International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences ISSN NO : 2249-7455

The Physical Behaviors of the Organic Solid Waste inside the Static Water
Tank
1
Kirki Ori , 2Dr.Ajay Bharti and 3Kilu Ori
1
PhD Scholar NERIST(Arunachal), Associate Professor(NERIST) and 2B.Tech(UG)- KTU(Kerela)
Email:-1kirkiori@yahoo.com, 2ajaybharti123@rediffmail.com and 3kiluori@gmail.com

Abstract :
Difficulties in disposal of the organic solid waste from the high rise building are increasing with the advent of housing sector in the
modern city. To mitigate the vertical transportation problems of the organic waste from the high rise building, water aided transportation system
is being conceived. Hence water and the waste are required to store temporarily in the tanks at ground level before further treatment and
disposal. Further the vermicomposting technique is another interesting composting technique popularly prevailing now a day for environment
friendly waste stabilization process. But the animal waste, the rice wastes, citric food and other oily matters are restricted in vermicomposting.
Therefore, heterogeneous mixture of the organic solid waste which contains above restricted items are partially stabilized in a digestion tanks
and made fit to use as feed for the earthworm. Hence, the facts on the behavior of the Organic Waste inside the Water are vital and requiring for
design of the Waste Digestion Tank and the data will be useful for further study by the researcher.

Key words: Static Water Tank, Hydrolysis, Organic Solid Waste, Vermicompoting, Disintegrated Waste.

.
1. INTRODUCTION

Organic Solid Waste is a material that is biodegradable and comes from either a plant or animal. Organic Solid Waste is usually broken
down by other organisms over time and may also be referred to as wet waste. Most of the time, it is made up of vegetable and fruit debris, paper,
bones and human waste which quickly disintegrate. The Organic Solid Waste comprises the majority of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW),
followed by paper, metal, other wastes, plastic, and glass. Out of all the waste, the composition of the organic waste varies from 28% (High
Income group) to 64% (Low income group) of the total solid waste. The organic waste is a potential source of methane and other Greenhouse
Gas (GHG) emissions. Methane is a highly polluting GHG with a global warming potential of 21 times that of carbon dioxide.
As per the Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO),
Ministry of Urban Development (2016), the average per capita waste generation in India is 0.110 Kg/Capita/day. [CPHEEO]1. Again as per the
study by NEERI, in developed countries it is normally observed to vary between 0.2-0.6 kg/capita/day. Value upto 0.6 kg/capita/day are
observed in metropolitan cities.
Since India is the 2nd largest populous nation, its Organic Solid Waste generation will be immense and the cost for handling such large
quantities of Organic Solid Waste will be unbearable at some point of time. Therefore the efforts are being made to minimize the organic solid
waste at generation points and the research works on organic waste management are given due encouragement in many institution. The
hydrolysis in the tank is one technique to disintegrate organic waste and to stabilize the waste. Hence to know the behavior of the organic solid
waste in the static water tank the study has been done and this paper is an effort to present it.

2. THE OBJECTIVES

The objective of this paper is to study the followings;

1. To know the quantities of waste floated on the surface, the quantities of the waste settled down, the waste dissolved and suspended in the
water by volume.
2. To know the Carbon and Nitrogen losses during the hydrolysis.

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International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences ISSN NO : 2249-7455

3. THE MATERIALS & METHOD

The prototype transparent glass tank of 8mm thick size 60cm length, 20cm breadth and 20 cm depth were made for experimental purpose.
The tank was kept on steel frame stand 45 cm above the ground in an open shed. The inlet hole were made on one side of the tank to allow the
water with the waste to enter into the tank and outlet arrangement were kept at another end of the tank at the same level for discharge of the
organic dissolved waste from the tank. Inlet collection funnel was made of PVC pipe reducer socket and outlet pipe was fitted with the valves.
There are three nos of outlet pipe. One is for regular and routine discharge of pipe, another for de-sludging of settled waste at the bottom and
third one at the centre is for regulating water level. The section of the prototype experiment tanks is shown in FIGURE-1.

The photograph of the prototype experiment glass tank is shown in FIGURE-2

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International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences ISSN NO : 2249-7455

4. EXPERIMENT

The heterogeneous mixtures of the organic solid wastes were shredded into pieces manually. The wastes were chopped down to the size of
less than 10mm. The shredded Organic Solid Waste was added into the tank daily. Before the wastes were put into the tank, the tank was kept
full of water upto the routine inlet and outlet level. The daily 500 grams of shredded waste was added into the tank in the ratio of 20% Waste
with 80% Water.

The approximate composition of the waste was Green Vegetable Waste 40 %, Food Waste 30%, Fruit Wastes 10% and other waste 20%. The
experiment was done for 60 days during the month of November and December. The temperatures were varied from 9 to 23 Degree Celsius
during the experiment period. The photograph of putting Waste into the tank is shown in FIGURE-3.

After 60 days of putting waste into the tank, the physical behavior of the waste in the tank was observed. The shape of the shredded organic
waste in the tank is shown in FIGURE-4. The sectional area of the waste was measured to know the space covered by the waste inside the tank.

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International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences ISSN NO : 2249-7455

The details of the measurement are shown in FIGURE-5 and the cross section area was also worked out as under:

Floated waste:
(11+10)/2 X 20 =210.00 Sqcm
X10X17 = 85.00 Sqcm
X 3X 37 = 55.50 Sqcm
Total= 350.5 Sqcm

The space cover=350.5X20=7010 Cucm =63%

The settled waste:

(5+4+3)/3 X 40 =160.00 Sqcm
X20X3 = 45.00 Sqcm
Total= 205 Sqcm
The space cover=205X20=4100 Cucm =37%

Further the sample of the settled waste was taken from the bottom of the tank and the Carbon contents and the Nitrogen contents were
determined to assess carbon utilized during the hydrolysis and to know the potential of the residue waste to released Methane Gas.

Determination of the Organic Carbon Contents:-

The Organic Carbon Contents of the Raw waste and the settled waste was determined by Loss on Ignition Method [Al-Selwi A and Joshi M[2],
Tenzing Norbu[3]. And LOI standard operating procedur4].The calculation and the test results are tabulated in TABLE-1.

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International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences ISSN NO : 2249-7455

Determination of the Nitrogen %

The % Nitrogen Contents of the Organic Raw Waste and the settled waste after 60 days has been determined with the help of Kjaldehl Method
(A Guide To Kjeldahl[5])
The % Nitrogen contents of Raw and 60 Days settled waste are tabulated in TABLE-

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International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences ISSN NO : 2249-7455

5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1. After 60 days of addition of the waste in the tanks it was observed that the 63% of the waste by volume were found floated on the surface of the
Tank and 37% of the waste by volume were found settled down at the bottom of the tanks. The dissolved wastes were not assessed as it is
negligible. Therefore the outlet pipe is fitted such that its mouth is in the suspended zone.
2. The volume and the depth of the substrate inside the water were found more near the inlet side and the depth was found gradually reducing
towards the outlet side.
3. It was also observed that when new waste is added into the digestion tank, then the new waste joins at the bottom of the already floated waste
and it tends to come up by the force of buoyant. As a result the upper part of the already floated waste is exposed to air and decomposed by
aerobic bacteria.
4. The worms were found survived on the floated waste, which need further study and improvement of the tank design for Vermicomposting of the
floated waste inside the digestion tanks while it is in use.
5. It was found that the Carbon Losses of the settled waste during 60 days of experiment was 6.21% and Nitrogen variation was found to be
14.71%(TABLE-2). The variation may depend on waste to waste and climate of the area. But less losses indicates less microbes activities and
less methane generation.

6. When the surface waste is under aerobic decomposition and the surface layer is not disturbed, then no foul smell was notice during the entire
experiment.
7. After the surface waste are decomposed and disintegrated due to aerobic microbes, the disintegrated waste are either suspended or settled down
in the bottom of the digestion tank at the end.
8. The fatty matters in the tanks are found floated on surface of the water in the tank.
9. The plants like fungus also grow on the surface of the tank.
10. The residue sludge can be put into the Vermicomposting after pre-treatment.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

It can be concluded that the information found in this study will be useful for design of the waste digestion tank and it will be a useful data for
the researcher for future study on the subjects. Further study can be done for vermicomposting of the surface waste inside the tank.

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International Journal of Advanced in Management, Technology and Engineering Sciences ISSN NO : 2249-7455

REFERENCES:
1. Municipal Solid Waste Management Manual by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO),
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India-2016.
2. Al-Selwi A and Joshi M Source Rock Evaluation using Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and the Loss-On-Ignition (LOI) Techniques
3. Tenzing Norbu ,Pretreatment of Municipal Solid Waste by Windrow Composting and Vermicomposting
4. Loss-on-Ignition Standard Operating Procedure. Lac Core, National Lacustrine Core Facility, University of Minnesota
5. The Guide to Kjeldahl Method.

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