BI BO KHOA HC

NG DNG GII PHP CP NC BNG TRM BM LY NC

TRC TIP T BIN CHO KHU NUI TRNG THY SN X HOI M
V HOI HI, HUYN HOI NHN, TNH BNH NH

Cnh Ho1, ng Khoa Thi1 & Phm Ph1

Tm tt: Gii php cp nc cho nui trng thy sn ang c nhiu nh khoa hc nghin
cu, nht l trong bi cnh hin nay tnh hnh ngun nc cho nui trng, sn xut ngy cng
nhim nghim trng, dn n dch bnh thng xuyn xy ra, nng sut nui trng b nh hng
mnh, cht lng khng m bo.
Bin c bit n l ngun cung cp nc di do, cht lng nc tng i tt v n nh.
Tuy nhin, vic a nc t bin vo phc v nui trng l mt vn rt kh khn, nht l
cc vng c a hnh cao hn mc nc triu, vng b chia ct,.... C rt nhiu gii php t ra,
song mi phng n khai thc u c nhng u nhc im ring. Qua phn tch cho thy vic xy
dng trm bm ly nc trc tip t bin cp nc cho nui trng thy sn mang li hiu qu
cao. p dng gii php ny cho khu nui trng thy sn x Hoi M v Hoi Hi, huyn Hoi
Nhn, tnh Bnh nh cn i su vo phn tch tnh hnh thc t vng nui v vn dng cc kin
thc mang tnh thc tin cao.
T kha: Cpnc,trmbmncbin,nuitrngthysn,HoiHi,HoiM.

1. T VN 1 nckhngphnnhr,dndnlmnhim
Vit Nam c ng b bin di hn 3.260 ngunnctrongkhuvcdnndchbnhv
kmvinhiucasngvmphvenbin,to nngsutnuitrngbpbnh.Trctnhhnh
nnmtvngdintchtngpncrng ln trn,nhiuhnuitkhoanginglync
v cc cn ct bi ngang chy dc ven binc nui trng, s lng ging khoan ngy cng
timnngrtlntrongvicphttrinngnhsn nhiu gy nh hng nghim trng n vng
xutmuivnuitrngthysn(NTTS).Theo nc ngm lm cho tnh hnh ngy cng thm
Bo co kt qu thc hin k hoch thng nghimtrng.
12/2015 ngnh Nng nghip v PTNT, ton phttrinNTTSmtcchbnvng,cc
qucc15.172hatlmmuiv1,2triuha cng trnh thy li l rt cn thit. Chng lm
tnuitrngthysnccloi,tora1,5triu nhimvcungcpvtiuthotnc,lnhng
tn mui v 3,5 triu tn thy sn vi gi tr hngmccngtrnhkhngththiutrongttc
khong144nghntng,mangligitrkinh ccvngnui.
tvxutkhucao,chimttrng4,2%gitr Trong phm vi bi bo ny, tc gi xin
xutkhuv3,3%GDPcacncnm2015 c khi qut mt cch chung nht v vic
(BNN&PTNT,2015). ng dng gii php cp nc bng trm bm
Ring trong lnh vc NTTS, do ngun vn ly nc trc tip t bin cho khu NTTS x
utcnhnchnnvicphttrinvngnui HoiMvHoiHi,huynHoiNhn,tnh
khngiivivicutngbvhtng, Bnhnh.
h thng cp thot nc. H thng cp thot 2. KHU VC NGHIN CU NG DNG
Vng nui trng thy sn x Hoi Hi v
1
Vin o to v Khoa hc ng dng min Trung HoiMcxydngtrnkhuttrngthp

94 KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 55 (11/2016)

nm khu vc h lu sng Li Giang, dc hai
bn nhnh sng Nc L, ko di t cu Hoi
HinstkhutinhcDiuQuang,trna bnhmihc2-3ging.Dovickhaithcqu
bn cc thn Kim Giao Nam, Kim Giao Thin,
DiuQuang(xHoiHi)vthnCngLng
(xHoiM),huynHoiNhn,tnhBnhnh.
Hnh 1. Bn khng nh v tr xy dng trm
bm v vng nui trng thy sn
Ton b khu nui tm x Hoi Hi v Hoi
Mcdintchtngcngl70,0ha,trong
hnhthnh97aonuitmvidintchmt
nc45,12ha,cnlildintchsngsuiv
thoangchasdng.TrongsthnCng
Lng (x Hoi M) c 34 ao din tch mt
nc16,82ha;thnKimGiaoNam,KimGiao
Thin,DiuQuang(xHoiHi)c63aodin
tchmtnc28,30ha.
cpncchoNTTS,hinnaycchnui
tm u s dng ging khoan khai thc nc
ngm ti ch v khoan ging dc st mp bin
bm vo ng a v cc ao nui. Cc ging
KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 55 (11/2016)
khoancbtrrirctrnbccaonuiv
trong cc khu rng phng h ven bin, trung
mc nn ngun nc ngm ti ch b st
gim,mcncngmtikhunuihintisu
17-18m,sovinm2000hthp1,3-1,5m,
ngthincthivchtnhimtheocch
khoan xm nhp vo tng nc ngm gy
nhimngunnc.
Nhmkhcphctnhtrngny,Nhnc
quyt nh u t xy dng mt h thng cp
nc hon chnh v ch ng, vi tiu ch p
ng cc ch tiu cht lng phc v NTTS v
bovmitrng,nnhtrongcciukin
thi tit. H thng bao gm 01 cng trnh ly
nc trc tip t bin v h thng ng ng
phn phi nc n tn cc ao nui bng ng
HDPE c van iu titvng h o m lu
lngchotngaonui.
3. GII THIU GII PHP CNG NGH
3.1. Cc loi gii php cp nc cho khu
nui trng thy sn ven bin
-Cpnctchy,lynctcccasng
hocmphthngquahthngknh,pdng
iviccvngnuicahnhthpvngun
ncchabnhim;
- Cp nc bng ng lc, ly nc t cc
gingkhoanhocbmnctrctiptbin,p
dng i vi cc vng nui c a hnh cao
khngthlynctchy,vngvenbinca
sng c ngun nc b nhim, vng c a
hnhchiact,v.v
3.2. La chn gii php
Xut pht t thc trng, kt hp vi phn
tchiukinthctcavngnui,nhnthy:
- Pha Bc vng nui cch ca sng Li
Giang khong 1.000m, vng nui c a
hnh khng cao lm nn gii php cp nc
t chy, ly nc t ca sng Li Giang
thng qua h thng knh p dng t lu
nhng khng mang li hiu qu bi cht
lng nc mt khng m bo v ph
thucvochtriu.
-Hinti,giiphptphtcacchnui
l khoanging khai thc ncngmtichv
khoanging dcstmpbinribmvong
95
a v cc ao nui. Gii php ny ban u
manglihiuqunhngsauthigiangyra
hu qu lm st gim mc nc ngm, tr
lngnchnchvlmngunncngmb cpnc.
nhim.
- Nhn thy vng nui tri di v cch mp
nc bin ch khong 200m nhng pha ng
vng nui b chia ct vi bin bi di t cao
vikhudncngcnngiiphpcpnc ngthitiptcnghincuvpdngnhng
bng trm bm ly nctrctiptbinc tinbmicakhoahckthutcngtrnh
pdnglphhpvitnhhnhNTTShinti
tixHoiHivHoiM,huynHoiNhn,
tnhBnhnh.
3.3. La chn cng ngh
3.3.1. Tiu ch la chn cng ngh
Cc tiu ch chnh la chn cng ngh
gm:
-pngcciukinnuitmantonv
sinh thc phm theo quy nh ca B Nng
nghipvPTNT;
-Bnvngvimitrng;
- Ph hp tp qun sn xut hin ti ca
ngidn;
-Khthivgiiphpxydngvcungcp
thitb;
- Thun tin cho vic qun l v vn hnh
cngtrnh.
3.3.2. Cc gii php cng ngh k thut
chnh
Trn c s chng ti xut gii php
cng ngh p dng cho d n Xy dng c s
htngvngnuitmxHoiHivHoiM
nhsau:
a) V phng php tnh ton:
-Chnngunnccp:
Quy trnh nui tm cho vng nui tm x
HoiHivHoiMlquytrnhnuitmth
chn trng (Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931)
theo hnh thc thm canh, p dng theo Quy
chun quc gia v c s nui tm nc l -
iu kin m bo v sinh th y, bo v mi
trng v an ton thc phm (QC 02-
19:2014/BNN&PTNT).
-Tnhtonthngscngtrnhumi:
Trn c s yu cu dng nc ca vng v
96
thi gian cp nc, tnh c lu lng cn
thitcpncchovngnui.Tlachn
c my bm c cng sut ph hp cho vic
b) V gii php thit k:
Giiphpthitkclachnphichng
minh l ph hp vi quy m, tnh cht cng
trnh, mang li hiu qu v kinh t - k thut.
ngycnghonthin,bnvng,sdngnhiu
vt liu a phng, gi thnh h, d dng vn
hnhvduytu,sacha.
c) V gii php thi cng:
Ph hp vi iu kin va thi cng va s
dng,mtbngthicngchthp,thngxuyn
btcngbithytriuvkhnngpng
ca cc phng tin vn chuyn, ti trng cho
phpcanggiaothng.ngthiphiph
hp vinng lc my mc, thitb,con ngi
caccnhthuaphng.
d) V gii php qun l:
n gin, d dng vn hnh, tho lp sa
chavthaythvtt.Ccccngtrnhkim
sot v o lu lng lm c s xc nh
lngnctiuthcatngaonui.
4. KT QU V THO LUN
4.1. Chn ngun nc cp
-Vtrlync:lynctbinbngtrm
bm, v tr t trm bm nm st mp nc
bin, ti thn Kim Giao Thin, x Hoi Hi,
huynHoiNhn,tnhBnhnh.
- Cht lng ngun nc: ly 03 mu
ncthnghimccchtiul-ha,cckt
qu cho thy ti khu vc ly nc cht lng
ngunncbinvenbrttt,mboccch
tiuphcvNTTS.
-Trlng:dolynctrctiptbinnn
trlngncltngidido.
4.2. Tnh ton nhu cu dng nc v chn
thng s bm
Tnhtonnhucudngnclxcnh
cngsut trm bm,chn s lng my bm
v ng ng cp nc cho cc tiu vng
dngnc.
KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 55 (11/2016)
 Bng 1. Nhu cu dng nc qua tng giai on pht trin ca tm (tnh cho 1ha tm)
su Lng Hao ht
Tng lng
S su nc tng nc b do thm
Thng Giai on nc yu
ngy ao (m) thm sung + bc hi
cu (m3)
H(m) (m3) 10% (m3)
I Raao 10 0,40 0,40 4.000 400 4.400
II Btunui 28 1,00 1,00 10.000 1.000 11.000
ang pht
III 31 1,25 0,25 2.500 250 2.750
trin
IV Phttrin 30 1,40 0,15 1.500 150 1.650
V Ktthc 31 1,50 0,10 1.000 100 1.100
Cng 19.000 1.900 20.900

Ktqutnhtonlngnccnlnnhtl Chn4bmncsch(trong3mylm
uv,khibtuthtm,thucgiaionth vic+1mydphng)cthngskthut:
IIcabng1. -LulngQ=450m3/h
Tng din tch ao nuitheo quy hoch: F = -CtpH=25m
30,2(ha) -CngsutN=44kW
W=F*Q=11.000*30,2=332.200m3. -Loi bm:Bm chmRovatti12E4Nhoc
Da vo lch thi v ca Chi cc Thy sn tngng.
v thng nht ca a phng chn thi gian 4.3. Tnh ton thng s cng trnh u mi
cpncuvt=10(ngy),taccngsut 4.3.1. ng dn nc t chy
cpnccatrmbmQb: Thitk 02 ng ng t chy dn nc t
W bin vo h thu, mi ng thu ph trch lu
Q =332.200/10=33.220m3/ngy
b t lngQb/2=700m3/h=0,194m3/s.
=1.384m3/h Theo mc 6-3 (TCVN 8423-2010) vi
ChnQb=1.400m3/h trng hp thu nc bng ng ng t chy
ctnhmybmlytheoktquphntch vntcchophpttnhtV=(0,701,5)m/s,v
thulcmnglibngchngtrnhthylc c dc hng v pha trm bm. Chn vn
EPANET. tcthitkV=1,0m/s;
Trmbmbtrmybintn,cngsutmy Taccngknhngthul:
bmsciuchnhphhpvilulng 4Q 4 0,194
vplccnthit. D= = =0,497m
V 3,14 1,0
Cngsutbmtnhtheocngthc(GTMy
ChnngthucngknhD=0,6m
bmvTrmbm,2006):
- Tnh ton xc nh cao trnh ca vo ng
.g .Q.H
P =44kW thu nc:
1000. Caotrnhcavoctnhtheocngthc:
Trong: Z=H90%-aH=(-1,22)-0,2-0,60=-2,02m
Q-lulngbmQ=0,13m3/s Trong:
H-plcbmH=25m H90%: Cao trnh mc nc triu tn sut
g-giatctrngtrngg=9,81m/s2 thitk:
-Ttrngcanc=1000kg/m3 H90%=-1,22m
-Hiusutcabm=72% a:caoanton,a=0,2m
Thc t cng sut bm s cn c theo H:Chiucaongthunc,H=0,6m
cataloguecanhsnxut. Chn cao trnh t ng l -2,00m. ng thu

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 55 (11/2016) 97

nctdcvphahthu,dci=0,004%.
- Tnh ton xc nh tn tht trn ng
ng t chy D600 v mc nc ngn lng ct
ca h thu.
Tnthttrnngbaogm02loiltntht
dcngvtnthtccb.
*Pdd:tnthtdcng,Pactnhtheo
cngthcHazen-Williams:
10,68 L Q
Pdd=
D 4,87 C HW
*Pcb:tnthtccb,Pa
v2
Pcb= . =357,08 Pa0,036m
2
Trong:
L:chiudionng,L=48m
CHW:Hsphthucvotnhtrngcang,tr
s CHW dao ng t 90 140, ty thuc vo vt
liu v thi gian s dng ng. Do y l mi
trngncbin,khnngnmncao,dbcc
loithcvtthysinhbmdnh=>chnCHW=90
(Choloingthprtcsdngnhiunm).
:mtnc,1.000kg/m3
Q 0,194
v:vntcnc, v =0,69m/s
0,28
d:ngknhtrongcang,d=0,6m
:hstrkhngtnthtccb,tnthtny
baogmcctnthtquacavo,cara,co,ct,
t, van gim p, ...trong bi ton ny ch c tn
thtcavovcarann:=v+r=0,5+1=1,5
=>hthpmcnctingnlngct:
Htntht=Pdd+Pcb=0,108m0,11m
=>Mcnctrongngnlngctcahthu
ngviH90%:
Zlc=H90%-Htt=(-1,22)0,11=-1,33m
- Tnh ton xc nh tn tht qua l tng
ngn v mc nc ti ngn bm
Khisaulcmttdocaohnl,dngchy
rakhilbngp,lctacdngchyngp.
ividngchyngpkhngcnphnbit
ltohaylnh.
Tnhtnthtctnc:
v2
hw ( 1) c (1,5 1)
2g
98
Trong:
hw:tngtnthtkhichtlngqual,m
:hssccn,=v+r=0,5+1=1,5
vc:lutctimtctcohp,m/s
Q 0,194
v =0,40m/s
c 0,6.0,8
hthpmcnctingnbm:hw=0,02m
Mc nc trong ngn bm ca h thu ng
1,85
viH90%:
=0,072m Znb=Zlchw=(-1,33)0,02=-1,35m
- Tnh ton kim tra kh nng dn nc
ca ng:
Kimtrakhnngdnnccangvicc
thngssau:
ngknhngd=0,6m,chiudiL=48m,
hsnhmlnnhtchonggangn=0,0125;
Tnthtctncdcnghd=0,07m(theo
tnhtontrn)
- Tra bng 7-4 s tay tnh ton thy lc i
vingknhd=0,6m;ng vihsnhmn
=1,tatracK=0,0798
-ctrnglulngthctvin=0,0125:
K ' 0,0798
K 6,384 (m3/s)
n 0,0125
-Lulngcntm:
h 0,07
Q K d 6,384 0,244 (m3/s)
L 48
Q=0,244(m /s)>Qyc=0,194(m3/s)
3
=>ngngchnthamnyucu.
4.3.2. H thu nc
Xydng01hthunctgnbvicc
thngskthutnhsau:
Kchthchthu:LxBxH=(4,8x3,7x7,2)m
(lkchthcthngthy).
Ktcu:BtngctthpM400tich.
* Tnh ton chn kch thc h thu
-Tnhchiurnghthu:
B>=(4-5)Dv=(1,30-1,62)m
Trong:Dvlngknhcanght,
Dv=323mm
=>ChnchiurnghthuB=3,70m.
-Tnhchiudihthu:
0,4 2 L>n*Dv+(n-1)*a+2b
=0,02m
2.9,81 =4*0,323+(4-1)*0,8+2*0,5=4,69m
Trong:
KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 55 (11/2016)
 n:lsmybm:n=4
a:lkhongcchgianghtccbm
a>2Dv=0,646m;thuntintrongcng
tcqunlvnhnhchna=0,8m
b:lkhongcchtnghtntngbn,
b>=0,5m;
=>ChnchiudihthuL=4,80m
-Tnhchiucaohthu:
H=H1+H2+H3+H4+H5
=0,5+4,40+0,955+1,065+0,5=7,22m.
Trong:
H1:Chiucaotnhhthunmttt
nhin(MDTN)
(H1=2,52,0=0,50m)
H2:ChiucaotMDTNnyngthu
(H2=2,00(-2,20)=4,20m)
H3:Chiucaomybm Hnh 3. Ct dc h thu nc
(Theo catologe nh sn xut, H3=0,955m)
H4:chiucaongcbm
(Theo catologe nh sn xut, H4=1,065m)
H5:Chiucaolngcn(H5=0,50m). 11

=>ChnchiucaohthuH=7,20m
10

9
8
7

Hnh 4. Ct ngang h thu nc
Hnh 2. Mt bng h thu nc

Hnh 5. B tr h thng ly nc trc tip t bin

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 55 (11/2016) 99

 4.4. Kt qu ng dng thc tin
Hnh 6. C thp h mng v h thng
tiu nc h mng
Hnh 7. Hng mc b ht thi cng
vt mc nc bin
Khu nui trng thy sn Hoi Hi v Hoi cnhngunncNTTSngycngnhim.
Mpdnggiiphpbmlynctrctip
t bin bng ng thu, my bm chm v h
thng ng ng. Nh phng php thu nc
xa b nn cht lng nc tng i tt v n
nh,trlngdido.Nhsdngbhtnn
gim c lng ct, rc thi vo ng ng.
Giiphpnygimcchiphxydngnh
trmbm,qunlvnhnhcngddng.
5. KT LUN
Gii php cp nccho nuitrngthy sn
(NTTS) bng trm bm ly nc trc tip t
bin m ra mt hng i bn vng cho ngnh
NTTSvenbin.
m bo ngun nguyn liu cht lng cao
phcvnhucutiuthniavxutkhu;To
hngimitrongvicgiiquytvnsnxut
xanhvsch,khnggynhimmitrng.
Gp phn gia tng gi tr sn phm ca
ton ngnh sn xut v NTTS ti a phng
ni ring v ton ngnh thy sn ca Vit
Namnichung.
S dng c hiu qu tim nng t ai ca
a phng; Tng thu nhp, to cng n vic
lm n nh cho lao ng a phng v cc
khuvcphcn.
Bnh nh xy dng Cng trnh Xy
dng c s h tng khu NTTS x Hoi M v
HoiHi,lcngtrnhutintrnabntnh
Bnh nh p dng gii php ny v cho hiu
qucao,lcstnhBnhnhvcctnh
ln cn m rng m hnh cp nc trong bi

TI LIU THAM KHO

B NN&PTNT. Bo co k hoch thc hin nm 2015. 2015. <http://www.mard.gov.vn
/Lists/appsp01_statistic/Attachments/99/Baocao_T12_2015.pdf>.
Gio trnh My bm v Trm bm. TrngihcThyli,2006.
QCVN 01-80:2011. Quy chun k thut quc gia v c s nui trng thy sn thng phm - iu
kin v sinh th y.BNN&PTNT,2011.
QCVN 02-19:2014. Quy chun k thut quc gia v c s nui tm nc l - iu kin bo m v
sinh th y, bo v mi trng v an ton thc phm.BNN&PTNT,2014.
TCVN 8423:2010. Cng trnh thy li - trm bm ti, tiu nc - yu cu thit k cng trnh thy
cng.2010.
TCVN 8639:2011. Cng trnh thy li my bm nc - yu cu k thut v phng php kho
nghim cc thng s my bm.2011.

100 KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 55 (11/2016)

 Abstract:
APPLICATION OF SUPPLY WATER SOLUTION BY PUMP STATION
WHICH TAKE THE WATER DIRECTLY FROM THE SEA FOR AQUACULTURE
ZONES BELONG TO COMMUNES OF HOAI MY AND HOAI HAI, HOAI NHON
DICTRICT, BINH DINH PROVINCE

Water supply solutions for aquaculture have been researched by many scientists, especially in the
current context, the situation of water resources for aquaculture and production are polluted
increasingly serious, resulting in epidemics occur frequently, productivity is affected sharply,
quality is not guaranteed.
Sea known as abundant water supplies, water quality is relatively good and stable. However, taking
the water from the sea to serve for aquaculture is a very difficult problem, especially in areas where
terrain is higher than tide or regional fragmentation, etc. There are many measures setting out to
supply water, but each mining plans have advantages and disadvantages. Through analysis shows
that the construction of pump stations taking the water directly from the sea to supply water for
aquaculture bring high efficiency. To apply this solution for aquaculture zones belong to communes
of Hoai My and Hoai Hai, Hoai Nhon district, Binh Dinh province, we need to go deep into
analyzing the actual situation of breeding areas and applying the high practical knowledge.
Keywords:Watersupply,sea-waterpumpstation,aquaculture,HoaiMy,HoaiHai.

BBT nhn bi: 20/9/2016

Phn bin xong: 03/10/2016

KHOA HC K THUT THY LI V MI TRNG - S 55 (11/2016) 101