ECE 307

Fourier Series-II

Z. Aliyazicioglu
Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept.
Cal Poly Pomona

Fourier Series
Calculation of Steady State Responses to Periodic Inputs

vi(t) vo(t)
H(j)

Lets have sinusoidal input signal as

v i (t ) = VmCos(0t + )
If we know the system transfer function asx(t)
H(j), then we can find
the output as

v0 (t ) = Vm H ( j0 ) Cos[0t + H ( j0 )] t

1
 Fourier Series
Calculation of Steady State Responses to Periodic Inputs

We know that a periodic signal vi(t) can be expressed in a Fourier

Series expansion

v i (t ) = c0 + cn cos(n0t + n )
n =1

We can also represent the output signal as

v 0 (t ) = c0 H ( j 0) + cn H ( jn0 ) cos[n0t + n + H ( jn0 )]
n =1

Which is same sum of harmonic as at the input but the magnitudes

and phases are changed

Cn H ( jn0 ) n + H ( jn0 )

Fourier Series
R
Example:
+ 1
Vi(t) 1/jC Vo(t) H ( j ) = RC
1
- j +
RC
Magnitude Response
Phase Response
1
( j ) = tan1 ( RC )
H ( j ) = RC
2
1
2 +
RC

A series RC low-pass filter cutoff frequency is 8KHz. R=10K,

C=1.99 nF
(4.26)10 4
H ( j ) =
2 + ((4.26)104 )
2

2
 Fourier Series
2
T=0.5ms d=a/T=1/2 vi(t) 0 = = 2 2000 rad/s
T
1

a
t
t1 T

1 2 2 2 2
v i (t ) = + cos(0t ) cos(30t ) + sin(50t ) cos(70t )...
2 3 5 7

H ( j 0) = 1 H ( j ) = (4.26)104 ( j0 ) = tan1 (0RC )

0 = 0.97
02 + ((4.26)10 4 2
) = 14D
>> R=10000;
H ( j 30 ) = 0.80 ( j 30 ) = 36.87D >> C=1.99e-9;
>> K=1/(R*C);
H ( j 50 ) = 0.6246 ( j 50 ) = 51.35D >> n=1:2:7;
>> wo=2*pi*2000;
H ( j 70 ) = 0.496 ( j 70 ) = 60.26D >> H=K./((j*n*wo)+K);
>> Habs=abs(H)
>> degree=angle(H)*180/pi

Fourier Series
The output voltage
1 2 2
v 0 (t ) = (1) + 0.97 cos(0t 14D ) 0.80 cos(30t 36.87D ) +
2 3
2 2
0.62sin(50t 51D ) 0.49 cos(70t 60D )...
5 7
1 1.94 1.6
v 0 (t ) = (1) + cos(0t 14D ) cos(30t 36.87D ) +
2 3
1.24 0.98
sin(50t 51D ) cos(70t 60D )...
5 7

Cn H ( jn0 ) >> cn=2./(n*pi).*Habs

cn = 0.6176 0.1697 0.0795 0.0451

3
 Fourier Series
>> R=10000;
>> C=1.99e-9;
>> K=1/(R*C);
Example: >> n=1:2:7;
>> wo=2*pi*2000;
>> H=K./((j*n*wo)+K);
>> Habs=abs(H)
>> degree=angle(H)*180/pi
>> cn=2./(n*pi).*Habs
cn = 0.6176 0.1697
0.0795 0.0451
>> t=0:0.000001:0.001;
>> c1=0.6176*cos(2*pi*2000*t-
14*pi/180);
>>
c3=0.1697*cos(2*pi*3*2000*t-
36.87*pi/180);
>>
c5=0.0795*cos(2*pi*5*2000*t-
51.35*pi/180);
>>
c7=0.0451*cos(2*pi*7*2000*t-
60.26*pi/180);
>> c=0.5+c1-c3+c5-c7;
>> plot (t,c)
>> xlabel('t')
>> ylabel('v_0(t)')

Fourier Series
R1

V
10k V

V1 = 0 V1
V2 = 1
TD = 0.0000001 C1
TR = 0.0000001
TF = 0.0000001 1.99n
PW = 0.00025
PER = 0.0005

0
1. 2V

0. 8V

0. 4V

0V
0s 0 . 5 ms 1 . 0 ms 1 . 5 ms 2 . 0 ms 2 . 5 ms 3 . 0 ms
V( R1 : 1 ) V( C1 : 2 )
Ti me

4
 Fourier Series
Calculation of Steady State Responses to Periodic Inputs expressed
as sum of Complex Exponential

x(t ) = c0 + cn cos(n0t + n ) = Xe n
jn0t

n =1 n =

We can also represent the output signal as

v 0 (t ) = X H ( jn )e
n =
n 0
jn0t

Remember that H ( j ) = H * ( j )

Fourier Series
R
Example: Transfer function
+
Vi(t) 1/jC Vo(t)
1
- H ( j ) =
1 + j RC

A series RC low-pass filter cutoff frequency is R=1K, C=1 F

1
H ( j ) =
1 + j 10 3
vi(t) 2
T=1ms d=a/T=1/2 0 = = 2 1000 rad/s
T
1

a
t
t1 T

1 n
v i (t ) = Xe
n =
n
jn0t
= 2 sinc( 2 )e
n =
jn0t

5
 Fourier Series
The output is 1 n
sinc( )
v 0 (t ) = X H ( jn )e
n =
n 0
jn0t
= 2 2 e jn0t
n = 1 + jn 0 10
3

1 n
sinc( )
v 0 (t ) =
n =
2 2 e jn0t
1 + jn 2
1 0.3183 j0t 0.3183 j0t 0.1061 j 30t
v 0 (t ) = + e + e e
2 1 + j 2 1 j 2 1 + j 6
0.3183 j 30t 0.0637 j 50t 0.0637 j 50t
e + e e
1 j 6 1 + j 10 1 j 10
1
v 0 (t ) = + 0.05e j 81 e j0t + 0.05e + j 81 e j0t 0.0056e j 93 e j 30t
D D D

2
0.0056e + j 93 e j 30t + 0.002e j 88 e j 50t 0.002e j 88 e j 50t
D D D

1
v 0 (t ) = + 0.1cos(0t 81D ) 0.0112cos(30t 93D ) + 0.004 cos(50t 88D )
2

Fourier Series
MatLab

>> t=0:0.00001:0.004;
>> wo=2*pi*1000;
>> y1=0.1*cos(wo*t-81*pi/180);
>> y3=0.0112*cos(3*wo*t-
93*pi/180);
>> y5=0.004*cos(5*wo*t-
88*pi/180);
>> y=0.5+y1-y3+y5;
>> plot (t,y)
>> grid on
>> xlabel('t')
>> ylabel('v_0(t)')

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 Fourier Series
R1
1k
PSpice
V V

V1 = 0 V1
V2 = 1
TD = 0.0000001 C1
TR = 0.0000001
TF = 0.0000001 1u
PW = 0.0005
PER = 0.001

0
1. 0V

0. 5V

0V
0s 1 . 0 ms 2 . 0 ms 3 . 0 ms 4 . 0 ms 5 . 0 ms 6 . 0 ms
V( R1 : 1 ) V( C1 : 2 )
Ti me