"ble III) IN TG CONDITION AT ROOM TEMPERA-
TURE.
(13, p. 87, BPi
AI-5.6Zn-2. 5Mg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr
SHEET AND BAR
T6 CONDITION
12 IOOr-A~I--5~.~6~Z-n--Z-.~5-M-g---I-.6~C-u--~0-.3-C~r--~
.... , '~ SHEET
SHEEi' ...._ STATIC
10
0. 250 IN(35)
r-.-.. TO CONDITION
0
g 8
~ ~
BAR
~ I.Of-------b~~~~~---r----~
\
~
:::1
b
i\
(I 8 )BAR
.. (17)
4 I
-400 -zoo 0 zoo 400 600 soo 300 350 400 450
TEMP- F TEMP- F
FIG. 3. 061 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES. FIG. 4.0I3 RELATIONSHIP OF HOLDING
(17, p. 517) TIME TO FORMING TEMPERA- ...,..
(18, p. 3) TURES FOR SHEET IN T6
(35) COND11'ION.
1'?7. n_ 1'\'\\
AIWT
REVISEDMARC H 1968 NONFERRO US ALLOYS
4 r-----------~----------~
Al-5. 6Zn-2. SMg-1. 6Cu-0,3Cr
0. 064 IN SHEET
REFERENCES
AI
-. 1.
2.
AMS 403BA, (1966)
AMS 4044C, (1964)
5.6
2.5
Zn
Mg
3. AMS 4046C, (1964) 1.6 Cu
4. AMS 41220, (1966)
5. AMS 4123C, (1966) 0.3 Cr
6. AMS 4139F, (1956)
7. AMS 41540, (1967)
B. AMS 4168A,, (1963) 7075
9. AMS 4169B, 1963
10. AMS 4170, (1954)
11. Alcoa Aluminum Handbook, (1962)
1~. Aluminum Association, "Standards for Wrought
100 200 300 400 Aluminum Mill Producta", (Sept 1965)
TEMP- F 13. ANC-5, ''Strength of Metal Aircraft Elements", (March
1955)
FIG. 4. 0142 EFFECT OF FORMING TEM- 14. Alcoa Research Laboratories. "Data Sheet", (Sept.
PERATURE ON BEND FACTOR 9, 1957)
IN RUBBER FORMING OF 15. Howell, F. M. and Stickley, G. W. , "Isochronous
SHEET IN 0 AND T6 CONDI- Stress Strain Curves for Several Heat Treated Wrought
TIONS. Aluminum Alloys at 300 and 400F", Alcon Research
(28, p. 481) Laboratories, Mechanical Testing Division,
(April 29, 1958)
16. Lazan, B.J. and Blatherwick, A.A., "Fatigue
Properlles of Aluminum Alloys at Various Direct Stress
Ratios", WADC-TR 52-307, Pt. 2, (1952)
17. Zambrow, J. L. and Fontain, M.G., "Mechanical
Properties, Including Fatigue of Aircraft Alloys at
Very Low Temperatures", Transactions of ASM, Vol.
41, (1949)
lB. Ai.-,oa Sales Development Division, "Alcoa Alloy X-2020~'
(Sept. 1. 1958)
19. I.J.Jcks, C. F. and Deem, 11. W. , "Thermal Properties
of Thirteen Metals", ASTM STP No 227, (1958)
20. Alcoa Research Laboratories, Data Sheets, "Typical
Tensile Stress Strain Curves for 7075 T6,
(Dec. 20, 1957)
21. North American Aviation Inc., "Data Sheets", AL 2604
22. Howell, F.M. and lllillerJ. L., "Axial Stress Fatigue
Strengths of Several Structural Aluminum Alloys",
Proc. ASTM, Vol. 55, (1955)
23. American Society for Metals, "Metals Handbook",
7th Edition, (1948)
24. Sachs, G., Espey. G. and Kasik, G. B., "Correlation
of Information Avallable on the Fabrication of
Aluminum Alloys". Sec. IV. Pt. V, National Defensr
0.95
Al-5.6Zn-2.5Mg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr Research Comm., (Sept. 15. 1944).
TG CONDITION 25. Alcoa Research Laboratories, "Data Sheet",
- r--- ~ --.........!
(Sept. ll, 1956)
26. Aul, E.L., Dana. F.W. and Sachs, G., "Tension
---
400F Properties of Aluminum Alloys In the Presence of
0,90
r>: Stress Raisers''. NACA TN I93l, Pt. II,
...0u
<
1-- -..........
FORMING TEMP. 300F
27.
(March 1949)
Kaiser Aluminum Corp., "Sheet and Plate, Product
t.. Information", (1953)
:.:
u 0,85
... 28. Sachs, G. and Espey, G., "Forming of the Aluminum
Alloy 755", Transactions of AMS, Vol 37, p. 468,
~
<al (1946)
0 29. General Dynamics, ''Compilation of Materials Itesearch
z
~
Data, 4th Quarterly Progress Report", Rep.AE62-0138-
ii! 3. (March 1962)
D.
Ul 0,80 30. Hepublle Aviation Corp., "Compilation of Unpublished
~
Materials Wormallon, 2nd Quarterly Heport", Rep. No.
RAC-357-1, (Oct. 12 1961)
31. Chance Vought Corp., "Mechanical Properties of Some
0,75
' Engineering Mntcrlals - Unpublished Data from Company
Sponsored Programs -4th Quarterly Report -Vol, 1,
4 5 6 7 8 Phase 1", Rep No 2-531420/2R373, (March 15, 1962)
BEND FACTOR- r/t 32. Favor, R.J., Gideon, D.N. Grover, H.J., Hayes,
J. E., and McClure, G. M., ''Investigation of Fatigue
FIG. 4. 0143 EFFECT OF FORMING TEMPERATURE 0:>1 Behavior of Certain Alloys In the Temperature Range
SPRINGBACK OF SHEET IN T6 CONDITION. Room Temperature to -423F", WADD TR 61-132,
(28, p. 479) (June 1961)
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
33. Powers, R. W., et al, "The Thermal Conductivity of 54. Alcoa Research Laboratories, Data Sheets, (Aug. 1962)
Metals and Alloys at Low Temperatures, Part ID", 55.
AI Technical Report 264-9, Ohio State University
Manson, S.S. and Illrscbberg, M.U., "Fatigue
Behavior In Strain Cycling In the Low and Intermediate
Research Foundation, (1951). As quoted by R. L. Cycle Range", chapter In book, "Fatigue, An
Powell and W.A. Blnnplld In NBS Circular 556, (1954) Interdisciplinary Approach",
2.5 Mg 34. Schwartzberg, F .R., et al, "Cryogenics Materials Edited by Burke, J.J., Reed, N.C., and
Data Handbook", Martin Company, Denver, Colorado, Weiss, Syracuse University Press, (1964, pp 133-173)
1.6 Cu ML-TDR 64-280, (Aug. 1964) 56. Stickley, G. W. and Lyst, J.O., "Effects of Several
35. Christian, J.L. and Watson, J.F., "Properties of Coatings on Fatigue Strenglhs of Some Wrought
0.3 Cr 7000 Series Aluminum Alloys at Cryogenic Aluminum Alloys, ASTM Journal of Materials, Vol. 1,
'Temperatures", Acivnnces In Cryogenic Engineering No 1, (March 1966)
Vnl. 6, (1960, p 604) 57. Hudson, C. Michael and Scardina, Joseph T., "Effect
7075 36. Warren, K.A. and Reed, R.P., "Tensile and !mpact of Stress Ratio on Fatigue Crack Growth In 7075-T6
Properties of Selected Materials from 20 to 300K", Aluminum Alloy Sheet", NASA prcprlnt of paper
Monograph 63, National Bureau of Standards, (1963) presented In Bethlehem, Pa., at NationaiSymposlum
37. Schwartzberg, F.R. ,and Keyes, R.D. ,"Mechanical on Fracture l\lechanlcs, (June 1967)
Properties of Alpha Titanium Alloy at C ryogcnlc 58. Stickley, G.W. and Lyst, J.O., "Strength Relation-
Temperatures", Proc. ASTM, Vol. 62, (1962, p 816) ships of Aluminum In Fatigue", Product Engineering,
38. Hanson, M.P., cl al, "Sharp Notch Behavior of Some (Nov. 9, 1964)
High Strenglh Sheet Aluminum Alloys and Welded Joints 59. Kiefer, T. F. , ct al, ''Determination of Low Temper-
at 75, -320 and -423F" ASTM STP 287, (1960) ature Fatigue Properties of Structurall\lctsl Alloys",
39. Sprelnak, J. W., et al, "Notched and Unnotched Tensile Final Report, Martin Company, Denver, Colorado,
and Fatigue Properties of Ten Engineering Alloys at October 1965. Prepared under NASA Contract
25C and 196F" Trans ASTM, Vol43, (1951, p 547) NAS8-ll300.
40. Fontana, Ill. G., "Investigation of Mechanical GO. The Aluminum Association, "Standards for Wrought
Properties and Physical Metallurgy of Aircraft Alloys Aluminum Products, 8th Edition, (Sept 1965)
at Vor~; Low Temperatures", WADC TR 5662, 61. Lyst, J.O., "Variations In Fatigue Properties of
Part II, Ohio State University Research Foundation, Aluminum Alloys 2014-T6,7075-T6, and 7079-T6
(Oct. J948) with Respect to Direction ofWorking'',Proc. ASTI\1,
41. Zambrow, J. L. and Fontana, M.G., "Mechanical Vol 64, (1964 ,p 581)
Properties, Including Fatigue, of Aircraft Alloys at 62. Wang, D. Y. , "Effect of Stress Ratio on Fatigue Crack
Very Low Temperatures", Trans ASM, Vol. 41, Growth and Mode of Fracture In 2024 -T4 and 7075-T6
(1949, p. 480) Aluminum Alloys In the Low Cycle Range",
42. Belton, J.H., ct al, "Materials for Usc at Liquid AFML-TR-66-216, (Dec. 1966)
Hydrogen Temperature", (ASTM STP 287, p 108) 63. "Alcoa Product Data-specifications", Section A12A
43. Gideon, D.N., et al, "Investigation of Notch Fatigue Aluminum Company of America, (July 1963)
Behavior of Certain Alloys In the Temperature Range 64. "1965 SAE Handbook", Society of Automotive Engineers,
of Room Temperature to -423F", ASD TOR 62-351, 1965 "-~-.
Battelle Memorial institute, (April 1962) 65. SAE Aerospace Materials Specifications", Society of
44. Johnston, H.L. and Brooks, H.E., "lmpactStrcngth Automotive Engineers, (Feb 1965 Index)
of Various Metals at Temperatures Down to 200 66. "Index of Specifications and Standards", Department of
Absolute", Technical Report 264-17, Ohio State Defense, Part I, Alphabetical Usting, and Part ll,
University Research Foundation, (May 1952) Numerical Ustlng, September 1964, Supplemented
45. Brooks, H.E. and Johnston, ll.L., '11ardness of (March 1965)
Various Metals at Temperatures Down to 200 Absolute", 67. "Ughl Metals and Alloys", ASTM Standards, Part 6,
Technical Report 264-20, Ohio State University (Oct 1965)
Research Foundation, (May 1952) 68. Spr:>wls, D.O. and Brown, R.ll., ''Resistance of
46. Military Handbook -5, "Metallic Materials and l::lcments Wrought High Strength Aluminum Alloys to Stress
for Flight Vehicle Structures", Department of Defense, Corrosion", Alcoa Research Laboratories,
FSC 1500, (August 1962) Technical Paper No 17. (1962)
47. Schwartzl.Jcrg, F .R., ct a!, "Determination of Low 69. M.H. Jones, NASA LcwlsRcsearchCcnter,
Temperature Fatigue Properties of Aluminum and Cleveland, Ohio, Unpublished Results.
Titanium Alloys", Annual Summary Report, Martin 70. Hanuon, M.P., Stickley, G.W. and Richards, Jl.T.
Company, Denver, Colorado, (July 1963) Prepared "ShaJ1l Notch Behavior of Some 111gb Strength Sheet
under NASA Contract NAS 8-2631 Aluminum Alloys and Welded Joints at 75, -320 and
-423F, "ASTI\1 STP No 287, (1960)
48. Mohr, P. L., et al, "Alcoa Alloy 7075-T73" Alcoa
Green Letter, Aluminum Company of America, 71. Unpublished results obtained by Subcommittee I on
(Aug. 1965) 111gb Strength llletalllc Materials of ASTM Committee
49. Sessler, John and Weiss, Volker, "Materials Data E-24 on Fracture Testing of Metals, from an
Handbook, Aluminum Alloy 7075", Contract No. Interlaboratory test program carried out to gain
NAS-8-11345 (NASA), (Aug 1966) experience with the test methods proposed In the
50. Pritchard, II. R., "Stress Corrosion Tests on Commlllce's draft"Recommended Practice for Plane
Commercial and lllgh Purity Grade 7075-TG Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of lllgh Strength
Aluminum Alloy", Frankford Arsenal, Memo Report lllctalllc Materials Using a Fatigue Cracked Bend
1\165-17-1 (l\lay 1965) Specimen".
51. Private Communications, NASA to MPDC, 72. Kaufman, J.G., Nelson, F.G. andllolt, M.,
(Nov. 1967) "Fracture Toughness of Aluminum Alloy Plate
52. Endo, T., and Morrow, JoDean, "Cyclic Stress-Strain Determined with Center-Notch Tension, Single Edge
and Fatigue Behavior of Representative Aircraft Notch Tension and Notch-Bend Tests", Presented at
Metals", presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the National Symposium on Fracture Mechanics,
ASTM, Boston, lllassachusets, (June 1967) Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania,
53. Smith, C.R., "Factors To Be Considered In (June 20, 1967)
Predicting Cumulative Fatigue Damage In Full Scale 73. Jones, 111.11., Fisher, D. M. and Brown, w. F. Jr.,
Structures", Presented to the Society for Experimen- "Progress Report on NASA-NRL Cooperative Fracture
tal Stress Analysis, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Testing Program", Prepared for ASTM E-24
(May 1967) Committee Subcommittee I, (January 23, 1967)
74. To be published, ASTM Standards: Physical and
Mechanical Testing of Metals; Nondestructive Tests,
AIWT
REVISEOoMARCH 1963 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
AMS
TABLE I 03
Form Military ource - AMS 3
4039 Plate T65! Condition !Alloy Al-5. 5Zn-2. 5MJr:-l. 6Cu-<l 3Cr
4046 Sheet, plate T6 Condition, Clad 1 side Form Taoered Rhf!f!t and nlotP
~otxlltlon T6
4047 B Sheet, plate, roll tapered, T6 Condition
4048 c Sheet, plate, 0 Condition 0.040 0.188 0.500
4049 c Sheet, plate, T6 Condition to to to
tJnlcknesa - In 0.187 0.499 1:.0()9
1. 04 Composition. Table 1. 04. Ftu' min -ksl 72 75 77
~i min -ksl 62 64 66
lu), min-percent 8 8 6
TABLE L04
1 ::,ource AMS 1)(2 3X4K5
Core Cladding
;!.013 Aluminum Association specified mechanical properties
Percent Percent for 0 Cnnd!Uon. Table 3. 0!3
Min Max Min Max
Copper
Magnesium
1.2
2.1
2.0
2.9
--0.!0
0.10
S:lurce
TABLE3.01:l
l~_n_:l~\
Manganese
Iron
-- 0.30
o. 7
-- 0.10
lloy
Cotxlltlon
Al-5. SZn-2. 5M~r-l. 6Cu-D. 3Cr
0
Silicon
Zinc
-
5.1
0.50
6.1 0.8
-
0.7
J 1.3
0.008 0.015. 0.063 0.188
to to to to
Chromium
Titanium
0.!8
-
0.40
0.20
-- -
-
.hlckness - 1 n
~.;lad
Thickness
0.014 0.062 0.187 0.499
. Aluminum Ba ance
The nominal cladding thickness Is between
percent of the total thickness o~ each side,
Bal nee
4 and I. 5
depending o~
e(~ In), min-percent 9 10 10 10
For thlcknes or plate <: 0. 500 Inch properties are the same
as core materU.:; see 7075.
the total thickness of the produ:t. Cladding thicknesses 4 percent clad thickness for plate thickness over 0. 063 In Is obso-
greater than 4 percent are obsolete. lete and Is only shown for lnformatioo.
1.09 Special Considerations 4 percent clad thickness for plate thickness O'ler 0. 0~ ln la obso-
I. 091 BUect of directionality on stress strain curves for sheet lete and Is only shown for Information.
and plate, In T6 Condition, Fig. I. 091.
1.092 Prolonged heating or repeated reheat treatments cause 3.02 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature. See 3, 03
d!Uuslon of alloying elements into the coating and impair also.
the resistance to corrosion. Sec Clad 2024. 3.021 Typical mechanical propo!rtles, Table 3, 021.
r
I
!
!
AIWT
i NONFERROUS ALLOYS REV I SEDtUFfCH 1963
!
TABLE 3 021 100
AI t::.:n~rce 7,p.26 -~
Al-5. 5Zn-2. 5Mg-l. 6Cu-O. 3Cr CLAD
Form Wrnuml nrndn~r.; 0, 016 TO 0. 499 IN SHBBT, PLATE
5.5 Zn Con:litloa 0 T6 T6COND
typ- ksl 32
2.5 Mg Ftu'
typ - ksl 14
76
67
80
;ty
~
t)'p- kat 22
1.6 Cu au' 46 T
e(2 In), typ - percent 17 11
0.3 Cr ~ ~L T
v
60
CLAD 7075
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperawres
3.031 Short time tension properties
/
3.0311 Complete stress strain cures for sheet In 0 and T6
Conditions at room and ele-iated temperatures, Fig. 3.0311.
3.0312 Stress strain curves for sheet In T6 Condition at room
and elevated temperatures, Fig. 3, 0312. 20
3.0313 Effect of exposure and test temperature on tensile /
properties of sheet In T6 Condition, Fig. 3, 0313. / --TBNSION
3.032 Short time properties other than tension _COMPRESSION
[//
3.0321 Stress strain curves In compression for sheet In T6 0 I
Condition at room and elevated temperatures, Fig, 0 0.002 0.004 0,006 0.008 0.010
3,0321,
3.0322 Effect of exposure and test temperature on compressive STRAIN - JN PBR JN
yield strength of sheet In T6 Condition, Fig. 3, 0322. FIG. :. 0~1 EFFECT r)F DIRECTIONALITY ON STRESS
3.0323 Effect of exposure and test temperature on bearing S";'RAJN CURVES FOR SHEET AND PLATE IN
properties of sheet In T6 Condition, Fig. 3, 0323, T6 CONDITION (9, p. 84)
3.0324 rur..ct of exposure and test temperaiUre on shear Strength
of sheet In T6 Condition, Fig, 3. 0324.
-"'
70
"""rce 8,p.l42)
orm
t:ondt:lon
Temp Method ~tress Stress
Sheet
T6
Fatigue Strength - kat
71: 2SOP
F Concen- at Cycles
60
!Ratto
1.\TR tratlon 10s lto6 l107 ltnS ISxloB
RT Rot .. 1-1 Smooth
~ JC I 29 lzo Its 113 112.5 50
CLAD 7075
_.or---~~~--1~--~~
fi2
0.008
FIG. 3.0312 STRESS STRAIN CURVES FOR SHEI!T IN T6 CONDITION
AT ROOM AND ELBVATEDTEMPER!1TORES
(12, p. 169, 174) PIG. 3. 0321 S1RBSS STRAIN CURVES 1N COMPRESSION POR SHBBT
1N T6 CONDmON AT ROOM AND BLBVATBD TBMPBR-
ATURBS (12, p.l75180)
80
15. SZn-2. SMg-1. 6CuO. 3CrCLA
0. 064 IN SHBBT
T6COND
12
i: 20
IL
() 0
0 0
i
BOr-------r-~~~z-n-~2~.5~M~g--~l.~~~u--~O.~lC~r~C-L~
AI "'''-'
0. 064 IN SHBBT
5.5 Zn T6COND
2.5 Mg
1.6 Cu
0.3 Cr
CLAD 7075
tor------+--~~~------+-----~
8
~r-~~~~~~~~~
5. 5Zn-2. 5Mg-l. ~u-o.ler CL
3/16 IN SHBBT
.T6COND
6
HEATING RATB
45 TO 100 P PER MIN TheRMA L HXP INCLUDED
4
0 0,001 0.01 0.1
0 10
TIME -HR.
TBMP- i'
PIG. 3.00 SHORT TIME TOTAL STRAIN CURVBS FOR
PIG. 3, 0324 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AND SHBBT IN T6 CONDm ON AT 300 TO 600 P
TBST TEMPRR A'ruRB ON SHBAR
(16, p. 3841)
STRENGTH OF SHBET IN T6 CON-
AIS. SZn-2. SMg-1. ~u-O.ler CI.AD
omaN (12,p.l04 )(13,r.5Z ) 80
-~
"HBET
T6 CON[
60,.- ---.., ----- .---- --.
AIS. SZn-2. SMg-1. 6Cu-O. 3Cr CLAD 60
SHBBT
T6COND
..... .....
o.5lf> ' \~
20
...........
20
TOTAL STRAIN
,
RUP'IURB
I% CREEP T"''"BMP. F '\
O.Slf,Cr..nBP
t-TIMB. HR
'
10
I 10
TIME- HR
100
--....: 50 2.5 Mg
~
L /
~
1.6 Cu
40 0.3 Cr
FTY / -32f
-
CLAD 7075
20 I /
v
30
'
/
COMPRBSSION
0
0 2 4
IOOOKSI
RT
6 8 10
'
I
11
20
OF
FIG. 3,0b1 TANGENT MODULUS CURVES IN COMPRESSION FOR 0.1 10 !00 1000 IQ. 000
SHEET AND PLATE IN T6 CONDmON AT ROOM TEM- AGII'll TIME - HR
PERATURE (9, p. 84)
FIG. 4. 011 RELATIOJ:I5HIP OF HOLDII'll TIME TO FORMII'll
TEMPERATURES FOR SHEET IN T6 CONDITION
(17)
REFERENCES
CODE 3208
PAGE 5
--- -- -- ---
WILLIAM F. BROWN, JR.
f }
data McM11lan and Hyatt (7) report much higher crack \.....-"
percent RH) showed only very mild evidence of surface
AI growth rates. (TR ortentaUon) in 3.5 percent NaCl for
attack after two weeks (9). Panels exposed In a marine
7079-TG forging than for 7079-T6 plate. Additional tests
atmosph ere (300 feet from sea) and In an Industria l
4 Zn on cracked specimen s are necessar y before any firm
atmosph ere showed no corrosio n In one year. These
conclusio ns can be drawn regardin g a comparis on of this
lests are being continued (9).
3 Mg alloy with others. 2,033 Stress Corrosio n. Results are a'llllable for plate and
A study of the crack initiation phenomena in stress
extrusion s subjected to alternate immersio n In 3. 5 per-
0.6 Cu corrosio n of 6 inllh thick plates of 7079-TG has shown
cent NaCl. These results are sunrmari zed in Table
that cracks are initiated at "former" grain boundari es
2. 0331, which shows that conclusio ns reached regardin
0.2 Cr normal to the applied stress (8). Former boundari es g
the resistanc e to stress corrosio n will depend In part on
are original boundari es which have been elongated by
working and contain clusters o! grain fragmen ts. These the type oi test used to evaluate the alloy. As might be
7079A I boundari es cor.tain apprecia ble amounts of nonmeta llics expected, the short transver se direction is relativel y
and the observed sensitivi ty of these regions suggests poor, Additional C ring tests on the 1 3/8 Inch plate (9)
stress corrosio n resistanc e could be improved by In the short transver se direction showed failures at
inereasln g the alloy purity. 50 percent Fty in 83 to 233 days for a marine atmosph ere
2.032 Exfoliati on. Panels (1 x 4 x 9 Inch) subjected to ASTM (300 feet from sea) and an industria l atmosph ere.
B 287 acidified salt spray at 120F using a 6 hour cycle 2. 0331 Results for stress corrosio n of plate and extrusion by
(1/2 hour s('ray + 2 hours dry air+ 3. 5 hours at 100 alternaw Immersio n In 3, 5 percent NaCl using different
types of specimen s, Table 2. 0331.
TABLE 2,0331
Alloy
7079 T651
Form 1 3/8 lnch Plaw (9, p, 48 and 49) Extrusio n (10, p. 102)
Specimen 1 X 2 X 12 0,437 diameter C-ring 0, 125 inch diameter
Type (1) Inch beam tensile 3.4 ineh diameter x tensile
1/16 thick
Percent Fty 75 75 15 50 75
Direction LT L LT ST ST Land LT
Exposure (2) 365 130 lo 83 to 33 5to 84
Time, days 173 148 12
Result Mild blisters Failed Failed Failed Failed None Failed
Wld
slight cracks
(1) 3 specimen s of each type exposed for plate,
2 specimen s exposed for extrusio ns.
(2) 3. 5 percent NaCl altomal<> Immersi on (10 minutes in
solution+ 50 minutes In air)
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
TABLE 3.0ll
Source AMS(l) I Aluminum Associat ion (7)
Alloy 7079
Form Sheet
Condition
T6
Width- inch
All
Typo Bare (a) Clad
Thicknes s - Inch o. 040 to o. 015 to o. 040 to 0.063 to 0,188 to
0.249 (b) 0,039 0,062 0,187 0.249
Ftu, min-ks! 72,0 65.0 67.0 68.0 70.0
Fty, min-ks! G2,0 56.0 58,0 59,0 60,0
e (2 in or 4 D) percent 8 7 8 8 8
Nominal clad
thickness per side, percent
-
(a) Type of specimen used depends on thickness of' material
4 4 2.5 1.5 ......
.
(b) Long transver se direction .
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
I< f
20 Inches '=r
j_
= 7 Inches
~:~
(N.R. <b~ oow>
0,0005 Inch)
Specimen
l B =linch
TABLE 3.02722
Alloy 7079
Condition T6 or T651
Source (19) Table n (17) Table 7 (20) p. 268 (21) Table 7 (22) p. 35
Form 1 3/4 Inch 1 3/8 Inch 1 3/8 Inch 1 1/2 x 14 Inch 1 Inch plate (1)
plate (1) plate (3) plate (1) hand forging (2)
Direction RW WR TR RW WR RT WT L LT TW TR WR
Fty - ksl 75 72 76 73 69 69 75
KQ- 27 24 16 31 27 30 25 25 23 22
ksl --..{i;cl; 50(4) 15(4)
(1) ~ = Krc ASTM notch bend test method (see Appendix C, reference 12).
(2) W L specimen.
(3) 20 Inches wide x 1 3/8 thick center crack plate specimen.
(4) Fractures heavily laminated.
3. 03111 Stress-strain curves for forgings In T6 Condition at 3.059 Fatigue properties of forgings In T6 Condition at elevated
AI various temperatures, Figure 3.03111. temperatures, Table 3. 059.
3. 0312 Effect of exposure and test temperature on tensile
4 Zn properties of bar and forgings In T6 Condition,
Figure 3. 0312.
3 Mg 3. oa13 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of
specimens cut from test ring removed from large pump TABLE 3,059
0.6 Cu Impeller forging, Figure 3.0313.
3.0314 Effect of test temperature on tensile properties of
Source _(14)
0.2 Cr specimens cut from center of large Inducer forging,
Alloy 7079
Figure 3. 0314.
3,0315 Tensile properties of large pu.np inducer forging as a Form Forl!inl!s
7079AI function of position with reapeclto cylindrical axis, Condition T6
Figure 3. 0315. Temp Stress Fatigue Strcngih - ksl
3. 0316 Effect of low temperature on tensile properties of sheet, F Method Rallo at Cycles
billet and plate, Figure 3. 0316.
3. 0317 Effect of test temperature and hold lime on tensile A R 105 106 107 108 5 X 105
properties of sheet, Figure 3. 0317. Room Rotating
3.032 Compression. Temp Beam -1 40 29 21 22 22
3.0321 Stress-strain diagrams. 300 "' 30 22 18 16 15.5
3. 03211 Typical stress-strain curves for plate, Figure 3. 03211. 400 24 17 13 10 9.5
3.033 Impact. 500 16 ll.5 8.5 8 8
3.0331 Effect of low test temperature on impact strengih of
forgings, In T6 condlllon, Figure 3. 0331.
3.034 Bending.
3.035 Torsion and shear. 3.06 Elastic Properties
3,036 Bearing. 3.061 Poisson's ratio. 0.33 (33).
3.037 Stress concentration. 3.062 Modulus of elasticity.
3.0371 Notch properiles. E = 10,300 ksl,
3. 03711 Tensile and sharp notch properties of sheet at cryogenic Ec = 10,500 ksl (34)
temperatures, Figure 3. 03711. Modulus of elasticity at various temperatures,
3.03712 Effect of test temperature on notch yield strengih ratio Figure 3. 0621.
of specimens cut from large hand forgings, 3.0622 Modulus of elasticity at low and elevated temperatures In
Figure 3. 03712. compression, Figure 3. 0622.
3. 03713 Effect of cryogenic test temperatures (to liquid He) on 3.063 Modulus of rigidity.
notch properties of forging, Figure 3. 03713. G =3, 900 ksl (28)
3. 03714 Effect of elevated test temperature on crack strengih of 3.064 Tangent modulus curves for plate, Figure 3. 064.
sheet, Figure 3.03714. 3.065 Typical tangent moduli curves for extrusion,
3. 0372 Fracture toughness (see 3. 0372). Figure 3. 065.
3.038 Combined properties.
40r-------------r-----r-------------~--~ 100
I 7079 I
7079
lINCH PLATE EXTRUSION (;S; o. 249 INCH) AI
CONDITION T6 CONDITION T651
80 4 Zn
301---- FTY =75 KSI KJc ::::: 22 KSI .::.JiN +----1
L-z ~ 3 Mg
LT
60
j/ 0.6 Cu
~
2or-------~~1-----+-----------~--~
~ . TW
40
17 0.2
70l~AI
Cr
P
10
~rniN
7IN~D~)e ~ ~--~CR~A~C~K.-LE~N-G-T~H-AN0--I 20 I TENSION
1/
TIUCKNESB:=::0.5 IN
100
7079
PLATE (VARIOUS PRODUCTION LOTS)
CONDITION T651
90
80 4
-...;
90
~
-.
~ ~- 1----,:
Fru
- 1:>
----.
I
80 ~
100
7079 I
I
GO
4 ''c 'o...
~~ t---.:
80
v- ~-- - -
o-----:
FTY
f 1-- 6 ST
~ 60
~
60 0
L 1/4 THICKNESS
r----.
1/
L CENTER
20 50
40
20 I ---- L
--- T
I
c 0 e(4 D)
u
6
c
0
1/
0 0.004 0.008
TENliON
0.012
I
0.016
0
0 2
THICKNESS - INCH
3 4 5 6
STRAIN- INCH PER INCH FIG. 3. 0212 EFFECT OF THICKNESS AND SPECIMEN LOCATION ON
FIG. 3.02111 TYPICAL STRESS-STRAIN CURVES FOR TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PLATE FROM MIXED LOTS.
PLATE. (36, p. 115) (12, Table 9)
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
100 T 100
T I I
7079
AI 7079
-
13 INCH DIAMETER x 9 INCH HAND FORGING EXTRUSUION (!> 0. 249 INCH)
CONDITION TG51
4 Zn 80 1 - -
CONDITION- T6 I
AXIAL ' 80
.,..
3 Mg .....
0.6 Cu
fiJ
:.:
:::>
60 ~
-- ~-- 1-- 1--
FTU
~-- 80 60
(
1/
E-o
0.2 Cr Pl
"" li.i
:.:
><
7079AJ 40
... 60 E-o
""
40
7
...... COMPRESSION
FTY I-
/ L AND LT
--- ~-
v
1 - - - -1 - - - 1 - - -
20 40 20
- - - -7075 - T6
E-o
zt.l e (1 IN)
10 0
1;l
-- o. 004 o. 012
t.l 0 0.008 0.016
"'
0
/ ::;:::::;;.- ~
2
1--
4
-!._
5 6
Fig, 3. 02211
STRAIN - INCH PER INCH
TYPICAL STRESS-BTRAJN CURVE IN
COMPRESSION FOR EXTRUSION.
(10. p. 157)
RADIAL DISTANCE FROM CENTER AT MID TlllCKNESS
FIG, 3.0213 DISTRIBUTION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES IN A LARGE HAND
FORGING, DATA FOR SIMILAR FORGING OF 7075-TG
INCLUDED FOR COMPARISON. (13, p, 4) 70
7079
CONDITION T651
40
7079 ROOM 320 340 360
HAND FORGINGS 80 TEMP
TG CONDITION
10 HRS SOAK TEMPERATURE -F
FIG. 3. 0222 EFFECT OF DUPLEX THERMAL TREATMENT
GO ON COMPRESSIVE YIELD STRENGTH. (15. p. 5)
~
I
::> 90
E-o
80 40 7079
"" PLATE (VAJUOUS PRODUCTION LOTS)
CONDITION T651
80
60 20
Pl
1: 70
"' 40
60
20
tt.l 40 6 ST
50 0 L 1/4 THICKNESS
~ e L CENTER
"'
0 200 400 600 800 40
EXPOSURE TEMPERATURE -F 0 2 3 4 5
FIG. 3.0214 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO ELEVATED
TEMPERATURE ON ROOM TEMPER-
'fHICKNESS - INCH
FIG. 3.0223 EFFECT OF 'TP.lCKNESS AND SPECIMEN LOCATION ON
....
ATURE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
COMPRESSIVE YIEr.D OF PLATES FROM MIXED LOTS.
FORGINGS lN TG CONDITION. (14)
AIWI
REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969. NONFERROUS ALLOYS
180
7079
PLATE (VARIOUS PRODUCTION LOTS) AI
CONDITION T651
160 4 Zn
3 Mg
140 160
0.6 Cu
0.2 Cr
~ ~
::> 120 140 I
7079AI
~
Ill
~
Ill
"' ""
100 120
80 100
eiD
0 6
2
1.5 CENTER L
60 I 80
0 2 3 4 5
THICKNESS, INCH
FIG. 3. 0261 EFFECT OF TlflCKNESS ON BEARING PROPERTIES OF PLATES
FROM MIXED LOTS. (12, Table 9)
80
7079
PLATE AGED 250F, t HOURS
e AS RECEIVED+ REAGE
70
0
100
7079 6
SHEET 60
CONDITION TG OR T651
80
I 50
~ ~
6 Fr
0.8
GO
"'
6
6}
L
40
1.0 ---
T
0
0
EOOE
NOTCH
CENTER CRACK
'"re'"1 ASTM
STANDARDS
PART 31, 1967
0.7
CENTER CRACK SPECIMEN
PAGE 945 -
Q 0.6
""
<
~
6
i:
~
t.l
0:
0,8
... ......._
6 :---.~
L
-.-
o--........._
""~ 0.6 T
...:1
t.l
-~ 0.4
s::
6
0
::r:
~ 0.4
CLAD
~ 0 0 BARE
0.3
0
e
NONE
250F, 48 HOURS (TG)
"'~ 0.2
~
6 290F, 56, 96, 120AND 90 HR
FOR 0.16, 0. 25, 0. SAND 0,63 INCH
0.4 RESPECTIVELY .
"' 0 0.1 0. 2 0.3 0,2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0,4 0.5 0,6 0. 7
THICKNESS, INCH
FIG, 3. 02711 EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON SHARP NOTCH THICKNESS, INCH
TENSILE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHEET. FIG, 3,02712 EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON CRACK STRENGTH OF PLATE
(17. Ta~le 3 and 4) GIVEN DIFFERENT AGING TREATMENTS. (18, Table 4 and 7)
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS FCEVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
90 ~----~-----T------~----~----~
7079
AI T6 CONDITION
30 MINUTES EXPOSURE AT
4 Zn 80 ELEVATEDTEMPER~TURES-----+~---i
3 Mg
0.6 Cu
0.2 Cr
~-r----~------r-----~--------------~ 100
7079
BAR AND FORGINGS
TENSION T6 CONDITION
_ _ (23) 80
---(24)
OL-----~----~------~----~-----J \,' ~ ,
0 0,002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010
60
STRAIN -INCH PER INCH
FIG, 3, 03111 STRESS-5TRAIN CURVES FOR FORGINGS IN
T6 CONDITION AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES,
::;,
(23, 21, p, 42)
40 t
20
0
EXPOSURE
20
0
30 MINUTES
100 HOURS
4 1000 HOURS
0 4 FORGINGS (14)
0
BAR (24)
40
0
zE-o
lol
80
lillol
II. 40
FIG. 3. 0312
TEMPERATURE-F
EFFECT O.F EXPOSURE AND TEST TEMPERATURE ON '4..
AIWt
REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
100 120
7079
20 INCH DIAMETER X 13 INCH AI
HAND FORGING
80 100 100 f- CONDmON T652 120 4 Zn
TANGENTIAL
3 Mg
~
~
-423F
/ 0.6 Cu
60 80 ~ 80 FTU 100 ~
...~
I
::>
...
Eo<
I
0.2 Cr
FTY ~
...
t )
v 7019AI
40 60 60 80
EST RING FTY
e AXIAL
20 ORADIAL 40 60
40
20 l:J. TANGENTIAL./ 10
Eo<
:z; RA
Eo<
:z;
1&1
~ 0 ,. -.r---_
1&1 10 1&1
p., 10
~
1&1 e(11N)
p,
0 ~
0
10
1/4 1/2 3/4 SURFACE
RADIAL POSITION
FIG. 3.0315 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF LARGE PUMP
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 INDUCER FORGING AS A FUNCTION OF
TEMPERATURE-F POSITION WITH RESPECT TO THE
CYLINDRICAL AXIS. (13, Table 10)
FIG. 3,0313 EFFCT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SPECIMENS CUT FROM TEST
RING REMOVED FROM LARGE PUMP IMPELLER
FORGING, (13, Table 8)
100
7079
20 INCH DIAMETER X 13 INCH HAND FORGING
CONDITION T652
80 100
120
~ FTU 7079
CONDITION T6
::> 60 80 ~ A
...
Eo<
100 y ; SHEET
~ ~ L BILLET
I
40 60 ... PLATE
;:::.
FTY ...
Eo<
80 100
CENTER PROPERTIES
20 AT 1/4 RADIUS 40
20 ~
0
AXIAL
RADIAL 60 80 I
>o
10
6 TANGENTIAL
...
Eo<
f-o
:z;
1&1 60
~
1&1
p, 0 20
f-o
10 :z;
1&1
~
1&1
p., 0
0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 -400 -200 0 200
TEMPERATURE-F TEST TEMPERATURE-F
FlG. 3,0314 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE FIG. 3,0316 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE
PROPERTIES OF SPECIMENS CUT FROM CENTER ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
nco T A.'Dt"!l:' DU'l.r.l nJnT1f"10"D 'L"nDt"!ll>J(l SHEET. BILLET AND PLATE.
.--------- ------------ -------- --------- ----
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS .REVISED: SEPTEMBER,I969
100 5
v
7079 7079
AI .064 SHEET FORGINGS
T6 CONDITION
v
CONDITION T6
4 Zn 80 4
3
0.6
0.2
Mg
Cu
Cr
~
I
:::>
E-<
"'
60
-- - ~
~
"'\
L
80 3 ..-/
IE CHARPY V
7079AI 40
';:;
\ 60 ~ 2 I
~
.........
"'-,
" !::
-400 -200
TEMPERATURE-F
0 200
~
HOLD TIME
e <5 SECONDS riG. 3.0331 EFFECT OF LOW TEST TEMPER-
20 40"' ATURE ON IMPACT STRENG'i'H OF
0 30 MINUTES i' FORGINGS IN TG CONDITION.
(24, p. 55)
0
20 20
E-<
zt>l
e (2 IN)
1;! 10
t>l
p.. ~
0
0 100 200 300 400 50(1
TEMPERATURE-F
FIG. 3,0317 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND HOLD
TIME ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET.
(26, p. 89)
120
7079
0.125 INCH SHEET
CONDITION T6
100
Kt ""' 17
80
100
7079 ~
0.250 TO 2.000 INCHES
60
PLATE
CONDITION T651
80
v...- ~
v 1--
40
~
GO e ~ L
l :~?1
II
0 .0. T
--L r<0.001IN
20
--T
40
I ~
10
v
t>l
e (2 IN)
20
[;!
t>l
COMPRESSION p.. 0
-400 -200 0 200
0 I TEMPERATURE- F
0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016
A ..... - .... ---..-- ......... - -- ..._____
AI WI
REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
At,~ 1.8
b 7079
HAND FORGINGS
AI
CONDITION T652
1.4
4 Zn
3 Mg
0.6 Cu
e 1,2
~ 0.2 Cr
iS
fi1&1 1.0 7079AI
[:l CENTER CRACK SPECIMEN
"'
Q
~
0.8 f-',..-1-----,r--+--~..+t:. & TANGENTIAL 0
~ o RADIAL
0 400 500
~ e AXIAL TEMPERATURE-F
g= 0.6
6 0 e SURFACE (TEST RING
FIG. 3, 0313)
FIG. 3,03714 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEST TEMPER-
ATURE ON THE CRACK STRENGTH OF
0 (26, p. 104)
z 1/4 RADIUS SHEET.
V 1/2 RADIUS
0.4
TSMPERATURE-F
FIG, 3,03712 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH YIELD
STRENGTH RATIO OF SPECIMENS CUT FROM LARGE
HAND FORGINGS, (13, Tables 8 and 10) 7079
100 CONDiTION T6, CONDmON T651
ALL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT EXTRUSIONS)
so
60
120 40
7079
FORGING
CONDITION T6
100
20
~
80
10
~
60
1.2 8
0
f:; 6
;a
=
E-
1.0
0 4
z
1&1
1!:
"'1&1 o.s
E-
~
Iii
zl>l
E- 0.6
=
z~ 1
0,4 1000
-200 -100 0 100 0,1 10 100
-400 -300
TEMPERATURE-F TIME, IIOUR
- ----- - .......... .. ,..n1':"ron AUT\ ,..Dl:"~O ntltiTttnF. ~tJRVES
60
7079
AI HAND FORGINGS
CONDmON T6
4 Zn 40 SOLUTION TREAT
3 Mg Kt =1.0
0.6 Cu 20
0.2 Cr
Kt= 2.4
0
7079AI
NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.051 S-N CURVES FOR HAND FORGINGS IN CONDITION
T6 !SHORT TRANSVERSE DIRECTION) (30, p. 26)
sor---~--~------~--~
7079
HAND FORGINGS
L
CONDITION T6
2 --RUPTURE
---1 PERCENT}
--0,5 PERCENT
---0,2 PERCENT CREEP
---0,1 PERCENT
NtThffiER OF CYCLES
1 10 100 1000 FIG. 3.052 S-N CURVES FOR HAND FORGINGS IN
CONDITION T6 (LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION)
TIME, HOUR (30, p. 25)
FIG, 3. 042 TYPICAL CREEP AND CREE;<> RUPTURE CURVES
FOR T6, T651 PRODUCTS AT 212F,400F, AND
GOOF. (28)
60
7079
FORGINGS
CONDI'!:'IONT6
50
80 r---r---~--~--~--~
40 7079
FORGING R = -1
CONDmON T652
60 l--1---+--- FORGING APPLICATION
~ 30 ~ \,
\
A = OXIDIZER IMPELLER
C = FUEL INDUCER
10
AXIAL LOAD (A)
0 ~----~---~----~----L---__J
0
0 0,004 0.004 0.008 0.012
STRAIN- INCH PER INCH NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3,043 ISOCHRONOUS STRESS-8TRAIN CURVES AT 300 AND 400F FIG. 3,053 S-N CURVES FOR FORGINGS IN CONDITION '1'652.
FOR ,\LLOY IN T6 CONDITION. (29, Figure 12,13) (31, p. 78)
CODE 32091
70
\ .............. 7079
HAND FORGING S- CONDITION T6
SPECIMENS FROM CENTER
AI
60 eROTATING BEAM (R = -1)
4 Zn
21 INCH DIAMETE R X 13 INCH FORGING
OAXIALL OAD (R = -1)
3 Mg
311NCH DIAMETE R X 21.5 INCH FORGING 0.6 Cu
Kt = 1
50 0.2 Cr
~
1Z 7079A I
r"'
IS 40
"'
I
... 30
20
103 105
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3,054 S-N CURVF..S FOR SPECIME NS REMOVED FROM CENTER OF
LARGE HAND FORGINGS. (13, p, 75 and 76)
60
7079
31 INCH DIAMETE R X 21.5 HAND FORGING
CONDITION T6
SPECIME NS FROM CENTER
AXlAL LOAD
50
1\ = 1 50 ..----- ...----- ..,.---- ------- ------- ...,
R=-1 7079-TG AND T651
ALL PRODUCTS
(EXCEPT EXTRUSIONS)
30 KSI
eRT
A300F}
(ROTATING BEAM)
y 400 F CANTIJ,E VER
~ 30 1 - - -...--~k:-. S:!OF' BEAM:
I
1Z
I
E 1-----1-~...--+::,..,.:--+----+---l
20
10 KSI
10 L---------~--------L---------L------J
100: 0 L-----L---~----~----~----~
CYCLES TO FAILURE
F1G. 3.055 NUMBER OF CYCLES
S-N CURVES AT DIFFERE NT MEAN STRESSE S FOR
SPECIME NS REMOVED FROM CENTER OF LARGE F1G. 3.056 S-N CURVES FOR ALL PRODUCTS EXCEPT
HAND FORGING. EXTRUSIONS IN T6 AND T651 CONDITIONS.
(13, p. 79)
(28)
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: SEPTEMBER, 1969
100 7079
AI 0.08 AND 0.160 INCH SHEET
1-----+-- t-COND ITION T6
4 Zn
CONSTANT AMPLITUDE
3 Mg
0.6 Cu
0.2 Cr
7079AI
10 1000
so 7079
1 3/8 INCH PLATE
CONDITION T651 120
~ .....__
40 r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - t - 7 ' - - - ; 7079
--JBI- ~ !(~
30 ~
r--IN-.---ClES- \----..5)
} l TINCH
n
u ~~ ~~
1><1'1
~~
100
Ec
~
Zl'l
20
CENTER CRACK SPECIMEN
~ALLOAD
R = 0,33
~
1'1'"'
1;!::;!
1'18
p.. P:
80
'"
A= 0,50 60
-400 -200 0 200 400 GOO
10 /" L T B, INCH
-~ 0 1/4 TEMPERATU RE-F
6 3/4
FIG. 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT LOW AND ELEVATED
TEMPERATU RE IN COMPRESSION. (34)
I
0
4 G 8 10 12 14 16
K - KSI =VINCH.!-2
100
FIG. 3.058 EFFECT OF STRESS INTENSITY LEVEL ON FATIGUE CRACK 7079
PROPAGATION RATE OF PLATE. (9, Table 10) 0.250 TO 2.000 IN PLATE
CONDITION TG51
80
12
~ ~--
~
r--:: r---,
7079
~
.It 60
10
.!"--... ~
E ~~ 40
~ 8
~ i\.
0
0
....
0
6 1 -r-- .
T6 BILLET (24) 20 1- - - - L
---T
-- --
T6, T651 PRODUCTS (28)
\
4 I I I 0
0.004
I 0.008 0.012 0,016
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 600
STRAIN -INCH PER INCH
TEMPERATU RE-F
FIG. 3.0621 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AT VARIOUS TEMPER- FIG. 3,064 TANGENT MOTJULUS CURVES FOR
(24){28) PLATE, (12, p, 115)
ATURES.
I'IVNI" t.t<liUU~ ALLOYS
i 100
\
7079
16, R. w. Judy Jr. and R. J. Goode, "Metallurgic al
EXTRUSION ( ~ O. 249 INCH) Characteris tics of High Strength Structural Materials",
CONDITION T651 7th Quarlerly Reno!!, NRL Report 6327. page 26 AI
(May 1965)
80 17.
~
J.G. Kaufman and Marshall Holt, "Fracture Charac- 4 Zn
~ ~T
teristics of Aluminum Alloys", Alcoa Research
18.
Laboratorie s, Technical Paper No. 18 (1965) 3 Mg
S,H. Smith, T.R. Porter and W,D, Sump, "Fatigue
60 Crack Propagation and Fracture Toughness 0.6 Cu
Characteris tics of 7079 Aluminum Alloy Sheets and Plates
!2 In Three Aged CoDdiUoos," Tbe Boeing Company,
NASA CR-996, Contract NAS-1-1!474 (Fe~., 1968)
0.2 Cr
40 19. J.G. Kaufman, P.E. Schilling and F.G. Nelson Jr.,
"Fracture Toughness of Aluminum Alloys", Alcoa 7079AJ
Research Laboratorie s, New Kensington, Pennsylvani a,
Paper presented at ASM Metal Congress (1968)
20 20. J.G. Kaufman, F.G. Nelson Jr. and Marshall Holt,
"Fracture Toughness of Aluminum Alloy Plate Determined
with Center Notch Tension, Single Edge Notch Tension
and Notch Bend Tests", Eng!neerlog Fracture Mechanics,
0 Volume I, page 259 (1968)
0 4 8 12 16
21. s.o. Davis, N.G. Tupper and R.M. Niemi, "Effect of
Specimen Type and Crack Orientauon on Fracture
1000 KSI Toughness", AFML-1'R-6 7-38 (March 1967)
FIG. 3,065 TYPICAL TANGENT MODULUS CURVES 22. C.N. Freed and R.J. Goode, "Metallurgic al Charac-
FOR EXTRUSION. (10) teristics of High Strength Structural Materials",
11th Quarterly Report, NRL Report 6513 page 31
(August 1966)
23. Aluminum Companl' of America, Research Laboratorie s,
"Typicnl Tensile~ ~ess-5tra!n Curves for 7079-T6"
(December 5. 19~7)
24. R. L. McGee, J. E. Campbell, R.L. Carlson nnil.
G. K. Manning, "The Mechanical Properties of Certain
Aircraft Metals at Very Low Temperatur es", WADC-
TR-58-386 (June 1958)
25. J.E. Campbell, "Aluminum Alloys for Cryogenic
Service", Materials Research and Standards, Volume 4,
No. 10 (October 1964)
REFERENC ES 26. J.D. Morrison and J.R. Kallus, Summary Technical
Report on an "Investigatio n of Methods for Determining
1. AMS 4024 (June 30, 1960) Revised January 31, 1964
Crack Propagation Resistance of High Strength Alloys"
2. AMS 4136 (June 30, 1962)
Southern Research Institute, Bureau of Naval Weapons,
3. AMS 4138 (August 15, 1955) Contract NOAS-60~6040c (March 1961)
4. AMS 4171A (January 15, 1960) 27. M.P. Hanson et al., "Sharp-Notc h Behavior of Some
5. Aluminum Company of America, Alcoa Aluminum
High Strength Sheet Aluminum Alloy, and Welded Joints
Handbook (1967)
at 75, -320 and -423F", Proceedings , American Society
6. The Aluminum Data Book, Reynolds Metals ComrJany Test Materials, Volume 60 (1960)
(1965) 28. Alcoa Research Laboratories , Data Sheet (August 1962)
7. The Aluminum Association, "Standards for Wrought 29. Aluminum Compwty of America, Research Laboratorie s,
Aluminum Mill Products" (September 1965)
8.
"Isochronou s Stress-Strai n Curves for Several Heat-
M.S. Hunter and W.G. Fricke Jr., "Study of Crack
Treated Wrought Aluminum Alloys at 300 nnd 4000F
Inltlatlon Phenomena Associated with Stress Corrosion
(1958)
of Aluminum Alloys", Alcoa NASA Contract NAS-8-20396 30. D.A. Paul, "Fatigue Behavior of 2014-TG, 7075-TG
Second Annual Report (July 15, 1968) and 7079-TG Aluminum Alloy Regular Hand Forgings",
9. J.G. Kaufman, G. E. Nordmark and B. W. Llfka, WADC TR-59-591 (January 1960)
"Fracture Toughness, Fatigue and Co't"roslon Charac- 31. Cryogenic Materials Data Handbook, ProgreRs Report
teristics of 7075 - T651 and 7079 - T651 Aluminum No. 2, Supplement to ML-TDR-64 -280 (July 1965)
Alloys". Alcoa AFML-TR-6 5-170, Contract AF33(657)- 32. S.R. SwWlson, F. Cicci and W, Hoppe, "Cra~k
11155 (May 1965) Propagation In Clad 7079-TG Aluminum Alloy Sheet",
to. D.J. Brownhlll, R. E. Davis and D.O. Sprowls, ASTM STP 415 page 312 (1967)
"Mechanical Properties, Including Fracture Toughness 33. Metals Handbook, Volume I, "Properties Wld Selection
and Fatigue and Resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking of Metals", American Society for Metals (1961)
of Stress Relieved Stretched Aluminum Alloy Extrusions", 34. "Metallic Materials and Elements for Flight Vehicle
Alcoa AFML-TR-6 9-34, Contract AF33(G15)-3580 Structures", Mllltary llnndbook-5, Department of
(February 1968) Defense (August 1962)
11. R. W. Judy Jr. and R.J. Goode, "Metallurgic al Charac- 35. P.C. Mlller, "Low Temperntu~e Mechanical Properties
teristics of 111gb Strengih Materials", 12th Quarterly of Several Aluminum Alloys :u~d their Weldments",
Report, NRL Report 6607, page 88 (September 1967) NASA-TMX-50058 (October 2, 1961)
12. G. w. Stickley and D.J. Brownhlll, "Mechanical 36. J. Corey McMillian and 1\flchnel V. Hyatt, "Developme nt
Properties of Stretched Stress-Relie ved Aluminum Pinto", of lllgh Strength Aluminum Alloys with Improved Stress
Alcon Research Labs, ML-TDR-64 -105 (May 1964) Corrosion Resistance" , The Boeing Compwty, AFML-
13. F. T. Inouye, "Properties of Large 7079 Aluminum Alloy TR-68-148, Contract AF33(615)-3G97 (June 1968)
Forgings, in a Cryogenic Environmen t", Aero jet-General 37. J. K. Wareham, "Forming Plate Sheet and Foil",
Corporation , NASA-cR-5 13 (July 1966) Aluminum Volume ID, "Fabrication and Finishing",
14. Aluminum Company of America Research Laboratory, American Society for Metals, page 153 (1967)
Daln Sheet (August 29, 1957) 38. R.S. Barker and J.G. Sutton, "Stress Relieving and
15. "Material-A luminum Alloys", Duplex Thermal Exposure Stress Control", Aluminum Volume ill, Fabrication and
Compressiv e Yield, General Dynamics, FTDM-3152 Finishing", American Society for Metals, page 355
IAorll 15. 1964) (1967)
REVISED MARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
J.L. SHANNON
Superseded Current
AMS Bare or Clad Form Military Federal
Specification Specifications
----- Bare Sheet, Plate (0, TG, T651, F (2) Conditions) Mll-A-9180 QQ-A -250/14d
4158A(1) Bare Extruded Bar and Shapes (0, TG, TG2, TG51 Conditions) Mll-A-9186 QQ-A -200/13a
1. 04 Compaslt!on
Table 1,04,
TABLE 1.01
CODE 3210
NONFERRO US ALLOYS REVISED MARCH 1968
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
I 40 40 40 36 40
I I
Ftu , max, ksl
Fty , max, ksl
e(2 In or 4 D), min, percent
...
21
10 I 10
-
I 24
10
20
10 10
-
Up to 32 Inch 2 area
For plate ;;. 0.500 Inch thickness the clad Is removed In specimen preparation and therefore
the properties are for core material only. Ftu for composite plate Is slightly lower.
Alloy 7178
Form Sheet Plate
Condition T6 T6 and T651
For plate ';;is0.500 inch thickntlss the clad is removed in specimen preparation and
3
73
I 70
therefore the properties arc for ~ore matcrlai only. Ftu and Fty for composite plate
nrc slightly lower.
TABLE 3.014
Alloy 7178
Form Extrusions
Condition Thickness Area Ftu min ~'ty min e(2 in or
Source inch Inch 2 40), min
ksi ksi
Percent
7178 - o
7178 - To I 0
2t - It I () I
3t - 5t
0- 11
It - Gt
I 5t11-7t I It _ 21
51 - 71 1
1.51 _ 3tJ 2. 51 _ 4t
6t - 10 7t - 1lt
I 3t- St
7t - 1~1
Clad shcPI can be bent over slightly smaller radii than the corresponding tempers of the
unclad alloy.
3.025 Shear.
---
3.0251 Spread In room temperature shear strength for
seventeen plates In T651 Condition from three producers
Figure 3.0251.
3. 0252 Effect of test method and specimen orientation on room
temperature shear strength of plate In T651 Condition.
Table 3. 0252.
TAB l.J' 3. 0252
Source (~1-4~'--------------------~
Alloy 7178
Form --~1~.2~5~In~c~h~P~l~n~tc~--------------~
Condition --....,-..:T..:;6.:;5~1=:------------------~
Fsu- ksl
Double Shear Tests Single Shear Tests
Amsler Tool Rivet Tool
loading Direction X y ., X y z X y z
53.0 40,G 47.6 45.7 55.2
52.2 48.4 48.0 44.4 53.4
47.8 47.6 42.1 13.1 44.4 42.7
Supports
D = 3/8 Except for YZ and XZ Planes
where D = 3/16
!Ugld Shear Tool (Amsler)
specimens machined from mid-thickness of plate.
1- 1!.4 ~
1 -1 r-- !.4
AIWT
REVISED MARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
57.4 58.2
T
I
- ' 1-1/21-
Figure 3. 03201.
3.0321 Effect of exposure at test temperature on stress strain
curves In compression for clad sheet In TG Condltlcn,
7072
I 4
I 20
I 12
4. FABRICATION
AI Similar to 7075 and Clad 7075. Only complementary ~r
different Information Is listed below.
7 Zn 4.01 Formability
4,011 TG Condition possesses very limited formnbllity at
3 Mg room temperature, but its formability Improves
2 Cu considerably with Increasing temperntur<!.
Recommended forming temp<!rature Is :!75 to 325F,
0.3 Cr 1 hour maximum.
4.012 B<!nding. 0 CondiUon requires slightly larger bend
factors than 2024-0. IV CondiUon can uc bent to radll
7178 slightly lnrg<!r than those nc<!dcd for 0 Con<IJUon. TG
CLAD'7178 Condition requlr<!s sllghtly greater bend factors than
7075-TG. Bend factor for 0 and 1'6 Conditions ar<!
given In Table 3, 0241.
4.03 Welding. As with other high strength aluminum alloys,
welds In this alloy have a tendency to cr:lCk durin~
cooling. Wcl<ling Is therefore not recommended. When
special care is taken ,however, sound welds having low
strength and ductility can be produc<!d, Sprelal
trehnlqucs Involving certain filler metal COIDJ>O>'ilions
and postweld heat treatments can produce well strengths
approaching those of the base metal uut with e\'cr.
greater sacrifice In ducllllty, (Her 27).
4. 031 Effret of test temperature on smooth and sharp notch
tensile properties of welded TG sheet. Figure LU:IJ.
AI-7Zn-3Mg-ZC u- 0.3 Cr
PLATE
TSI COt>:DJTION
17 PLATES, 3 PRODUCERS
100 0 0 L
T RT TESTS
IS
t..
0:
w
~14
~
0:
w
~
~13
"': 0
IZ
-zoo 0 zoo 400 600 f..
TEMP- F
~ Jo~--~1~~~~~~9a~~~~~S6~~~SR~7S/.I-~~~~
FIG. Z. 014 THERMAL EXPANSION u
0:
(IZ, p. 35) w
~
THICKNESS~0.75-IN,I/2-IN ROUND SPECIMF:N USED, TAKEN
S L-----~------~~F~R~O~M~C~E=N~T~E~R~O~F_P~L~A~T~E~----~----~
0 .z .4 .6 .8 1.0 l.Z 1.4
PLATE THICKNESS IN
FIG. 3. OZIOZ SPREAD IN ROOM TEMPERATUR E TENSILE PROPERTIES_'
l'OR SEVENTEEN PLATES IN T6SJ CONDITION FROM ,,,
THREE PRODUCERS.
AIWT
REVISEDMARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
(
'--
100
A1-7Zn-3Mg-ZCu-O. 3Cr I
PLATE RT TESTS AI
T651 CONDITION 0 L
7 Zn
90
17 PLATES, 3 PRODUCERS
- 4r-...- - ~-
-
T
3 Mg
o If 2 Cu
Q),.. ( &16 F
CY
~ 0 0.3 Cr
80
- r-8-- - r-
PLATE THICKNESS-E;. S-IN FULL THICKNESS SHEET-
-- 7178
TYPE SPECIMEN USED CLAD'7178
PLATE THICKNESS~- 75-IN 1/2-INROUND SPECIMEN USED
TAKEN FROM CENTER OF PLATE
70
0 .z .4 .6 .8 1.0 l.Z
PLATE THICKNESS- IN
FIG. 3. OZZOI SPREAD IN ROOM TEMPERATURE COMPRESSIVE
YIELD STRENGTH FOR SEVENTEEN PLATES IN
T651 CONDITION FROM THREE PRODUCERS.
(16, p. 30)
Al-7Zn-3Mg-ZCu-O. 3Cr
RT TESTS
PLATE
T651 CONDITION
0 L
17 PLATES, 3 PRODUCERS
T
60 ~----+-----~-----+-----+------r-----1-~
zo
A1-7Zn-3Mg-ZCu-O. 3Cr
AI PLATE
T651 CONDITION
7 Zn 180 3 PRODUCERS
3 Mg
2 Cu
160
0.3 Cr :I
a:
Ill
7178 ~
CLAD'7178
12.0
A
l
T W D e/D=1. 5 c/D=Z. 0
ZSO- . 315 Z 0. 5 FLATWISE
373 - 1. zs 1. 5. 0. 375
l. 00 - l. ZS 1. 0 0. 2.5 EDGEWISE
.T .T
.0.L OL
100~----~----~-----L----~----~~----~----~----~
0 .2. .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2. 1.4
PLATE THICKNESS -IN
FIG. 3. 02.61 SPREAD IN ROOM TEMPERATURE BEARING STRENGTH FOR
SEVENTEEN PLATES IN T651 CONDITION FROM THREE PRO-
DUCERS.
(16, p. 30)
80 1----+--\-.;-_.___-f-----~ 40 ~
1--
"'
60
~ 40
>-
...
"' zo
...z
!ol 0
u 40
a:
w
p,
0
0 zoo 40(, 600
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03101 EFFECT CF EXPOSURE AT
TEST TEMPER.".TURE ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
CLAD SHEET IN T6 CONDITION.
AIWT
REVISE DMARC H 1968 NONF ERRO US ALLOYS
0
ZlZF
60
60r-~~~----~~~~ ~~~--~
3Cr(CLAD )
Al-7 Zn-3Mg- ZCu-0.
0. 187 IN SHEET
I
_.,.....n,. T6 CONDITIO N
40 r-----~~~--,_~E~X~P~O~S~U~R~E~-;
1/ZHR
0 IOOHR
A. IOOOHR
ZOr------+--~:~,_~---,------~
~40
Fey
OL-----~-----L----~----~
20 0 zoo 400 600 800
tEMP- F
eo A. (b)
FIG. 3.0351 EFFECT OF EXPOSUR E AT
0 ... (8)
800
TEST TEMPER, \TURE ON
SHEAR STRENGT H OF CLAD
400 600
0 zoo SHEET IN T6 CONDITIO N.
TEMP- F (6, p. 82)
~
>- 40
a:
Ill
1>.
0
0 zoo 400 600 800
100~------~------------------~~~
TEMP F A1-7Zn-3M g-ZCu-O. 3Cr(CLAD)
FIG. 3.036I EFFECT OF EXPOSURE AT 80 1-----.; --- 0, 03Z IN SHEET
TEST TEMPERAT URE ON T6 CONDITION
BEARING PROPERTIE S OF
CLAD SHEET IN T6 CONDI
TION, (6, p. 81)
140
A1-7Zn-3M g-2Cu-O. 3Cr
0.125 IN SHEET SOOF
1ZO ~ T6 CONDITION
OOOL-
~ zo
10 0
!!._
0 j-
!' . . . _
-, ___
T
I
FTU
600F
- --- :---
NTS 0 TIME- HR
z:c. ,.b.:at.~
(
~ :;
-*- ...
\]
~
_Lr<.001
z
--- '-_..,
I
e (2 IN)
Ht---
0
-~ ~- --
-400 -300 -ZOO -100 0 100
TEST TEMP F
REVISED MARCH 1968 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
Al-7Zn-3Mg-2Cu-O. 3Cr(CLAD) AI
40 0. 063 IN SHEET
T6 CONDITION 7 Zn
COATING TREATMENT: 3 Mg
SURFAC!i: PREP, Rl(So/o NaOH, 150F, 30 SEC) t ANODIC
TREAT, ALUMIUTE 20l(lS%HzS04 , 70F, 12 AMP/SQ. FT.,
2 Cu
30
15 MIN) t PIGMENTATION TREAT, IRON OXIDE t SEALING 0.3 Cr
TREAT, BOILING WATER, 10 MIN. I
7178
CLAD'7178
R" -1
10
RT TESTS
Bu
Al-7Zn-3Mg-2CJ-0. 3Cr
I
- --......,_
=r
T6 CONDITION
70 -
"'\
\
I
>NO. m HOL"
60
iii so
:.:
\STRAP THICKNESS
~'" E'CH
~ ~--~--<:-~
o-o--6-o
"'"'w -~
~
1/8~~
0: 40 IV
....
in
:::E
:::>
3 30
RT TESTS
AXIAL LOAD
-- --- ---- \
\
X
..; R=O
::E
20 --
10 - - - ---- i------
~..... ........._,
~
0
10
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3. 053 UOOM TEMPERATURE AXIAL STRESS FATIGUE. SiRENGTH OF
RlVETED .TOINT.
(ZO)
CODE 3210
AIWT
NONFER ROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH 1968
100
I I I I
AI ~ ~A1-7Zn-3Mg-ZCu-O. 3Cr
7 Zn r.. 90
WROUGHT
-
3
2
Mg
Cu
"'....
!-<
<
~~
fil 80
::>
0.3 Cr ...:!
7178
CLAD'7178
<
>
"'
0
E-<
70
""'"'~ 1\
i!l 60
~
~
p.
f>i so
AT 75F
Ec=10.5x1 0
6
-E = 10.3 x 10 PSI
6
\
PSI
40
100 zoo 300 400 500 600 700
TEMP- F
60
~ 40
zo
SMOOTH SPECIMEN
E-< 0 INERT GAS-811IELDED ARC WELD; BEND NOT
~ 5 REMOVED. STRENGTHS BASED ON THICKNESS
u OFSHEET.
a:
fil 0
~
0
-400 -300 -ZOO -100 0 100
TEST TEMP- F
-
---
Al-7Zn-3Mg- ZCu-O. 3Cr(CLAD)
80
RT-
ZIZF
r--- 0. 064 IN SIIEET
Tb CONDITION - FIG. 4. 031 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATU RE ON SMOOTH
AND SHARP NOTCH TENSILE PROPERTIE S OF
I~
WELDED T6 SHEET.
(13, p. 6)
300F
60
r--... ...... - - ------
~
-
400F
~40
ET~
zo
COMPRESSIO N I'-
500F
600F 1-----
0 I
0 z 4 6 8 10
1000 KSI
AI
7 Zn
3 Mo
2 Cu
REFERENCES
0.3 Cr
I. AMS 40~1B (Mar 15, 1966)
2. AMS 1052A (Jan 15, 1957) 7178
3. AMS 4158A (Jan 31, 1964) CLAD'7178
4. Mil-Handbook-HID, "Cross-Index of Chemically
Equivalent Specifications and Identlflcation Code
(Ferrous and NonFerrous Alloys)", (May 15, 1958)
5. The Aluminum Association, ''Standards of Wrought
Aluminum Mill Products", (Aug. 1961)
6. Doerr, D.D., "Determination of Physical Properlles
of Ferrous and Nonferrous Structural Sheet Materials
at Elevated Temperatures", AF TR No. 6517,
Part 2, (April 1954)
7. Van Echo, J.A., Wirth, W.F. and Simmons, W.F.,
"Short Time Creep Properties of Structural Sheet
Materials for Aircraft and Missiles", AF TR No 6731,
Part Ul, (May 1955)
8. lleimerl, G.J. and Hughes P.J., "Structural
Efficiencies of Various Aluminum, Titanium and Steel
Alloys at Elevated Temper-atures", NACA TN 2975,
(July 1953)
9. Reynolds Metals Co., "The Aluminum Data Book",
(1958)
10. Pa1>cn G. W. , ''Personal Correspondence", Lockheed
Aircraft Corp., (Sept 23, 1959, Oct. 13, 1959)
11. Am Soc Met., "Meta Ia Handbook", Vol I, 8th Ed.,
(1961)
12. Aluminum Co. of America "Alcoa Aluminum Handbook",
(1959)
13. Hanson, M.P., Stickley, G.W. and Richards, H.T.,
"Sharp Notch Behavior of Some lllgh Strength Sheet
Aluminum Alloys and Welded Joints at 75, -320 and
-423F", ASTM STP 287, (1960)
14. Kaufman, J.G. and Davies, H. E., "Effects of Test
Method and Specimen Orientallon on Shear Strengths
of Aluminum Alloys", Proceedings, ASTM, Vol. 64.
( 1964), page 999
1. 01 Commercial Designation
7039.
CODE 3212
PAGE
NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
3, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 3.0213 Effect or aging time on tensile properti es of alloy, Fig,
3,0213.
3-01 Specified Mechanical Propertie s 3.0214 Effect of storage tempera ture and aging on yield strength
3.0ll AMS Specifications of alloy, Fig. 3,02i4.
3-012 MUltary Specifications 3.0215 Tear strength of plate In Condition T64, Table 3, 0215,
3.013 ASTM specified mechani cs! properti es, Table 3-013,
TABLE 3 0215
TABLE 3 013
Source 13 So.urce (7 TI:l. X)
Allov AI-4Zn-2 . 8Ml'!-0. 25Mn-0. 20Cr All oiL Al-4Zn-2 8M2-0. 25Mn-O 20Cr
Form Form Plate
Sheet plate
Condition T61 Condition T64
T6151 TI1Jckness - IlL
Thicknes s Jn 0.188 to 2.000 0. 250 to 2. 000 0.50
min .. ksi Tear strength - ksi 79.2 (max)
Ftu 55 55
min-ksi Strain energy
Ftr 45 45 release rate - in .. kst
c( In) ~pcl"I:CO( 10 10 0. 722
V.nre
IAJinv
Temncr
Ftu' ""Difn .. ksi
TABLE 3 014
-47.n-2. RMP-0.
T6
55
4
25Mn- 20Cr 0,001" 0.0005" r ~*"' N
Fty. -minkst 45
c(2 In) -min-per cent 10
0.3!25"
ii.Jj'j(j.. Dla.
2 Holes
CODE 3212
PAGE 2
NONFERROUS ALLOYS
AIWT
MARCH 1966
3.022 Compressioo, see Table 3. 0212. 3.0313 Effect ol. low temperature oo longltudlnsl and trausverse
3.0221 Stress-strain dlsgrams tensile properties of plate. Fig. 3. 0313. AI
3.023 'Impact, see 3.033. 3.0314 Effect ol. low temperature on tensile properties d. sheet
3.024 BeDding In Condltloo 1'64, Fig. 3.0314. 4 Zn
3.025 Torsioo and shear, see Table 3.0212. 3,0315 Effect o1. low and elevated temperature on tensile Strength
3.026 Bearing, see Table 3. 0212. ol. alloy, Fig. 3.0315. 2.8 Mg
3,027 Stress cODCeutrntlon 3.0316 Effect ol. cold work and percent recrystslllzatloo on tensll
3.0271 Notch properties properties ol. alloy at 5SOF and 775F, Fig. 3.0316. 0.25 Mn
3.02711 Tensile and notch strength properties at room temperature 3.0317 Effect o1. low temperature on tensile properties d. plate.
for sheet, plate ond extrusions In Conditions 1'61 and Fig. 3. 0317. 0.20 Cr
1'64, Table 3.02711.
(a) LT
(b) Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA
3,02712 Notch-tensile properties for plate at roon1 temperature, 3.0318 Effect of low temperature on longitudinal and transverse
Table 3. 02712. tensile properties of sheet and plate, Fig. 3,0318.
3.032 Compression
3.0321 Stress-strain dlsgrams
TABLE 3 02712
3.033 lml""ct, see Table 4. 038,
Source TN. vnn 3.0331 Transverse tensile Impact properties at room and low
Alloy Al-4Zn-2. BMO. 25Mn-0. 20Cr tempP.rature for plate, Tobie 3. 0331.
Form PltP
Cnmltlnn Tbl T64
Thickness - In o. 750 I. 75 1.38 TABLE 3.0331
Direction Long T
Source 2
Ftu, -ksl 61.8 61.4 65 Allov Al-4Zn-2. 8Ml!0.25Mn-0.20Cr
Fty ksl 51.8 so 58 Form l'late(a)
e(2 In) percent 13 n 12 Condition T64
NTS(Kt6. 3)-ksl 85.2 88.3 98 RT -320
Temncrature F
NTS/UNTS 1.38 I. 44 I. 50 Ftlbs, unnotched
NTS/UNYS 1.64 1.76 1.69 48.8 64.5
I. 75 In }(b)
!.SO In 55.5 71.3
3.0272 Fracture toughness Ft . :~. notched
3.028 Combined properties I. 75 In }(b) 5.6 4.8
3.03 Mechanical Properties at Varlrus Temperatures !,50 In 5.5 6.1
3.031 Tension e, (21n) -percent
3.0311 Stress-Strain dlsgrams I. 75 In }(b) 12 12
1.50 In _ 11 11
3.0312 Tensile properties of recrystallized and hot rolled alloy,
Table 3.0312. (a) All specimens transverse
(b) Plate thickness
CODE 3212
PAGE 3
NONFERROUS ALLO YS MARCH 1966
0.25 Mn
0.20Cr
TABLE 3.03716
'SnnrrP
(3) _(a)
7039 All elY
AI4Zn2. 8M~tO. 25MnO. 20Cr
Form . Sh""t
Cnrdltlnn
Plate Extrusion
T64 T61
"n.lr>nPOA In 0.064 T64 T61
0.125 0.375 0.75 o. 75 1.50 o. 75
Ftu -ksl, L
-ksl, T
-
85.8
81.4
84.5
82.8
85.6
87.6
86.8
86.0
85.8
87.3 85.7
0.75
as. 1
1. 75
80.7
15 X 6
95.3 91.8
86.9 82.3 82.3
Fry -ksl, L . 69.8 7(1.:; 72.2 7i.2 74.7 65.0
78.4 84.4 82.6
ksl, T 65.0 60.9 81.4 73.9
70.5 69.2 7C.t 71.6 72.0 72.3 62.1 62.1
e percent, L
-percent, T
- 17.5 18.~ 16.5 18.0 12.3 15.7 15.7
59.3
16.3
70.4
10.0
65.4
14.0
14.5 14.3 16.0 15.3 10.0 11.0 14.5
Kt D 6.3 14.5 15.0 1o.o 11.7
-
--
NrS -ksl, L
- -
--
80.4 81.4 92.2
- - - -
Kt 13.00 ..
ksl, T 78.9 79.9 78.2 86.1 - - - -
NrS ksl, L -
- -- -
- - 82.2 - 94.8 - - - -
Kt 15.0
ksl, T - 76.1 - 90.0 - - - -
.
- .- -
NrS -
ksl, L
. i00.6 - 88.7 98.6 lli.2 i05.6
ksl, T - 85.7 - Si.i 92.0 95.6 96.a
LT
Marshall Space Fl lght Center
(a) All tests performed at -320F.
CODE 3212
PAGE 4
AIWT
MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
4.02 Mach1n!Dg aDd Gr!Dd!ng 4. 0332 Tensile properties ol bun-welded sheet aDd plate at RT,
4.021 Alloy 7039 1a readily machiDable. It 1a machined more Table 4. 0332. AI
easUy In the hardeued (beat treated) than In the annealed
colldltton. 4 Zn
2.8 Mg
TABLE 4.0332
Source l7l 0.25 Mn
Allov Al4Zn2, 8~0.20<X
Fn~m """"t paau: 0.20Cr
Condition
As Welded T64/XS039 As Welded T64/5183 ~~~9HT
Thickness - in o.so o. 75 1.25 0.50 0 75 25 0 75 7039
2 I 1 2 1 2 1 2 I 2 2
I
Weld Condition 1 2 1
Ftu. ksl . 49 so 49 . 45 51 46 46 41 58 54
. 50
30
52
34 30 32 29 . 26 ~0 27 26 24 48 45
F~
e( In)
ksl
percent . 11 12 11 10 11 . 9.5 12.5 10.5 8.5 8.0 !0 8
(I) Bead on
(2) Bead off
4.022 U possible, shearing and puoching operations should be 4.0333 Teuslle properties, notch strength and noteb strength
performed prior to solution heat treatment aDd aging. ratio of welded plate at RT, Table 4. 0333.
Sheared edges may shaw edge cracks If shearing opera
tlons are performed after artificial aging. TABLE 4 0333
4.023 Sawing, mUling or ether cunlngs operations do not cause ~ Thl. lXl
edge cracking except when made close to welds, (7). ~llrlv Al4Zn2. SM_A-0. 25MnO 20Cr
Form Plate
4.03 Welding Condition T64 (x 5ij I Flll...-1
4.031 Fusion weldabUity ol this alloy Is superior to that of Thickness In 0.375 n 7<n
ether heat treatable aluminum alloys. X 5039 or 5183 Fru- ksl 51 52
fUier metal Is recommended. Strong and ductUe welds ksl 29.5 32.5
depend considerably on thickness of the base plate. The Ftr
e( In) -~rcent 14 8
ductility ol the welds decreases rapidly with Increasing NTS (Kt 6. 3) ksl 58 00
plate thickness. Th1a Is particularly notlcable when N'TS/UN'TS 1.13 1.16
fabricating welds under restraint and when making repair
welds, although there Is a superior crack resistance In Test after 30 days natural aging
restraint weldments In heavier plate thicknesses.
4.032 Alloy 7039 Increases rapidly In streugth after 30 days'
natural aging at room temperature, after which further
strengthening can be observed at a slower rate. This
4.0334 Tensile properties ol welded sheet and plate In T64 and
T61 Colldltlon at 320F, Table 4.0334.
rate can be considerably Increased by aging at higher
temperatures. Further Improvement can be achieved
by postweld solution heat treatment and aging, (7). (see TABLE 4 0334
also section 1.05). A tensUe strength ol about 48 to SO Source (3 c
ksl after 30 day's ol natural aging can be obtained Alloy Al4Zn2. 8M~rO. 25MnO. 20Cr
unlformly In plate thicknesses up to 1. 25 Inch. About Form Sheet Plate
the same tensUe properties can be obtained for thick Condition T64 T6
nesses up to 2. 00 Inches If careful attention Is given Thickness In 0.1~ 0.375 b 0. 75fb 0 75!b
to design detaUs. MIG 5!83 MIG 503
Ftu ksl 56.7 62.8 64.7 58.3
4.033 TensUe properties of welded sheet and plate.
Ft~ ksl 43.4 36.8 40.4 36.1
4.0331 Tensile and notch properties of welded sheet and plate . . .
e( In) percent 3.8
at RT, Table 4. 0331. e(4D) -percent . 10.0 6.7 6.9
Kt 6.3
TABLE 4 0331 N'TS ksl 63.0 59.5 63.6 .
I Sourc~ 3 Kt !5.0
Allov Al4Zn2 8MllO 25MnO. 20Cr N'TS -ksl . . . 54.2
Form Sheet Plate
Te01n F R' (a) Bead on
Condition T64 T61 (b) Bead elf
Thickness In 0. 25 Ia I o.37Sib\ 0. 75 (c) All tests performed at 320F.
Weld method l!o rod Mir.~IR~ MIG 5039
Fru ksl 53.2 51.1 51.7 51.8 4.034 SN curves for complex welded joints ol alloy at room
ksl 34.8 29.4 32.3 31. I
Ftr
e( In), -percent 7.0 . . . and law temperatures, Fig. 4. 034.
e(4D) -percent . 14.0 8.2 9.3
4.035 Effect ol elevated temperature on approltimate aging
time for 48 ksl weld strength, Fig. 4. 035.
Kt 6.3
N'TS ksl 58.7 57.9 59.9 . 4.036 Effect ell ow temperature on cross-tension shear strength
of spot welded sheet, Fig. 4. 036.
Kr = 15.0
N'TS ksl . . . 52. I
4.037
4.0371
Weld notch atreugth
Effect of low temperature on teusUe properties ol alloy,
Pig. 4. 0371.
(a) Bead on 4.0372 Effect ollaw tumperature on notched aDd unnotehed welded
(b) Bead off
plate naturally aged, Fig. 4. 0372.
4.0373 Effect of l~w temperature on tensile lmpacr properties
of as-welded and notched, unnotehed plate after natural
aging, Fig. 4. 0373,
CODE 3212
PAGE 5
,.....,, .-.-I
NONFERROUS AL LO YS
MAR CH 196 6
23.2
T641XS039 a
I
notched 34.7
---
6 3.6
e, (21n) -perc ent 8.1 ......
7.5
Note: See also 3. OS If OF
(a) Teste d In as-we lded condition
(b) Tran svers e speci men after IS days ' natur al agfrw
10
HOLD AT 0 AND 32F
4.04 Heat Treat ment TESTED AT RT
4.05 0 I I
Surfa ce Treat ment 0
4,051 Anodic flnlsh es may be readi ly 24 7248
appli 96
ed to thia alloy , (7),
NATURAL AGIN::l TIM E- DAYS
FIG. 3, 0214 EFFE CT OF STOR
AGE TEMPERATURE
300 AND AGING ON YIELD STRE N31l
~A~I~-4~Z~n~-2~.~8~M~g-0'~.~2;~M~n--~.2~0~C-r~ ALLOY
i OF
0. 500 IN PLATE (7, p. 29)
CON DT64 ,L
60 FTu
lil 40
:.:
I~ lil
:.:
20
v FTY
~
u
~
Ill
u e(2 IN)
~ 0 "'
Ill
"' 0
0 24
48 72 -400 -200
96 0 100
NATURAL AGE - DAYS TEM P- F
FIG. 3.021 3 EFFE:CT OF AGIN FIG. 3.031 3 EFFE CT OF LOW TEMPERA
G TIME ON
TENSILE PROPE:RTIES OF ALLO TURE ON LON::llTUOlNAL AND
Y
(7, p. 24) TRANSVERSE TENSILE PROP
ERTIES OF PLATE (3, Fig. 5)
CODE 3212
PAGE - 6
AIWT
MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
~ 0
0
""-
I
'""''
TBSTBD AT RT,
1'--...
.......... ~'
!'...
~ '
"
TESTED AT TEMP
',,,.
0
EX~SURE 0.~ HR
"'"
-400 -200 0 200 400 600
TEMP F
FIG. 3. 0315 EFFECT OF LOW AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE 100 j.2!:!.5f:c!.L.l:!:!!!.!f.:....!.!!!!...-+----,,....ll--~----l
ON TENSILE STREN::lTii OF ALLOY (7, p. 32)
60
AI4.Zn BMg-0. 25MnO. 201 r
I
Pro 55 0F I
40
,.. 775F
--.I
20 1-
RECRYSTALL
AO\Ij
I
PARTIAL I
.,
Ill 95-100\lj
100\lj
I
I
0
0 10 20 30 40
COLD WORK PERCENT -400 -300 -.200 100
PIG. 3.0316 EFFECT OF COLD WORK AND PERCENT TEMP-P
RECRYSTALLIZATION ON TENSILE PIG. 3.0318 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON LON::liTUDINAL
PROPERTIES OP ALLOY AT 550 AND AND TRANSVERSE TENSILE PROPERTI!lS OF SHEET
775P (7. p. 23) AND PLATE (10)
CODE 3212
PAGE 7
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
80
AI AI4Zn2. 8llilgO. 25M n-O. 20Cr
0. 125 IN SHEET
4 Zn CONDT64
0
2.8 Mg .
0.25Mn
0.20Cr ~ 40
~ --- Fsu
7039 20
--T
---L
0 0 " 8 6~0-----6~2----~64~----ML-----~68-----7~0~--__J72
400 200 0 200
TEMP F KSI ATRT
FIG. 3,0351 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPER FIG. 3.03712 RELATION BETWEEN TENSILE STREN:JTH AND
ATURE ON SHEAR TENSILE NOTCH STRI!N:lTH RATIO AT ROOM TEMPERA
PROPERTII!S OF SHEET
(8, A.15.p)
-
TURE AND 320F FOR PLATE (3, Fig. 4)
!Le~
'\6rf r
~
f,tax dla f,!Indla !Max dla
L' A B r Kt Thread slzo
3 0.505 0.750 0,005 63 3/4 - 10
1 -3/4 0.357 0.518 0,0035 6-3 5/8 - 1
1 - 3/4 0.357 0,478 0.0005 15.0 5/8 - 1
2 0.250 0,375 0.0025 6, 7/16- 14
5/8 0,125 0.191 0.0013 6.3 l/4 -20
Neuber
Al4Zn2,8Mg0,25Mn 0,20Cr
0 1.1
-- SHEET
I=
<
r:"'
RT"""V
-
-
.
T
-----
- ..b
1.0
~
til -3_:o_i r----:-
~ ... 1-;-;;t:::--
:c
!:!
0.9 r-.---- 160
Al4Zn2. 8MgO. 25MnO, 20Cr
0. 063 IN Sli EET
COND T64
~ K1 a 6,3
120
0.8 eK a6.3
1
FIG. 3, 03711
60 62 64
KSI AT RT
66 68
~ 80
.. a
u
OK a 6.5
1
0,503 DIA
NOTCH lREN:Jn
0
-400 -200 0 200
TEMP F
FIG. 3.03713 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERA
TURE ON NOTCH TENSILE
Flat Specimen, K1 6, 3 STREN:lTH OF SHEET
(6, p. 62, 63)
CODE 3212
PAGE 8
-----------
AIWT
MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
120 80 1.2
AI4Zn2. 8MgO. 2SMnO. 20Cr AI Zn2.8Mg0.2SMn0.20Cr AI
PLATE 0.063 IN SHEET
COND T61, T64 COND T64 4 Zn
60 1.1 !2
1-
<
2.8 Mg
i="'20.25 Mn
~
40 1.0
Ill
020Cr
u;
c ~
"' 20 0.9 ~ 7039
0
0
TEMP F
-400 -200 0
FIG. 3.03722 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERA
TEMP F TURE ON FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
FIG. 3.03714 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERA AND NOTCH STREOOTH RATIO OF
TURE ON NOTCH STREI'r.TH SHEET (6, p. 62, 63)
AND NOTCH STRE~TH RATIO
OF PLATE (7, 1bl. Xlll)
80
AI4Zn2. 8MgO. 25MnO. 20Cr
e 1. 43 IN PLATE, COND T64
0. 750 IN PLATE, COND T61
AI-4Zn2. 8Mgt 25MnOj 20Cr
COI'i) T64 60~----~-----+----~r-----+-----4
u; 120
t~~jr
"'
]""
80 _L-
2
40
~ - -- ........
ROTATI~BEAM
0
300 100 100 300 500
TEMPF NUMBER OF CYCLES
FIG. 3.03715 EFFECT OF LOW AND ELEVATED FIG. 3.051 SN CURVES FOR ALLOY IN CONDITION T61
TEMPERATURE ON.NET FRACTURE ANDT64 (7, p. 25)
STRESS OF SHEET (9, p. 17)
40
\ fONDTI>O
~ ~ .... __ ROTBJM
20
- - FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
- - NET STRESS (o'N KSO
---
4
0.75 IN
1.41N
CODE 3212
PAGE 9
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1966
12
80r-----~----~--------,
AI A1-4Zn-2. 8Mg-O. 25M n-O. 20Cr
A14Zn2. 8MgO. 25M n-O. 20Cr
0.063 IN SHEET
4 Zn COND T64 I PLA1E
COND To I, T64
II
2.8 Mg 60 1---+-+ X 5039 WELD FILLER
u; e L 48 KSI
:.0: 0 T
0.25 Mn WELD STRE!I(;TH
0.20 Cr ~ 10 tzl
~ 40
'~ ~
10
9
400 -200 0 200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
AT LOW TEMPERATURil
(8, A.IS.I)
80 20
AI-4Zn-2. 8MgO. 25Mn-O. 20C
I COND- T64
AI-4Zn 2. 8MgO. 25Mn -0. 20Cr
0.063 IN SHEET
CONDT64
'6
4 1:>
RT
320F
423F
IS 1-\VG OF 20 T~PTS
_...... --......
_.__./ ' Fsu
5
COMPLEX WELDED JOINTS
AVG OF APPROX STEST
POINTS
0 -400 -200 0 200
NUMBilR OF CYCLES TEMP F
FIG. 4.034 SN CURVES FOR COMPLEX FIG. 4.036 EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE
WELDED JOINTS OF ALLOY ON CROSS-TENSION SHEAR STRE!I(;TH
AT ROOM AND LOW TEMPERATURE OF SPOT WELDED SHEET
(6, p. 86, 87} (6, p. 74, 75}
CODE 3212
PAGE 10
MARCH 1966 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWT
\ __
..... / ;
100
~I-4Zn-2.8Mg-0.25Mi0.20Cr AI
PLATE
CONDT64
80 T
4 Zn
80
--1.751N 2.8 Mg
-1.501N
..............
~ 60 ............ r-.......... 0.25 Mn
1- 60
......
"" .......... !'-...
........
0.20 Cr
IE
~ (UNNOTCHED)
20 7039
IE K1 ~ 6.3
(NOTCHED)
0
!z 20
e(2 IN)
IJ.l
u
;: ll!"' 0
~
~----:==~;:;;::b-~60 e 400 -2())
TEMI' F
0 200
REFERENCES
CODE 3212
1. GENERAL
The 26111 aluminum alloy is a wrought alloy which re- AI
sponds to an age-hardening heat tre!lcment. This
alloy, originally develo{led for fc..:-,Png appllcations, 2.5 Cu
bas been llfled primarily In this form In the aircraft
Industry. It exhlblts medium strength and ductillty, 1.5 MQ
fair resistance to general corrosion, and bas good
elevated temperature properties. Optimum compo- 1.2 Ni
sition and heat treailng methods promote a higb
resistance to l.ntsrcrystaliine corrosion. Tbe form- 1.0 Fe
ablllty and machinability of tbe alloy are good,
Room temperature strength of this alloy is better than 0.2 Si
2014-T6 but sllghUy lower than 7075-TG. 0.1 Ti
Th" 2618 alloy Is presently used for large nircraft
engine components and compressor blades. It is being
considered for structural appllcatlons In supersonic 2618
aircraft as forged gas-tutblne engine impellers,
spacer rings, pistons and structural forgings. This
alloy is available In wrought forms (1)(2)(8)(15).
1. 01 Commercial Designation
AI 2618
1. 02 Alternate Designations
Hidumlnium RR, 58 (British)
AU2GN (French)
1. 03 Specifications
1. 031 Foreign, British Aircraft DTD 5070A
1.032 AMS and Federal Specifications, Table 1.032,
1.06
'ABLE 1.032
AMS Form Federal 1. 07 Forms and Conditions Available
4132A Die forgings , rolled rings, QQ-A-367 1. 071 This alloy has been available In the past In all wrought
hand forgings, and forging forms, such as clad and unclad sheet, plates,
stock !Condition T61l extrusions, and forgings (2)(8). Current producer
production Is gene!'ally Umitsd to forging forms (1)(4),
CODE ~?I~
NONFE RROUS ALLOY S REVISE D: MARCH 1969
TABLE 3.012
Source (5)
Allov Al-2. 5Cu-1. 5Mg-1. 2Ni-1. OFe-o. 2Si-0.1Ti
Condition T61
Form Hand Forgings Rolled Rings
~ 16 square inch section ~ 2 1/2 inch radial thickness
Direction L LT ST Tangential Axial
~J
Ftu (miD)- Ksi 58 55 52 55
Fty (miD)- Ksi 45 42 42 41 41
e(4D) (miD) Percent 7 5 4 6 5
Source
.
TABLE 3 0212
3.0213 Effect of exposure time and temperatu re on room
temperatu re tensile properties of forged bar,
(2) Figure :1.0213.
AI-2.5Cu- 1.5Mg-1. 2Ni- 3.02:14 Effect of elevated temperatu re expooure and exposure
Alley 1. OFe-O. 2Si..0,1Ti time on tensUe properties of forging, Figure 3. 0214.
3.~.22 Compressi on.
Form Clad Sheet 3.0221 Stress-str ain curve for clad sheet In compressi on,
Figure 3, 0221.
CR+ 977 to 995F, 1 Hr, WQ (Cold),
Condition 3.0222 Compressi ve properties of clad sheet, Tshle 3.0222.
flattened + 392F 20 Hr
Direction T L
TABLE 3 0222
Ftu' -ksi 57.5 58.0
Fty, Source (2)
(0.1 percent)-k si 49.0 50.5 Al-2. SCu-1.5M g-1,2Nl
e (2 ~-percent 6.0 7.0 Alloy 1. OF e-o. 2Si..0.1Tl
E, 10 ksi 10.5 10.5
Form Clad Sheet
CR + 986F, 1 Hr, WQ (Cold):
Condition Flattened + 392F 20 Hr
Direction T L
Fey,
(0. 1 percmt) ksi 52.0 51.0
(0.3 percent) ksi 53.5 53.0
E0 , 103 X ksi 10.5 10.5
3.023 Impact. 3.0322 Effect of elevated temperatJ.1re on average compressive
3.024 Bending. yield properties of se\'Sral forgings, Figure 3.0322. AI
3.025 Torsion and shear. 3.0323 Effect of elevated temperature and exposure time on
3. 0251 Effect of thiclmess and heat treatment on shear stress compressive yield properties of forgings, 2.5 Cu
of forged bar, Figure 3.0251. Figure 3. 0323.
3.0252 Effect of thiclmess and heat treatment on shear stress 3.033 Impact. 1.5 MQ
of forged bar, Figure 3.0252. 3.034 Bending.
3.026 Bearing, see 3.036. 3.035 Torsion and shear. 1.2 Ni
3.027 Stress concentration. 3.0351 Effect of elevated temperature on average shear
3.0271 Notch properties. strength of several forgings, Figure 3.0351. 1.0 Fe
3.02711 Effect of specimen cross section location on sharp 3.036 Bearing.
notch strength ratio of forged alloy, Figure 3.02711. 3.0361 Effect o! elevated temperature on average bearing ,0.2 Si
3.02712 Typical notch strength properties of alloy plate, properties of several forgings, Figure 3. 0361. 0.1 Ti
Table 3. 02712. 3.037 Stress concentration.
3.0371 Notch properties.
TABLE 3.02712 3.03711 Crack strength of clad sheet at -110, 80 and 250F 2618
Source (18) for various crack lengths, Figure 3. 03711.
3.03712 Elevated temperature sharp notch strength ratio of
Alloy f'\12. 5Cu-1. 5Mg-1. 2Ni-1. OFe-0. 2Si -o.1Ti forging for varinus cross-aection locations,
Form Plate Figure 3.03712.
Nominal Thtclmess 1.356 3.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.038 Combined properties.
Condition 2618-T651
Direction L T 3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties
3.041 Creep curves for clad sheet at elevated temperature,
Ftu - Ksi 62.4 61.1 Figure 3. 041.
Fty - Ksi 57.6 54.6 3.042 Creep and creep rupture curves for rod at elevated
Notch Strength 81.2 83.2 temperatures, Figure 3.042.
3.043 Creep and creep rupture curves for bar at 400 and
~60>1
600F, Figure 3. 043.
3.044 Creep and creep rupture curves for forged bar at
j_
elevated temperatures, Figure 3.044.
-+- l'l't-'-
LJd..---.r-
'1.. .500 Dia
)_
l)
L ,353 Dia
3.045 Creep and creep rupture curves for forging at
elevated temperatures, Figure 3.045.
AI "
4.01
FABRICATION
Al-2.5Cu-1.5 Mg-1.2Nl-1.0 Fe-
FormabUltx 14 0.2B1-G.1TI
2.5 Cu 4.011 The alloy baa good formabUlty.
4.012 Hot forging. 970F !IJld tileD forge within the temperature
1.5 Mv l'llllge of 970 to 900F down to 660F.
4.013 Cold work. All cold work llhould be doDe fn the 8DD8aled
1.2 Ni or solution treated condltfon (2).
1.0 Fe 4.02 MaoMntng
4.021 The macldnabUlty of this alloy 18 good and beat results
0.2 Si are obtained fn tbe fully aged condltlou. Care lllll8t be
0.1 Ti taken if tbe alloy te macbfned In the quencbad or
annealed condition. Boollll8e of ita softneas fn this
condition it baa a tendenc:;- to bulld up on tbe cutting
2618 edges. High oaxbon steel tooia are recommended at low
speeda and give a sat1afaotory reaul~, wblle high speed
steel sbould be used for large soale operations (2). FROM ROOM TEMPERATUR E
4.022 For continuous cute, free from vfbratl.ons, BlDgle point TO TEMPERATUR E INDICATED
10~----~----~----~----~
turnf.Dg tools of plain bigh carbon or b1gh speed steel
sbould be ground to: 0 200 400 600 800
35 to 80 degree TEMP -F
cutting angle,
30 to 53 degree top rake, FIG. 2. 014 THERMAL EXPANSION (2)(7)
7 to 10 degree front clearance,
10 to 20 degree aids rake,
7 to 10 degree side clearance.
4. 06 Surface Treatment
0 20
~
1&1
li$
lol
0 p.,
~ 20
1&1
f;l
1&1
p.,
0
0 200 400 600 BOO
EXPOSURE TEMP - F
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TIME AND
TEMPERATU RE ON ROOM TEMPER-
ATURE TEnmLE PROPERTIES OF
FORGED BAR. (13)
~I WW I
20
10
0
G 0.012
30 STRAIN -IN PER IN
TIME AT
EXPOSURE SPECIMEN TAKEN FROM FIG. 3. 0221 STREBS-STRAIN CURVE FOR
TEMPERATURE SURFACE MlD-TmCKNEBS CLAD SHEET IN COMPRESSION
L LT L (7 ,p.55)
10HR
100HR
... (J 0
6
1000 HR
[I 0
oL-----L---~~--~~--~~--~
200 300 400
2618
e 680F, 2 HR, COO:L
AT 18F/HR (ANNEAL)
14 it. 716F,
4 HR TO 680F, 18HR
18F/HR TO 482F, FC
TO 392F IN 12 HRS.
(SUPER ANNEAL)
12
0 2 3 4 TENSION
D/t
FIG. 3,0252 EFFECT OF THICKNESS AND HEAT T
TREATME NT ON SHEAR STRESS OF
FORGED BAR (7, p. 21, 22) 0.004 0.008 0.012
STRAIN - IN PER IN
30
Iii
~ 20 1------ fl-,f--- --1---- -+----- 1-----l
TENSION
0~-~J.:.::---~~--.l..----l-----J
0 .002 .004 .006 .008 .010
Al-2.5Cu-1.5Mg-1.2Nl- AI
1. OFe-0. 2Sl-0.1Tl
Al-2. 5Cu-1, 5Mg-1. 2NI-1. OFe-
2.5 Cu
CLAD SHEET 80
ST 986F, 1 HR, WQ
0.2SI-0.1Tl I .5 MQ
CLAD SHEET
FLATTENED+ AGE
392 F, 20 HR
f2 60
... FTU CONDITION T61
80
1.2 Ni
1.0 Fe
~~- 0.2 Si
FTY
f2 0.1 Ti
--
40 60
.._ I r-
......._
0. 2 PERC,ENT
FTY
0. 1 PERCENT -V '-" -.;:: t 2618
EXPOSURE TIME
f- 40
20 T-L AT TEST TEMP-F
1HR
I
10HRS
1000 HR EXPOSURE
0 30,000 HR EXPOSURE
..
0
e( 2 IN) ~ It-
t)-
60
FTY
1.2
1.0
Ni
Fe ~ 60 - FTU
1--+--f~~.J--=:,--l----150 !2
0.2
0.1
Si
Ti 40
0.2 PERCEN T'
- l ~
FTY
\ 60 601--- -1-
I
~"-,
2618 0.1:-:k"E NT _/ i7
40 !2 f2 5or---~~--7P~~+-----~--~3o
~
...
---
r..
-... e (4D)
20
020~0~--~----~~----
J------L-----J
300 400
Al-2. 6Cu-1.5M r1 2Nl-1. rFe-G.2S lj.1Tl TEST AND EXPOSURE TEMP-F
HAND FORGED BU.LETS FIG. 3,03142 EFFECT OF ELEVATE D TEST TEMPERA TURE
701--- -1--- 3 X 6 1/2, 4 X 8 AND 8 x 11 INCH
AND EXPOSURE TIME ON TENSILE
T61COND mON PROPERT IES OF FORGINGS. (17)
4 0r-----;---~A~VE=RA~G~E~O~F~T
~HRE~~E~T~E~S~TS~--~ !2 60 -- ~
L FROM SURFACE, QUARTER,
- ....._,
~
ST AND 1\UD-TIDCKm:SS PER ....
20 1-----4---~B~U.=L~E=T~A~T~E=AC~H~TE~MP~E:R~=ATURE~~ 40 ~
~
FTY
20 AVERAGE OF 3 TESTS
~ 40
~
l&l
RA
~
l&l
"' 0
- -- e(liU'i)
..-4
~v
40
FTY_/
0
20 0 200 400 600 800
:~ ~
TEMP-F
:.~.ifJ. 3.03151 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATUR ES
v
120 0 AND EXPOSURE TIME ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BAR. (13)
80
- -
~!2
--
IN)
!-'
J
-
v 50
3X 6 1/2, 4 " 8 AND 8 x lliNCH
T61CONDm ON
---;------t---~~~~325F
RT
I
0 I
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 400F
TEMP-F
FIG. 3.03144 TYPICAL TENSILE PROPERTIES OF FORGING AT VARIOUS
TEMPERATUR ES (4)
~ 30
0 L-----~----~------~----~----~
0 .002 .004 .006 .008
STRAIN (IN/lN)
70 130
Al-2, 5Cu-l. 5Mg-l. 2N1-l. OFe-D. 2S1-0.lT1
- r---..
AI Al-2. 5Cu-l,5Mg-1, 2NI-1, OFe-D. 2SI-0.1TI
2.5 Cu
HAND FORGED BU..LETS
3 X 6 1/2, 4 X 8 AND 8 X 11JNCH
...
- HAND FORGED BILLETS
3 X 6 1/2, 4 X 8
T 61 CONDITION
60 120 AND 8 x lliNCH-
I .5 MQ
"'
I
FBU ~61CONDmON
Fey
1.2 Ni 1- f - - r--i_- ~ 110
1.0 Fe 0
....... ~
0.2 Si
0.1 Ti 4or- L
ST
AVERAGE OF THREE
OR MORE TESTS
PER TEMPERATURE
~
j
100
e/D=2,0
\
AVERAGE OF THREE OR MORE
2618
30 I I I 90
... -.....
'l'ESTS PER TEMPERA'l1JRE
FIG. 3.0322
100 20C
TEMP -F
300
80
FBY
.........
-.-,
"
AVERAGE COMPRESSIVE YIELD PROPERTIES
OF SEVERAL FOP..GINGS. (17)
'\
0
50
Al-2,5Cu-1, 5Mg-1, 2Ni-l. OFe-o. 2S1-D,lT1 ; GO Al-2,5Cu-1.5Mg-o, 2NI-1.0Fe-0,2SI-0.1TI
HAND FORGED BILLETS
3 x 6 1/2, 4 x 8 AND 8 X 11 INCH
T 61 CONDmON
AvtRAGE OF TL~U:E OR MORE
..... ~STS PER TEMPERA'l1JRE
~ 40
Fsu ~
~
A
-109F
BOF
30
0 100 200 300 400 500
TEMP-F 2a
FIG. 3.0351 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERA'l1JRE ON FIG, 3,03711 CRACK STRENGTH OF CLAD SIIEET AT
AVERAGE SHEAR STRENGTH OF SEVERAL -109, 80 AND 250F FOR VARIOUS CRACK
FORGINGS. (17) T.t:'l\rr.Tncz
AIWT
REVISED: MARCH 1969 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
1.0
Lfj" .001 MAX R
SURFACE
MID-TlUCKNESS
L
0
L'r
6.
40
0 00~
!PERCENT }
6, 0.5 PERCENT
r=::--~ b.
CREEP
- ~
~OOF
1.2 Ni
1.0 Fe
0.2 Si
4 20
0 0.2 PERCENT 0.1 Ti
"V 0.1 PERCENT
I ..,
I 6 2618
~!"-__.., "t~~
.9
,L~ 4
........
',''r ~
'"%
'I~
.a
.7
0
01 2
10 100
l'sooF
1000
.6
6. lt FIG. 3.042
TIME -HOUR
CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES FOR ROD
AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE (13)
5
0 100 200 300 400 500
TEST TEMP -F
FIG. 3.03712 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SHARP
NOTCH STRENGTH RATIO OF FORGING FOR
VARIOUS CROSS-sECTION LOCATIONS.
(17)
1- Al-2.5Cu-1.5Mg -1.2Nl-1.0Fc- -
1- 0.2Sl-0.1Tl -
100 1-
80
O. 064 CLAD SHEET - 60
Al-2.5Cu-1.5Mg -1. 2Nl-1. 0Fe-D.2Si-D.1Tl
1 INC!! BAR
60 CONDITION T61
~
4!' 40
I ~ ~ ........
30
~
.........
j'. ~~~
"'~ "'[\
400F--..,
20 20
~
~
10 10 h
'\
8 \ 8 ~ .......~
\ ~ ~~
6 \ 6 1'-. - ......"~ ~
' '"~"
............ l
r- 200F
4 f-
250F
300F 4 ... RUPTURE
' '_,"'~ ~
~OOF
'l
f- ST'lESS TO PRODUCE 0.1 6, 0.5 PERCENT
-
0 0.2 PERCENT CREEP
PERCENT PLASTIC iTRAIN V 0.1 PERCENT! )
2 I I 2
10 100 1000 10000 100000
10 100 1000
TIME- HOUR
TIME- HOUR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP CURVES FOR CLAD SHEET FIG. 3.043 CREEP AND CREF.:P RrTPTITRF. PRnP~o-RTTlO'Q l;"t\u
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS REVISED: MARCH IH9
AI
2.5 Cu
1.5 MQ
1.2 Ni
1.0 Fe
0.2 Si
0.1 Ti
2618
100
90 t---- Al~2.sCu1.5Mg1.2Nl-~.OFe...0.2SHI.1Tl - 1--
80 1---- 1 INCH DIAMETER FORGED BAR
70 t - - 988F, 20 HR, BWQ + 392F, 20 HR
-- 1--
r--
60
50 --
40 --- ---='":l! 212F
30 ::::::-;:;-
--......:::
- ~ 302F
~ --; ....
20
r---...... ~ r-......,
;..~ 392F
(~ ':~ ~p~ . . . . .
~ ~:~
~ ~ ........! 482F
10 ....... ......
9 -
8 :::--.. 1'.
.........::::-;:...........
~ 7 ~ !:'-..
6
5 ~~ ~......,_
4 c"'''"-...
""'"~"\
.......
..., 572F
3
f,l~
2
~~~ 1'-.....4 ~
"' l
" ~ '-~ ~~
'"
................
1'-..'"1 ~ 662F
1
.9 1 - -
.8 1 - -
...0 RUPTURE
.1PERCENT
' '.........
.7 1 - -
.6 1 - -
1::.
[J
.2 PERCENT ~ CREEP
.5 PERCENT J
'
.5 '\
.4
1 10 100 1000 10,000
TIME -HOUR
FlG. 3.044 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES FOR FORGED BAR. (16)
REVISED: MARCH 1111
AIWT
NONFERROUS ALLOYS
,j
\.,..1
Al-2.5C u-1.5M g-1. 2N1-1. OFe-o. 2Si-o.1T 1
70
HAND FORGED BU.LET S
AI
3 X 6 1/2, 4 x 8 AND 8 x 11INCH 2.5 Cu
T 61 CONDri'ION
1.5 MQ
1.2 Ni
1.0 Fe
0.2 Si
0.1 Ti
2618
TEMP- F CREEP
RUPTU RE
250
325
400
- - - - - - 1 PERCEN T
CREEP
10L----L~~---L-~---L
--~----~--~~
.1 10 100 1000
TIME-HOUR
FIG. 3.045 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES
FOR FORGING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES.
(17)
T I I !
Al-2. SCu-1. 5Mg-1. 2N1-1. OFe-o. 2St-o.1 TI
I I
AXIAL LOAD
........ R = 0.05
-
- ... -
~-- A a 0.9
Kt 1 =
1-
""' ~ 1-
.._
r-"'--
1.11
MID-THICKNESS, L
~1'\.
Bll.LET SIZE ...,
3 X 6 1/2
4x8
1-
- 1...... . 8 X 11
-
II _..
40
3/8-
"
F
-- ~I~'
~
- -
-- ~
--
~
~ It--
- ....
30
l:L_c~ I 21/2 1
........... t-.
~
AI
Al-2. 5Cu-1.5Mp;-1.2N l-1. OFe-o. 2Sl-o.1Tl
2.5 Cu
60 ... 2,,. HAND FORGED BILLETS
I .5 Mg T61CONDITION
-
I
.1.2 Ni AXIAL LOAD
1.0 Fe _.._. 1.&. R = 0.05
A=0.9
~
Kt= 1
0.2 Si
0.1
2618
Ti
"~
"' 1- ............ - I
MID-TIDCKNESS ,LT
e
BILLET SIZE
3x61/2
1-
.. - "'
4x8
Bx 11
40 r
~ .
"~ !~
SEE FIGURE 3.0531
1- FOR SPECIMEN GEOMETRY
"""' ~
- - ~
r-
I I J I
105
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.0532 AXIAL LOAD FATIGUE STRENGTH FOR SMOOTH
LONG-TRANSVE RSE SPECIMENS FROM SE~ERAL FORGED
BILLETS. (17)
MID-TIUCKNES S, LT
BILLET SIZE
e3x61/2
,~ ~.X 8
6 X 11
. \J;A '
15
105
CYCLES TO FAILURE
-, - - - .,..._''""'"~ ~v~ '"vnr ~nnvu;:, '"'LLV T ~
50
45 \\ l.a
~
Al-2. 5Cu-1. 5Mg-1. 2N1-l. OFe-o. 2S1-Q.1T1
HAND FORGED Bll.LETS
T 61 CONDITION
AXIAL LOAD
- 2.5
I .5
AI
Cu
M9
R = 0.05
1.2 Ni
40 1\-- A= 0.9
-
\r- Kt= 2.4 1.0 Fe
~ 35 ~ .. MID-THICKNESS, LT
-
0.2 Si
0.1 Ti
~
I
"'
~ 30 f--
\_ ..
BILLET SIZE
3 X 6 1/2
4x8
8 X ll
-
2618
L f--
\ - ....
I~
20 1-
15 1-
SEE FIGURE 3. 0533 FOR
SPECIMEN GEOMETRY "--~ .
r-..... r--_
A
....
~
10 I I I I I I
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3,0534 AXIAL LOAD FATIGUE STRENGTH FOR NOTCHED
LONG-TRANSVERSE SPECIMENS FROM SEVERAL
FORGED Bll.LETS. (17)
eKt=l.O
Kt=2.4
R =-1.0
ROTATING BEAM
A= oo
MID-TffiCKNESS ,L
10
2.4
10 5
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3, 0535 ROTATING BEAM FATIGUE STRENGTH FOR SMOOTH
AND NOTCHED LONGITUDINAL SPECIMENS FROM
FORGED BILLETS. (17)
AI
Al-2.5 Cu-1,5 .Mg-1. 2Nl-l.O Fe-G.2 Sl-G,lT I
2.5 Cu
4 :c 8 IN HAND FORGED BILLE T
I .5 Mg T61CO NDmO N
1.2 Ni R=-1 .0
ROTATING BEAM
1.0 Fe A= oo
0.2 Si Kt= 1
Kt = 2.4
0.1 Ti
2618
SURFACE ,L
CYCLES TO FAIW RE
FIG. 3,0536 ROTATING BEAM FATIGUE STRENGTH FOR
SMOOTH AND NOTCHED LONGITUDINAL SPECIM
ENS
FROM FORGED BILLE T. (17)
I
AI- 2.5Cu - 1.5111 g-1.2N I- 1.0Fe - 0.281- 0.1TI
-
~= 2.4
' .., ~~ f--
-
~ ~ !''-.
'- ~ ""--. SURFA CE, L
-
~ ~
20
SEE FIGIJ"RE 3,0535 FOR
SPECIMEN GEOMETRY
~ -~ 1'-1'-.
~ ............
1'--r---
-
10 !'-....
--- -..
~
I I I
3 4
10 10 5 7
10 10
8
10
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.0537 ROTATING BEAM FATIGUE STRENGTH FOR
SMOOTH AND NOTCHED LONGITUDINAL SPECIM
ENS
FROM FORGED BILLE T TESTED AT
250F. (17)
CODE 3213
PAGE 16
Al-2.5Cu-1.5 Mg-1.2NI-1.0 Fe-o,2S1-o.1T t
4 x 8 IN HAND FORGED BILLET
AI
T61CONDmO N 2.5 Cu
60
R = -1.0
- 1.5 MQ
ROTATING BEAM
50 I "'
-
A= oo
L2 Ni
!"- TEST TEMP 400 F 1.0 Fe
0
K ~- .. Kt=l.O
Kt = 2.4
-
0.2 Si
0.1 Ti
'-:
or-
I'\"-~ ""' ~ ........ SURFACE, L
2618
~f'-., ~ ~
2 or- - ~"' ...............
""""
SEE FIGURE 3. 0635 FOR
SPECIMEN GEOMETRY ~ I'--
lr ~ ~._
10
-
--....:... ~ ~
I I I
loS lui
CYCLES TO FAILURE
EXPOSURE 30 M1N
6 \ 0
oL-----2~0~0-----4~00------6~00-~--~8~0
AT TEST TEMP-F
9~----~----~----~----~--~
0 100 200 300 400 600
TEMP-F TEMP -F
FIG. 3.0621 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY A1' ROOM
AND ELEVATED TEMPERATU RE FOR FIG. 3.0622 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATU RE ON
FORGED BAR (7) MODULUS OF ELASTICITY lN COMPRESSION.
(14)
AI
2.5 Cu
1.5 Mg
1.2 Ni
1.0 Fe
0.2 Si
0.1 Ti
2618
REFERENCES
CODE ~?I~
MAt'CI,;N I~I:H
1. 01 Commercial Designation
X700S.
1. 02 Alternate Designation
None.
1.06 ~
1.03 Specllh:a~
None. 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
1.071 Sheet (0, F and T6 tempers).
1.04 Composition 1.072 Plate (0, F, T6 and T63 tempers).
Table 1.04. 1.073 Extrusions and tubing (0, T53, T6 and T63 tempers).
CODE 3214
PI\GE
AIW I
NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1967
2.03 Chemical Properties 3.0213 Effect or long time agtng at 250F on tenslle properti=:> or
AI 2.031 Geneo.al. In the aged tempers, the corrosion resistance
sheet, Fig. 3. 0213.
or X70051s comparable to that or 6061 and 5000 series or 3.0214 Effect of P.:;ing time at room temperature on tensile prop-
4.6 Zn aluminum alloys and Is superior to that of the 7000 series erties of sheet, Table 3. 0214.
alloys such as 70751"6 and 70791"6. Susceptlblllty to
1.4 Mg exfoliation has been observed In the F and In the W tem
0.5 Mn
pers only, and It Is recommended that the final product
should receive a thermal treatment during or after fabrl 'Snurc"
..
TABL" 3 0214
fi{Zl
cation to ellmln.lte this characteristic, (1)(2~. llimz_ X7COS
0.1 Zr 2.032 Preliminary studies Indicate that the corrosion resist
--"= 0. 063 Inch sheet
an"~ of brazed specimens, artificially aged afte~ brazing, I Corulltlon LHea.tedlll2!ll .ll1mln. 'r. ' ..... A RT
0.1 Cr Is good. Specimens naturally aged after brazing exhibit
'""''''''~
Ftu ksl Frv,ksl e 2 tn oercent
a slight reduction In conoslcn resistance. None 28 12 26
0.03Ti 2.033 X7005 Is anodic to the recommended brazing flllcr alloys 3 days 42 2i 22
and to most other aluminum alloys. Thus It ge.nerally
1 week 45 24 22
will preferentially corrode to protect the ruler metal and lmonth 49 27 21
X7005 the dissimilar metal to which It Is joined, when exposed 3 months 52 30 21
to environments conducive to galwnlc corrosion, (2). 6 months
2.034 54 32 21
Resistance to stress corrosion cracking or aged material to T63 52 44 13
Is good when alloy Is stressed up to 75 percent of Fty In
the longitudinal and transverse directions. Thick sections
stressed In the shorttransver se direction are susceptible 3.022 Compression
to stress corrosion cracking at stresses &IJ luw as 25 3.0221 Compressive yield strength, see Table 3. 012.
percent of Fry. (See alao Section 1. 09). Optimum 3.023 1m pact
strengths and stress corrosion crack resistance are ob.. 3.024 Bending.
tal ned by a thermal treatment resulting In the T53 or
Cold bend tests have Indicated that the bend properues of
T63 temper.
plate and sheet In the T63 temper are slmlhr to 60611"6
2.035 Preliminary studies on butt-welded T6 an,J T63 sheet and b<.'lld properties.
plate Indicate that little problem with stress corrosion 3.0241 Suggested bend radii for plate and sheet In 0 a11d T63
cracking Is erpected In these joints. In good electro- tempers, Table 3.0241.
lytEs such as sea water. however, severe selective
attack may occur In the heat affected :z:one adjacent to the
weld. This can be avoided by postweld aging joints,
"hlch arc welded In the W oc T63 tenper, using the T63
Hging practice. I.Bource_
.
TABLE 3 0241
I
~llav X7005
2.04 Nu.,lear Prope>Uos
LFurm Plate. sheet
I r.ondltlmt 0 T63
3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES I "Jblckness - In Approx. radii for 90" cold bend
3.01 Specl!lcd Mechanical Properties 0.064 I/2- 1 l/2t l-2t
3.011 AMS Spectrlcatlons. 0.!25 1- I l/2t 1 1/2-2 l/2t
None. 0.187 1- 2t 2-.lt
3.012 Producer's tentative typical and erpected minimum de 0.250 1- 2t 2 1/2-3 l/2t
sign properties nl sheet, plate and extrusions, Table 0.375 2- 3t 3-4t
3.012. 0.500 2- 3t 3-4t
TABLE 3.012
Snurcf' Alcoa (l)
Allov X7005
l'nrm
l'"nn~lolnn u T53 "' T6 IT63.T635J _T6
Sheet. elate
_T63. T635: T53
Thlr.nP"" In
-rvo1cat < ~ 0.250-3.00 -
Minimum Minimum
Ftu -ksl, L 28 60 54 54 47 47 50
T 28 60 54 54 47 47 46
Fty -ksl, L 12 53 46 46 38 38 44
T 12 53 46 46 38 38 40
Fey ksl L - -- . - 39
Fsu -ksl
T -17 32
-
32
-
32
39
29
38
40
42
42
27 27
Fbru -ksl
e/0 = 1.5
e/0 2.0
-
- - -
- -- 70
91
70 70
91 90
Fbry -ksl
-- - -
e/0 1.5 53 53 57
e/0 2.0
e(2 In or 40) -percent 20
-IS -
12
-
12
61
7
61 70
7 10
COOl! 3214
Pf.GI~ 2
MARCHI967 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWT
3.0272 Fracture toughness 4.012 Suggested bend radii for plate and sheet In 0 and T63
3.028 Combined properties temper, see Table 3, D241.
AI
3.03 Mechanic:sl Properties at Various Temperatures Machining and Grinding
3.031 Tension 4.6 Zn
3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams 4.D21 Machinability or this alloy Is good. For high production 1.4 Mg
3.0312 Efiec:t of low temperatures on tensile propenles of sheet, work, high speed steel or preferably c:srbldetlpped
Pig. 3, 1'312, cutting tools are recommended. Single point cutting
3.032 Com pression tools of high speed steel should be ground :D to SO
Q5 Mn
3.033 Impact degree top rake, 10 to 2D degree side rake, 8 to 10 0.1 Zr
3.034 liending degree front and side clearance angles. High speeds
3,035
3,036
Torsion and shear
lies ring
and Cine to medium Ceeds should be used. For rough
lathe turning, cutting speeds ot 500 to 1000 sCpm, Ceeds
0.1 Cr
3.037 Stress concentration oC D. 007 to D. D30 Inch and depths or cut up to D. 25 Inch 0.03Ti
3.0371 Notch properties c:an be employed, Cutting speeds of 600 to 1000 sCpm,
3.03711 Effect of low temperature on sharp notch strength of feeds or D. 0002 to 0. 01 D Inch and depth c! cut or D. 002 to
sheet and extrUsions, Fig. 3.037ll. O.OlD Inch c:sn be used Cor finish lathe turning. In X7005
3.03712 Effect oC low temperature on notch-strength-ratio Cor shaping, boring and planing operations a cutting speed
sheet and extrusions, Fig. 3.03712. equal to the maximum travel ot the ram can be attained.
3.03713 Effect or low temperature on tear strength or sheet and The alloy can be cut dry, but a cutting fluid Is recomend-
extrusions, Pig. 3, 03713. ed Cor good cooling and lubrication, Soluble oils are
3.03714 Results or tear tests on T6 sheet and T53 extrusions at satisfactory Cor many operations. Carbon olls or kero-
room temperature and low temperatures, Table 3. 03714. sene mixed with lard oll, usually In equal parts, are also
satisfactory. For heavy cuts and slow feeds, pure lard
on gl ves good results.
TABLE 3 03714
Cutting edges or tools should be kept sharp and free from
I Source (I
grinding scratches, (2).
Altnv X7005
I Tesi Tear tests a 4.03 Welding
Fonn 0. 063 ln. T6 sheet and T53 extrusions
4.D3I General. This alloy can be readily welded, brazed or
Enern re uired to
soldered, and will maintain high mechanic:sl properties
Initiate a propagate Total Unit propagation after welding or brazing without post-weld (or post-
Temp Temper Dir crack a crack energJ energy
braze) solution heat treatment.
F lnlb ln-lb ln-lb ln-lb/in2 4.D32 Fusion welding. Weldablllty by TIG and MIG Cuslon proc-
RT Tl> L 29 a3 ll2 1290 essiOs Is excellent IC XSI80 Clller w1re Is employed.
RT T6 T 36 82 liB 1275 Alter welding, the alloy wlll naturally age In several weeks
RT T53 L 67 104 171 1040 to produce a lltronger weld joint than any of the non-heat
RT T53 T 64 84 148 840 treatable alum:lnum alloys. Art!Clclal aging, after weld-
-ll2 T53 L 40 59 99 590 Ing, wHI .iunher Improve the weld strength, particularly
-112 T53 T 40 37 77 375 the yield strength.
-320 T53 L 27 59 86 590 Welding procedures, joint preparation, machine settings
-320 T53 T 28 37 65 375 and other welding vart>bles are the same for X7005 as
Cor other aluminum alloys. Precleanlng procedures
(a) For tear test specimen used, See Fig. 3. 03713. are the same as those employed for the other heat treat-
able alloys, (I).
4.0321 Average tensile strength (bead on) of butt-welded sheet
3.0372 Fracture toughness joint&, Table 4. D321.
3.038 Combined properties
. '
Typical propenles of sheet, air cooled from brazing
temperatures, see Table 3.0214. IS X7005
AI 4.0341 The melting runge of 1125 to U95F for this alloy enables P.
..:
4.6 Zn brazing to be accomplished with standard fluxes and
ttl
fillers. For "dip brazing" In the recommended range 0.
:!!: 14
/
1.4 Mg of 1080 to UOOP, Alcoa No. 34 rtux permits easy flow
~OMRTTO
0.5 Mn
0.1 Zr 4.0342
and good wetting of filler metals. Alcoa No. 33 and No.
53 rtuxes are satisfactory for ''furnace brazing", Alcoa
No. 716 or No. 718 filler wires are recommended, (2).
The alloy can be successfully brazed up to a tempe mture
of 1120P. However, brazing times and temperatures
..:
"'
0.
:!!:
'?
2
13
v TEMP fNDICATED
TABLE 4 0344
Source (I)
A ov X7005
Brazing X7005 Temperature range
to Pliler
for brazing
X7005 4047 (No. 718)
3003 or 1100
No. 23 or 24
Brazing sheet
No. 21 or 22
4047
4045
4047
(No.
(No.
(No.
718)
714) or
718) ..
} 1080-liOOF
Brazing sheet
No. 11 or 12
Brazing sheet
4343 (No. 713)
Use No. 34 flux for dip brazing; No. 33 or 53 flux for furnace
Use No. 718 where additional flller Is required.
TABLE 4 0351
I ~nu~P (I
tlnv X7005
r.ondltlon urnace soldered at 750F I min, AC + asre
Aging Fty e(2ln),
FtU'
treatme~t Ocs-ll (ksll loercent\
None 35 16 21
I week at RT 48 25 20
I month at RT 53 29 20
2 months at RT 54 30 20
AGING TIME HR
FIG. 3.0211 EFFECT OF NATURAL AGING ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET
AND PLATE (I)
CODE 3214
PAGE 4
160r--r--------~--------~~~------------~r-~~
X7005
-400 -300 -200 100 0 100
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.037ll EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON SHARP
NOTCH STRENGTH OF SHEET ANU EXTRUSIONS
(I ){4)
AGING TIME HR
FIG. 3. 0212 EFFECT OF NATURAL AGING ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF EXTRUSIONS {I)
--
60
X7005
0.064 lrl SHEET !'>-
1090F IOMIN, AC
L/_ t'-
y
v
40
20
~
TY
AGING TEMP
250F
0
~
20 r--
e{2 IN)
r---
I MO TEMP P
0
0.1 10 100 1000 FIG. 3.03712 EFFECT OP LOW TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH STRENGTH
RATIO POR SHEET AND EXTRUSIONS {1)
AGING TIME - liR
FIG. 3. 021< EF I'ECT OF LONG TIME AGING AT 250F ON
T!!NSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET (ll
100
X7005
u; 0. 063 IN SHEET
:.:
EXTRUSIONS
::: -- - _.,...
100 X 90
X7005 ....
0, 063 IN SHEET 0
z -=...::.
80 eT6
"'a:!;;
A T53 80 .--o-
a: -+-L -o-
T53
~ EXTRUSIONS
LT
.... -o-L
60 I SHEET
i
-300
-<r- LT
200
T6
-100 0 100
TEMP P
40
.p~:, 3.03713 EPPECT OP LOW TEMPERATURES ON
.... 20 TEAR STRENGTH OF SHEIIT AND EX-
z {1)
TRUSIONS
"'u
a: e(2 IN)
"'
TT"1i . . .
... 0
-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
~7/16
TEMP- P
CODE 3214
PAGE 5
NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI967
60
AI X7005
';"'I)
4.6 Zn EXTRUSIONS
50 L,T
1.4 Mg
Q5 Mn
R -1
0.1 Zr i2 40
:g ROT
0.1 Cr IQ BEAM
"'
-
FATIGUE
0.03TI t; 30 TEST
~
X70 05 i!l
X
<
::s 20
oe T6
A4 T53
o
1'63
10 ---707 5-1'6
OAOSM OOTH
eA. NOTCHED
A BAND FOR SMOOTH SPECIMENS
B BAND POH NOTCHED SPECIMEN
0
lo2 loJ lo4 loS lo6 107 lr:IJ 109
NUMBER OP CYCLES
PIG. 3.051 S-N CURVE FOR SMOOTH AND
NOTCHED EXTRUSION IN VARIOUS
CONDITIONS
(1)
R 97/8"
[. "\)
Loo.
30 REFERENCES
X7005
~
3 "A ReVIew and Compa rison ot Alloys for Future
Solld
10 Propell ant Rocket Motor Cases, " DMlC Memor
andum
184, Defense Metals Information Center , Battelle
- eT Memor ial Institut e, (November 15, 1963)
4L Anders on, w. A. et al., "Notch SensitiVIty
ot Alumin um-
0 Zinc-M agnesiu m Alloys at Cryoge nic Tempe
ratures ",
lo4 ProceedlnSII, 1963 Cryoge nic Engine ering Confer
loS lo6 loB Advanc es In Cryoge nic Engine ering, Vol. 9,
ence,
K. D.
NUMBER OP CYCLES Tlmme rhaus (Editor ), distribu ted by Pleuum
Pre New
York, N. Y., (1964)
FIG. 3.052 SN FLEXURAL FATIGUE CURVE 5
FOR SHEET Kaufman, J. G. and Wande rer, E. T., "Alumi
num for
{I) Cryoge nic Applica tions", Machine Design , (No....m
ber 11,
1965)
CODE 3214
PAGE 6
1. GENERAL
Aluminum alloy 20Zlls a wrought heat-treatable AI
aluminum -copper alloy developed to have high strength,
good weldabillty and high toughoess at cryogenic temper- 6 Cu
atures. The alloy conalsls of a complex chemical
composition that rflq!llres close contact of eleven 0.3 Mn
alloyirlt.; elements. The baalc etrengtheDlog mech-
anism lr heat treated and aged material is provided by
0.18- Zr
the precipitation of a transition aluminum-copper phaae, 0.15 Cd
the nucleation of which Is aaslsted by the presence of
cadmium and tin (1).
The strength of beat treated and aged 20211s about the
0.10 v
same as 2014-T6 and It baa nbott the same cryogBDic 0.06 Ti
toughoass. Alloy 2021 however, Ill easier to weld and
Is more resistant to stress corrosl:ln cracking. The
as-welded strength of 20211s greater than that of 2021
2219 aluminum alloy (1).
1. 01 Commercial Designation
2021, Alloy 2021.
1. 02 Alternate Dsslgnattons
None.
1. 03 Specifications
None.
TABLE 1.0541
Source (1)
Allov 2021
Form Sheet (b)
Cold Work 0 Stretch 1,5 5 10 40
or Stretch Percent (a) Percent Percent Percent Percent
Pre-age<! (C)
before No No No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes
WorklnK
Ftu, kat 76,5 75.4 72.9 73.6 72.0 73.5 71.3 72.7 71.3 74.4
Fty, ksl 69.3 66.5 61.9 63.9 60.9 63,3 60.2 62,8 61.9 66.9
e(2 In), percent 9,0 9.5 9,0 9.0 9.5 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.8 8.5
I i
CODE ~~IG
NONFERROUS ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
TABLE 3.0241
Source (1)
Alloy 2021 Aluminum Alloy
Radii in terms of thickness, "t" (a)
Temper
TABLE 3.041
1/15 Inch 1/4 inch linch
Source (1)
0 O-l/4t l/4-l/2t ll/2-2t Alloy 202i - 'rst Plate
T81 8- 12t 10- 12t - Teat Time ~:~tress, 1<81, for C!reep .in Time Indicated
Temper- Under 0.1 \ 0.2 0.5 1.0
Based on limited dat!1 from one lot of each
a)
thickness.
ature - Stress peroe...~t pe'<l'.lnt P~.rcent percent Rupture
F (hour) Creep r,;ruep CI"OOP Creep
1
300 0.1
1
44
-
-
43
-
46
-
-
--
10 - - 41 43 45
100 - - -- -- 41
400 1 26 - -
10
100
- -..
-
24,.
-
2:
22 24
- -
25
500 1
10
18
-
20
l6
-
18
-19 19
100 - --' - 15 )5
CODE 3216
3,042 Creep and rupture curves for T81 sheet at 300 and
AI 500F, Figure 3. 042.
0.10 v Source 3
Alloy 2021 - T81 Sheet and Plate
0.06 Ti Data Fatigue Limit at 5 x 10 cycles
Fatigue Limit, ksl
2021 Type of teat Stress Ratto Smooth Notched
(R) Kt= 1 K t> 12 3.06 Elastic Properties
3.061 Poisson's ratio.
Sheet-flexure -1 19 3.062 Modulus of elasticity.
Rotating-beam -1 17 5,5 3.0621 Modulus of elasticity (tension) at various tempern.turea
Axlal-aheet 0 27 for T81 plate, Figure 3. 0621.
Axial-plate 0 26 8 3.0622 Modulus of elasticity (compression) at various
temperatures for T81 plate, Figure 3. 0622.
r-::oo/' 3.063 Modulus of rigidity.
~
4. FABRICATION
4.01 Formability
4.011 Formability Ia related to temper strength and ductlUty.
r < 0,0005 For recommended mlnimum bend radil, see
Axlal (Notch) Table 3. 0241.
Flexure (0. 063 Inch Shest)
1, 0 Inch Plate
4.02 Maohlntng &nd Grindiog
~00.1"- See 2219 (Code 3205)
TABLE 4. 033
Source 3
Alloy 2021-T81 Parent Metal; 2319 FUler Metal
Weld r-~~,Asr--W~el~d~ed~a~~~r-~P~o~sTt~w,e~ld~.~~ed~l~:;>~
Thlclmess Method ~ tu ~ ty eu>e.rcen< ~ tu ~ ty e1percen
(Inch) (d) (ksl) (ksl) ~ 10 Inch (l:al) (ksl) !In 10 inch
a)
(c) TIG
(e)
None (d)
(e) I
I
42.1
42.5
46.9
28.6
24.1
31.9
3.0
4.8
4,0
Round reduced tensile teAt specimens , transverse direction,
10
17
12
1,10 1.02
1.05 0.94
1,00 0,94
bj Fabricated In laboratozy .
c) Fabricated in plant.
d) Natural aged for several weeks.
e) Post-weld aged at 325F, 16 hour.
f) Notched roWid specimens , DOtch centered in weld bead,
4. 04 Heat Treatment
0 0,004 0.008 0
STRAIN- J:Nr.H PER INCH
CODE 3216 I
NUNI"t.KtcUU5 ALLOYS RELEASED: MARCH 1969
80
AI 2021- TBl
6 Cu
60
0.3 Mn
~
0.18 Zr FTU
L----
0.15 Cd i!l 40
~
r.:l
0.10 v ~
0.06 Ti "' 20
FTY
l----
2021
ffi 40
g e
r.:l
ll.
20
0.1 10 1o3 lo4
ROOM TEMPERATURE AGING TIME- HOUR
FIG. 3.0214 EFFECT CF ROOM TEMPERA TURE NATURAL
AGING ON TENSILE PROPERT IES OF AS-
QUENCHED ALLOY (1)
2021
T8l PLATE
~ 40~--~~--~~--~~--~80
I
i:!
~ 20~!:==~~~~~~-i----~60
~
I
o~--~~--~~~~----~40 ~
~
EXPOSURE TIME
e 1/2 HR
.A 100 HR
1000 HR
80
2021
0.125 INCH SHEET AI
L350F I\ 325F i'""300F T62CONDITION 6 Cu
v
70
( r--- 1--- 0.3 Mn
[_325~ 0.18 Zr
/: ~-- 1 - - - - 1---- --- 1 - - - - ---
60
t/1 [.?
I
/,.
!7 / 2021
40 if
~/ ........ - .........
70F or 150F WATER QUENCH
- - - 212FWATERQUENCH
-
30
20
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72
80
2021- T81
liNCH PLATE
70
~
~
60 / L
I T
50 I I
1/
~ 40
I I
30 I I
20 I I
10 I COMPRESSION I COMPRESSION _
1/ 1/
0
0 0.004 0.008 0 0.004 0.008 0.012
STRAIN -INCH PER INCH
FIG. 3. 0221 STRESS -STRAIN CURVES FOR T81 PLATE IN COMPRESSION
(1)
....
\..
AI
6 Cu
0.3 Mn
0.18 Zr
0.15 Cd
0.10 v
0.06 Ti
2021
100 2021
T81 PLATE
80
80
"' 1'--.
-.......
~~ 100
~
I
~ ~~ 80
20
'----- -----.1---- '< ~ FTY
ill 60
~ ~
"'l ~
I
0 40 ~
EXPOSURE TIME AT
TEMPERATURE ~~ "'
e 1/2 HR 20
~~
A 100 HR
1000 HR
...
- ~ .&-__,j
20
~
e(4 D) ~
0
-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800
TEMPERATURE - F
FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE AND EXPOSURE AT TEMPER-
ATURE ON TENSO..E PROPERTIES OF T81 PLATE (1)
I CODE 3216
(_ 110
2021- T81 AI
SHEET AND PLATE
6 Cu
100 -~ 120
0.3 Mn
~
T
0.18 Zr
90 100 0.15 Cd
~ FTU
fl L '\6o~
0.10 v
fl ~ ~ I
0.06 Ti
~
80
80 ..
........ iS
~ ~
FTY
I~ !'-.. - ~ 2021
60 ' ra0.0005
"'
---... ..
70
~ EDGE-NOTCH (1/4 IN PLATE)
'7\600/ .
60
50
-400 -300 -200
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
-100 0 100
40
20 00 -400
NOTCH ROUND
-300 -200
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
-100 0 100
FIG, 3.0313 TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SHEET AND PLATE AT LOW FIG. 3. 03712 TENSILE AND NOTCH TENSILE DATA FOR PLATE AT
TEMPERATURES (1) LOW TEMPERATURES (3)
120~----~----~~----~----~------~-----,
2021- T81
0.002-o.125 SHEET
10
2021- T81
0.25 INCH PLATE
80
,...---r-
==-=' 300F
~ -
---- ---
I ! - --
= 60
E-o
0
zlol
!>::
E-o
"' 40
0
1::.
v
0
'""'"'"}
1/8 INCH
1/4 INCH
1 INCH
SMOOTH
500F
~'
r-
---0.2 PERCENT CREEP
....
1/16 INCH } NOTCHED 7 r--RUPTURE
20
1/8 INCH Kt ~ 17
0 100 10
II II
100 1000
TIME -HOUR
TEST TEMPERATURE- F
FIG. 3.03711 TENSILE AND NOTCH DATA FOR T81 SHEET AT ROOM FIG. 3.042 CREEP AND RUPTURE CURVES FOR T81
TEMPERATURE AND AT LOW TEMPERATURES (3) SHEET AT 300 and 500F (4)
100r--------r---
---~--------~---
---~
AI
2021
6 Cu T81C ONDI TJON
0.250 INCH PLAT E
0.3 Mn
0.18 Zr T
0.15 Cd
0.10 v
~
0.06 Ti
~
.1&1
202 1 ~
0 1'-o"::"3---
----1-:,.------1.L.o~s-------1'-a-::-
6 1; ;., 107
NUMBER OF CYCL ES
FIG. 3.052 AXIA L LOAD FATIG UE CURVES FOrt
::lll.OOTH Sl,'ECIMENS
OF T81 PLAT E AT SEVE RAL TEMF
E!LATUru;:S (4)
100
2021
T81CO NDIT JON
0.250 INCH PLAT E
80
~''"
1&1
IS
"'::a
! 40 0.062 5
20
ol~o'::'3------~~~o4~----~~~~------~.L.o
~s------~~o7
NUMBER OF CYCL ES
FIG. 3.053 AXIAL LOAD FATIGUE
CURVES FOR NOTCHED
Sl'EC IMEN S OF T81 PLAT E AT SEVE
RAL TEM PER-
ATURES
(4)
CODE 3216
i . ~
-.~/
2021- TBl AI
~
1. 0 INCH PLATE
ROTATING BEAM FATIGUE 6 Cu
~ 30 0.3 Mn
"~OOTH
R=-1
0.18 Zr
~
'
0.~5 Cd
~ 20 !'--. NOTCHED La
r
CI.!O v
I
-.si
~ 0.06 Ti
a&
0 A
L
T
lll ~A\_(YJ/'. "' ........___ 2021
~ 0.480 E3 ~ ~ lA
A lo-
1 r < 0.001"
0
n4 n5
10 10 10n6 10,7
'"'
10
CWLES
FIG. 3.054 ROTA:riNG BEAM FATIGUE CURVES FOR SMOOTH AND NOTCHIW SPECIMENS OF
T81 PLATE AT ROOM TEMPERATIIRE (1)
80
2021- T81
0.125 INCH SHEET
60 AXIAL STRESS
~
I
r:l ~ R=O
~ 40
I"-
~ t--
I 20 ..
'Q-.A
o- ....
0
L
T
CYCLES
FIG. 3.055 AXIAL STRESS FATIGUE CURVE FOR SHEET AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (1)
13
AI
2021
6 Cu T81CO NDmON
0.250 INCH PLATE
0.3 Mn 12
~
0.18 Zr
0.15 Cd 11
~ ...... ---.~
............
0.10 v ~ ~
~K
0
0.06 Ti 0
0
... 10
~
~
2021 e (STATIC)
TENSION
8 I I
2021- T81
0. 063 INCH SHEET
FLEXURAL FATIGUE
~ 30
I
e L
o T
0
1~0~4----~---10~5~------1~0~----._~w-----~
~10 8
CYCLE S
FIG. 3,056 FLEXURAL FATIGUE CURVES FOR T81
SHEET AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE (3)
13r--T------~----~----~------
------~----~
2021
T81 CONDITION
0. 250 INCH PLATk:
~~~~~----1-----1----
--~~~~~-1-----1
g
...
0
9L-~----~----~----~----~----~---
-300 -200 -100 0 100
--J
200 300
TEST TEMPE RATUR E- F
FIG. 3.0622 MODULUS OF ELASTB::ITY (COMPR.ESBION) AT VARIOU
S
TEMPERATURES FOR T81 PLATE (ol)
CODE 3216
rturtrc.nnuu:: ALLUT:S
I I
2021 SHEET AI
TIGWELDED
2319 FILLER WIRE 6 Cu
so
0.3 Mn
50
ld
~
~
~
FTU
~ ~ -- --=:::::::::! 0.18
0.15
0.10
0.06 Ti
Zr
Cd
v
/
FTY
2021
30
( PARENT { 0 WCONDmON
20
METAL
c T81CONDmO N
\
~ ~
e (2 IN)
---;;
0 8 16 24 32 40 48
REFERENCES
AUTHOR: J. G. SESSLER
~ 1.03 Specific~
even lower at cryogenic kmp~taturcs than at room
1.031 Mllltary specification. MIL-A-52242 (7). Rod, bar, temperature.
and shapes; extruded.
1.04 Composition
Table 1.04.
2. PHYSICAL AND CllEl\UCAL PROPERTIES
TABLE 1 04
Source (3)(6) (G)
2.01 Thermal Properties
Percent Percent Melting range, 890-llGOF (G).
2.011
Element Nominal Min Max
\ .. -,. Zinc 7.4 6.8 8.0
2.012 Phase changes. Alloy Is subject to preclp!W.tion
hardening.
Magnesium 3.0 2.6 3.4
2.013 Thermal conductivity. (Condition TG) 70 Btu [t per
Copper 2.1 1.6 2.6
(hr sq Ct F) at room temperature (G).
Chromium 0.30 0.18 0.35
2.014 Therm.U expansion.
Iron - - 0.40
68 to 212F 13.0 x lo-G In per In perF
Silicon - - 0.35
70 to 4lOF 13.4 x lo-6 In per In per F (2).
Manganese - - 0.20
Specific beat.
Titanium -- -- 0.20
2.015
Thermal dlf[uslvity.
Others - 2.016
Ench
Total
-- -- 0.05
0.15
2.02 Other Physical Properties
2.021 Density. O.l02lb per cu In
Aluminum Balance Balance 2.82 gr per cu em (G).
2.022 Electrical properties.
1.05 Heat Treatment 2.0221 Electrical resistivity at G8 F.
1.051 Anneal to Condition 0: Heat to 775F, 2 to 3 hours, air Condition 111 2.16 microhm - ln.
cool. If alloy Is to be stored Cor an extended period o[ 2.0222 Electrical conductivity at G8F.
time be~orc usc, then reheat to 450F, bold 4 hours and 31 percent o[ lACS (equal volume) (G).
air cool before storage (1)(6). 2.023 Magnetic properties. Alloy Is nonmagnetic.
1.052 Solution treat to Condition W: neat to 870F, hold 2 to 2.024 Emissivity.
4 hours depending on size o[ lond, rapid quench In cold 2.025 Damping capacity.
wate~ Is preferred. Quenching In hot water or by atr
blast Is sometimes employed for bulky sections to 2.03 Chemical Properties
minimize quenching stresses (1)(6). 2.031 General. The corrosion resistance and atmospheric
Artlfical age Condition W to Condition 111. Heat to 250F weathering cJsistance of this alloy Is good (similar to
1.053
hold 24 hours, air cool. Designation Is 1112 If heat that o[ 7075 alloy) and Is further Improved with heat
treatment Is performed by the user. treatment and artificial aging. However, the alloy Is
1.054 Stress relief by strootchlng 1 to 3 percent permanent sensitive to stress corrosion cracking In all tempers
set (Cor extruded rod, bar, shapes, and tube) subse- except T75. In Condit! or. 1'75, the alloy Is reported to
quent to solution heat treatment and prior to any pro- be resistant to stress con~~;~~ will not exCollale and
clpltaUon (aging) treatment. Designated as Condition Is ncal'iy Immune to lntergranuJa::- corrosion. It should
W510 If product receives no further straightening aCter be noted, however, that corrosion data [or this alloy Is
stretching. Products receiving minor straightening scarce (3)(17).
arc designated Condition W511. 2.032 Anodic coatings, Inorganic Inhibitors and painting have
1.055 Artificial age Conditions W510 and W511 to Conditions been used to help lniliblt corrosion.
111510 and '!'6511, respectively. Beat to 250F, hold
24 hours, atr cool (G). 2.04 Nuclear Properties
/ 1.056 Solution heat treal. nrrl stabUir.e to Condition T75.
'{._..,,., This treatmCI':t Is a 1)ropri.'tary treatment o[ the
Harvey Aluminum C~mpany. 3. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
3.01 Spcc!lled 1\l:cchnnical Propertie s
3.02711 Tensile and notch tensile data for pla:" l.a Condition TIG
AI Table 3.02711.
3.02 Mechanica l Pro[!erUc s at Room Tcm[!era< urc
7.4 Zn 3.021 Tension (see also Table 3.02711). TABLE 3 02711
3.0211 Stress-str ain diagrams . So w-ee ffl)
3.0 Mg 3.0212 Alumlnwn Associatio n mechanic al property limits for Alloy 7001 - TI5 Plate 1.000 Inch Thiel< (a){b)
extruded rod, bar, shnpcs, and tube, Tublc 3.0212. Rolling Ftu Fty o(ln 2 In RA Note Tcn.~llc Notch Tensile
2.0 Cu Direction {ksi) {ksl) or 4D) (Percent) Strength (ksi) Strength Rallo
0.3 Cr I Perecnt
TABLE 3 0212 L 81.9 74.8 11.0 - 80.0 0.98
Source
Alloy
(G)
7001 Extruded Rod, Bar, Shapes, and 1\lbc
L
L
81.4
81.8
74.4
72.2
10.2
9.5 17
- 65.0
93.1
o.ao
1.14
7001 AI Thickness Area Ftu- ksl Fty- ksl c- percent L 80.6 70.6 9.5 18 91.3 1.13
Cond!Uon (Inches) (in2) L 80.6 70.6
mlnlmwn 9.5 17 91.4 1.13
Min Max Afin Max (21n or 4D) T 81.8 73.7 8.5 68.9 0.84
0
T6, T62
All All
Up thru 0. 249 All
-
8!!.0 -
42.0 -
82.0
26.0
-
10
5
T
T
81.8
80.8
73.4
71.3
9.2
8.8 H
- 61.6
81.2
0.79
1.00
-- -
(11),";"6510 0.250-0.4 99 All 92.0 84.0 5 T 79.9 69.6 s.o 14 83.6 1.05
ami TG511 0.500-1.9 99 Ali
(b) 2.1100-2.9 99 All
94.0
90.0 -
88.0
84.0
-
-
5
5
T 80.5 70.6 8.8 14 80.7 1.00
(11) Propertie s listed for Condition 1'62 Indicate those
which can be
~:1[f0.500 d~meter
obtained by lhc user when material is properly heat treated. Notch tip radius :s 0.0005
{b) For stress relieved tempers, character istics and propertie ~~16
s
other than those specified may differ somewhat from tho
correspon ding character istics and propertie s of material In Y6o
the
basic tcmncr. (a) All data obtained at room temperatu re.
(b) Each data value represent s average of 2 or 3 tests I rom octe lot
of material.
3.022
3.0221
3.023
Compress ion.
Stress-str ain diagrams .
Impact.
Il+
I l
i<f
7.5
I+ I
.I
3.024
3.025
3.026
B<Jndlng.
Torsion and shear.
Bearing.
I
12
A- !'"atir.ue crackod to desired length.
.I
3.027 Stress conccntra Uon. Tests not In accorrlanc c wlt.h ASTM E-24 Method of Test
3. 0271 Notch propertie s. for Plane
Strain Fracture Toulthnes s of Metallic Materials , 1969.
CODE 3218
RELEASED: JUNE 1970 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
3.02723 Apparent plane strain frar.ture toug;mess or forgings 3.02725 Comparison or apparent fracture toughness values
a.ud ex:trusions as determined by slngie edge r.rnck obtained with large plato specimens to those obtained AI
specimens, Table 3. 02723. with laboratory slz.e specimens, Table 3. 02725.
7.4 Zn
TABLE 3.02725
Source 4 3.0 Mg
Alloy 7001-T75 Plate- l 3/Si.neh thick
Test Apparent Fracture Toughness, KQ ksl'\llil (d) 2.0 Cu
Orientation 0.3 Cr
TABLE 3 02723 Specimen Type Lor T Loti IDtn IDtm Average
Source (11) Alcoa (a) L 24.4 23,3 24.5 24.1
Alloy 7001- T75 Alcoa (b) L 25.0 23.9 25.1 24.7
Pop-In Lnb Specimen (c) L 26.7 25.4 29.0 27.2 7001 AI
~
L Crack
Material or Width Thickness Length Load Alcoa (a) T 22.8 22.6 21.3 22.2
Form T (In) (In) a (In) a/W 1000 lbs) ksi;/Th Alcoa (b) T 23.3 23;1 21.8 22.7
Forgings L 2.02 0.246 0.676 0.335 3.70 20.6 Lnb Specimen (c) T 25.4 23.1 24.8 24.4
L 2.02 0.251 0.642 0.318 4.15 21.2 (a) Large semi-lnfinito center notched plato specimens, 64 Inches
Extruslo~ L 2.015 0.182 0.648 0.321 3.00 21.4 long by 20 Inches wide by 1 Inch thlck(l5). Plastic zone correction
L 2.015 0.181 0,663 0.329 2.48 18.4 applied.
T 2.017 0.180 0.670 0.332 2.65 20.0 (b) Same as (a) except data is corrected from lrwln l.nllgent form to
Forman and Kobayashi, Isidn a.ud Mendelson. Plastic zono
I 6 I correction applied.
(c) For geometry of laboratory specimen, see 'fllble 3.0274. No
I+ +I
plastic zone correction applied.
(d) !Dad values were determined by the secant method.
_[a
0.125~
3. 02726 Average Klc values for baud forgings as determined by
I 8 J various specimen types, Table 3.02726.
I I
Fatigue cracked to desired I ength.
Tests not In accordance with ASTM E-24 Method or Test for Source
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials, 1969. Alloy 7001-T75 1
Data
RW 20.9 20.0
WR 16.0
WT
m 16.4
TW 22.1
(a) Average of from 1 to 8 tests.
w __ ..______.,
TABLE 3 02724
!Source (14) First I ctter indicates dircc tiun normal to crack surface
oy 7001 - T75 Plate - 1 3/8 Inch thick and second letter direction of crack propagation.
Test Slow Bend Test Fracture Toughness a)(b)
(c) F a 70 ksl
Material Orientation Fty Apparent Fracture
lDt Number L or T ksl Toughness- KQ ksi.!i'it
I L 72.2 26.66
n L 70.6 25.36
m L 70.6 29.60
3.02727 Plane strain fracture toughness values for T75 plato,
I T 71.3 25.42
n T 69.6 23.06 Table 3. 02727.
m T 70.6 24.82 TABLE 3 02727
11) Slow bend tests of fatigue cracked specime? ~urce I (16)
15
1-- I/2--~k . !AllOY 7001-T75 Plate
Plano Strnin Fracture Toughness, Krc 1<81-\/ln (a)
11 ~) ~~ =t~FaUguc I WR (b)
w
RW (b)
No. of lDts Min Max Avg No. o Lots Min MIIX Avg
r--W. ,_ ..._ , I 110 1---l Crack
3 23.2 25.4 25 3 19.8 22.4 21
/' '\ B-0.4 (11) K1c according to ASTM E-24 Proposed Methud or Test lor
f4 aclw~o.3 Plane strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials, 1909.
\T 11
(b) Soc Table 3 .027ZG for definiUona of crack orientation.
-.-
o.15
'- O.OOOR (maximum)
(b) Each value Is tho average or 3 or 4 teats.
3,028 Combined properties.
...------ .3.03 Mechanical Properties at Various Temperatur es 4.03 Welding
AI 3.031 Tension. 4.031 General. The alloy does not have good fusion welda-
3.0311 Stress-strai n diagrams. billty and fusion welding of 7001 is not normally recom-
7.4 Zn 3.0312 Effect or test temperature on tensile properties or T6 mended. The alloy Is also difficult to weld In the an-
extruded bar, Figure 3. 0312. nealed condition by resistance techniques. Resistance
3.0 Mg 3.0313 Effect or lest temperature on tensile properties or bar welding of heat treated tempers can be successfully
In Condition T6, Figure 3.0313.
2.0 Cu 3.032 Compressio n.
accomplishe d If special practices arc employed. Braz-
Ing, gru3 welding, or soldering are not recommende d.
3.0321 Strcss-strnl n diagrllllls.
0.3 Cr 3.033 Impact.
Heat Treatment
3.034 Bending.
3.035 Torsion nnd shear.
4.05 Surface Treatment
7001 AI 3.036 Bearing.
4.051 General. Surfaces may be protected by anodic cllatlngs,
3.037 Stress concentratio n.
chemical finishes, elcctroplntin g, painting or other
3.0371 Notch properties.
surface treatments that arc commonly used for alumi-
3.03711 Effect of test temperature on sharp notch strength of
num alloys.
extruded bar, Figure 3.03711.
3.0372 Fracture toughness.
3.038 Combined properties.
4.01 Formability
4.011 General. 1n Condition T6, tho alloy Is di!Cicult to form
40 40 ""
(J
0
by cold working because of Its high tensile yield
strength. Formability Is dlrccUy related to temper
eill.
strength and ductility. As with tho 7075 alloy, 7001 is
usually formed In the annealed or freshly quenched 20 20
condition and then heat treated subsequent to tho form-
Ing operation. Because of Its high strength, a greater
allowance for "sprlngback " Is required. Rubber form-
ing or stretching Is usually conducted at 250-450F (2). ~4~00______.2~0-0_____0~--2-0~0---4~0-0--6~00
TEST TEMPERA TIJR E - F
4.02 Machining and Grinding
4.021 This alloy bas good machinabilit y In ail conventiona l FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF TEST TEMPERATURE ON
machining operations. Machining Is best accomplishe d
TENSILE PROPERTIE S OF T6 EXTilUDED
In tho annealed condition.
BAR. (10)
CODE 3218
@ 1970, Belfour Stulen, Inc.
PAGE 4
1
I
---
7001- T6
BAR
120 1
~ FTU
~
...._ ~
BO
r---. t ' - FTY
~
20 40
r--
/
L.---- e(2 INCHES)
0
50 100 150 200 250 300
TEST TEMPERATURE - F
~ 40
20 1----+-- -
Kt=9.5
"
7001 - T6
60 EXTRUDED BAR
7.4 Zn [U~ SMOOTH FATIGUE SPECIMEN
3.0 Mg 55
1.5 INCH DIAMETER
2.0 Cu
0.3 Cr 50 ~ - ---
""
R = -1 (AXIAL l-OAD)
7001 AI ~45
I
~40 ~ n
~
Cll I~ 0 SPECIMEN FAILED
e SPECIMEN DID NOT FAIL
'-......_----
35
30
0
00
~-
0
25
I I JI J I I I I I III
CYCLES TO FAILURE
FIG. 3.051 B-N FATIGUE CURVE FOR EXTRUDED BAR IN CONDITION T6 AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.
STRESS RATIO R =-1. (13)
REFERENCES 15. Kaufmnn, J. G., Nordmark, G. E., and I:.ifka, B. W.,
"Fracture Toughness, Fatigue and Corrosion Charac-
1. "Standards for Alwninum Mill Products," 8tb edition, teristics of 2020- 1'651, 2024- 1'851, nnd 7001- T75
The Aluminum Association (September 1965). Alumlnwn Alloys," Alcoa, AFML-TR-66-21 9
2. Alloy Digest, "Aluminum 7001," Filing code: Al-22, (September 1966).
Engineering Alloys Digest, Inc. (January 1955). 16. Kaufman, J. G., Moore, R. L., nnd Shilling, P. E.,
3. "Aluminum- Properties, Physical Metallurgy and Phase "Fracture Thughncss of Structural Alumlnwn Alloys,"
Diagrams," VolumP I {Edited by K. R. VanHorn) Alcoa, Paper prepared for 1969 ASM Materials
Amcrlcnn Society for Metals (1967). Engineering Congress (October 1969).
4. Tbe Aluminum Data Book, Reynolds Metals Company 17. Evans, R. M., and Maykutb, D. J., "Wcldabillty of
(1965). fllgh Strength Aluminum Alloys," DMIC Memorandum
5. Campbell, J. E., "Compllatlon of Tensile Properties 216, Battelle Memoriallnstitut e (August 22, 1966).
of High Strength Alloys," DMIC Memorandum 150,
Battelle Memorial Institute {April 1962).
G. "Aluminum Standards and Data, 1968-69," 1st edition,
The Aluminum Association (April 1968 ).
7. Military Specification; 7001 extruded rod, bar, and
shapes, MIL-A-52242.
8. "Aluminum--Fab rication and Finishing," Volume m,
(Edited by K. R. VanHorn) American Society for Metals
(1967). ADDITIONAL BIDLIOGRAPIIY
9. Kaufmnn, J. G., and 'Holt, Marshall, "Fracture
Characteristics of Aluminum Alloys," Alcoa Research 1. Shober, F. R. , "The Effect of Nuclear lladiatlon on
Laboratories, Technical Paper No. 18, Aluminum Structural Metals," DMIC Report 166 (September 15,
Company of Amorlca (1965). 1961).
10. Iannelli, A. A. , nnd Rlzzltano, F. J., "Notched 2. Autes, H. W., "Strength and Ductility of 7000 Series
Properties of High Strength Alloys at Various Load
Wrought Aluminum Alloys As Affected by Ingot
Rates and Temperatures," AMRA- TR - 66 - 13, Structure," Report R-1835, Pittman-Dunn Research
Technical Report, U. s. Army Materials Research
Laboratory, Frankford Arsenal (February 1967).
Agency (July 1966). 3. Degnan, W. G. , ct. al., "Fatigue Crack Propagation
11. Davis, S. 0., 1\tppcr, N. G., and Niemi, R. M.,
In Aircraft Materials, " United Aircraft Corporation
"Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Properties of Three
(March 1966).
Aluminum Alloys as a Function of Specimen Geometry, 11
AFML-TR-65-15 0 (July 1965). 4. Fccldersen, C. E., and Hyler, W. S., "Compilation of
12. Davis, s. 0., 1\tppcr, N. G., and Niemi, R. M.,
Fracture Data For Aluminum Alloys," DMIC Technical
"Effect of Specimen 'IYJ>o and Crack Orientation on Note (November 1965).
Fracture Toughness," AFML-TR-67-38 (March 1967). 5. Jackson, J. D., and Boyd, W. K., "Stress Corrosion
13. Kje1by, A. s., ''Determination of tbo Fatlf"'O Proper- Cracking of Aluminum Alloys, " DMIC Memorandum
tics of Harvey 7001-TG Aluminum Alloy," Mctcut 202 (February 1965).
Research Associates, Air Force Contract AF 33(616)- 6. Kaufman, J. G., "Notch Toughness of Some Aluminum
3298 (December 1956). Alloys by Proposed ASTM Recommended Practice, "
14. Jones, R. E., "Comparison of F'racturc Toughness paper presented at ASTM Annual Meeting In Lafayctlc,
Values Obtained Using Semi-Infinite Aluminum Plates Indiana (Juno 1965).
With Values Obtained Using Laboratory Size Specimens; 7. Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility Study on
University of Daytan Research Institute, AFML-TR- M72 LAW, ITT Research Institute, Technology
69-58 (April 1969). Center, Inlcrim Report B6076-2 (Juno 1967).
CODE 3218
e 1970, Balfour Stulcn, lne.
PAGE 6
I. GENERAL
1.035 SAE Handbook specificatio ns. AA5052
Aluminum 505Z Is a nonheat treatable ''stralnhanl enlng"'
type aluminum alloy The various tempers are produced AI
A
Composition
by cold working. As the hardness of the temper lncrea
Table 1.04.
ses, the alloy exhibits Increasing strength along with 2.5 Mg
decreasing elongation. The fatigue endurance limit Is TABLE I 04
higher than that of most wrought aluminum alloys.
(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 0.25 Cr
It combines good workability with good fatigue strength
and corrosion resistance, (8).
Source cil cs> (13) (12)
.,,,;cr entu . Per cnt 5052
1.01 Commercia l Designation C:ro1niun. 0. iS 0.35 0.15
505Z, Alloy 5052, 5052 Aluminum 0.35
Copper
Iron
- 0.10 0.10
I. 02 Alternate Designation 0.45 0.45
Magnesium 2.2 2. 8 2.2 2. 8
AA505Z (SAE) Manganese
Alwnlnum 525 (obsolete) 0.10 0.10
Silicon 0.45 0.45
GR20A (obsolete) Zinc
SAE 201 (obsolete) 0.10 0.20
Other lmpuriticz;,
1. OJ Speciticatlo ns each 0.05 0.05
1.031 AMS specillcatlo ns, Table 1.031. Other impurities,
Aluminu~oral Balanc9 15
TABLE 1 031 Balance0 15
AMS Form Condition
4UISE 1.05 Heat Treatment
]Sheer, plurc 0
4111hE 1.051 Anneal to 0 Condition. 650F, time in furnace need not
Sheet, plate H32
4017E be longer than Is necessary to bring all parts of the
Sheet, phnc H34
4!1h9 uhin~ (seamless, drawn)
load to the annealing temperature . Cooling rate is
0 unimportant , (8).
4!1711F r-uhing: (seamless, drawn, round) 0
4071F 1.05Z Age. Alloy Is not hardenable by any thermal treatment.
lruhlng (hyllraulic, seamless, drawn,
1.053 Recrystalliz ation temperature after 50 percent cold
round) 0
41148 Bar, (rolled) reduction Is SSOF, (8).
F
1.06 Hardness
1.061 The alloy can be hardened only by cold work, Table_I.061 .
1. 03Z Military specilicatio ns.
Army 57-187-3
Navy 44T32, 47All, 46All
British DTD 440, (B).
1.033 ASTM specificatio ns, Table 1.033.
TABLE I 033
ASTM Strain hnrdened and
Form Condition stabilized
11~119(>3 Sheer, plate 1132, !134, H36, fl38, .ill'
U211Jh3 Tuht:,dr.:~wn H32, H34, 1136, H38
11234-63 for :ondcnscrs etc. H32. f:134 1.062
,uo; .oJ Effect of percent reduction on hardness of alloy, Fig. I. 062.
coilt.ad Iuhcs 0
11211 63 Bar, rod, wire, shaPPS H32, H34, (a), 1!36 1.07 Forms and Conditions Available
(toll<'tl or drawn) H38(a), F 1.071 Alloy Is available In the full commercial range of sizes
ll221h3 Bar, rod, shapes, tuhcs for sheet, plate, bar, rod, wire, drawn tubing and pipe.
(extruded) O,F 1.072 Conditions avilable, Table 1.072.
11313-h3 Tuhc (round, wchk-d) li32 or H22, H34 orfl24
H36 or fi26, H38 or TABLE I 072
H:t.q, 0 Source (13)
B3I6oJ Rivet wire O,H.l2 Allov Al-2. 5M 0. 25Cr
834563 Pipe (extruded or drawn) O,H34 form Conditions
') Wire only Sheet 0, H32 or lil2,1i34 or H24, HJb or H2b, HJ8 or
H2S
1. 034 Federal spccilicotlo ns, Table 1.034. PlatL- 0, H32 or H22, H34 or HZ4, HI12, F
TABLE I U34 Bar. rod. wire 0, H32 or H22, H34 or H24, H36 or H26, H38 or
f'c.."'lcrtll Form cn..tutnns H28, H39 or H29, F
QQAIlllllS /7 1\Jr, roJ, w1rc, shapes o. H32. 113~. mc.. H3a Dn.1m tube O,HJZ or H22, H34 or H20\ Hlb or H21\ ll38 or H28, F
(a) (rolled. drawn or F 1. 08 Melting and Casting Practice
cold flmshed)
QQA315b Bar, rod, wire (h) 0
Wire 1. 09 Spec uti Considerati ons
(b) 1132, H34, H3b, H38
Rod. 1'1r (h) F
QQA OU250a/8a Sheet. plate 2. PHYSICAL I! NO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
0, HZ2, fW, lllh, 1128
() 1132, H34, HJ6, H38 2.01 Thelmal Properties
Hill, F 2.0Ii
QQAJlftc 2 Shel"t, plate Melling runge. 1125 to 1200F, Conditions 0 and HJB,
0, H32 or H22. H3~or (13).
H24, fi36 or H26, HJR 2.012 Phase changes. None.
or H28, F, Hll2 2.0121
QQA4301 Rivet wire Ttmelempe rature-tran sformatlon diagrams
0. H32 2.013 Thermal conductivity .
\\ W T007ll0/4a Tuhc (seamless,dnawn~ O. H3.2, H34, H36, H38
(il) At RT, Conditions 0, H38: 79.86 Btu ft per (hr sq ft F),
F (8)(13).
W\\ T7R7h Tuhe (seamless, drawn) 0, H:t2. H34, H36, H38
2.014 Thermal expansion, Fig. 2.0!4.
(l r.;,wy ships
lr-
-
(h) Roll<'<!, dra"n or cold finished
2.015 Specillc heat.
At RT to 212F: O. 23 Btu per (lb F).
CODE 3301
PAGE
2.016 Therm ul diUus ivity
AI 3.0ll 3 AMS specif ied elong ation for sheet
2.02 Other Physi cal Prope rties H34, Table 3. 0113. and plate In Condition
2.5 Mg 2.021 Densi ty.
Conditions 0, H38; 0. 097 lb per cu
0.25 Cr in, 2. 68 gr per cu
em, (8)(13).
2.022 mect rlcd prope rties.
mectr lcal resist ivity. At RT; 1.65 TABLE 3.011 3
505 2 2.023 Magn etic prope rties. Nonmagneti
micro hm-In
(Source
2.024 c.
2.025
Emiss ivity
Damping capac ity
Anov AMS 3
Al-2. SMll-0. 25Cr
Form
ShP..r .- nlatP
Condition
2.03 Chem icsl Prope rties _H34
Nominal thlckn< - In
2.031 The corro sion resist ance of this alloy Pl2 In or 4Dl. --~'""'
is hlgh to 0.009 to 0.019
atmos phere and salt water In Condi >0. 019 to 0. 050 3
tion 0, H32, H3f,
H36, H38, (8)(13). When expos ed >0.0~0 to 0.113 4
to salt water It re-
tsina Its mech anicsl prope rties. >0. 113 to 0. 249 6
>0. 249 to 1. 000 7
2. 04 Nucle ar Prope rties 10
3. MECfMNICAL PROPERTli!S
Ftu mln-k sl
s 3.000
25
I .;: 0.017 to
s 2.000 I .;: 0.009 to
~ 1.000
0
max-k sl 31
31
38
34 . . 26
Fty mlnk sl . . .
41 35 35
max-k sl . . . . 35
. 10
.-
e"(21n) min-p ercen t 20
. . 20
1 .,,~fr~~r~!::~n .. .
. . lg
.
.
Speci mens shall confo rm to AS1M .
E8 and be taken parall el to the direct
ion of rollin g
3.01l l AMS specif ied elongation for sheet
and plate In Condition 3.0!2
0, Table 3. 0111. Deslgn mecha nical prope rties, Table
3. 012.
TABLE 3. OJ II
c;,...,rr ..
AM~ II
IAIIov
Al-2. SM110. 25Cr
ll'n>n
Sheet, plare
Condition
Nominal thickn ess In 0
~ Jn or 40. min .. Pt.rcent TABLE 3 012
0. 006 to 0. 007 Source
>0. 007 to 0.019 - Alloy
MlLHOBK5 5
AI2. 5Ma 0.25C r
>0.01 9 to 0.031 IS Forna
18 Sheer
>0.03 1 to 0.249 CondiUon 0
20 H32 H34 H36
>0. 249 to 3.000 Thick ness In H36_
0.017 - 0.009 - 0.008 .
18 0.008 -
0.249 0.249 0.162
ftu ksl L 28 0.128
3.0ll 2 AMS specif ied elong ation for sheet 31 34 37
and plate In Condition ksl T 39
H32, Table 3. Oll2. 31 34 37
Fry. ksl L 13 39
21 24 29
ksl T 33
20" 23 29
TABLE 3.011 2 Fey ksl L 33
-
.-
20 23
!Snur~P ksl T
AM~ Fsu- tsl
21 24 .
~llnv 18 19 20 22
A 2. SMu-0. 25Cr F , ksl 23
Form
Condition
Sheet, nlate e'7o. 1.5) 50 54
U12 (e/0 2.0) 59 61
Nominal thickn ess In e(2 In or 40), min-percent 65 71 78
Fbry 82
0.017 to 0.019 (e/0 1,5)
>0.01 9 to 0. 050 4 29 34
5 (e/0 2.0) 41 46
>0. 050 to 0. 113 34 38 46
7 53
>0. 113 to 0. 249
>0. 249 to 0. 499 9
>0. 499 to 2. 000 11
12
CODE 3301
PAGE 2
MARCH 1965
NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWN
I
3.0121 Design elongation values for sheet In Conditions H32,
\. H34, H36 and H38, Table 3. 0121. 3.0215
perature, Fig. 3. 0214.
Typical tensile properties at room temperature, Table
3.0215. AI
TABLE3 0121
Source MlLHDBK 5 15}
TABLE3 0215 2.5 Mg
Alloy Al-2. 5MgO. 25Cr
I SOurce
Form Sheet Alloy
(18
Al2.5ik-o ~
0.25Cr
ll:olldltlon Thickness In e- percen Form Not given
H32 0.017 to0.019 4 Condition AM 0 H34
0. 020 to 0. 050 5 Thickness In Not lllven
H3_a_ 5052
0. 051 to 0.113 7 Ftu, -ksl 28 38 42
0.114 to 0. 249 9
H34 Fty ksl 13 31 37
o.oo8 to o.Ol9 3
FSU' -ksi 18 21 24
0. 020 to 0. 1J50 4 e(2 In) percent(a
0. 051 to 0. 113 25,30 10,14 7, 8
6 Hardness BHW
0.114 to 0. 249 47 68 77
7
H36 0.008 to 0.031 3 500 Kg load, 10 mm ball
0. 032 to 0. 162 4 (a) Values given for 0. 063 In sheet and 0. 5 In bar, In that order
H3~. o.oo8 to 0.031 3
0. 032 to 0. 128 4
3.0216 Effect of exposur" to elevated temperature on tensile
3.013 Producer's mechanical property limits for sheet, plate, propenies of alloy In HJ4 Condition, Fig. 3. 0216.
3.0217 Effect of exposure to elevated temperature on tensile
bar, :rod, wire and tube, Table 3.013.
properties of alloy In H38 Condition, Fig. 3.0217.
TABLE 3 013
'!tOurce
Alcoa
Allov
Fnrm
""
AJ2. 5M 0. 25Cr
Sheet elate Wire rod and bar
Condition 0 H32' H34' H36' H38 H112 0 H32 H34 H36 H38 H39 0 H32 H34 H36 H~A F_
Thickness-In
0.00~10.':1 0:~~-00~10.006!10.25
3. 000 2. I. 0.162 0.128 3.00 All
1up to
1
F6
to 1,up to~~~ up to ~~p to
0.374 0.3133 0.250 0. 204 o: 145 All
Ftu mlnksl
maxksl
25
31
31
38
34
41
37
44
39 26.5
--32 -
31 - -
34 37
-
39 40 - 31 34 37 39
Fry. mlnksl - - - -
35
- - . .
.-
maxksl .. . . . . .
For the correspondin g H2 temper, maximum ultimate tensile values do not apply
3.0131 Producer's elongation value limits for sheet and plate In 3.0218 Typical tensile properties and hardness for sheet and
various Conditions, Table 3. 0131. bar, Table 3. 0218.
TABLE 3 0218
TABLE 3 0131
l~n""~ 10\
I Source 13 Allov Al-2.5Ma0.2 5Cr
'llnv A -2 5MilO. 25Cr Form Sheet and har
Form hPPf. nlnre Condition 0 H32 H34 H36 H38
Condition Thickness - In e{2 In) mIn- percent Ftu ksl 28 33 38
0 0.008 to 0.019 40 42
15 Fry. ksl 13 28
0.020 to 0.031 31 35 37
18 Fsu ksl 18 20
0. 032 to 0. 249 21 23 24
20
o. 250 to 3. 000 Fbru' ksl 69 80 84 88
18 e(2 In) .. percent
H32 0. 017 to 0. 019 4 Sheet, 1/16 In 25 12 10 8 7
0. 020 to 0. 050 5 Round. I /2 In dla 30 18 14 10 8
0. 051 to 0.113 7 Hardness, BHN 45 62 67 74 85
0.114 to 0. 249 9
0. 250 to 0. 499 Sheet
11
0. 500 to 2. 000 12
H34 0.009 to 0.019 3
0. 020 to 0. 050 4 3. 0219 Effect of percent reduction on tensile propenles of alloy,
0. 051 to 0. 113 6 Fig. 3.0219.
0.114 to 0. 249 7 3.022 Compression
0.250 to 1.000 10 3.0221 Stress-strain diagrams
H36 o.oo8 to o.031 3 3.023 Impact
0.032 to 0.162 4 3.024 Bending. See 4.013.
H38 0.008 to 0.031 3 3.025 Torsion and shear. See Tables 3.0J2,3.0215 ,and 3,02!8.
0.032 to 0.128 4 3.0251 Effect of percent reduction on shear strength of alloy,
H112 0. 250 to 0. 499 7 Fig. 3. 0251.
0. 500 to 2. 000 12 3.026 Bearing. See Table 3. 012, and Tabl<: 3. 0218.
2.001 to 3.000 16 3.027 Stress colk!entratlon
3.0271 Notch propenles
3.02 Mechanical Propenles at Room Temperature 3.0272 Fracture toughness
3.021 Tension, see also 3.01. 3.028 Combined propenles
3.0211 Stress-strain diagrams
3.0212 Effect of exposure time and temperature on tensile 3.03 Mechanical Properties at Varloua Temperature s
properties tested at room temperature, Fig. 3. 0212. : 1 ;j,,Q3l Tension
3.0213 Hffe:t of eitposure tim., and temperature en tensUe 3.0311 Stress-strain diagram~
propenles of rod In Condition H34 tested at room tern- 3.0312 Effect al room and elevated temperature on tensile
perature, Fig. 3.07.i3. propenles of alloy at various tempera, Fig. 3.0312.
3.0214 Effect of exposure tlnje and :emperature on tensile 3,11313 Effect of low and elevated temperature on tensile
propenles of rod In Condltic:. H38 tested at room tern- propenles of bar In Condition 0 and H36, Fig. 3. 0313.
CODE 3301
PAGE :5
3.0314 Effect of low and elevated temperature on tensile 3.053 Effect of test temperature on fatigue strength of alloy ,. J,
AI properties of alloy for various tempers, Fig. 3,0314. in Condition 0, Fig. 3. 053. :........ /
3,0315 Effect of low and room temperature on longitudinal 3,054 Rotating beam fatigue strength for various conditions,
2.5 Mg and transverse tensile properties of sheet, Fig. 3. 0315. Table 3. 054.
3.0316 Effect of low and room temperature on longitudinal
0.25 Cr and transverse tensile properties of sheet, Fig. 3,0316.
.
TABLE 3 0"4
~
3.0317 Effect nf exposure time and temperature
3,03171 I Snurc" 14
Effect of e.tposure time and temperature on tensile
Temp Stress Fatigue strength ksl
5052 properties of rod in Condition 0, Fig. 3.0371. _Cnndltlnn F IM.rhnri Ratio at cvcles
3.03172 Effect of exposure time and temperature on tensile A R 1 roS ll)6 rn7 rn8 ~.rn8
properties of rod in Condition H34, Fig. 3.03172. 0 RT Rot beam
3.03173
00 I 23.5 19. 17.5 16.5 16
Effect of exposure time and temperature on tensile H34 00 I 26 20. 19 !18 18
properties of rod in Condition H38, Fig. 3,03173. H38
3.03174
00 I 29.5 24 22.55 21 20
Effect of exposure time, low and elevated temperature
on tensile properties of alloy In Condition H32, Fig.
3.03174.
3,032 Compression
3.0321 3.06 Elastic Properties
Stress-strain diagrams
3.033 3.061 Poisson's ratio
Impact
3,034 3.062 Modulus of elasticity at low temperature, Fig. 3. 062.
Bending, see Fig. 4, 013.
3.035 3.0621 Modulus of elasticity at low and elevated temperatures in
Torsion and shear. See also 3.025.
3,036 Bearing. See also 3. 026, tension and compression, Fig. 3,0621.
3.037 3.0622 Modulus of elasticity in compression. 10, 200 ksi, (8),
Stress concentration
3.0371 3.0623 Modulus of elasticity In shear. 3, 850 ksi, (8).
Notch properties
3.03711 3.063 Modulus of rigidity
Effect of low and room temperature on notch strength
of sheet, Fig. 3,03711.
3.03712 4. FABRICATION
Elfect of low and room temperature on transverse and
longitudinal notch tensile properties of sheet, Fig. 3.03712.
3.03713 4.01 Formability
Effect of low and room temperature on notch strength
4.011 General. The alloy Is compatible In the production of
ratio of sheet, Fig. 3,03713.
3.03714 Effect of low temperature on notch strength, and notch drawn shapes, blanked and pierced parts. More frequent
strength ratio of sheet, Fig. 3.03714. reannealing is required If the alloy Is spun because of
3.03715 Effect of low and room temperature on notch strength, its rapid rate of strain hardening. The maximum re
notch strength ratio and fracture toughness of sheet, duction is equal to or less than SO percent between
Fig. 3. 03715. anneals depending on the product, (8~
4.012 Hot working range. 950 to SOOF, (8).
3.0372 Fracture toughness. See 3. 03715.
4.013 Minimum bend factor for various thicknesses, Fig, 4. 013.
3.038 Combined properties
4.014 Approximate bend radii for 90 degrees cold bend, Table
3,04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 4.014.
3.041 Creep and creep rupture curves for alloy in Condition 0,
Fig. 3,041. TABLE 4 014
3.042 Creep and creep rupture curves for alloy in Condition Source (13)(8)
H32, at 300 and SOOF, Fig. 3. 042. Allgy~ Al2,5Mu0.25Cr
3,043 Creep and creep rupture curves for alloy Jn Condition f:2!:m.. Sheet,~
H32, at 212, 400 and 500F, Fig. 3.043. l.Cam1J.U.an. 0 H32 H34 H36 H38
3.044 Creep rupture curves at 90, 212, 360, 400 and 600F Thlckncs In RH~l 0 (n , thlcl:n .., .. ( 90" bend)
for sheet and rod in various conditions, Fig. 3, 044. 1/64 0 0 0 0 It t. ljt
3.045 Creep and creep rupture properties for sheet 1/32 0 0 0 rur I 2 I
3.0451 Creep and creep rupture curves at 200, 300 and 400F
for sheet in Condition H32, Fig. 3. 0451.
l/16
1/6
0 I I
0 I I
f I t
f 1ft
t. Itt
. Zjt
I 2 I r .
if . 3 t 2 4 t
3 ,
3,0452 Creep and creep rupture curves at 212, 300 and 400F 3/16 0 It t it :!jt 2 4 I 3 5 t
for sheet In Condition H32, Fig. 3,0452, 1/4 0 I I ; Ior 2 3 I 2 4 I 4 6 I
3,0453 Creep and creep rupture curves at 200, 300 and 400F 3/8 . l.t I .. z' I 2 . 3 t 21 . 5 t 4 7 I
for sheet In Condition H38, Fig. 3. 0453. .llJ. I 2 t 10. :lOt 2.; Jot 3 . s;r <; 8
3.0454 Creep and creep rupture curves at 90, ll2, 300 and
400F for sheet In Condition H38, Fig. 3,0454.
3.046 Creep and creep rupture properties for rod Minimum permissible radius over which sheet or pl.tuc may he hcnt
varies wHh nature of forming operation, type of forming equipment.
3.0461 Creep and creep rupture curves at 300 and 400F for
design and condition of tools. Minimum working radius for a given
rod, Fig. 3.0461.
material or hardest alloy and tcmpcr,glven radius,can be ascertained
3.0462 Creep and creep rupture cur:es at 300 and 400F for ro:l
only by actual trial' under contemplated conditions of fabrication.
in Condition 0, Fig. 3. 0462. .~
3.0463 Creep and creep rupture curves at 300 and 400F for 3;:
inch rod in Condition H32, Fig. 3. 0463. 4.02 Machining and Grinding
3.0464 Creep and creep rupture curves at 300, 400 and 600F 4.021 General, The machinability of this alloy is good. The
for 3/4 inch rod in Condition H34, Fig. 3,0464. best finish can be obtained with fully hard temper, while
3,0465 Creep and creep rupture curves at 300, 400 and 600F foi in the annealed condition care has to be exercised, (8).
rod In Condition H34, Fig. 3, 0465. 4.022 Grinding requirements for high speed steel turning tool,
3.0466 Creep and creep rupture curves at 300 and 400 F for see (a) below:
rolled red in Condition H38, Fig. 3,0466. 45 to 52' top rake
3.0467 Creep and creep rupture curves at 300 and 400F for rnlled !2 to 18' side rake
and drawn rod in Condition H38, Fig. 3.0467. s to 10 clearance
30' to 35 cutting edge.
3.05 Fatigue Properties (a) Carbide tools can be used, preferably using the
3.051 s .. N curves at room and elevated temperatures for "'Jioy lower range limit for greater cutting edge angle. U
In Condition 0, Fig. 3.051. the optimum cutting speed on the lathe is somewhat less,
S.OS2 SN curves for longitudinal and transverse weld heavier feeds and depth of cuts may be used. Lard oil
joints of sheet, Fig. 3. 052. or a mixture of lard oil and kerosene Is commonly used
as a cutting oil, although light cuts may be cut dry, (8).
CODE 3301
PAGE 4
l'
l'<lunra::::.nnvu.:> "AI.L.VT.:>
4.03 Weldi!!IL 40
4.031 General. 5052 Is readily lqeldab1e by torch lucrtgas . I.
metal arc and electric resistance methods. AI 5154
Al2.SMg0,25Cr
ROD
AI
filler rod Is used when extjca metal is required. For
consumable electrodes,Al'lr..OO is rt.acommended, while
TESTED AT RT CONDO 2.5 Mg
30
for a welding combination pi~3003,. 6061, 6062 or 6063
to 5052, 4043 filler rod shoUJ-1 ile used, Torch welding
0.25 Gr
with lightly reduced flame Alcoa 1\o, 22 welding nux .J FTu
or equivalent Is recommendW. Inert-gas shielded arc
by tungsten and consumablcjelcctrode method is recom-
20 EXPOSURE 5052
mended, (8). .i e 1/2} HR
4,032 Effect of low and elevated temperature on weld tensile "" 10011 FTY
properties and weld joint eti"lclency of fheet, Fig. 10
4.032. ;
4.033 Effect of low and room teml'tel"&lure on longltodinaJ and 0 200 400 600
transverse weld strength anrl wc~d joint efficiency of TEMP F
sheet, Fig. 4. 033.
Effect of low ard room temper"llllre on weld strength FIG. 3.0212 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TIME
4.034
AND TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
of sheet, Fl!i. 4. 034. ' '
PROPERTIES TESTED AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE (12, I. 9697)
4.04 Hc-..at Treatment 50
A12.5Mg0.25Cr
4.05 Surface Treatment ROD
COND H34
30
Al5Mg0,12Mnll.:J2Cr . ;;;
AS RECEIV (0% P.RD) ~ :<:
+AS SHEAR FOR!t:m
20
z 9
~1'
:c
"' 1/2
""100
Ill 10 1000 R
"'0z ~~ ... 10,0
"':c-<
700 20 40--,T'"rO
; . ov
0
0 200 400 BOO
I
REDUCTION ~l!RCEIIT
TEMP F
FIG. 3.0213 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TIME AND
FIG. 1. 062 EFFECT OF. PERCI.~;'T REDUCTION ON
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES
HARDNESS OF
r AU.t.\''{
... (20; p. 106)
OF ROD IN CONDITION H 34 TESTED AT
RCXJM TEMPERATURE (12, I. 100101)
~
i\
..
!
50
'
50 40 Vi
~
,I ~
zs=c-r...,----r:
15 ,.....,A..,.I""2-.5:-:M-,g---o-. 40
I
~ 14~----t-----17~~--+-----~ ;;;
~ 30 20
"'"'
c..
~ E
ffi
c..
13 1---......,A-------+----i 20 ""
...
~
"'
~ 12~L---+------r-----t----~ 10
0 200 400 1!00
FROM RT TO TEMP
INDICATED TEMP- F
11 0L---2~00------4~00------~~00----~~0 FIG. 3.0214 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TIME AND
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF ROD IN CONDITION
TEMP F
H 38 T&'TBD AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
FIG. 2.014 THERMAL EXPANSION (8)(13,p.35)(14)(19) (12, p. 103104)
CODE 330!
PAGE 5
"''"'"' NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
10 0 20 60 80
RBDUCnON - PBRCENI'
FIG. 3,0251 EFFECT OF PERCENI' REIXJC!nON
ON SHBAR STRmGnl OF ALLOY
(20, p. 106)
200 400 600 800
TEMP P
FIG. 3,0216 EPPBCT OF EXPOSURE TO ELBVATBD
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIBS
OF ALLOY IN H34 CONDmON (13)
Al-2, SMg-0, 25Cr
40~=~~~1k-~~
20
40
0
0 200 400 600 800 30 Iii
TEMP P
"'
PIG. 3,0217 BPPBCT OP I!XPOSURE TO BLEVATBD
TBMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERnBS
OF ALLOY IN H38 CONDmON (13) Iii
20 t
50 :.:
~
40
"' 10
0
30
Iii
"'
20
10
30
~20
t.l 800
0 200 400
m TEMP P
0 BFFBCT OF ROCN AND ELEVATBD
0 20 40 60 110 FIG. 3.0312
TBMPERATURE ON TENSILE
REDUCnON PERCENI' PROPBRnBS OF ALLOY AT VARIOUS
FIG. 3.0219. El?FI!CT OF PERCBNI' RBDOOnON TBMPERS (13, p, 30)
. . ON TENSILE PRC'PBRTIBS OF
ALLOY (20, p. 106)
6'
i:
II.
9.
--tt-+-----...... lil
~
0
:.c
~ 30 1---l~-
10
TBMP- P
0
PIG. 3. 0314 EPPBCT OP LOW AND
160
BLBVATBD TI!MPERA'IURE
ON TENSILE PROPBRTIBS OP
~
0 80
ALLOY AT VARIOUS TEMPERS
(13, p. 31)
...l:i
o_-100 0 -100 SOD
TBMP- P
PIG. 3.0313 BPPBCTOP LOW AND
BLBVATBD TBMPBRAnJRE
ON TI!NSILE PROPBRTIBS OP
BAR IN CONDmoN 0 AND H 36
(8)
100 ~~-----r-----r----~
Al-2. 5Mg-o. 25Cr
0.063 IN CR SHEET
CON>H38
OT
eL
lil
:.c 60 1--T~~-r-----r----~
~20
Gl
... 0 L-~:----~:----~----~
-10 -200 0 200
TBMP- P
PJJ. 3.0315 BPPBCT OP LOW AN> ROCN
TBMPERAnJRE ON LONli'IUDINAL
AN> TRANSVBRSB TBNSlLE
l'ROPERTIES OP SHEET
(16, ,.. 196-197)
CODE 3301
PAGE 7
NONFERROUS ALLOYS
MARCHI965
Al-2. SMg-o. Cr
AI 0.040 IN SHEET Al-2.5 g-o.25 Cr
2.5 Mg COND H38 ROD
80 COND H34
0.25 Cr eL
OT
505 2 60
iil
~
40
10
!!flU R}I!
1000
,. 10,000
0
~o----~2~00~--~400~--~600~---'.800
TI!MP - F
FIG. 3. 031 72 EFFEC T OF I!Xl'OSURI!
~tJ TIMI! A)II)
TEMPI!RATURI! ON TI!NSILI!
PROPI!RTII!S OF ROD IN comm oN
~ 0'--400
~::---:::--~--=-' H 34 (12, p. 100)
200
TEMP F
FIG. 3, 0316 I!FFB CT OF LOW AND R~
TI!MPI!RATURI! ON LOJ)(;ITUDINAL
AND TRANSVERSI! TI!NSILI! PROPI!R-
TII!S OF SHI!I!T (17, Thl. VID)
CODE 3301
PAGE 8
AIWN
MARCH 1965 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
e
60 40 0.25.Cr
li!
:..:
5052
ii.i 40
:..:
20 :t ~80 0
~ r co.ooo7- 0.001
"' 20 0
60
0 40
160 -400 -200 0 200
TEMP- F
~ EFFECT OF LOW AND ROOM
Ill FIG. 3.03712
u
a: 80 TEMPERATUR E ON TRANSVBRSB
...
Ill AND LONGITUDINAL NOTCH TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEET
(16, p. 92-93)
0_400 0 400 800
TEMP- F
AJ-2.5Mg-0.25 Cr
0.040 IN SHEET I. 8 ,-.-,-----r-n""'l"",n'l'o~--no""'.:z::;c'c.cr::r:'l
CONDH38
0.063 IN CR SHBBT
li! CONDH3e
:..:
i5
2
Ill
~
:c
20 1.2
-400 0 200 -400 -200 0 200
TEMP- F TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03711 EFFECT OF LOW AND ROOM FIG. 3.03713 EPFBCT OF LOW AND ROOM
TEMPERATUR E ON NOTCH TllMPBRATUR E ON NOTCH
STRENGTH OF SHBBT STRENGTH OF SHEET
(17, 1bl. VIm (17, ibl. VOl)
CODE 3301
PAGE 9
AIWN NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
~I I 100 Al-2.5Mg-0.25Cr
......... ~ . :
0.040 IN SHBBT
125
~
CONDH38
8)
r
eL
OT NOT,CH
5052 f.j 40 STRl!NGTH--It----il----i
e
60
lil
:.0:
20
40
0 o r0.0007-0.00I
~l.2t-~----+-----r---_,
20
i5
0 ~ 1.0 1---!:~~+---t----1
1.14
E
~
i5 1.06
~ ~
E
:c
o.98 ~
14
:.0:
~ 0.90 6
-400 -200 0 200
400 200 0 200
TEMP F
TEMP F
FIG. 3.03715 EPFl!CT OF LOW AliD ROCN
FIG. 3.03714 EFFl!CT OF LOW TEMPERA"lURE TBMPRRA11JRE ON NOTCH
ON NOTCH STRENGTif. AI'D STRENGTII, NOTCH STRENGTH
NOTCH STRENGTH RA110 OF RATIO AID FRAC"IURE TOOOHNRSS
SHEET (9, p. 9)(11, p. 102) OF SHEET (16, p. 198-199)
Al-2.5Mg-o.25Cr
CONDO
20
-~ 300F
l----
10
~
w
~ ['...,600F
2
RUPTURB ........
--~~~
--0.5 CREEP
----0.
10 100 1000
TIMB HR
FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREBP RUP11JRB CURVB5 FOR
ALLOY IN CONDmON 0 (10)
CODE 3301
PAGE 10
1-\1 IY1'41
MARCHI965 NONFERROUS ALLOYS
---
20 CONDH32
f-..~'
. .... 2.5 Mg
' ..... .... 1---r-
10
"..... '. ~'............... 0.25Cr
TIMB HR
riG. 3, 044 CRBBP RUPTURE CURVES AT 90,
212, 300, 400 AND 600F FOR SHEET
AND ROD IN VARIOUS CONDmONS
(12, 1. 106107)
~r-------r---~AI~-~2-~SM~g-~O~.~~C~r,
SHEET
CONDH32
10~--~------~--~~-------;--~
8~~~-----+~~--4-~~--+-~
Iii
w 6~--~~~--~----~~--~~--~ 10------~----~~~~~
~ sr-~----r-----~r-----~
6 r-:...,.......3~r-+--- 200F---
--300F
--~F.
8
~ ~~}
4
!-----...,-;,.,_ CREBP
60.2%
2~------~-------------J
I 10 100 1000
10 1000
TIME HR
TIMB- HR
PIG. 3.043 CRBBP AND CR.BBP RlJPTUIU! CURVES FOR PIG. 3.0451 CRBBP AND CREEP RUP'IUIU! CURVES
ALLOY IN CONDITION H32 AT 212,400 AND AT 200, 300 AND 400P FOR SHEET IN
(10) CONDITION H32 (12,p.99;
500P
CODE 3301
PAGE II
S. ~sW!slls~r
1
60
CONDH32 At-2.s~-o.25Cr
,__ -1 ~--
....
.. ~J;"
0.065 SHEET
CONDH 38
......
r-~....::7-1 to-
~
~
~
--- -..._ ...
......._...
...... 20
11;-_ -
- ~--
~: t:::.-
'
~
'... ~............
..... ., ~
""..., ~- ~~
~- .......
..... 10
"""'.....,.
r-. ........-....... - .....
~ 8
.........
tJ
., .. -:.:-:---..
~
[!:ir .
Cu ~:~A"' ~----.
~~~
6
- ~
YO.i r
Fe 0.14 ~
~ 2.59
0.04
4
l~r
SJ 0.15
+o..
CREE P Cu ~:04 e Rcr :E
42%
If, 8:81. - - 212F Fe 0.18
I
lA I Balan c -- 300F
400F
2
Mg
Mn
Sl
2.45
0.01
151\
... 0.5%
--
C'REEP
0.1
100 1000 10 Ti
Zn
AI
0.10
0.01
0.01
&lan e
--
--
90F
212F
lOOP
TIME HR 400F
1
FIG. 3. 0452 CREEP AND CREEP 0.1
RUP'IURB CURVES AT 10 100
212, 300 AND 400F FOR SHEET IN 1000
OOND mON TIME - HR
H32
(12, p. 107)
FIG. 3.045 4 CREE P AND CREE P
RUPI'JJRE CURVES AT
90, 212, 300 ANI.:' 400F FOR SHBE
T IN OONDI
TlON H38
(12, p.I07 )
l f~}UK.BCREEP COND 0
~ 300F
10
2 ~------~-400--F----~------~
100 1000
10 100
TIME HR 1000
FIG. 3.045 3 CREE P AND CREEP TIME HR
RUPIURE CURV
200, 300 AND 400F FOR SHEET IN ES AT FIG. 3.046 1 CREE P AND CREE P RUPIURE
OOND mON
H38 CURVES AT 300 AND 400F FOR
(12, p.IOS)
ROO (12,p. 98)
CODE 3301
PAGE 12
! Al-2. SMg-0. 25Cr
.~J 3/4 lN DIA ROD AI
20
:::----::~ ~
1--:.:: 2.5 Mg
0.25Cr
8--
6- -
- ""'"'---::
-i
......
t:-
300P
..,
.........
............... 5052
3 0r-------,-------r~AI~-~2.~5~M~g-~.25~C~r
ROD
20 ~~--~~~~~~----~~~H3~
10
8
lil 6
10~----~~~~~~~--~~~~~ :.:
8!-----~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4001'
4
lil 6 1-::.._---+-----....;.---=::....,......j.:.----~-1
:.:
3
: ~-UPTUR~ B 2
o.s
, o. CREEP
2
.0.1%
3001' CREEP
4001'
CODE 3301
PAGE 13
NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
~r-----~------~---
-~-SMg-
---o. --~
AI AJ2, 25Cr
ROLL ED ROD AJ2, 0,25 Cr
2.5 Mg COND H38 CON> O
0.25Cr
RT
505 2
300F
1 - 30C),~F------+-
0.8L-------~~~----~----~
0.1
~-------J
10 100 1000
TIME - HR
FIG, 3.0466 CRBB PAND CRBB
PRUP I'tlRI !CUR VBSA T
300 AND ~F FOR ROLL ED ROD
IN CONDI-
TION H38
(12, p. 106)
~r------~------
~~~
AJ-2, 5Mg---~
O. 25Cr~
ROLLI.!D AND ORA WN ROD
COND H38
,';! 6
:.:
4
1
1 10
TIME - HR
FIG. 3.046 7 CRBI !PAN D CRBB NlMI IBR OF CYCLI!S
P RUP'IURB CURVES AT
300 AND ~F FOR ROLL ED FIG. 3.052 5-N CURVI!S FOR LOI' inwiN
AND DRAWN AL
ROD IN CONDIT.!ON H38 AND TRANSVERSI! WELD JOIN
(12,p ,J05) rS
OF SHI!I!T (16, p. 1201 21)
CODE 3301
PAGE 14
o\12,5Mg0,25Cr
AI
2.5 Mg
20
l
.... 0.019 0.050 o. 113 ~0. 2.\9 0.25Cr
Iii
COND ____i
.(H34-
:.I
lo6 5052
10
107 H~
108
0.05 0.1 o.s
niiCKNBSS - lN
00 200 400 600
FIG, 4,013 MINIMUM BBND FACTOR FOR
TI!MP- P VARIOUS nllCKNBSSBS (2)(3)
PIG. 3.053 BPPBCT OF TBST
TI!MPBRA11JRB ON ~ 120
FATIGUE STRB~TH A12, SMg-0. 25Cr
~~ 0,063 IN CR SHBBT
-
OF Al.l.OY IN 0 CONDmON
(13) uu CONDH38
-<l -"'
ii:gjso
i:Jo.
~ 60
-
!2. 80
~
OT
'
eL
14 Al2,5Mg0,25Cr FTU
0,063 IN CR SHBBT 40 ............,_
CONDH38 -o-
-e --e.... 30
~20
:'
12
~
~ ~ ~ """-
~ 10 ~ leo
-400 -200 0 200
TI!MP- P
FIG, 4.032 BFFBCT OF LOW AND BLBVATBD
8 TI!MPBRATURE ON WE!.D TENSILE
-400 -200 0 PROPERTIES AND WELD JOINT
TI!MP- F BFP1CIBNCY OF SHEET
(16, p. 198-199)
FIG. 3,062 MODULUS OF I!LASTICnY
AT LOW TI!MPBRATURE
(16, p. 196-197) 100 r--r----~~M~-~2~.s~--o~.~25~C~r~
0.063 lNCR SHEBT
CONDH38
t: AI-2.5Mg-0.25Cr
~120~----+-----+-----;
1>10
~
~ 80 1------+-----~"<----1
~ 20
~ u
0.
l5 40 .1---_.J._----IL---...J
~ oLL~:::=!:==t._j
... -400 0 800 -200 0 200
TI!MP- F
TI!MP- F
FIG, 4.033 BFFBCT OF LOW AND R~
PIG. 3, 0621 MODULUS OF Bl.ASTICITY
AT LOW AND ELBVATBD TI!MPBRATURE ON l.O~rruDINAl.
TI!MPBRATURBS IN TBNSION AND TRANSVERSE WBLD STRB~TH
AND Ca.tPRBSSION AND WELD JOINT BFFJCmNCY OF
(IS, 3. 2. 5.1. 4) SHEET (16, p. 102-103)
CODE 3301
PAGE 15
NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
80
AI la Al-2.5M g-0.25C r \.._.:
~ 0,040 IN SHBBT
2.5 Mg
i560 \ CONDH38
HBLIARC Btn'T WBLD
0.25C r ~
~
WBLDS I' BN:l1li
5052
~
940
Ill
;!: " KTU
~20
tJ
if 0
..r-.- e
RBF BRB!I[:BS
CODE 3301
PAGE 16
1. GENERAL 1.05 Heat Treatment
~ :_ Alwnlnwn alloY 5056 Is au a1wnlnwn-magneslwn wroilgbt 1.051 Anneal (CCDdltlon 0). 650F, time In furnace need net be AI
.,.....,,,/ alloy developed by the Alwnlnwn Comp&D"J al America longer than Ia necesaary to bring aU parts al the load
(Alcoa) In the year 1936 for usc In the manUfacture al to the annealing temperature. Cooling rate Is net 5 Mg
wire products. The alloy does net respond to thermal Important, (S).
best treatments, but Its strength can be Increased by 1.052 Hot working range. see section 4. 04. 0.12 Mn
cold working. Aluminun 5056 has high resistance to
rural11ndustrlal and marlue atmospheres aod &ood 1.06 Hardness. 0.12 Cr
corrosion resistance to most neutral fresh water, aea seeiiiSOTable 3. 0212.
water, organic acids, anhydrides aod petroleum. 1.061 Heat treatments. Alloy Ia net hardened by thermal
derivatives. The alloy exhibits good weldabUity aral can : treatments. 5056
be machined aatlafactorlly. It Is available as rod, wire 1.062 Cold work. Alloy can be hardened by strain hardening.
and rivets. 1.0621 Coodltlon H12:
1/4 strain hardened, produced by cold worldDg.
1.01 Commercial Des!s!!!tion 1. 0622 Coodltlon Hl4:
AI 5056, Alcl~d 5056. 1/2 strain hardened, produced by cold working.
1.0623 Coodltlon HIS:
1.02 Alternate Desll!!!!!tlons Fully strain hardened by cold working.
None. 1.0624 Coodltlon H192:
Extra strain hardened by cold work plus fabrication for
1.03 S~lflcatlons special applications.
1. 031 AMS Speclflcatlons, Table 1. 031. 1.0625 Coodltlon H32:
1/4 strain hardened and stabilized.
1.0626 Condition H34:
1/2 strain hardened and stabUized.
TABLE 1.031 1.0627 Coodltion H3S:
Fully strain hardened and stabilized.
ltii:~A 'I Wire
Form
(CondO) 1.06:>.S Coodltlon H392:
l!xtra strain hardened and stabilized plus fabrication for
special applications.
CODE 3302
PAGE
""' " ... ;ijQNFERROUS ALLOYS MARCH 1965
TABLB 3 012
I Source (2)
Allov AlSMR-D.12MD-D. 12Cr
Form Wire. rod and bar AI clad
Condtl011 0 I Hlll I H12 I Hl4 _I Hl8 I H19 I H192 I H32j H34 _I H38 H39 H392 p 0 H392 H39
ThlckDeas - 111 AU
up to
0.374 I
1up to up to 1up to
10.313
I
tof 1 up to. sl
tof 1 up
0.2044 0.145 0.013 0.374 0.313 0.204 0.14
,t,up I up ':J 1
0.0133 0.375 All I0.01310.1~
so 48
- --
46 44 46 40.
=7; 52
-
58
- -
59 60 44
-
50 55
- ...
56
- -
58
mllllcal 20
e 4Dim1Dom-ceD - - - - -
Maximum. So specllled to lllaure complete aDDeallqr
The measurement for wire Is Dot required for wire < 0. 125 1Dch
D represents apec:imeD dllmeter 3,03 Mech&Dical Propenles at Various Temperatures
3.031 TeDSIOII
3. 013 MechaDical properties limits for wire, rnd and bar, 3.0311 Stress-ll!ralll dllgrams
Table 3. 013, 3.0312 l!tfect d. elevated temperature 011 teDaUe prop::rtles d.
I!W,,.~ ..
TABLB3 013 . 3.0313
alloy, Pig. 3, 0312.
BUect d. low and elevated temperature and exposure
l7l time 011 teDsUe propertlea d. alloy, Pig. 3. 0313.
Allov AISMD'-0. 12Mn-D.l2Cr 3.032 Compression
Rivet and cold 3.0321 StressattalD dllgrams
Form
Wire, rod and bar beadlqr 3.033 Impact
(rolled or cold flDllhed) wire and rod 3.034 BeDding
I Thlckn"ll ln All ,;;0,374 ,;; U,l92 s 1.000 3.035 Torsl011 and <~hear
--
Fw, max-leal 46(0) 46(0) 3.0351 l!tfect d. elevated temperature 011 ahear ll!reDglh d.
mllllcal 44(H111) 52(H32) rivets, Pig. 3. 0351.
- .-
44(H32) 3,036 Bearllls
--- ---
:::2) 32) 3.037 Streaa concmtn\11011
.-
2(Hl4) 3.0371 Notch properties
O(H34) 3.0372 Fracture touglmeao
-- 8(Hl8)
~S(H38)
-. -. 3.038 CombiDed prcpenles
.
--
~192) . 3. 04 Creep and Creep Rupture Prope!t!es
~8(H392) . . 3, 041 Creep and creep rupture curves for alloy, Fig. 3. 041.
e(21D or 40)-perceDt
Alclad
20(0) - - - 3.05 Fatigue Propenlea
Pw, mllllcal -- ~~92)
392)
-- -- 3.051 Bndurance limit (baaed 011 R. R. Moore tell!a to 5 x 1o8
cycles) at room temperature.
. . 54(H393) . CcodiUoa 0 20 leal
CcodiUoo Hl8 22 leal
Dlometer or leaS! dill!ance betweeD parallel faces, CcodiU011 H38 22 lcll, (12)(13).
CODE 3302
PAGE 2
i\ 3.06 Elastic Properties AI
3,061 Poisson's ratio. 0. 33, (8).
3.062 Modulus of elasticity, 5 Mg
10.3 x 1o3 ksl, (7)(12), .
3.063 Modulus of rigidity. 3. 7S x 1ol ksl, (8), ~14~----~----~~--~r-----t--1
0.12 Mn
FABRICATION
ffi
4.
"'~ 0.12 Cr
4.01 Formability re 12
5056
Machining and Grinding
4.02
4,021 This alloy bas excellent machinability compr.rable to that ..,2::
of heat treatable high strength aluminum alloys, although
It bas a slight tendency to give gummy chips while being
~ 10 1-f---4 ---+-- -t----l ;--i
machined. It gives the best results when machined In the
fullhardened Condition. It Is less resistance to tool
penetration and requires a relatively larger rake angle
for optimum production rste and smooth finish, (11)(12). 400. 800 1200
4. 04 Heat Treatment
4,041 Hot working range. SOO to 9SOF, (12),
4. OS Surface Treatment
AI Mg0.12Mn0 .12Cr
WROOOHT
60
HT FOR 10,000 HR
60 so
so 40
Ill
Ill :.c
:.c 40
30
t ~
30 20
20 10
10 0
0
!60
!;.
Ill
tJ 80
""
Ill
"'
800
TEMP F
FIG. 3. 0312 EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATIJRE
ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLDY
(8,p.944)
CODE 3302
PAGE 3
NUN~ERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
5056
I ~------~------~--------._
0.1 ------~
10 1110 1000
c(40)
TIME HR
0 FIG. 3.041 CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE CURVES
400 0 400 FOR
800 ALLOY (5)
TEMP F
FIG. 3.0313 EFFECT OF LOW AND
ELEVATED TEMPERATURE
AND EXPOSURE TIME ON
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF
ALLOY (5)
REFERENCES
lO
['-. CONDII32 "Alloy 5056, Alclad 5056, " Alcoa Researc h Laborat
Aluminum Company of America , (Decem hor 9,
ories,
6 1959)
F ", Tl)llon. C. R .. Jr .. "Reacto r Handbook" 2oo Edition,
su
~
Vol. I, Materia ls, lntcrscle nce Publishe r, Inc.,
N.Y.,
(19~0)
'....._._.._,,
MARCHI965 NUN~tKKUU~ ALLUT~
GENERAL TABLE I 04
( I.
Aluminum 5456 Is a nonheat treatable wrought alloy Source (I 3) 20 AI
'~ having good corrosion resistance iD the recommended Percent Percent Percent
temperature range and excellent welding qualities Min Max Min Max Min Max
5.1 Mg
with moderstely high propentes without the necessity
of a post weld heat treatment. It does not exhibit a
Copper
Chromium
-
p.os
0.20 - 0.20
0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20
-
0.10
0.8 Mn
transition ductlle to brittle behavior at low test tem-
peratures or wheu temperature is lowered. It Is
I ron + Silicon - 0.40 - 0.40 -
0.40
0.10 Cr
Magnesium 4. 7 5.5 4.7 5.5 4. 7 5.5
prlmarlly used for high strength weld structures, W.anganese 0.50 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.50 1.0
storage tanks. pressure vessels, vehicular use, - - -
especially for gun mounts, deck housings, overhead
Titanium
.
0.20
0.25 .
0.20
0.25 .
0.20
0.25
5456
Zinc
cranes, ship unloaders al1 heavy duty constructions, Other, each . 0.05
.-
0.05 -
0,05
(1)(3)(20). Other, total - 0.15 0.15 -
0.15
Aluminum rata nee llalance fo.alance
I. 01 Commercial Designation
5456, AI 5456.
1.05 Heat Treatment
1.02 Alternate Desisnatlon 1.051 AMeal to Condition 0,
None. 650F, (20). 77SF (18), time In furnace need not be longer
than Is necessary to bring parts to the annealing tem-
1.03 Specifications perature.
1.031 Federal specifications, Table 1.031. 1.052 Age. Alloy Is not hardenable by any thermal treatment,
TABLE I 031 but can be bardened and strengthened by cold work
I Source l' (strain hardening).
Allov AI5.1M 0. 8Mn-O. ICr 1.053 Stress relief. 425 to 475F, 4 hours, air cool, (1). This
Form Federal Condition treatment I recommended If cold work Is applied In
P.ar, rod and shapes. fabrication processes.
extruded, rolled, forgings QQA-00200/7 0, Hill, Hll2, H311 1.054 Removal of cold work. Soaking temperature Is 775F,
Plate, stleet QQA-00250/9 0, H24, H321, 11323, H343 2 hours, where the rate of cooling Is unimportant, (2).
1.055 Hot working range, 600 to 900F, (18).
CODE 3303
PAGE
nVI' frc:. nnu u::; ALL OYS MARCHI965
3,0212
5.1
AI
Mg
Source
Allov
TABLE 3 0212
Ill
.
Produc er's guaran teed mechaDlcal proper
and extrusi ons Table 3 0212
ties for plate
I
Fry. kal 19 to 30
~
I ~
33 to 43 33 to 43 31 to 43
e 'c2 lnl oerce nt 16 19 19 25
54:5 6 !2 12 !2 16 12 12
(1) Proper ties also apply for rolled bar,
rod and structu ral shapes
\ 1,08
Minimum
MeltfnR aod Casting Practic e .See 2.0ll.
3,0213 Produc er's typical mechan ical proper ties
ror wrought
1.09 Special Consid eration s alloy, Table 3. 0213,
2, TABLE 3.0213
PHYSICAL AND CHI!MICAL PROPERTIES
I Souroe 3
All~
2,01 Therm al Proper ties AI5.1M""RO. BMnO,lOC r
2.0ll Meltin g range. 1060 to 1180, (17)(18)(20). I Fnrm Wrnuuht allnv variou s Corms
2.012 Phase change s lrft""lt lnn 0 H24 H112 H3ll H32t H323
LTh!ckness In H343
2,0121 Time-t empera ture-tr ansfor mation diagra Avera ge varlou s SIZes
ms typks l
2.013 Therm al ccnduc tlvlty, Fru 45 54 45 47 51 51 56
68,0 Btu ft per (hr sq Ct F), (19). Ffl,' typkal 23 41 24 33 37 38
e( In)" 43
67.76 Btu ft per (hr q rt F), (1)(17), typ% 24 12 22 18 16 10
67,5 Btu rt per (hr aq ft F), typical , Condit
ion 0, at
e(21n)"" typ% 20 .. 16 . 8
.
RT, (20). Fsu' typksl 27 31 27 27 30 30 33
2.014 Therm al expans ion, Fig. 2, 014. Ha"!~~ 500/10
13.3 In per In per Pat 212F, (1)(17)(19), 70 . 70 75 90 90 0
94
2.015 SpecUic heat, 1/16 Inch thick specim en
0,23 Btu per (lb F) at 212F, (17)(18)(19)(2 1/2 Inch diamet er specim en
0).
2.016 Therm al dlffusl vlty 3.0214
Typica l mechan ical proper ties
2,02 Other Fhysic al Proper ties 3,02141 Typica l mechan ical proper ties for alloy,
Table 3.0214 1.
2.021 Densit y. 0,096 lb per cu In; 2,65 gr per
cu em, (1)(19) TABLE 3,02141
(20).
2,022 Blectrl cal resisti vity,
i Snurc~ I
Alluv A1=5; !MgO . 8Mn O.l()C r:__
2,34 microh m-In at RT, (17)il8 ),
Form -NOt g ven
2,32 mlcroh mln at RT, typical , Conditi
2.023 on 0, (20). Condition 0 H321 Hll<:
Magne tic proper ties. tt~ll
Thickn ess In Not given
The alloy Is nonma gnetic, (!),
2.024
2.025
l!mlsal vlty
Damping capaci ty
Ptu
F~,
typkal
typeka
e( In) typpe rcent
45
23
24
51
37
16 22
;: 33
18
2,03 Hardness,
Chemi cal Proper ties
2.031 BHN 0 75 90 75 86
The alloy has good corros ion resista nce
to rural, F.,. typksl 28 30 28
Industr ial and marine atmosp heres and to 28
neutr)l l or nearly neutral fresh waters . most
1/16 Inch thick specim en
2,032 Alloy Ia resista nt to chemic als shown In (500/10)
Table 2. 032.
3, 02142 Typica l mechan ical propen les ror variou
TABLE 2 032 s rormo and
sizes, Table 3, 02142.
Source
7 TABLE 3 02142
Allov A .<. '"''n-0. 8Mn-0 .10Cr Source 120
Resistance to chemicals Aftov
Alcoho ls Al-5.!M IHT.8M nO. ~
Form Av~ valftno 'ft~ ..... I7P.
Aldehy des,
Condit lor. 0 Hll2 H311
Am ides H321
Thlckn e In Averag e var oua atzes
Ammon ia and ammon ia compounds
Coal tar deriva tives Fru typksl 45 45 47 51
Essent ial oils Fry typksl 23 24 33 37
Esters Fau typksl . 30
Gasoli ne and grease s e(2tn) typ-percent 24 22 !8 lh
Hydrogen peroxi de Hardne ss, RHN . . 90
Ketones Ill~ Inch thick specim en.
Many roodstu rrs 500 kg load, 10 mm ball.
M1ny neutral aqueous lnorga~tc salt solutio 3.0214 3 Typica l mechan ical proper ties Cor alloy,
ns Table 3, 02143.
Nitric acid above 82%
Nitro psrafCina TABLB 3 02143
Organi c acids and anhydr ides Source 18
Olher petrole um deriva tives and waxes Allnv Al5.lM it0.8M nO.IIX ,;r
Form Average variou s forms
3, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES C':nMirlnn AM 0 Hatr-h ard (H32ll
3.01 SpecUied Mecha nical Proper ties
Thk~neea !n
Ftu. Ul
ksl
..,
Aveng e variou s sizes
51
F,t 23 37
3.02 Mecha nical Proper ties at Room Tempe rature e( ln\ -percenr 24
3.021 16
Tensio n Fsu kat 28 30
3,021!
3,0211 1
Stress -strain diagra ms
Srress -stratn curves in tenalou at room temper
extrusi ons, Fig. 3,021! 1.
ature for .Hardness, BHN
500 Kg load, 10 mm ball
75
___.__ 90
CODE 3303
PAGE 2
NONFERROUS ALLOYS AI'WN
MARCHI965
0.051 to
and nlt~
uu_~
-.:,,
..
Ic;;-ndltlon 0 H321 HJ23 H34J Condition n u "
0.188 0.126 0.625 1.251 0.051 0.051 Thlc>nP.. In :s5.000
Area-so In < 32
Thickness - In o3.000 o0.624 toi.2SO o2.000 tol.OOO ol.OOO
46 44 -.a --,. Flu mln-ksl 31 33 31
Ftu mlnksl 42 46
56 58 63 max-ksl 41 .
max-ksl 53 59 56
36 41 F 1~. mlnksl 12 19 12
mlnksl 19 33 33 31
Fty e( In) or (40)
max-ksl 30 43 43 43 46 l 51
8 a percent 14 12 12
c(2ln)mlnpercent 16 12 12 12
c(2ln)mlnpercent for 0.051 0,125 Ia 6 percent
TABLE 3 02156
I ~nur~
I Allnv Al-5.
120)
1M~~:O.8MnO. IOCr -
~rm ShPP[ nlatl'
Corxlltlon H32l H323 HJ43
0.18810 0.62510 I. 251 to 1.501 to 0.051 to 0,!26 IO 0.051 to 0.126 lo
Thickness In
0.624 l. 250 I. 500 3.000 0.125 0. 246 0. 125 0.249
n1lnksl 46 4(> 44 41 48 48 53 53
Fru 63 ~3
maxksl 59 5~ 56 5~ 58 58
36 41 41
~
mlnksl 33 33 31 29
Fly' 36 46 51 51
max-ksl 46 45 43 43
e(2ln} or (40) percenl 12 12 12 12 ~ 8 ~ 8
CODE 3303
PAGE 3
AIWN NONFERROUS ALLOYS MARCHI965
3, 02158 Mechanical property limits !or rod, extruded bar and 3, 02162 Design percent elongation for alloy, Table 3, 02162.
shapes, Table 3, 02!58,
TABLE 3 02!62
Source 19
TABLE 3 02158
AITDV AIS. lt-11!0. BMn-0. !OCr
Source (3
Alloy Form Sheer -iilare
A!-S.IM2-0. BMn-0. IOCr
Form Condition H343
.~od,
bar and shapes (extruded
Thickness - In 0. OS 1-0. 113 0. 114 -0. 249
Condition ~' Hill H112 H311 e percent 6 8
Thickness - In up rhru 5.000
Area sqln up thru 32
ftu, -mlnksl 42
I I 42 42
I
F 1~, -mlnksl 19 44
26 19 25 3,022 Compression. See Table 3.02161.
e( ln)'mln-percen 16 12 12 12 3.0221 Stress-atraln diagrams
3,02211 Stress ... strain curves in compression at room temperature
or 40 !or extrusion, Fig. 3, 02211,
3,023 lmpscr
3. 02159 Mhank:al property limits for strucrural shapes, 3.024 Bending
Table 3. 02159, 3,025 Torsioo and shear, see Tables 3,0213, 3,02142,
3.02143, 3.[12161.
TABLE 3 02!59 3.026 Bearing. &.. Table 3.02161.
Source c~l 3.027 Stress concentration
Allov AIS.1Mg-0, BMn;!: :OCr _ _ 3.0271 Notch properties
Form Strucrur;tl shllrics 3.0272 Fracture toughness
Condlrlon 0 Hill H112 H311 3,028 Combined properties
I I I
Thlcic:nesfl - In All
ftu mlnksl 31 3) 33 3,03 Mechaok:al Properties at Various Temperatures
F 1 , min-ksl 12 34
21 12 20 3,031 Tensloo
e(llnl'aln-percent 14 12 12 12 3.0311 Stress-strain diagrams
3.0312 Et!ect or low and room remperarure 00 tensile properties
or 40 or sheet In Condition H321, Fig. 3.0312.
3,03!3 Effect or low and l!!evared temperature on tensile
3.0216 Design mechanical properties properties or alloy In Condition 0, Fig. 3,0313.
3,02161 Design mechanical properties for sheet, plate and 3,0314 EUect ollow and room temperature oo tensile properties
extrusions, Table 3, 02161. ol sh- In Conditioo H321, Fig. 3. 0314.
TABLE 3 02161
Source 19
1
Allav Al-5. IM2-0. 8Mn-0.!0Cr
I Fnrm Sheer --plate Extruded bar rods and shaoes
Condition 0 H24 H323 H343 H321 0 H112 HJII
I erno ...,. A In' - - - ,; 32
Thickness In 0.051 to 0.051 ro 0. !26 to 0.051 ro 0,250 to 0,625 ro 1.251 to
2.000 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.624 1.250 2.000 .s 5
lila sis A"
Fru ksl L 42 51 48 53 46 46 44 42 42 42
Fry
T
ksl L
42
19
51
39
48
36
53
41
46
33
45
33
43
31
-
19
42
19
42
25
Fey
T
kSI L
19
19
38
38
34
34
39
39
30
30
29
26
28
24
-
19
19
19
23
22
Fsu ksl
T 19
26
39
30
36
28
41
31
33
27
31
27
29
25
- 19
24
24
24
Fhru
(e/0 1.5) 63 74 70 77 67 67 64 - 59 59
Fhry
(e/0 2,0) 84 97 91 101 84 84 80 - 76 76
(ejO 1.5) 32 55 51 58 46 46 43 34 38
e.
(e/0 2.0)
percent
38
16
62
9
58
8
66
(a)
53
12
53
12
so
12
- 34 42
16 12 12
The value listed In the A column are thoe value which the producer has Indicated to be the minimum he expects
for the given material.
(a) Elongation value for rhl column are to be found In Table 3.02121.
CODE 3303
PAGE 4
-..... ,..,;,..
MARCHI965 NONFERROUS ALLOYS AIWN
3.0315 l!ffect of low aad room temperature 011 tensUe properties 4.0112 RadU for various thlclatessea "t", 90 degrees cold bend
of alloy In Condition H343, Fig. 3.0315. for plate, Table 4. OU2,
3.0316 Effect of law aad room temperature on trausverse aad AI
TABLE 4 0112
lOQgltudlnal tensUe properties ol sheer, Fig. 3. 0316.
3.032 Compressl011
Source 5.1 Mg
Alloy A15.1Mgu~u.~-
3,0321 Stress-strain dl.agrams
3.033 Impact
Form !'late 08 Mn
Condition H 321 Ann
3.034 Bending
3.035 Torsion aad shear. See Table 3.021til.
Thickness In 1 4 to 1 O.IOCr
Bead radius 3 toSt I 2 to4t
3.036 Bearing. See Table 3,02161.
3.037 Stress coocemratioo 5456
4.0113 RadU for various thlclcnesses "t", 90 degrees cold bend
3.0371 Notcl1 prcpertles
3.03711 for sheet aad plate, Table 4.0113.
Effect of law aad room temperature 011 tensUe properties
aad no<ch strength ol plate In Condition H321, Fig. TABLE 4 0113
3,03711. Snurce 20)
3.03712 Effect oll..w aad room temperature on nc.:ch Strength
Allov Al5.1MsrO. 8Mn0.10Cr
ratio of welded sheet In Condition H321, F lg. 3. 03712. Form Sheet, plate
3.03713 l!ffect allow aad room temperature on notch strength Condition 0 H321 H323 H343
ratio of plate In Conditions 0, H32.\, l'lg. 3. 03713, In
3.03714 Effect of law aad room temperature on notch Strength
ratio al sheet ID Condition H321, l'lg. 3.03714.
1/16 . . 11-2! Jt-2t
3.03715 1/8 Ot-lt 2t-3t I 1/2t-3t I 1/lt-31
l!ffect of law aad room temperature on notch strength 3/16 1/2111 3t41 l 1/213 1/21 2!41
ratio of alloy iD Condition H343, Fig. 3,113715.
3.03716 l/4 l/21-1! 3t-4t 2t-4t 1/21-4 l/2
TeoaUe and sharp notch properties of oheet at 75, 320 .
/8 l/211 l/2t 3t-4t
3,03717
and 423F, Fig. 3.03716.
Effect allow aad room temperature on !ensUe properties
, '2 l/2t-2t 3t-4t . -
aad notch strength ol plate In Coadltlon 0, I'Jg. 3.03717.
3.0372 Fracture toughness
3,03721 4.012 To avoid stress-corrosion, this alloy should be re
Effect otlaw and elevat<d temperature on fracture
toughness In Condition H343, Fig. 3. 03721. strleted on the amount of permissible Stra!Jt hardening.
3.038 Cambln<d properties
4.02 Macblnlng aod Grlodlng
3.04 Creep and Creep Rupture Properties 4.021 Soluble cutting oU can be used for most operations but
a kerose~~e-lard oU mixture Ia rccommendod. Grinding of
3.05 Fatigue Properties edges should be avoided. Tumlng operations should be
3.051 Effect of shot peening, hammer peening or thermal CODliDuous. They appear to be tough aad somewhat
stress relief on fatigue life ollongltudlnal butt welda, difficult. The alloy baa a tendency to give gummy
Fig. 3.051. chips In the soft tempers ami buDd up burrs on tools.
3,052 Effect ol ahot peening, hammer peening or thermal. High spe<11 steel cutting tools are satisfactory. The
stress relief on fetlgue life of longitudinal butt welds, following tolerances are recommended for siJJgle point
Fig. 3.052. tools:
3,053 5-N curve for fusion welded sheet specimen at room 20-50 degree top rake,
and law temperature, Fig. 3. 053. 10-20 degree aide rake
3.054 5-N ~urve for fusion welded sheet specimen at room and 8-10 degree cleorance angle
low ,,..,,.erature, Fig. 3.054.
3.0.:t Elastic Properties operating at high speeds aad fiDe to medium feeds.
3.061 Poisson's ratio. 0.33 ,(18).
3.062 Modulus of elasticity. 10.2 x iol ksl, (19). 4.03 Welding
3,0621 Modulus or elasticity at low ard room temperature, 4.031 The allov can be readll; ,.cldcd by lnen-gna consumable
Fig. 3, 0621. clc<"trode and ln..rtgna ttmgsten arc methods.
3.06Z.: ModUlus of elasticity In compression. 10.4 x io3 ksl, Resistance welding can also be applied. Its high weld
(19). strength makes It a suitable choice for high lltrength
weld<d structures, (1).
3,063 ModUlus of rigidity. 3, 75 x Jol ksl, (18).
3.064 Tangent modulus curves at room temperature for 4.032 Fatigue properties of butt welda, sec Section 3. OS.
4.033 Effect allow aad room temperature on weld strength
extrusion In Condition H311, Fig. 3.064.
ratio ol alloy, Fig. 4. 033,
FABRICATION 4.034 Effect allow aad room temperature on tenaUe properties
and notch strength of weld <II plate In Condition 0, Fig.
4.01 FormabUlty 4.034.
4.011 4.035 Effect of law a ad room temperature on tensile properties
Beading a plate at 2t radius requires about 20 percent
of cold work. and no<ch strength ol weld<ll plnte, Fig. 4. 035,
4.0lll 4.036 Effect allow aad elevated temperature on weld stre~
Radii for various thicknesses "t" 90 degrcaa cold bead
for sheet aad plate, Table 4, 0111. ratio al alloy, Fig. 4. 036,
4.037 Elff!Ct of low and room temperature on tenslle prope:nJes
TABLE 4 Dill
Source and weld strength alaheet, Fig. 4.037.
1". 4,038 llffect of low temperature on tenaUe and notch propentes
Allov AIS.IMJI 1.aMn .I r
Form Sheet and Plale of welded sheet, Fig. 4. 038.
Condition 0 H 321 H323
Thickness ID """"
Radll for various thicknesses t' 4.04 Heat Treatmenr.
1/16 . - It-- .. I t J: t 4.041 Hot forming. 400 to 4SOF, the effects ol cold work
It 2. 3t should be nvolded aa well aa residual stre10e1, (see
1/8 0 ~ - 3~t II - 3 t
3/16 J . It 2. 3t + .3ft 2 4 t
4.042
also 1.05).
Stress relief anneal. 425 to 475F, 4 hour a Is recommended
1/4 2- 3t 2 4 l ~- 4jt
3/8 I
' 1t
2t 3 - 4t . - for good resJstauce to stress corroela.
1/2 I 2t 3 41 . - 4,05 Surface Treatment
90 dcsrec cold bend
CODE 3303
PAGE 5
AI ~-
20
"'re UY.I ,......,...,.-......,.A:-I--=s~.l~Mg.,..--=-o.-::BM:-;-n-;-o:-,':':lOC=tr
5.1 Mg
2; 1/SIN SHEET
0.8 Mn CONDmO N H321
re"' 10 MEAN COEF LINEAR ~~~~--r----+--.~L
O.JOCr 2; 'IliERMA L EXPANSION
~ I I oT
9 FROM RT TO TEMP
INDICATED
5456 0
-400 0 400 800 12W
TEMP- F
FIG. 2,014 'IliERMA L EXPANSION (3, p. 41)
50
p>;t-S.lM g:O. 8Mn-O. IOCr
EXTRUSIONS
H311 -L
40 --T
TEMP- F
30
7~
/ ~
- FIG. 3.0312 EFFECT OF LOW AND ROOM
TEMPER ATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF SHEET IN
CONDITION H 3al (4, p. 14)
20
10 I
0
v
0 0.004
TENSIO
I
0.008 0,012
60
AI-5.1Mg -G. 8Mn-O. IOCr
WROUGHT
CONDO
STRAIN - IN PER IN
50
FIG. 3.02111 STRESS-STRAIN CURVES IN
TENSION AT ROOM TEMPER A-
TURE FOR EXT:1USIONS (19)
40
CODE 3303
PAGE 6
80
A15.1Mg-O. 8Mn-D.l0Cr
l/81N SHEE1
A1-S.1MgO. 8Mn-0.10Cr AI
PLATE
--
CONDH321
_. Fro
CONDH321 5.1 Mg
60 80
~ 1\
0.8 Mn
~ li!
:..: O.IOCr
60
~ "TY
5456
eL ""'
20 oT
40
~ 40 e(2 IN)
0
!e 0 Iii
-400
-- 200
TEMP F
0 200
!z:Ill
0
...gj
20
~ AlS.1M~rO.
I/81NSHEET
BMnO.lOCr
"~ Fro
a: 1.10
i=
~
CONDH32.1
eL
OT
60
....... !--.....
... e I. 00 l--"'ct-----+-_..,.'4- "*--l
~ :I:
1.0
~
<
IOOr--r-----r-----r--~~~~~~~ ~ a:
A15, !Mg-D. 8MnO, IOCr
0,063 IN SHEET i= 0.9
(MILA-19842) !iIll
80~~~~~~----1------4----~C~ND~H~3~~~
eT
0 L
eo.s
:I:
o
o
H 321
Kt .. l3.5 TO 15
~
(THEORBTICAL)
40
20 400 200 I) 200
!z:Ill e TEMP F
0
a: FIG. 3.03713 EFFECT OF LOW AND ROOM
...
Ill
0
300 -200 100 0 100 TEMPERATURE ON NOTCH
400 STRENGTH RATIO OF PLATE
TEMP F IN CONDmONS 0, H321
(9, p. 12)
FIG. 3.0316 EFFECT OF LOW AND ROOM TEMPERATURE ON
TRANSVERSE AND LONGITUDINAL TENSILE For specimen configuration see
PROPERTIES OF SHEET (16, 1bl. 11)(22)
Fig. 3. 0382.
C.ODE 3303
PAGE 7
- - - - ...,_ ... ,.,,v
1.
Al-5.1Mg-O, 8Mn-O.U!t:r
AI 1/BINSHE ET
100
Al-5.1Mg~0.8MnO.I0Cr
0 CONDH321
5.1 Mg r:: 0.125 IN SHEET
~ 0,80 ceNDH321
0.8 Mn 80
i5
0.10 Cr 2IZI
~ 0.70
5456 lil
= :.:
~
r < 0.001
0,60 K1., 17 T020
40
0
200 0 200
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03716 TENSILE AND SHARP NOTCH
PROPERTIES OF SHEET AT
75, 320 AND -423F (21)
Al-5.1Mg-O . 8Mn-0,10C r
PLATE
CONDO
Kr-13. 5 TO 15
(TIIEORETICAL
Fro
~ 60~~--.-~~-----~----~
1.00
Al5.1Mg-O. 8Mn0.10C r
COND H343
0 0.90 ./
r::
I
<
"'i5
400 -200 200
2 0.80
IZI
"'Jjj 17 TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03717 EFFECT OF LOW AND R~
J:
/ TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
0,70
CODE 3303
PAGE 8
Al-5. IMg-0. SMnO.IOCr A1-5. l Mg-0. BMn-D. IOCr AI
(_) ...... 0,063 IN SHEET SHEET
19 - (Mn.:,1~984fj
SO CONDH343
5.1 Mg
~
CO H3
0.8 Mn
~ 60~~=-~---4~~~~--
18 :.: 0.10 Cr
e 17
1-a. ~ 5456
~
AXIAL FATIGUE TEST
~
!il
~
w 0 800 11..00 2400 3200
~
16 NUMBER OF CYCLES
eL
Klc FIG. 3.053 SN CURVE FOR FUSION WELDED
oT
SHEET SPECIMEN AT ROCJ.d AND
LOW TEMPERATURE
15 (16, 1. 121, 122)
-400 -300 -200' -100 0 100
Note: Specimen configuration see Fig. 3.054
TEMP- F
FIG. 3.03721 EFFECT OF LOW AND EI...BVATI!D TBMPBRA11JRE
ON FRAC11JRE TOOOHNBSS OF SHEET IN
COI'DmON H343 (16, Thl. 11)
-5.1Mg-O. SMn-0.1 r
CONDH 321 1
60 STRESS RATIO= r.o ---+----1
e
I
HAMMER PEENED
I
SHOT PEBNBD
40 FAILURE OIJISIDE TEST SBCTI
NO FAILURE
-ASWELDI!D
-THERMALLY Sl"RESS RE
A1-5.1Mg-O. SMnO.IOCr
0.063 IN SHEET
CONDH343
MILA19842
!il 2 .\
i )~f\.
.~~J---~~~~--- -
.... E -~--._ ~
0 T I ---c.
NUMBER OF CYCLES 10 L---400L---_~300-----200L-----1~00------0L-----l~OO
CODE 3303
PAGE 9
50
AI-5.1Mg-O. 8MnO. IOCr
AI EXTRUSION
80 AI-5.1MgO. 8MnO.I0Cr
WELDED PLATE
H311 GOND O Kt-13.5 TO 15
5:1 Mg (THEORETICAL)
40
0.8 Mn -L
--T
O.IOCr
5456 Iii
30
'',' 1---
.... .... ~
"' 20
.....
.....
',
10
0 L-_-400.L----200.1.----'o--~200~
0
0 "004 0.008 0.012 TEMP F
20
TEMPF
~
Dl 20
FIG. 4.033 llFFECT OF LOW AND ROG.I
u
TEMPERATURE ON WELD STREf\CTH ..:
Dl
RATIO OF ALLOY (9, p. 12) 0..
0
400 200 0
u.sos
TEMP- F
~ ~
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES AND NOTCH
STRENGTH OF WELDED
PLATE (9, p. 7)
CODE 3303
PAGE 10
MAI'I\.MI:JO:;J
1.0
\ AI-5.1Mg-O. 8Mn-0.10Cr AI
-
' CONDH321, 0
..n. 5.1 Mg
0.9
i5i5 0.8 Mn.
~~
~~~~
If,- O.IOCr
~-'I
0.8
UNNOTCHED 5456
&l~
9:::e
~~~~ 0.7
t' e H 321
0 0
Kt-13.5 TO 15 -
"'I::ll
0:
(THEORETICAL)
I
TEST
~
0.6 -423F (LIQUID HYDROO~~
-320F (LIQUID NITROOEN}
RT
-400 -200 0 200
TEMP- F
FIG. 4.036 EFFECT OF LOW AND ELEVATED
TEMPERATURE ON WELD STRE~nl
RATIO OF ALLOY (9, p. 12)
100
AI-5.1Mg-O. 8Mn-0.10Cr
0.103 IN SHEET
cot-m
H24
li! 80.
:.:
60
40
20
!5tJ
.
gj
0
-400 -200 0 200
TEMP-F
FIG. 4.037 EFFECT 01' LOW AND ROOM
TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE
PROPERTIES AND WELD
STRENGTH OF SHEET
(12, 1bl. 1)
CODE 3303
PAGE II
AI
.....,)
5.1 Mg
0.8 Mn
0.10 Cr
5456
REFERENCES
CODE 3303
PAGE .:r "-
12
'(_}o>
ABBREVIATIONS
APPENDIX A
Kc(nom) Value of Kc based upon initial crack length r Radi~ts
Kc Measure of fracture touglmess at point of RA Reduction In area, Rockwell bAtdr.esu ;
crack growtb instabillty (see Appendix C) scale
Value of Kc for center notch specimen RAC Rapid air cool
based upon computations with measured RB Rockwell hardness B Scale
crack length a Rc Rockwell hardness C Scale
Value of Kc for edge-notch specimen rd Round
based upon computations wth measured RE Rare earths (used in cbemlcal com-
crack length a positions), Rockwell hardness E scale
Kca Value of Kc for center notch specimen R =F min/Fmax Ratio of minimum stress to maximum
based upon computations with estimated stress In fatigue
crack length from So and percent shear REF RIG Refrigerated, refrigeration (cooled to
Kc4 Value of K for edge-notch specimen based low tetupuratures)
0
upon computations with estimated crack Reann Roannealed
length from So and percent shear Recrys Recrystallized
Kr Fatigue notch factor Red
KHN
&'ductlon, reduced
Knoop hardness number Rev Reveme (d)
Kt Initial stress intensity RH Relative hlilllldity
Kn Conditional result used to establish a RMS Surface finish (Root-mean-squl \re
valid Klc value deviation from mean surface, expreased
Krc Plane strain fracture touglmoss In micro-inches (0. 000001 In or square
~ A conditional result root of mean surface)
ksi Thousand pounds per squr.ro Inch Rot Rotating
Kt Theoretical elastic stre~s concentration rpm Revolutions per minute
factor RT Room temperature
Kw Y.llowatt r/t Bond !actor - radius of bend/thlclmess
or material
L I.ongitudlnal
lb Pound s(suhscript) Sucant, sbear
lb per cu in Pounds per cubic inch SA Solution anneal
LT Long transverse (same 88 transverse) sc Sand cast
M Bending :nomunt sec Second
m(subscript) Mean Sect Section
Max Maximum s-N S =Stross, N =Number of cycles
l\feV One million electron volte Spec Specification, Specimen
Me Temperature at which transformation SPT Spring temper
of austenite to martensite Is completed SQ Salt quench
during cooling (Z) sqcm Square centimeter (s)
MIL Milltary sq ft Square foot (feet)
Min Minimum, Min"te sq in Square Inch (es)
Ms Temperature at which transformation ST Solution treat, short transverse
of austenite to martensite starts Std Standard
during cooling (2) Sym Symmetry
jl (mu) Poisson's Ratio, microns unit
T Sbort transverse, at right angles to the
Nom Nominal lengthwise axis of the specimen and the
Norm Normallzo, normal sbortest transverse dimens!on of the
NSR Notched strength ratio (NTS/FTu) matcrinl, Transverse, Temperature - F
NTS ~otched tensile strength (tensile strength t(suhscript) Tangent, tensile
of noi:ched speclm:ns) t Thickness, thne-hr
nVI. Integrated neutron flux (neutrons/ cm2 Tang Tangential
/sec/time) Temp Temperature
typ Typical
OD Outside diameter
OQ Oil quench u(E:uhscript) Ultimate
UNIDIR Unidirectional
Perm Permanent
pll The negative logarithm of the hy'drogen v V sbaped notch
!on activity. It denotes tb.u degree of Vac Vacuum
acidity or basicity of a SQ!ution at 25 e, Vac Ann Vacuum annealed
seven Is the neutral valuE<. Acidity Var Variallle
incre:.ses with decreasing values below VHN VIckers bnrdnesa number
seveL,, httsfulty incroll8ns with lnerell8lng VPN VIckers d! amond pyramid hardness
valu~tl M\lvo sevP.n. number
PMC Permanoot mold cast
ppm Paris per million w Width, Transverse, at right a.ngles to the
Prec Precision lengthwtse axis or the a~imen
w Density, s~lfic weight
Pt Point
PWA WQ Water qu~nch
F"st weld Mh...al
y(subscrlpt) Yield
Q Yr Year (s)
Kr-1 ). Ught wave length
q = Kt-1 Notch sensitivity Index (fatlb'UC)
QMV Powder made from Q. T. pebble with an REFERENCES
!nturmed!ato vacuum annealing I. Definition ta!-.cn from "Engineering Metallurgy" by
L. F. Mundolfo ;md 0. Zmeskal, (1955)
2. Definition taken !ro:n "Metals Handbook", (1948 and 1961) \ ......,......./
R Longitudinal, parallel to the lengthwise 3. United States Steel Co., "Atlas of isothermal Transformation
uxis of the specimen Diagrams", (1951}
APPENDIX A
REVIS:0 : DECEMBER 1969 APPENDIX B.
Sensitizing Developing 11. condition, In stainless Detlnltlon taken trom "Metals Handbook," Vol. I, 8th Edition
steels, which ls susceptible to Inter- (1981)
APPENDIX B
REVISEDMA RCH 1968 APPENDIX c
The reader should observe certain precautions when using nolch In addition, to the commonly employed crack teata discussed above,
data. These data cannot be used to determine load carrying cap- ao-ealled tear tests are aomeUmes uaed to evaluate the crack pro-
acity In service unless there Is a one-to-<Jne correspondence pagation reslatanne or sheet materlo.l. The specimen may be either
between the slu and geometry of the service component and the centrally notched or edge notched and Ia tested In tension. The
notch specimen. The notch strength of different alloy conditions may notches are either fatigue crack tipped or are very sbarp(5)(6).
be compared on a relative basis only II the notch specimens used
are of the same size and notch geometry. While a comparison of The energy for crack propagation Is derived from a load deformation
smooth and notch strength for a given alloy may give eome Idea of (head moven1ent) curve and this value divided by the net area Ia
the effecta of etress concentration, Information obtained for one reported as the Unit Propagation Energy. Testa of th1s type are
notch geometry and epecimen slu cannot be used to Judge the re- often uaed to evaluate tough oheet o.lloya of relatively low yield
aponae of the material to a different notch geometry or specimen strength. However, the propagation energies are often difficult to
size. Interpret and are not clearly related to the strength values derived
from the more commonly employed crack opecimena. For this
For these reasona data from mildly notched speclmena has boon reason tear teot Information 11 not genero.lly reported In this Hand-
given only a limited amount of attention In the Handbook. book.
APPENDIX C
PAll! I
APPENDIX c REVISED MARCH 1968
n,2 __
'f' iT~ . /[V 1 _ c2 -a2
c2
] Stn2 9 d9
to report Klc data only when such data Is derived from tests which
conform In all Important respects to the ASTM R. P.(12).
REFERENCES
with. c being the half crack length and a the crack depth. Values
of q; 2 can be obtained from tables of elliptical Integrals or from
1. J. E. Srawley and W. F. Brown, Jr.: "Fracture Tough-
reference (9). Some Investigators prefer to Incorporate a crack ness Testing Methods", ASTM STP 381,1965, p. 133.
Up plsstlc zone correction Into the crack size index Wid ex1>ress 2. Proposed Recommended Practice Cor Sharp Notch Tension
the crack size us a/Q whore Tc,stlng of lllgh Strength Matorlals, ASTM Standards,
~t/]
2 Part 31, May 1967, p. 945.
Q =[ - 0.212
3. "Screening Tests for lllgh Strength Alloys Using Sharply
Notched Cylindrical Specimens", Fourth Report of a
Special ASTM Committee, Materials lwsearch Wid
with c1 being the gross stress of the specimen at failure. This Is Standards, Vol. 2, No. 3, March 1962, p.196.
a highly approximate correction to rh 2 that Is In most cases rather 4. D. Brock: "The Residual Strength of Cracked Sheet Wid
small. For thea~ reasons plots In lhts HMdbook generally show Structures", NLR TM M2135, National Lucht-cn
as a function of a/(/; 2 rather than a/Q. Ruimtevllllrtlo.boro.torlum, National Aero and Astruta.iltl-
cal Research Institute, Amsterdam, August 1964.
While tho Interpretation of surface crack strength data requires 5. W. F. Brown, Jr.: "Mechanical Screening Tests for
considerable experience, this test has proven very useful In model- Sheet Alloys", Proceedings, Seventh Sagamore Ordnance
Ing the typo of flaw frequently encountered In service and permitt- Materials ltccaroh Conference, Syracuse University
Ing estimates of crlticul flaw sizes without resort to a fracture Rosearoh Institute, 1960.
mechMics analysis. As will be discussed In tho next section, the G. J. G. Ko.ufmM and ~l.trshall Holt: "Fracture Charnctor-
test Is particularly valuable where the thickness of the component lstics of Aluminum Alloys", Alcoa Research Laboratories
may be Insufficient to permit an analysis by linear clastic fracture TP No.l8, Alcoa Pitts. Po.1965.
mechMics. 7. C. D. Beachem and J. E. Srawley: "Fracture Tests of
Surface Cracked Specimens of AlliS 6434 Steel Sheet",
PLANE STRAIN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS NRL Memo, ltepurt 1097, Sept. lOCO.
The I<Jrn1 fracture toughness Is used In this handbook to dcslgnato: 8. G. lt. Irwin: "Crack Extension Force for a Part Through
an Index of static crack propagation resistance that Is obtained by Crack In a Plate", Journal of Appliod Mechanics Vol.
testing specimens containing cracl::. and which Is Invariant In re- 84E, No. l, 1962.
spect to specimen size and the manner of applying the external 9. "The Slow uro\\1h Wid Rapid Propagation of Cracks:
loads. The basis for such WI Index has been the linear elastic Second R~po1t of a Special ASTM Committee", Materials
crack stress Malysls approach suggested by lrwtn(IO). This &search and Standards, Vol. 1, No.5, May1961, p. 389.
B!Jproach directs attention to the elastic stress singularity at tho 10. G. lt. Irwin: "Fracture Strengths Relative to the Onset
crack tip which Is characterized by the stress Intensity factor K, and Arrest of Crack Propagation", Proc. ASTM Vol. 58,
whore K Is a function of tho applied load, crack size and geometry 195&, p. 640.
of the specimen containing the crack. Fracture Is assumed to 11. w. F. Brown, Jr. Wid J. E. Srawley: "PIWle Strain
occur when K reaches a critical value. Thls concept has proven Crack Toughness Testing of 111gb Strength Materlsls",
very useful !<> fracture testing and design analysis but Is somewhat ASTM STP 410, 1966.
more Umt~ :n Ita application than was first thought. 12. "Ilecommended Practice for PIWle-5traln Fracture
Toughness Testing of 111gb Strength lllctnlltc Materlsla
These limltnUc:>ns are discussed In a recent publication by Brown Using a Fatigue Cracked Bend Specimen", to be publlahed
and Srawloy (11). They arise because K Is derived from a two- ASTIII Book of Standards, 1968, Pt. 31.
dimensional iJnear elastic Wlnlysla Wid then used to characterize 13. J. E. Srawley, Ill. 11. Jones, Wid w. F. Brown, Jr.
the fracture be'aavlor of three-dimensional real materials that "Determination of PIWle Strain Fracture Toughnosa",
often exhibit substantial amounts of plastic flow In the region of Materials ltesearch Wid Standards, Vol. 7, No. 6,
the crack tip. However, It has been shown(!!) that If this region p. 262.
APPENDIX C
PAGE 2
REVISED: DECEMBER 1971 APPENDIX 0 AEROSPACE STRUCTURAL METALS HANDBOOK
APPENDIX 0
~ 4) 1971, Bctllour Stulen, Inc.
DESIGNATION VOLUME CODE DESIGNATION VOLUME CODE
1. (AMS (Corrosion p.nd Heat Resistant Alloys) cont'd) (AMS (Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys) cont'd)
5382B 3 4305 56160 1 1407
5384 3 4206 5620B 1 1402
5387 3 4304 5621 1 1402
5388B 3 4110 5628B 1404
5389A 3 4110 5630C 1 1405
5390 3 4112 5631 1 1405
5398A 1 1501 5632B 1 1405
55040 1 1401 5636A 1 1301
5505 1401 5637A 1 1301
5506 1402 5639A 1 1303
5508 1 1407 5640F 1302
5509 a 4109 5641A 1 1302
&510H 1 1308 5642C 1 1302
5511A 1 1303 5643E 1 1501
5512B 1 1309 5644A 1 1502
5513 1 1303 5645G 1 1308
5514A 1 1304 5646E 1 1309
55150 1 1301 5647A 1 1303
5516E 1 1301 5648C 1 1307
55170 1301 5649 1 1307
5518C 1 1301 56510 1 1305
5519E 1301 5652B 1 1306
5520A 1 1503 5657 1 1503
5521B 1 1305 5660A 3 4107
5522B 1306 5665F 3 4101
5524B 1307 5667F 3 4105
5525B 1 1601 56680 3 4105
5526C 1 1311 5669 3 4105
5527A 1 1311 5671 3 4105
5528A 1 1502 5673A 1 1502
5529A 1 1502 5680B 1 1309
5530C 3 4110 5681A 1309
5531 1 1602 5685C 1 1304
5532B 1 1602 5686A 1 1304
5533A 1 1603 5687C 3 4101
5534A 3 4303 5688C 1 1301
5536C 3 4112 5689 1 1308
5537B 3 4302 5690E 1307
5538 1 1311 5691B 1 1307
5539 1311 5694B 1 1305
5541A 3 4104 5695A 1305
5542G 3 4105 5697 1 1303
5543 1 1609 5698B 3 4105
5545 3 4205 5699B 3 4105
5546 1 1504 5712 3 4205
5547A 1 1505 5713 3 4205
5548A 1 1504 5720A 1311
5549B 1 1505 5721B 1 1311
55 50 A 3 4102 5722A 1 1311
5551 3 4202 5723 1 1311
5554 1 1504 5724 .1. 1311
5556A 1 1309 5725A 1 1606
5557A 1 1308 5727B 1 1606
5558 1 1309 5728B 1 1606
5559A 1 1308 5729 1 1311
55600 1 1303 5731A 1 1601
55650 1 1303 5732A 1 1601
5566C 1 1303 5733B 1605
5568 1502 5734 1 1601
5570G 1 1308 5735E 1 1601
5571B 1 1309 573GB 1 1601
5572B 1305 5737B 1601
5573C 1 1307 5738 1302
5675F 1 1309 5741B 1609
5576C 1308 5742 3 4107
5S77A 1305 5743C 1 1505
5579 1 1311 5745 1 1504
5580C 3 4101 5746 3 4109
5582 3 4105 5750 3 4110
5585 1 1602 5751 3 4206
55910 1 1401 5753 3 4206
5594 1 1505 57540 3 4112
5596A 3 4103 5756 3 4202
5598 3 4105 5757 3 4202
5610E 1 1401 5759B 3 4302
5612 1 1401 576SA 3 4303
5613E 1401 5768E 1 1602
5614 1 1401 5769 1602
APPENDIX D
~ 1Q'71 'RAlrnn'l'" ~h1l.-n Tn.-
AEROSPACE STRUCTURAL METALS HANDBOOK REVISED DECEMBER 1971
APPENDIX D
REVISED DECEMBER 1971 AEROSPACE STRUCTURAL METALS HANDBOOK
APPENDIX D
PAt:U: t: 0 1971, Belfour Stulen. Ill"-