EBAOMO nANEAAHNIO LYNEAPIO

AIAXEIPILH KAI B E A T I O L H DAPAKTIftN ZfiNQN

A 0 H N A , 20 - 22 N O E M B P I O Y 2017

E I L H r H L E I L EYNEAPIOY
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46,7 xAp. Aswip. AGnvwv Souvtou, 190 13 Avdpuoooq A T O K T I , Tr|L +30 22910 76369
email: chanagCcChcmr.gr, fkarathanasird)hcmr.gr
^ Sxo^9 NauuTiywv Mx\x/y()iv M T I X / K W V (S.N.M.M.), E G V I K O MEXoopio noAuxexveio
(E.M.n.), Hpwrov noAuxexvEiou 5, 157 30 Zcoypdipou, x^k. +30-210772-1103
email: kbel(d)fluid.mech.ntua.gr, floradXmail.ntua.gr

HEPIAHT'H

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421
 C O A S T A L EROSION IN T H E SITIA C R E T E BAY -
R E H A B I L I T A T I O N OF T H E COAST BASED ON NOURISHMENT
T E C H N I Q U E S AS AN A L T E R N A T I V E TO HARD W O R K
INTERVENTIONS

C. Anagnostou', Research Director, I.O., H.C.M.R.

K . Belibassakis^ Associate Professor, S.N.A.M.E., N.T.U.A.
F . K a r a t h a n a s i ' ' \ PhD candidate, S.N.A.M.E., N.T.U.A., Research
Associate, I.O. H.C.M.R.

' Institute of Oceanography (I.O.), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.),
46,7 k m Athens-Sounion Ave., 190 13 Anavyssos A t t i k i , tel. +30 22910 76420,
email: chanagCa h c m r . g r , fkarathanasi(ahcmr.gr
^ School o f Naval Architecture and Marine Eng., (S.N.A.M.E.), National Technical
University o f Athens (N.T.U.A.), 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 157 30 Zografou, Greece,
tel.. +30-210772-1103, email: kbel(d;fluid.mech.ntua.gr , tfora(d)mail.ntua.gr

ABSTRACT

The coast of Sitia bay has been under erosion and retreat o f its coastline for several years.
The main causes o f coastal erosion are anthropogenic. The steady coastline retreat
reached the substructure o f the coastal road, the waves corroded the substructure and
destroyed it. The need for intervention was created. Structure protection problems (road
substructures, houses, etc.) and eroded beaches are to date addressed mainly by the so-
called "hard measures", which include cast o f large rock blocks in various configurations
(groynes, detached breakwaters, stone revetments on shore).
On the contrary to this approach, there is the alternative of understanding coastal
dynamics and applying a solution that is fully adapted with this dynamic of the coast.
In the present work, solutions are presented with the basic principle of adapting to the
dynamics and functions of nature. Coastal observations, coastal micro-topography
assessment w i t h cross-shore sections at the beach, collection of sediment samples and
grain size analyses were made. Loss o f alluvial material was estimated from the
disruption o f the natural balance due to anthropogenic interventions, and the volume o f
materials required for beach nourishment was calculated. The area for taking the
appropriate material for the artificial nourishment, and the locations and the rate o f
deposition are indicated. The ambitious goal of this mode of intervention, w h i c h is the
town to gradually acquire the beach of the post-war years and preserve it in the future, is
highlighted.

422
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TiapdKxiou xtopou, x\ yECopop(po>.oyla, xo uSpoypayiKd 51KXUO, O I K>.ipaxoX,oyiK6; (7UvGf|KE;
aXX6 Kai r| (puxoKd^-uyq Eivai napdyovxE; Jiou O U V X E X O U V OXT|V 7tapaycoyf| yaGupwv uX,vK(bv
ajio xa jtExpwpaxa xou yE(o>.oyiKou uaxoPdGpou, oxqv pExayopd x o u ; Kai oxriv xpocpoSooia
xcov aKxcbv pE auxd. T o yE(o>.oyiK6 ujtdpaGpo KaGopi^Ei Ejtioii; xqv pop(po>.oyia xx\q
TtEpioxfi; aXXa Kai x i ; p o p y s ; xou uSpoypacpiKou S I K X U O U . A J I 6 x i ; pEXECopo^oyiKE;,
K^ipaxiKE; TiapapExpou; oppavxiKE; Eivai o i PpoxonxcboEi;, TIOU jcpoodiSouv SuvapiKfj
oxo uSpoypacpiKO Skxuo Kai o i dvEpoi jiou Eivai xo yEVEoioupyo aixio y i a x o u ;
Kupaxiopou;.

423
 O pTiyovicpdc iu9TnoTic TCOV yaAapmv D A I K A V OTTIV C K X T I : H 5wapiKf| KataoxaoTi
XT|; edXaooa; Kaxd pf|Ko; xcov aKxwv sivai o KaGopioxiKo; Ttapdyovxa; jva. vr\v 6iuGxr|OTi
xcov TcpoocpEpopEvcov cpEpxwv uAcov. H SwapiKT) auxf| E^apxdxai Kai card opiopEVE;
pEXECopoAoyiKE; oi)vGr|KE; (PapopExpiKd SutoAa, dvEpo;). O avEpoyEvr|; Kupaxiopd; Eivai
o oripavxiKoxEpo; Ttapdyovxa; xr|; 5ovapiKf|;, nov SiapopcpcovEi xi; aKxeq.
Exo Eyfipa 1 cpaivovxai oAa xa cpuoiKd yapaKxiipioxiKd xou 5i)vapiKoi3 ouoxfipaxo;
pia; TipooxcooiyEvou; vdnov aKxf|;: a) r| popcpoAoyla xri;, xpr|paxojtoiripvr| O E
ujtoGaAdooia K O I xspoaia napaWa, p) r\ i)5po6ovapiKfi xr|;, oxqv onoia SiaKpivovxai q
i^wvri Gpauori; xou Kupaxiopou, r\ Cfbvr\ a7t6opEof|; xou, r\ ^6vr| SiaPpoxG;, y) xo SiaKpixd
cruoxripa xr|; aioAiKxi; 6uvapiicr|;, 5) x) Kaxavopf] xou EVEpyEiaKou SuvapiKou oxr|v ^cbvcooii
xr|; TiapotAia;, K O G W ; K O I E ) r| avxioxoixri xa^ivdprioTi xcov i^rjpdxcov.
YSpayAmq Guvapisn AiOAtKfi

Zujvr; zravn ZtiJVFJ Ziiivn

ef>oOari^ 6cppoxn? Bivuiu
KUtJariOrpDU

YwoeoAoCTCTfa TrapcAict Xcpoaia TiopaAfo

ENEPrEiA
cu^ciVPpEVt! pryi'sTTrj ucjEnAti pETapAri?!^ aioAiKfi

TASiNOMHEH IZHMATDN
TcoAu KsAn

Exfjpa 1. T a yuoiKd yapaKxripioxiKd xou SuvapiKou ouoxfipaxo; xri; aKxf|;

Figure 1. The physical characteristics of the dynamic systems of coasts

E ' auxd xo noiKiAo Kai TXOAUTXAOKO cpuoiKd cjuoxiipa "EKXovwvExai" r\ SuvapiKf) xou
Kupaxiopou. H anoKaxdoxaori auxou xou TtoAunAoKOu yuoiKou ouoxfipaxo;, oxi; GfeoEi;
djtou Eyei SiaxapayGEt Adyco ovGpconoyEvwv napEpPdoECov, anoxEAEi XTIV ocbcppova Tipd^ii
xou avGpwTtou. H ajtoKaxEoxtipevrj jtapaAia anoxEAEi Kai xov KaAuxEpo "KupaxoGpauoxxj"
yia XTIV SiaxfiprioTi uipioxdpEvcov TiapaAiaKcbv ujio5opci)v. Auxf] xj Auori EvxdooExai oxriv
(piAooocpia XT); jipooappoyfj; xcov avGpwjtcov oxriv 6uvapiKf| xii; ipuorj;, oxov avxuioSa xcov
vooxpomwv dxi o ctvGpcojto; pE xa xEyviKd xou spya pnopEi v a dapd^Ei xii (puoii.

3. H MEOOAOAOriA

H pEGoSoAoyfa, J I O U )(px]oiponoif\Qi\Ke oxa jiAaioia xr|; Jtapouoa; Epyaola;

jTEpiAapPdvEi jiapaxtipfjOEi; auxoyla; xcov aKx6v avaxoAiKd xri; jidArj; xr|; ErixEia;,
EpyaoiE; xojioypaipiKfj; ajioxuncooii; xr|; aKxf|; pE EyKdpoiE; Jipo; xriv aKxfj 5iaxop^;. M E
XTIV X P G O G pExpoxaivia;, PaGpovopripdvcov SipExpcov Kovxapiwv Kai opi^ovxiop^xpriori pE
Pdoq xov opt^ovxa oxo dpio GdAaooa; - axpdocpaipa; ajtorujicbGiiKav piKpo-xojioypayiKd
XapaKxripioxiKd xou ujioadpiou xpfjpaxo; xri; aKxfi;. To cxvdyAuyo xou ujioGaAdooiou
xpfjpaxo; xri; aKxfi; ajioxujccbGiiKE pE xriv XPG^^G pExpoxaivla; yia xriv ouidoxaori Kai

424
PaGpovopripevou Kovxapiou yia xr|v pexprjor) xou pdGou;. M E pdoii xa apiGprixiKd
6E5opdva Ttou ouyKEvxpd)GriKav aiio x i ; pExpfjOEi; oxESidoxriKav o i xoiioypaipiK^; Siaxop^;.
H EKxiprjori x r i ; ancoAEia; JipooxcooiyEvwv uAiKcbv, aito xo Siaxapaypsvo Adyto
avGpwjtoyEvwv jiapEpPdoEcov loo^uyio, 6yivE pE ouyKpiori p i a ; Siaxopfj; npoax&aiyevovq
aKxfi; pE x i ; 6iaxop6; x r i ; oxeSdv TiAfipou; ajiwAEia; xwv aKxdiv Adyco Sidppcoori;. H
ouyKpioTi auxfi EJiixpETtEi Kai xov ujtoAoyiapd xou dyKou xcov uAiKfbv TIOU anaixouvxai y i a
pia OTipavxiKTi avaTiAfipcoori x q ; aKxfi;. H EKxipriori x r i ; Tioidxrixa; xcov uAiKcbv xcov aKxcov
(uTioaEpio Kai ujioGaAdooio xpfipa auxwv) dyivE Kax' a p x d ; pE ojixiKd xpdiio Kai xa uAiKd
XapaKxripioxriKav co; KpoKdAAE;, aSpopEpq; d p p o ; , AETixdKOKicn d p p o ; K O I nAaKwSEi;
oxiipaxicpoi aKxoAlGcov (beach rocks). T y i v a v SEiypaxoAqii/iE; i^qpdxcov xdoo oxriv
jiapaAia doo Kai oxov ujioGaAdooio xo>po (peXPi ^9^ puGopExpiKi) xcov 15 m) Kai
aKoAouGrioav KOKKopExpiKs; avaAuoEi; auxwv xcov 5Eiypdxcov.

4. AnOTEAEEMATA

4.1. A K T E E A N A T O A I K A T H E H O A H E T H E EHTEIAE - nEPirPA4)H - A Y N A M I K H

Or aKXE; x r i ; jidAri; x r i ; ErixEia; opioGEXouvxai co; Evialo ouoxripa and xo Aipdvi x r i ;

TidAii; x r i ; ErixEia; oxa 5uxiKd, co; xr\v PpaxcoSr] s^apori (piKpi) x^podvijoo;) oxa
avaxoAiKd, (Exqpa 2). HpdKEixai y i a Eva pfiKo; aKxi); x r i ; xd^Eco; xcov 2.250 m. H aKxi)
xpocpoSoxEixai pE (pEpxE; U A E ; ajiapalxrixE; y i a xriv Siapdpcpcoori npooxcooiyEvou; JiapaAIa;
Kupico; and Eva noxapoxEipappo pE oripavxiKfi; EKxaoii; AEKOCVTI anoppoi); Kai
a^iooripEtoxri pExacpopiKxi iKavdxiixa O E xoAapd cpEpxd uAiKd.

Exfjpa 2 . To Evialo ouoxiipa x i i ; aKxi); xou 'Oppou x r i ; ErixEia; (apioxEpd) Kai q

xptiparonoiiiofi x r i ; 1^^ ^Gv SiEUKdAuvoii x r i ; nEpiypacpii; ( 5 E ^ i d )
F i g u r e 2 . The coast of Sitia bay (left). Segmentation to facilitate the description (right)

E E auxd O U V X E I V O U V XO oxexvKd EUKoAo-Sidppcoxo xcov yEcoAoyiKOov oxxipaxiopcbv x r i ;

AfiKdvri; anoppoij; KaGcb; Kai xo E V X O V O avdyAucpd x i i ; . H aKxi) Eivai E K X E G E I P E V T I oxriv
EnldpaoTi xcov EniKpaxouvxcov B A - B avEpcov Kai xcov avxioxoixcov Kupaxiopwv pE nooooxd
KaxEuGuvoECOV xcov avEpcov oxri GdAaooa pdpEia xou D p p o u x r i ; EiixEia; 48-52% xo
4>Givdncopo, 41-46% xo XEipcova, 35% xriv Avoi^ri Kai 36-39% xo KaAoKatpi (Soukisian el

425
al., 2007). To w ; dtvto (xvepoAoyiKd KaOeoxdx; O U V X E A E I oxq 5r|pioupyia Kupaxiopou pE
OTipavxiKd u y o ; Kupaxo; yia xo dhOivdnwpo Kai xo XEipwva xx); xd^xi; xcov 2,5 - 3,5 m Kai
y i a xriv Avoi^ri Kai xo KciAoKaipi x q ; x d ^ q ; xcov 1,5 - 2,5 m. H xspodvqoo;, J I O U opioOEXEi
xov D p p o x q ; EqxEia; and xa SuxiKd, jipooxaxEUEi xo 5uxiKd xpqpa xou D p p o u ajtd xqv
KaxEuOEiav Jtpdojixwoq xou Kupaxiopou xtov B A K u p t o ; KaxEuOuvoEtov, o o j i o i o ; pdAioxa
utploxaxai p i a piKpq jiEpiOAaoq. DjtoiooSqjioxE Jiapdyovxa; (tpuoiKd; q avOpoojioyEvq;)
Siaxapd^Ei auxq xqv 5uvapiKq looppojtia, 6a Xi oav ouvsjiEia xqv jipdoxcooq q didpptooq
x q ; aKxq; avdAoya pE xov xujio Siaxdpa^q;. Sxq ouvEXEia yivExai xpqpaxiKd, ajid 5uxiKd
j i p o ; xa avaxoAiKd, JiEpiypatpq xcov aKxwv xou D p p o u x q ; JtdAq; x q ; ZqxEia; ( P A . Exqpa 2).
T M H M A a): Ajid xov avaxoAiKd pdAo xou Aipotviou pdxpi xqv E K P O A I ) X O U Kupiou
jioxapoxEipdppou: Exo xpqpa auxd x q ; aKxq; 6iaKpivoupE p i a jipooxwoiyEvq jtapaAia
ajtootpivoupEvq and xa SuxiKd n p o ; xa avaxoAiKd. Exo 8uxiKd dKpo xo Eupo; x q ; napaAta;
(pxdvEi xa 30 m nEpinou Evto oxa avaxoAiKd xa 10 m nEplnou. EuyKpivovxa; EiKdvE;
SiatpopExiKWV AqyEwv napaxqpoupE p i a SiapKq au^qoq xou Eupou; x q ; aKxq; oxa 5uxiKd
Kai p i a piKpq aAAd aioOqxq pEiwoq xou Eupou; x q ; aKxq; oxa avaxoAiKd. E r a 5uxiKd xo 22
m EUpo; aKxq; xo 2002 stpxaoE xa 32 m xo 2015. E r a avaxoAiKd avxioxoixa xo 15 m Eupo;
aKxq; xo 2002 dxEi tpxdoEi xa 11 m xo 2015. H anootpivtooq xou Eupou; x q ; aKxq; and xa
SuxiKd n p o ; xa avaxoAiKd KaxaSEiicvuEi p i a pExaKivqoq xwv uAiKtbv and xa ctvaxoAiKd
n p o ; xa 6uxiKd. T a uAiKd ouvioxavxai and appwSq Kai KpoKaAAwSq ouoxaxiKd.
T M H M A b): A n d xqv E K P O A I ) X O U noxapoyEipdppou pdxpi xov E A E U O E P O X(hpo
oxdOpEuoq; oxqpdxwv: K a i oxo 5EuxEpo xpqpa x q ; aKxq; 6iaKp(vExai p i a anooiplvcooq xou
Eupou; x q ; and xa 5uxiKd n p o ; xa avaxoAiKd. H aKxoypappq ixei unoxcopqoEi and 22 m xo
2002 oxa 15 m xo 2015 (duxiKd) Kai and 10 m xo 2002 oxa 6 m xo 2015 (avaxoAiKd).
T M H M A c): A n d xov E A E U O E P O y&po oxdOpEuoqc auxoKivqxcov pE/pi xqv Epcpdvioq
napdKxirov nAaKwv (beach rocks): Exo xpixo xpqpa q npooxwoiyEvq; aKxq Eivai eva piKpd
undAeippa p i a ; naAaidxepq; napaAla;. H SidPpwoq x q ; aKxq; elvai npoxtopqpdvq. D
x o l x o ; avxioxqpi^q; xou 6pdpou anEiAeixai and xqv KupaxiKq Spdoq.
T M H M A d): O napdKxio; xwpo;. nou xapaKxqplCexai and xqv evxovq epcpdvioq
napdKxiiQV nAaKcov: To avaxoAiKdxepo xpqpa x q ; aKxq; xctpaKxqpl^exai and xqv eptpdvioq
napaAiaKcbv nAaKwdwv oxqpaxioptbv (beach rocks). Exqpaxl^ovxai Kdxto and x i ;
napcxAiaKe; d p p o u ; Kai SqAwvouv dxi oxq ^tbvq auxq q aKxoypappq exEi unoxwpqoEi Adyco
6idpp(ooq; nepinou Kaxd 70-90 m. Eqpepa o i nAdKe; enixeAouv xov pdAo KupaxoOpauoxq.

4.2. B A E I K E E A I T I E E A I A B P Q E H E E T H N A K T H T D Y D P M D Y T H E E H T E I A E

llepav xwv Eni8pdoE(ov xwv AipeviKwv epywv, Kupio; Adyo; yia xqv evxovq 8idPpcooq
xwv aKXWV xou D p p o u x q ; Eqxeia; eivai o i 8iapKEl; napepPdoei; xou avOpwnou: a) mo
avmrjpa xpoipodoaiaq xtjq aKxriq pe (pepxeq vXeq KM P) mo evepyo xpr/pa xpq napaliaq, onov
avvxeXeixM rj eKxovaxrri xov Kvpaxiapov (PA. KapaOavdoq K . a . 2017). Exo noxapoxEipdppio
ouoxqpa xpo(po8ooia; xcov aKxwv pe (pepxe; U A E ; undpxouv oopape; avOpconoyevEl;
napepPdoEi; pe oqpccvxiKdxEpq xqv KaxaoKEuq Aipvo8E^apEvq; pe uAiKd and xqv evepyd
Kolxq xou noxapou aAAd Kai x i ; 8iapKEi; appoAqyle; xcov evepytov anoOeoecov xou
noxapou, xcov U A I K W V nou enpene va cpxdvouv oxqv aKxq Kai v a 8qpioupyouv napaAla
KaOto; Kai x i ; 8iapKEl; udpoAqyle; and xov noxapd, o i onoie; a8uvaxi^ouv xqv pexacpopiKq
xou iKctvdxqxa. Eia xqv KaxaoKEuq xou 8pdpou xpqoiponoiqOqKE x<8po? t q ; napaAla; Kai o
x o l x o ; avxioxqpi^q; xou 8pdpou cpxidxxqKE enl xou evepyou xpqpaxo; x q ; napaAla;. M e xqv

426
 1

unoxwpqoq x q ; aKxq; o icupaxiopd; eyxaos xov xolxo ccvxiaxqpi^q;. H avdKAaoq xou oxov
xolxo avxioxqpv^q; O U V X ^ A E O E oxqv Ejcixdxuvoq x q ; SidPpcooq; x q ; aKxq;.

4.3. METPHXEIS FIA T H N n O E O T I K O H O I H E H THE AHQAEIAE, AOEQ THE

AIABPQEHE, T Q N OPOEXQEIFENQN E Y E T A T I K Q N THE A K T H E

H a v a undp^Ei eva |XExpqoipo peyEeo; y i a xqv anwAeia xcov npooxcooiyevwv U A I K W V

Adyco 5idPp(ooq;, oxqv axxq xou 'Oppou x q ; Eqxeia;, eyivav x^ooepei; piKpo-xonoypacpiKe;
anoxunwoEi; oe xope; eyKdpoia rtpo; xqv aKxoypappq (Exqpa 3 ) . O i epyaole; 7ie51ou
eAaPav x ^ p a xov Auyouoxou xou 2 0 1 6 .

I A5(Xiiit|9d? iwo?
! ActnditoKKii d$i)joc

tlAdKi^ oKToAiawv (beach r o c k s )

E x q p a 3. MiKpo-xonoypacpla Kai noidxqxa xcov ouoxaxiKcbv x q ; napaAla; Kaxd p q K o ;

xEoodpcov Siaxopcbv ( I - I V , endvco apioxepd), o i Oeoei; auxcbv oxov ^vOexo x6pzr\ (Kdxco
apioxepd). Kdxco Se^id xo undpvqpa x q ; noidxqxa; xcov ouoxaxiKwv. Endvco Se^id
anoxuncbvExai xo eAAeippa xcov UAIKOOV O X I ; O ^ O E I ; I I , I I I K O I I V oe ouyKpioq pe xq Oeoq I .
Figure 3. Coastal micro-topography and quality o f beach components along the four cross-
sections ( I - I V , top left), their locations is shown in the inserted map (bottom left). B o t t o m
right the legend of the quality of the beach materials. In the right panel, the beach volume
deficit in sections I I , I I I and I V in comparison to section I

427
 H T O M H I jtepiAappdvEi pia unoa^pia npooxooiYEvfi jiapaAia Eupou; nepinou 1 8 m
Kai peyioTOU u y o u ; OTO opio pe TOV KpqniSoxoixo 1,7 m. T a ouoxaxiKd x q ; unoaepia;
napaAia; xapotKxqpi^ovxai w ; appd)6q pe KpoKdAe; oxo evepyo opio x q ; aKxoypappq;. To
unoOaAdooio xpqpa napouoid^ei xov xctpoiKxqpioxiKO avaPaOpd and xo p d 9 o ; xcov 50 cm
eco; xo pdOo; xcov 180 cm, o o x q p a x i o p d ; xou onoiou ocpeiAexai oxqv Opauoq xou
Kupaxiopou. H andxopq KAioq xou avapaOpou aAAd Kai xo pdOo; xcov 180 cm SqAcbvouv
xqv unap^q evxovcov Kupaxiopwv oxqv nepioxq. Avxioxoixa eivai Kai xa ouoxaxiKd x q ;
^cbvq; xou avaPaOpou, peydAe; Kai piKpe; KpoKdAe; KaOcb; Kai aSpopepq; d p p o ; . Oepav
xcov 180 cm xo avdyAucpo oxe5dv eninedonoieixai (pexpi xqv andoxaoq xcov 40 - 45 m and
xqv aKxoypappq). Exa uAiKd a u x q ; x q ; C^vq; eniKpaxei q AenxdKoiacq dppo;. H T O M H I ,
av Kai 6ev pnopei v a OecopqOel evxeAcb; cpuoiKq, eneiSq napouoid^ei unoadpio xpqpa
oqpavxiKou eupou;, xpqoiponoielxai co; xopq avacpopd;, npoKeipevou v a pexpqOel q
ancoAeia npooxcooiyevou; napaAla; oxqv eupuxepq ^cbvq xou dppou.
H T O M H I I xapaKxqpl^exai and p i a unoaepia napaAla eupou; pdAi; 4 m nepinou,
pexpi xov KpqniSdxoixo. T a ouoxaxiKd x q ; oxevq; ^dovq; x q ; unoaepia; n a p a A l a ; elvai
aSpdKOKKq d p p o ; Kai KpoKdAe;. To unoOaAdooio xpqpa napouoid^ei xov xapaKxqpioxiKd
avaPaOpd and xa 50-180 cm pdOo; pe xa avxioxoixa uAiKd, dnco; Kai oxqv T O M H I . H p o ;
xa PaOuxepa o puOd; elvai oxeSdv enlneSo; Kai anoxeAelxai and AenxdKoiocq dppo.
Exqv T O M H I I I q aKxoypappq xauxl^exai pe xq pdoq xou Kpqni6dxoixou, 5ev undpxsi
8qA. unoaepia napaAla. To unoOaAdooio xpqpa napouoid^ei xov xap<LKxqpioxiKd
avaPaOpd and xa 50-180 cm pdOo; pe uAiKd KpoKdAe; oe Sidcpopa peyeOq aAAd Kai xqv
epcpdvioq nAaKcodcbv oxqpaxiopwv (aKxoAlOcov) and xo pdOo; xcav 100 cm Kai n p o ; xa
PaOuxepa, dnou o PuOd; ylvexai enlneSo; Kai anoxeAelxai and AenxdKOKKq dppo
H T O M H I V xapaKxqpl^exai and puOd nou anoxeAelxai and nAdKe; aKxoAlOcav pe
eAacppd KAloq n p o ; xq OdAaooa. Aev undpxsi aKxoypappq unoaepia; napaAla;, q
aKxoypappq xauxli^exai pe xq pdoq xou KpqniSdxoixou. Hapaxqpelxai o xapaKxqpioxiKd;
avaPaOpd; x q ; unoOaAdooia; napaAla; pe xa avxioxoixa appoKpoKaAmSq ouoxaxiKd x q ; .
A n d xq pdoq xou avaPaOpou Kai n p o ; xa avoixxd e^anAravovxai o i nAdKe; xcov aKxoAlOcov.
T a anoxeAeopaxa xcov KOKKopexpiKcbv avaAuoecov eSei^av dxi xa a p p 6 5 q ouoxaxiKd
x q ; n a p a A l a ; (^cbvq andopeoq; xou Kupaxiopou) exouv eva peoo peyeOo; 0,650-0,850 m m .
O unoOaAdooio; x&poq, PdOq and 2 m pexpi xa pdOq xcov 15 m nepinou, xapaKxqpl^exai
(xnd appo-iAuw6q Kai iAuappcb5q ouoxaxiKd pe eva peoo peyeOo; 0,080-0,250 m m .
EuyKplvovxa; xqv T O M H I I pe xqv T O M H I pe enlOeoq x q ; p i a ; enl x q ; dAAq;
Sianioxdovei Kctvel; xo EAAeippa oe uAiKd x q ; T O M H E I I co; n p o ; xqv T O M H I (Exqpa 3).
H eAAeippaxiKq enupdveia npoopexpdxai Kai oe ouvSuaopd pe xo pqKo; (xqv xplxq
didoxaoq) p a ; Slvei xov dyKO xcov U A I K W V nou anaixouvxai woxe q napaAla v a anoKxqoei
xo avdnxuypa avacpopd; x q ; T O M H E I . T o eAAeippa x q ; T O M H E I I co; n p o ; xq T O M H I
npoopexpqOqKe co; enicpdveia Kai avepxexai oe nepinou 40 nP.
H ouyKpioq x q ; T O M H E I I I pe xqv T O M H I co; n p o ; xo eAAeippa x q ; n p w x q ; and xq
Seuxepq, edei^e dxi q npoopexpoupevq enicpdveia av^pxexai e n l o q ; oe 40 m-. To avxloxoixo
eAAeippa x q ; T O M H E I V oe ouyKpioq pe xqv T O M H I , avepxexai oe 39 m-.
Kcxvovxa; XP^I^O '^^^ enicpaveicov eAAelppaxo; xcov Siaxopcbv Kai xou p q K o u ; x q ;
aKxq; and xqv p i a xopq oxqv dAAq unoAoyloxqKe o dyKo; xcov uAiKcbv nou ^xouv xaSsl
AdycB x q ; SiapKOu; Sidppcooq;. To pqKo; x q ; aKxq; and xqv T O M H I I oxqv T O M H I I I
elvai 287 m Kai 0 dyKo; xcov U A I K W V nou exouv oxexiKd xaOel avepxexai oe (287 m x 40 m^)
nepinou 11.500 m^. To pqKo; x q ; aKxq; and xqv T O M H I I I oxqv T O M H I V elvai 114 m

428
KOI o oyKo; TCOV U A I K W V J I O U ixovv oxexiKd xaOei ca/dpxexai oe [ 114 m x (40+39/2) m^]
oxpoYYuAojtoiqpdva 4.500 m \ To odvoAo Aoutdv xcov npooxcooiyevcbv U A I K C B V nou Aeinouv
y i a pia napaAla pf|Kou<; - 4 0 0 m oxov D p p o x q ; Eqxeia;, avepxexai oe 16.000 m \ M i a
avanAqpcooq x q ; aKxq; pe auxd xov dyKo npooxcopaxiKwv UAIKCOV Oa exei co; anoxeAeopa
xq 5qpioupyla p i a ; napaAla; oe dAo xo pqKo; x q ; aKxq; pe eupo; - 1 5 m.

5. 0 1 n P O T E I l V O M E N E E " E K A H P E E " H A P E M B A E E I E F I A T H N E H I A Y E H
T O Y H P O B A H M A T O E A I A B P Q E H E E T H HAPAAIA E H T E I A E

Exov D p p o x q ; Eqxeia; oxeSidi^ovxai 6uo oqpavxiK^; napepPdoei; pe oyKcb5q

KaxaoKeuaoxiKd epya o x i ; aKxe;. O i napepPdoei; amtq nepiypdcpovxai oe peA6xe;:
a' epyo: "Enelyouoe; eneppdoei; oe xpqpa x q ; enapxiaKq; o5ou Eqxela-
n a A a k a o x p o - B d i y i a cacxipexwnioq x q ; oAoicAqpcoxiKq; Kaxdppeuoq; x p q p a x o ; x q ; o5ou".
D i enepPdoei; eKxelvovxai oe eva pqKo; aKxoypappq; nepinou 400 m Kai nepiAapPdvouv:
-"xonoOerrfcnj XiOoppntrjq and (pvaiKovq oyKoliOovg yia xtfv Stjpiovpyia Twpijva
npoaxamaq xov vipimapevov xoixeiov avxiaxijpi^tjq Tt]q oSov Pdpovq 0.50-100 kgr",
-" OmpdKiarj and (pvaiKovq oyndXiOovqpdpovq 1.5-4 tn"
P' epyo: EpeuvqxiKd epyo y i a xqv enlAuoq xou npopAqpaxo; 5idppcooq;, xqv
npooxaola Kai avdnAaoq x q ; aKxoypappq; Kai xq pelcooq xou npoonlnxovxo; Kupaxiopou,
oxqv napaAla Eqxeia; Kai xo A.A. MaKpu EiaAou Aqpou Eqxela;, xou Ivoxixouxou
YnoAoyioxiKwv MaOqpaxiKwv ( l Y M ) xou I5p/xo; TexvoAoyla; Kai 'Epeuva; ( I T E ) - K p q x q ;
( I T E , 2 0 1 5 ) . To ^pyo xou I T E npoKplvei co; xqv nio evSeSeiypevq Auoq y i a xqv npooxaola
Kai avdnAaoq x q ; aKxq; xou D p p o u x q ; Eqxeia; xqv KaxaoKeuq duo uipdAcov
KupaxoOpauoxwv pe cpuoiKOu; oyKdAiOou; "pe axdxo xtj pelcoatj xt}q KvpaxiKrjq evepyeiag nov
(pxdvei (Txriv anxoypapprj xai TTJ pelcoarj xrjq KdOextjq axrj aKxoypapprj azepeopexaipopdq". Di
ucpotAoi KupaxoOpauoxe; Oa elvai pqKou; - 1 5 0 m o KaOeva;, q ox^yq x o u ; 6iapop(p(bvexai
nepinou oxa 2.0 m Kat e^ei nAdxo; 21.0 m. H pdoq x q ; OepeAlcooq; Oa PploKexai nepinou
oxa 5 m and xqv oxdOpq x q ; OdAaooa; Kai xo nAdxo; x q ; yxdvei oxa 30m. E n l o q ; , pe
PuOoKdpqoq Oa ylvei y i a KdOe KupaxoOpauoxq eKOKayq pdOou; 1 m x q ; auAaKa;
e^uylavoq;, (pA. ITE, 2015).
'DyKo; xcav U A I K W V nou Oa 5iaKivq0ouv y i a xqv uAonolqoq xcov npoxeivdpevcov ^pymv.
A ' EPFD: Mexacpopd AaxopiKou U A I K O U Kai p l y q Kaxd pqKo; x q ; aKxq;, oxov nd5a
xou xolxou avxioxqpi^q; xou 5pdpou. 0 a KctAuyOel x w p o ; Siaoxdoecov 400 m pqKou;, 10 m
nAdxou; Kai 2 m anooyivoupevou ndxou;. T v a ; dyKO UAIKCOV x q ; xd^eco; xcov 4.000 m^.
B ' EPED: H oyKopexpqoq xcov UAIKCOV, X O U epyou xcov KupaxoOpauoxcbv ctvctAuexai
oe: a) uAiKd nAqpcooq; xcov auAdKcov e^uyelavoq; - 4.500 x 2 = 9.000 m-', p) PpaxcbSq
uAiKd y i a xqv KaxaoKeuq xcov 8uo ucpaAcov KupaxoOpauoxcbv - 13.500 x 2 = 27.000 m \ D
ouvoAiKd; dyKo; xcov uAiKcbv nou Oa 8iaKivq0ouv y i a xqv uAonolqoq xcov npoxeivdpevcov
epycov aOpol^exai oe - 4 0 . 0 0 0 m^(ITE, 2015, Teuxo;: AKxopqxaviKq Aiepeuvqoq, o.59).

6. H E N A A A A K T I K H A Y E H T H E T E X N H T H E A N A H A H P Q E H E T H E A K T H E

H xexvqxq avanAqpcooq x q ; aKxq; ecpappd^exai npoKeip^vou v a anoKaxaoxaOel p i a

napaAla nou exei 8iaPpco0el. H aKxq xpocpodoxelxai pe uAiKd napdpoia pe auxd nou

429
anavTWVTav o r n v n a p a A l a , uAiKd n o u A a p P d v o v x a i a n d dAAs; n q y e ; , K a i q S p d o q T O U
K u p a x i o p o u 9 a x a SieuGexqosi K a x d p q K o ; x q ; a K x q ; . O i n q y e ; pnopei v a e l v a i ipuoiKol
x a p i e u x q p e ; K p o K a A o - a p p o ) 5 6 v ouoxaxiKwv. T e x o i o i x a p i e u x q p e ; e l v a i n a A a i e ; a v e v e p y e ;
aAAd K a i e v e p y e ; K o l x e ; noxapoxeippdpwv. EvaAAaKxiKd oxou; yuoiKOu; xapieuxqpe;
pnopouv v a xpqoiponoiqGouv K a i uAiKd Aaxopelou npoKaGopiopfevou peyeGou;.
E x q v neplnxwoq acpalpeoq; U A I K W V a n d xqv evepyd Kolxq Kdnoiou n o x a p o x e l p a p p o u
eyelpovxai o o P a p f ; e v o x d o e i ; Adyco 5 i a x d p a ^ q ; xou noxdpiou oiKoouoxqpaxo;. "Exoi
K a G l o x a x a i a v a y K a l o q eniAoyq xou o q p e l o u a n d A q y q ; v a ixei a v e l v a i Suvaxdv p q d e v i K e ;
eninxwoei; oxo noxdpio oiKoouoxqpa. Exqv nepioxq '"15 E q x e i a ; u n d p x e i x^xoia
Suvaxdxqxa. O x()po; a n d A q y q ; e l v a i p e p o ; xou Kdxco pou xou noxapou. H a n d A q y q xcov
uAiKcbv and xo ev Adyco oqpelo 5ev 5qpioupyel Kdnoia a^iooqpelcoxq oiKoAoyiKq
S i a x a p a x q . H e^exaoq xcov U A I K W V O X O evepyd x p q p a x q ; n a p a A l a ; K a i pe Kpixqpio xo
peyeGo;, ctveSei^e xqv ouvunap^q xpicbv opdScov: a) oxpoyyuAonoiqpeve; n^xpe; pe
5idpexpo 1 0 - 2 5 c m , b) KpoKdAe; p^oou peyeGou; 1-1.5 c m ( a n d 0.5 - 3 . 0 c m ) , y ) appcbSq
o u o x a x i K d p e o o u peyeOou; 1.5 m m ( 0 . 2 5 0 - 5 m m ) . H npwxq o p d 8 a xotpaKxqpll^exai co;
unoAeippaxiKq naAaioxepcov anoOeoecov, niOavcb; naAaioxepcov eKpoAcbv xcov
noxapoxeipdppcov xq; aKxq;. O i 5uo dAAe; o p d 5 e ; avxiKaxonxpli^ouv xqv oqpepivq
u 5 p o 6 u v a p i K q x q ; a K x q ; , pe x i ; KpoKdAe; v a eKippd^ouv x a evxova K u p a x i K d o u p p d v x a K a i
xqv d p p o x i ; q n i d x e p e ; K u p a x i K e ; K a x a o x d o e i ; .
T a KaxdAAqAa uAiKd y i a xqv avanAqpcooq x q ; a K x q ; xou 'Oppou x q ; E q x e i a ; np^nei
v a KaAunxouv xo KOKKopexpiKd cpdopa xcov 5uo xeAeuxalcov opdScov, v a exouv 8qA. peyeOq
and 0 . 2 5 0 m m t(oq 3.0 c m . A u x d x a uAiKd 8 i a x l 0 e v x a i oxo npoxeivdpevo oqpelo a n d A q y q ; .
E x o xtbpo otndAqyq; Oa K O O K I V I O X O U V x a uAiKd pe K d o K i v a a v o l y p a x o ; nepinou 2 . 5 - 3 c m .
Ta uAiKd pe p^yeOo; < 2.5 - 3 c m cpopxcovovxai, pexacpepovxai K a i anoxlOevxai oe
npoeniAeyp^va o q p e l a x q ; a K x q ; . O K u p a x i o p d ; Oa 8ieu0exqoei x a uAiKd K a x d p q K o ; x q ;
n a p a A l a ; . E i a v a n p o o o p o i d o e i q n p o ; avanAqpcooq 8iaPpcoOeloa aKxq oxo 8uxiKd x p q p a
x q ; n a p a A l a ; a n a i x o u v x a i n e p i n o u 16.000 m^ KaxdAAqAcov UAIKCOV, dnco; a u x d pexpqOqKav
K a i unoAoyloxqKav o x a n A a l o i a x q ; n a p o u o a ; e p y a o l a ; . H andOeoq xcov uAiKcbv a u x w v
npoxelvexai v a y l v e i o x a 8 i a K d . E x q v npcbxq <pdoq x q ; n a p e p P a o q ; v a anoxeOouv xo 5 0 %
xou n p o i i n o A o y i o p ^ o u dyKou, Oa y l v e x a i napaKoAouOqoq xou xpdnou 8 i e u 0 e x q o q ; xcov
uAiKcov a n d xov K u p a x i o p d K a i Oa o x e 8 i a o x e l q 8euxepq cpdoq xpo(po8oola; K.O.K. O
<piAd8o^o; o x d / o ; auxou xou xpdnou a v a n A q p c o o q ; e l v a i v a a n o K x q o e i o x a 8 i a K d q ndAq
xqv n a p a A l a xcov npcbxcov pexanoAepiKwv xpdvcov K a i v a xqv 8 i a x q p q o e i peAAovxiKd.

BIBAIOrPA^iIA
I T E , 2 0 1 5 . E p e u v q x i K d dpyo y i a xqv enlAuoq xou n p o p A q p a x o ; 8idPpcooq;, xqv n p o o x a o l a
K a i a v d n A a o q x q ; a K x o y p a p p q ; K a i xq pelcooq xou n p o o n l n x o v x o ; K u p a x i o p o u , oxqv
napaAla Eqxeia; Kai xo A.A. MaKpu EiaAou Aqpou Eqxela;. - Ivoxixouxo
YnoAoyioxiKcbv M a O q p a x i K w v ( l Y M ) xou I8p/xo; T e ^ v o A o y l a ; K a i ' E p e u v a ; ( I T E )
K a p a O a v d o q 4>., M n e A i p n a o d K q K . , A v a y v w o x o u X . , 2 0 1 7 . Hpooopolcooq xou K u p a x i K o u
ne81ou K a i x q ; i^qpaxopexacpopd; oxov dppo E q x e i a ; . -7 DaveAAqvio Euve8pio
BeAxlcooq; K a i A i a x e l p i o q ; HapaKxlcov Zcovcbv, A O q v a 2 0 - 2 2 N o e p P p l o u 2 0 1 7 .
S o u k i s i a n T . , et al 2 0 0 7 . W i n d and W a v e A t l a s of the H e l l e n i c S e a s , H e l l e n i c C e n t r e for
M a r i n e R e s e a r c h Publ., 3 0 0 pp).

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