Top 20 Prescription Drugs

Name: Sheila D Cox Date: December 9, 2017

For every drug listed below, research on a reliable website to find and fill in the information in the chart
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below.

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Side 1: Drug name as listed below

Side 2: Classification, brand name, primary and secondary purposes (what the medication is used for), routes
of administration, most common side effects, and serious adverse effects

Atorvastatin Calcium Class-HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins Brand Name-

(Lipitor) Atorvastatin reduces levels of bad cholesterol (LDL), and
triglycerides in the blood, while increasing levels of good cholesterol
(HDL). Reduce risk of Stroke, Angina. Orally 10 or 20 mg once daily.
Routes of Administration- Take atorvastatin exactly as prescribed by
your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor
may occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best
results. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for
longer than recommended. Atorvastatin is usually taken once a day,
with or without food. Take the medicine at the same time each day. Do
not break a tablet before taking it.
Common side effects are: headaches, hoarseness, lower back and side
pain, stuffy or runny nose, painful or difficult urination, pain or
tenderness around the eyes and cheekbones. Serious side effects are:
fast heartbeat, fever, difficult swallowing, hives, dizziness, tightness in
the chest, wheezing,
Levothyroxine Class- Thyroid drugs, Levoxyl, Synthroid, Tirosintg, Brand Name-
Unithroid. Levothyroxine treats hypothyrodism (low thyroid hormone).
And it also used for to treat or prevent goiter (enlarge thyroid gland)
Routes of Administration- Take levothyroxine exactly as prescribed by
your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor
may occasionally change your dose. Do not take this medicine in larger
or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Levothyroxine
works best if you take it on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes
before breakfast. Follow your doctor's dosing instructions and try to take
the medicine at the same time each day. Swallow the tablet or capsule
whole, with a full glass (8 ounces) of water. The Levoxyl tablet may
dissolve very quickly and could swell in your throat. If a child is using this
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
medicine, tell your doctor if the child has any changes in weight. Doses
are based on weight in children, and any changes may affect your child's
dose. It may take several weeks before your body starts to respond to
levothyroxine. Keep using this medicine even if you feel well. You may
need to use this medicine for the rest of your life. While using this
medicine, you may need frequent medical tests. Tell any doctor, dentist,
or surgeon who treats you that you are using this medicine. Store at
room temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not share this
medicine with another person, even if they have the same symptoms
you have.
Common side effects: Abdominal or stomach cramps, change appetite,
crying, diarrhea, fear or nervousness, feeling of discomfort, hair loss,
headache, muscle weakness. Serious side effects: Chest pain of
discomfort, difficult or labored breathing, fainting, fast, slow, irregular,
pounding or racing heartbeat or pulse, confusion, disorientation, fast or
weak pulse, loss of consciousness, sudden loss of coordination, cold
clammy skin.
Lisinopril Class-Angiotensin, Converting Enzyme, Inhibitors, Brand Name-
Prinivil, Qbrelis, Zestril. Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure in
adults and children who are at least 6 years old. And its also used to treat
congestive heart failure in adults or to improve survival after a heart
attack. Oral solution, oral tablet. The initial dosage is 10 mg once daily
and the dosage is adjusted according to the blood pressure response.
Routes of Administration- Take lisinopril exactly as prescribed by your
doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may
occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results. Do
not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than
recommended. Drink plenty of water each day while you are taking this
medicine. Lisinopril can be taken with or without food. Measure liquid
medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-
measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring
device, ask your pharmacist for one. Your blood pressure will need to be
checked often, and you may need frequent blood tests. Call your doctor
if you have ongoing vomiting or diarrhea, or if you are sweating more
than usual. You can easily become dehydrated while taking this
medicine. This can lead to very low blood pressure, electrolyte disorders,
or kidney failure while you are taking lisinopril. If you need surgery, tell
the surgeon ahead of time that you are using lisinopril. If you are being
treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you
feel well. High blood pressure often has no symptoms. You may need to
use blood pressure medication for the rest of your life. Store at room
temperature away from moisture and heat. Do not freeze the oral liquid.
Common side effects are: Blurred vision, cloudy, cloudy urine,
confusion, sweating, unusual tiredness or weakness, decrease in urine
output, dizziness, fainting, or lightheaded when getting up suddenly
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
from lying or sitting down. Serious side effects: Chest pain difficulty
breathing, loss of voice, nausea, fast irregular heartbeat, shivering,
trouble sleeping.
Omeprazole Class-Proton Pump, Inhibitors, FIRST Omeprazole, Brand Name-
PriLOSEC, PriLOSEC OTC, Zegerid (Original Formulation). Omeprazole is
used to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and
other conditions caused by excess stomach acid. Routes of
Administration- Take Omeprazole delayed-release capsules before
meals. Antacids may be used concomitantly with Omeprazole delayed-
release capsules. Missed doses: If a dose is missed, administer as soon as
possible. However, if the next scheduled dose is due, do not take the
missed dose, and take the next dose on time. Do not take two doses at
one time to make up for a missed dose. Common side effects: Back
aches or pain, chest pain, cough, diarrhea or loose stools, dizziness, ear
congestion, gas, heartburn, loss of voice, muscle pain, runny nose,
sneezing. Serious side effects: Blurred vision, confusion, dryness of
mouth, headache, increased sweating, chest pain, unusual drowsiness,
difficulty breathing, dizziness, constipation.
Metformin Class-Non-sulfonylureas. Brand Name-Fortamet, Glucophage,
Glucophage XR, Glumetza, Riomet. Metformin is an oral diabetes
medicine that helps control blood sugar levels and also used with diet and
exercise to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. And its sometimes used together with insulin or other
medications, but is not for treating type 1 diabetes. Metformin a single
oral tablet of 500 mg with food. Routes of Administration-Take
metformin exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on
your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose.
Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than
recommended. Take metformin with a meal, unless your doctor tells you
otherwise. Some brands of this medicine are taken only once daily with
the evening meal. Follow your doctor's instructions. Do not crush, chew,
or break an extended-release Tablet. Swallow the tablet whole.
Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a
special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a
dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. Some tablet forms
of metformin are made with a shell that is not absorbed or melted in the
body. Part of the tablet shell may appear in your stool. This is a normal
side effect and will not make the medication less effective. Your blood
sugar will need to be checked often, and you may need other blood tests
at your doctor's office. The Common side effects: Acid or sour stomach,
bloated, excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines, full feeling,
heartburn, indigestion, passing gas, vomiting, weight loss. Serious side
effects: abdominal discomfort, cough or hoarseness, decrease appetite,
diarrhea, fast or shallow breathing, fever or chills, muscle pain or
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
cramping, painful or difficult urination, lower back and side pain,
dizziness, chest discomfort, blurred vision, difficult or labored breathing.
Amlodipine Class-Calcium channel blocking agents. Brand Name-Norvasc.
Amlodipine is used to treat high blood pressure and it may also lower the
risk of a stroke or heart attack. Amlodipine is also used to treat chest pain
(angina) and other conditions caused by coronary artery disease.
Amlodipine is also a calcium channel blocker that dilates (widens) blood
vessels and improves blood flow. Routes of Administration-The usual
initial antihypertensive oral dose of Amlodipine besylate is 5 mg once
daily, and the maximum dose of 10 mg once daily. A Small, fragile, or
elderly patients with hepatic insufficiency may be started on 2.5 mg
once daily and this dose may be used when adding Amlodipine besylate
to other antihypertensive therapy. Angina The recommended dose for
chronic stable or vasospastic angina is 5 mg to 10 mg, with the lower
dose suggested in the elderly and in patients with hepatic insufficiency.
Most patients will require 10 mg for adequate effect. Coronary Artery
Disease The recommended dose range for patients with coronary artery
disease is 5 mg to 10 mg once daily. In clinical studies, the majority of
patients required 10 mg Children The effective antihypertensive oral
dose in pediatric patients ages 6 to 17 years is 2.5 mg to 5 mg once daily.
Doses in excess of 5 mg daily have not been studied in pediatric patients.
Dosage Forms and Strengths, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg tablets
Contraindications Amlodipine besylate tablets are contraindicated in
patients with known sensitivity to Amlodipine.
Common side effects are; Acid or sour stomach, heartburn, indigestion,
lack or loss of strength, muscle cramps, sleepiness or unusual
drowsiness, stomach discomfort, upset or pain. Serious side effects:
Anxiety, bleeding gums, increased sweating, loss of memory, changes in
vision, depression, double vision, difficulty in swallowing, bloody nose.
Simvastatin Class-Statins. Brand Name-Zocor. Simvastatin is in a group of drugs
called HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or "statins." It reduces levels of
"bad" cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein, or LDL) and triglycerides in
the blood, while increasing levels of "good" cholesterol (high-density
lipoprotein, or HDL). Simvastatin is used to lower cholesterol and
triglycerides (types of fat) in the blood. Simvastatin is also used to lower
the risk of stroke, heart attack, and other heart complications in people
with diabetes, coronary heart disease, or other risk factors. Routes of
Administration-The usual dosage range is 5 to 40 mg/day. In patients
with CHD or at high risk of CHD, Simvastatin tablets can be started
simultaneously with diet. The recommended usual starting dose is 10 or
20 mg once a day in the evening. For patients at high risk for a CHD
event due to existing CHD, diabetes, peripheral vessel disease, history of
stroke or other cerebrovascular disease, the recommended starting dose
is 40 mg/day. Lipid determinations should be performed after 4 weeks
of therapy and periodically thereafter. Common side: Dizziness, fainting,
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
fast or irregular heartbeat. Serious side effects: Bladder pain, bloody or
cloudy urine, blurred vision, body aches or pain, chills, cough, dark-
colored urine, difficult, burning, or painful urination, difficulty with
breathing, difficulty with moving, dry mouth, ear congestion, fever,
flushed, dry skin, frequent urge to urinate, fruit-like breath odor,
headache, increased hunger.
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Class-Hydrocodone- Antitussives, Narcotic analgesics. Brand Name-
Hysingla ER, Zohydro ER. Hydrocodone is an opioid pain medication. An
opioid is sometimes called a narcotic. Zohydro ER and Hysingla ER are
extended-release forms of hydrocodone that are used for around-the-
clock treatment of severe pain. Extended-release hydrocodone is not for
use on an as-needed basis for pain. Routes of Administration-
Administer whole; do not crush, chew, or dissolve. Crushing, chewing, or
dissolving will result in uncontrolled delivery of hydrocodone and can
lead to overdose or death. Do not presoak, lick or wet dosage form prior
to ingestion. Capsules or tablets should be administered one at a time,
with enough water to ensure complete swallowing immediately after
placing in the mouth. Common side effects: Difficulty having a bowel
movement (stool), nausea, Abdominal or stomach pain or discomfort,
back pain, bladder pain, bloody or cloudy urine, difficult, burning, or
painful urination, dry mouth, frequent urge to urinate, heartburn,
itching skin, lower back or side pain, muscle spasms, vomiting. Serious
side effects are; Blue lips and fingernails, lurred vision, change in
consciousness, chest pain or discomfort, cold and clammy skin,
confusion, constricted pupil (black part of the eye), coughing that
sometimes produces a pink frothy sputum, decreased awareness or
responsiveness, dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up
suddenly from a lying or sitting position, increased sweating, irregular,
fast or slow, or shallow breathing, lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting,
pale skin, sleepiness or unusual drowsiness, slow or irregular heartbeat,
weak muscle tone.
Acetaminophen- Class-Miscellaneous analgesics. Brand Name- Actamin,
Anacin AF, Apra, Bromo Seltzer, Children's Tylenol, Elixsure Fever/Pain,
Mapap, Medi-Tabs, Q-Pap, Silapap Childrens, Tactinal, Tempra Quicklets,
Tycolene, Tylenol, Vitapap
Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and a fever reducer.
Acetaminophen is used to treat many conditions such as headache,
muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothaches, colds, and fevers.
Acetaminophen may also be used for purposes not listed in this
medication guide. Routes of Administration; Use acetaminophen
exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your
doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer
than recommended. Do not take more of this medication than is
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
recommended. An overdose of acetaminophen can damage your liver
or cause death. Adults and teenagers who weigh at least 110 pounds
(50 kilograms): Do not take more than 1000 milligrams (mg) at one time.
Do not take more than 4000 mg in 24 hours. Children younger than 12
years old: Do not take more than 5 doses of acetaminophen in 24 hours.
Use only the number of milligrams per dose that is recommended for
the child's weight and age. Use exactly as directed on the label. Avoid
also using other medicines that contain acetaminophen, or you could
have a fatal overdose. Common side effects: Bloody or black, tarry
stools, bloody or cloudy urine, and fever with or without chills (not
present before treatment and not caused by the condition being
treated), and pain in the lower back and/or side (severe and/or sharp),
pinpoint red spots on the skin. skin rash, hives, or itching, sore throat
(not present before treatment and not caused by the condition being
treated), sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth,
sudden decrease in the amount of urine, unusual bleeding or bruising,
unusual tiredness or weakness, yellow eyes or skin. Serious side effects:
Diarrhea, increased sweating, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting,
stomach cramps or pain, swelling, pain, or tenderness in the upper
abdomen or stomach area
Metoprolol ER Class- Cardio-selective beta blockers. Brand name- Lopressor,
Metoprolol Succinate ER, Metoprolol Tartrate, Toprol-XL. Metoprolol ER-
is a beta-blocker that affects the heart and circulation (blood flow
through arteries and veins).

Metoprolol is used to treat angina (chest pain) and hypertension (high

blood pressure). It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack.), Routes
of Administration-Take metoprolol exactly as prescribed by your
doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may
occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results. Do
not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than
recommended. Take the medicine at the same time each day.
Metoprolol should be taken with a meal or just after a meal. A Toprol XL
tablet can be divided in half if your doctor has told you to do so. The half
tablet should be swallowed whole, without chewing or crushing. While
using metoprolol, you may need frequent blood tests at your doctor's
office. Your blood pressure will need to be checked often. If you need
surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using metoprolol.
You should not stop using metoprolol suddenly. Stopping suddenly may
make your condition worse. If you are being treated for high blood
pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel well. High blood
pressure often has no symptoms. You may need to use blood pressure
medication for the rest of your life. Store metoprolol at room
temperature away from moisture and heat. Common side effects-
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
Dizziness, tired feeling, confusion, memory problems; nightmares,
trouble sleeping; diarrhea; or mild itching or rash. The Serious side
effects are-very slow heartbeats; a light-headed feeling, like you might
pass out; shortness of breath even with mild exertion), swelling, rapid
weight gain; or cold feeling in your hands and feet.
Losartan Class-Angiotensin receptor blockers. Brand name- Cozaar. Losartan
belongs to a group of drugs called angiotensin II receptor antagonists. It
keeps blood vessels from narrowing, which lowers blood pressure and
improves blood flow. Losartan is used to treat high blood pressure
(hypertension). It is also used to lower the risk of stroke in certain
people with heart disease. Losartan is used to slow long-term kidney
damage in people with type 2 diabetes who also have high blood
pressure. Routes of Administration- Adult Hypertension
The usual starting dose of Losartan potassium tablets is 50 mg once
daily. The dosage can be increased to a maximum dose of 100 mg once
daily as needed to control blood pressure. A starting dose of 25 mg is
recommended for patients with possible intravascular depletion.
Pediatric Hypertension
The usual recommended starting dose is 0.7 mg per kg once daily (up to
50 mg total) administered as a tablet. Dosage should be adjusted
according to blood pressure response. Doses above 1.4 mg per kg (or in
excess of 100 mg) daily have not been studied in pediatric patients [see
Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), Clinical Studies (14.1), and Warnings and
Precautions (5.2)].
Losartan potassium tablets are not recommended in pediatric patients
less than 6 years of age or in pediatric patients with estimated
glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. The usual
starting dose is 50 mg of Losartan potassium tablets once daily.
Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg daily should be added and/or the dose of
Losartan potassium should be increased to 100 mg once daily followed
by an increase in hydrochlorothiazide to 25 mg once daily based on
blood pressure response. The usual starting dose is 50 mg once daily.
The dose should be increased to 100 mg once daily based on blood
pressure response. In patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic
impairment the recommended starting dose of Losartan potassium
tablets is 25 mg once daily. Losartan potassium tablets have not been
studied in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Common side
effects are; Blindness, body aches or pain, decreased vision, dry cough,
ear congestion, loss of voice, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing,
sore throat. Serious side effects- Abdominal or stomach pain, anxiety,
bladder pain, bloody or cloudy urine, blurred vision, chills, cold sweats,
coma, confusion, cool, pale skin, depression, difficult breathing, difficult,
burning, or painful urination, dizziness, fast heartbeat, frequent urge to
urinate.
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
Azithromycin Class-Macrolides. Brand Name- Azithromycin 3 Day Dose Pack,
Azithromycin 5 Day Dose Pack, Zithromax, Zithromax TRI-PAK, Zithromax
Z-Pak, Zmax, Zithromax IV. Azithromycin is an antibiotic that fights
bacteria. Azithromycin is used to treat many different types of infections
caused by bacteria, such as respiratory infections, skin infections, ear
infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Routes of
Administration - Azithromycin for oral suspension (single dose 1 g
packet) can be taken with or without food after constitution. However,
increased tolerability has been observed when tablets are taken with
food. Azithromycin for oral suspension (single dose 1 g packet) is not for
pediatric use. For pediatric suspension see the prescribing information for
azithromycin for oral suspension 100 mg/5 mL and 200 mg/5 mL bottles.
Directions for administration of azithromycin for oral suspension in the
single dose packet (1 g): The entire contents of the packet should be
mixed thoroughly with two ounces (approximately 60 mL) of water.
Drink the entire contents immediately; add an additional two ounces of
water, mix, and drink to ensure complete consumption of dosage. The
single dose packet should not be used to administer doses other than
1000 mg of azithromycin. Common side effects- Diarrhea, Loose stools,
Acid or sour stomach, aggressive or angry, bad, unusual, or unpleasant
(after) taste, belching, burning feeling in the chest or stomach, burning,
crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling
feelings, change in taste, changes in the color of the tongue, crying, dry
mouth, dysphoria, euphoria, excess air or gas in the stomach or
intestines, feeling of constant movement of self or surroundings, full
feeling, heartburn, hyperventilation. Serious side effects- Blistering,
crusting, irritation, itching, or reddening of the skin, racked, dry, or scaly
skin, fever, swelling, Abdominal or stomach pain, blistering, peeling, or
loosening of the skin, bloody or cloudy urine, bloody, black, or tarry
stools, body aches or pain, burning while urinating, chest pain, chills,
congestion, cough increased, cough producing, mucus, dark urine,
difficult or labored breathing, difficult or painful urination, dizziness,
drowsiness, dryness or soreness of the throat, earache, fainting, fast,
irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse,
Zolpidem Class- Miscellaneous Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics. Brand -Name-
Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, Intermezzo, Zolpimist. Zolpidem is a
sedative, also called a hypnotic. It affects chemicals in the brain that may
be unbalanced in people with sleep problems (insomnia). Zolpidem is
used to treat insomnia. The immediate-release forms are Ambien,
Intermezzo, Edluar, and Zolpimist, which are used to help you fall asleep.
The extended-release form of zolpidem is Ambien CR, which has a first
layer that dissolves quickly to help you fall asleep, and a second layer
that dissolves slowly to help you stay asleep. Ambien, Edluar, and
Zolpimist are used to help you fall asleep when you first go to bed.
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
Intermezzo, is used to help you fall back to sleep if you wake up in the
middle of the night and then have trouble sleeping. Routes of
Administration- The effect of Zolpidem Tartrate Sublingual Tablets may
be slowed by ingestion with or immediately after a meal. Zolpidem
Tartrate Sublingual Tablets should be placed under the tongue, where it
will disintegrate. The tablet should not be swallowed and the tablet
should not be taken with water. Common side effects- Drowsiness,
headache, muscle aches, sleepiness or unusual drowsiness, stuffy or
runny nose. Serious side effects- Bad, unusual, or unpleasant (after)
taste, breast pain, change in taste, changes in patterns and rhythms of
speech, increased sweating, itching of the vagina or genital area, pain
during sexual intercourse, paleness of the skin, slurred speech, thick,
white vaginal discharge with no odor or with a mild odor, vomiting.
Hydrochlorothiazide Class- Thiazide diuretics. Brand Name- Microzide. Hydrochlorothiazide
is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that helps prevent your body from
absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention.
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).
Hydrochlorothiazide is also used to treat fluid retention (edema) in
people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or kidney
disorders, or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen. Routes of
Administration- Take HCTZ exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not
take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Follow the directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may
occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results.
Your blood pressure will need to be checked often. Visit your doctor
regularly. Your blood and urine may both be tested if you have been
vomiting or are dehydrated. HCTZ can interfere with the results of a
thyroid test. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using a thiazide
diuretic. If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using
HCTZ even if you feel well. High blood pressure often has no symptoms.
You may need to use blood pressure medication for the rest of your life.
Store HCTZ at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
Common side effects- Cramping, decreased interest in sexual
intercourse, difficulty having a bowel movement (stool), feeling of
constant movement of self or surroundings, hair loss or thinning of the
hair, inability to have or keep an erection, increased sensitivity of the
skin to sunlight, loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance,
muscle spasm, pinpoint red or purple spots on the skin, redness or other
discoloration of the skin, restlessness, sensation of spinning, severe
sunburn, weakness. Serious side effects - difficult, fast, or noisy
breathing, sometimes with wheezing, difficulty with breathing, difficulty
with swallowing, dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting
up from a lying or sitting position, dry mouth, fast or irregular heartbeat,
fever, flushed, dry skin, fruit-like breath odor general body swelling,
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
general feeling of discomfort or illness, general feeling of tiredness or
weakness greatly decreased frequency of urination or amount of urine
headache, hives, increased blood pressure.
Furosemide Class- Loop diuretics. Brand Name- Lasix, Diaqua-2, Lo-Aqua.
Furosemide is a loop diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from
absorbing too much salt. This allows the salt to instead be passed in your
urine. Furosemide is used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people
with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as
nephrotic syndrome. Furosemide is also used to treat high blood
pressure (hypertension). Routes of Administration - Edema Therapy
should be individualized according to patient response to gain maximal
therapeutic response and to determine the minimal dose needed to
maintain that response. Adults The usual initial dose of Furosemide is 20
to 80 mg given as a single dose. Ordinarily a prompt diuresis ensues. If
needed, the same dose can be administered 6 to 8 hours later or the
dose may be increased. The dose may be raised by 20 or 40 mg and
given not sooner than 6 to 8 hours after the previous dose until the
desired diuretic effect has been obtained. The individually determined
single dose should then be given once or twice daily (e.g., at 8 am and 2
pm). The dose of Furosemide may be carefully titrated up to 600 mg/day
in patients with clinically severe edematous states. Edema may be most
efficiently and safely mobilized by giving Furosemide on 2 to 4
consecutive days each week. When doses exceeding 80 mg/day are
given for prolonged periods, careful clinical observation and laboratory
monitoring are particularly advisable. Geriatric Patients In general, dose
selection for the elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at
the low end of the dosing range. Pediatric Patients The usual initial dose
of oral Furosemide in pediatric patients is 2 mg/kg body weight, given as
a single dose. If the diuretic response is not satisfactory after the initial
dose, dosage may be increased by 1 or 2 mg/kg no sooner than 6 to 8
hours after the previous dose. Doses greater than 6 mg/kg body weight
are not recommended. For maintenance therapy in pediatric patients,
the dose should be adjusted to the minimum effective level.
Hypertension Therapy should be individualized according to the
patients response to gain maximal therapeutic response and to
determine the minimal dose needed to maintain the therapeutic
response.
Adults The usual initial dose of Furosemide for hypertension is 80 mg,
usually divided into 40 mg twice a day. Dosage should then be adjusted
according to response. If response is not satisfactory, add other
antihypertensive agents. Changes in blood pressure must be carefully
monitored when Furosemide is used with other antihypertensive drugs,
especially during initial therapy. To prevent excessive drop in blood
pressure, the dosage of other agents should be reduced by at least 50
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
percent when Furosemide is added to the regimen. As the blood
pressure falls under the potentiating effect of Furosemide, a further
reduction in dosage or even discontinuation of other antihypertensive
drugs may be necessary. Geriatric Patients In general, dose selection and
dose adjustment for the elderly patient should be cautious, usually
starting at the low end of the dosing range. Common side effects-
Feeling of constant movement of self or surroundings, hives or welts,
increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight, muscle spasm, redness or
other discoloration of the skin, restlessness, sensation of spinning,
severe sunburn, weakness. Serious side effects- Chest pain, chills, cough
or hoarseness, fever, general feeling of tiredness or weakness headache,
lower back or side pain, painful or difficult urination, shortness of
breath, sore throat, sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the
mouth swollen or painful glands, tightness in the chest, unusual bleeding
or bruising, unusual tiredness or weakness, wheezing, Decreased
urination, drowsiness, increase in heart rate, irregular heartbeat,
irritability, mood changes, muscle cramps, numbness, tingling, pain, or
weakness in the hands, feet, or lips, rapid breathing, seizures, sunken
eyes, thirst, trembling, weak pulse, weakness and heaviness of the legs,
wrinkled skin.
Metoprolol Class- Cardio-selective beta blockers. Brand name- Lopressor,
Metoprolol Succinate ER, Metoprolol Tartrate, Toprol-XL. Metoprolol ER-
is a beta-blocker that affects the heart and circulation (blood flow
through arteries and veins).
Metoprolol is used to treat angina (chest pain) and hypertension (high
blood pressure). It is also used to treat or prevent heart attack. ), Routes
of Administration-Take metoprolol exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may
occasionally change your dose to make sure you get the best results. Do
not take this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than
recommended. Take the medicine at the same time each day.
Metoprolol should be taken with a meal or just after a meal. A Toprol XL
tablet can be divided in half if your doctor has told you to do so. The half
tablet should be swallowed whole, without chewing or crushing. While
using metoprolol, you may need frequent blood tests at your doctor's
office. Your blood pressure will need to be checked often. If you need
surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using metoprolol.
You should not stop using metoprolol suddenly. Stopping suddenly may
make your condition worse. If you are being treated for high blood
pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel well. High blood
pressure often has no symptoms. You may need to use blood pressure
medication for the rest of your life. Store metoprolol at room
temperature away from moisture and heat. Common side effects-
Dizziness, tired feeling, confusion, memory problems; nightmares,
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
trouble sleeping; diarrhea; or mild itching or rash. The Serious side
effects are-very slow heartbeats; a light-headed feeling, like you might
pass out; shortness of breath even with mild exertion), swelling, rapid
weight gain; or cold feeling in your hands and feet.
Pantoprazole Class- Proton pump inhibitors. Brand Name- Protonix, Protonix IV.
Pantoprazole- is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases the amount of
acid produced in the stomach. Pantoprazole is used to treat
erosive esophagitis (damage to the esophagus from stomach acid), and
other conditions involving excess stomach acid such as Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome. Pantoprazole is not for immediate relief of heartburn
symptoms. Routes of Administration- Pantoprazole sodium delayed-
release tablets should be swallowed whole, with or without food in the
stomach. If patients are unable to swallow a 40 mg tablet, two 20 mg
tablets may be taken. Concomitant administration of antacids does not
affect the absorption of Pantoprazole sodium delayed-release tablets.
20 mg, light yellow to yellow color, oval shaped, biconvex, delayed-
release tablets imprinted A6 with black ink on one side and plain on
the other side. 40 mg, light yellow to yellow color, oval shaped,
biconvex, delayed-release tablets imprinted A37 with black ink on one
side and plain on the other side. Common Side effects- Belching, bloated
or full feeling, excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines
Passing gas, Trouble sleeping. Serious side effects- Abdominal or
stomach pain, blurred vision, dry mouth, flushed, dry skin, fruit-like
breath odor, increased, hunger, increased thirst, increased urination,
nausea, sweating, troubled breathing, unexplained weight loss,
vomiting.
Gabapentin Class- Gamma-Aminobutyric acid analogs. Brand Name- Gralise,
Horizant, Neurontin, Gabarone. Gabapentin is an anti-epileptic drug,
also called an anticonvulsant. It affects chemicals and nerves in the body
that are involved in the cause of seizures and some types of pain.
Gabapentin is used in adults to treat neuropathic pain (nerve
pain) caused by herpes virus or shingles (herpes zoster). The Horizant
brand of gabapentin is also used to treat restless legs syndrome (RLS).
The Neurontin brand of gabapentin is also used to treat seizures in
adults and children who are at least 3 years old. Routes of
Administration- Administer Gabapentin capsules, USP orally with or
without food. Gabapentin capsules, USP should be swallowed whole
with water. If the Gabapentin capsules, USP dose is reduced,
discontinued, or substituted with an alternative medication, this should
be done gradually over a minimum of 1 week (a longer period may be
needed at the discretion of the prescriber).Common side effects-
Blurred vision, cold or flu-like symptoms, delusions, dementia,
hoarseness, lack or loss of strength, lower back or side pain, swelling of
the hands, feet, or lower legs, trembling or shaking, Clumsiness or
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
unsteadiness, continuous, uncontrolled, back-and-forth, or rolling eye
movements, More common in children, Aggressive behavior or other
behavior problems, anxiety, concentration problems and change in
school performance, crying, depression, false sense of well-being,
hyperactivity or increase in, body movements, rapidly changing moods,
reacting too quickly, too emotional, or overreacting, restlessness,
Suspiciousness or distrust. Serious side effects- Black, tarry stools, chest
pain, chills, cough, depression, irritability, or other mood or mental,
changes, fever, loss of memory, pain or swelling in the arms or legs,
painful or difficult urination, shortness of breath, sore throat, sores,
ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth, swollen glands,
unusual bleeding or bruising, unusual tiredness or weakness
Amoxicillin Class- Aminopenicillins. Brand Name- Moxatag. Amoxicillin is a penicillin
antibiotic that fights bacteria. Amoxicillin is used to treat many different
types of infection caused by bacteria, such as tonsillitis, bronchitis,
pneumonia, gonorrhea, and infections of the ear, nose, throat, skin, or
urinary tract. Amoxicillin is also sometimes used together with another
antibiotic called clarithromycin (Biaxin) to treat stomach ulcers caused
by Helicobacter pylori infection. This combination is sometimes used
with a stomach acid reducer called lansoprazole (Prevacid). Routes of
Administration- Take amoxicillin exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this
medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.
Take this medicine at the same time each day. The Moxatag brand of
amoxicillin should be taken with food, or within 1 hour after eating a
meal. Some forms of amoxicillin may be taken with or without food.
Check your medicine label to see if you should take your medicine with
food or not. You may need to shake the liquid medicine well just before
you measure a dose. Follow the directions on your medicine label.
Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a
special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a
dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. You may place the
liquid directly on the tongue, or you may mix it with water, milk, baby
formula, fruit juice, or ginger ale. Drink all of the mixture right away. Do
not save any for later use. The chewable tablet should be chewed before
you swallow it. Do not crush, chew, or break an extended-release
tablet. Swallow it whole. While using amoxicillin, you may need frequent
blood tests. Your kidney and liver function may also need to be checked.
If you are taking amoxicillin with clarithromycin and/or lansoprazole to
treat stomach ulcer, use all of your medications as directed. Read the
medication guide or patient instructions provided with each medication.
Do not change your doses or medication schedule without your doctor's
advice. Use this medicine for the full prescribed length of time. Your
symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared.
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
Skipping doses may also increase your risk of further infection that is
resistant to antibiotics. Amoxicillin will not treat a viral infection such as
the flu or a common cold. Do not share this medicine with another
person, even if they have the same symptoms you have. This medicine
can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who
treats you that you are using amoxicillin. Store at room temperature
away from moisture, heat, and light. You may store liquid amoxicillin in a
refrigerator but do not allow it to freeze. Throw away any liquid
medicine that is not used within 14 days after it was mixed at the
pharmacy. Common side effects-Bad, unusual, or unpleasant (after)
taste, change in taste. Serious side effects- Abdominal or stomach
cramps or tenderness, back, leg, or stomach pains, black, tarry stools,
bleeding gums, blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin, bloating,
blood in the urine, bloody nose, chest pain, chills, clay-colored stools,
cough, dark urine, diarrhea, diarrhea, watery and severe, which may also
be bloody, difficulty with breathing, difficulty with swallowing, dizziness,
fast heartbeat, feeling of discomfort, fever, general body swelling,
headache, heavier menstrual periods.
Prednisone Class- Glucocorticoids. Brand Name-Rayos, Sterapred. Prednisone is a
corticosteroid. It prevents the release of substances in the body that
cause inflammation. It also suppresses the immune system. Prednisone
is used as an anti-inflammatory or an immunosuppressant medication.
Prednisone treats many different conditions such as allergic disorders,
skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, or breathing
disorders. Prednisone also treats many different conditions such as
allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus,
psoriasis, or breathing disorders. Routes of Administration - Take
prednisone exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on
your prescription label. Your doctor may occasionally change your dose
to make sure you get the best results. Do not take this medicine in larger
or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Take prednisone
with food. Your dosage needs may change if you have any unusual stress
such as a serious illness, fever or infection, or if you have surgery or a
medical emergency. Do not change your medication dose or schedule
without your doctor's advice. Measure liquid prednisone with a special
dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-
measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. Do not crush, chew, or
break a delayed-release tablet. Swallow it whole. While using
prednisone, you may need frequent blood tests at your doctor's office.
Your blood pressure may also need to be checked. This medication can
cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who
treats you that you are using prednisone. You should not stop using
prednisone suddenly. Follow your doctor's instructions about tapering
your dose. Wear a medical alert tag or carry an ID card stating that you
 Top 20 Prescription Drugs
take prednisone. Any medical care provider who treats you should know
that you are using a steroid. Store at room temperature away from
moisture and heat. Common side effects- Aggression, agitation, blurred
vision, decrease in the amount of urine, dizziness, fast, slow, pounding,
or irregular heartbeat or pulse, headache, irritability, mood changes,
noisy, rattling breathing, numbness or tingling in the arms or legs,
pounding in the ears, shortness of breath, swelling of the fingers, hands,
feet, or lower legs trouble thinking, speaking, or walking, troubled
breathing at rest, weight gain, Serious side effects- Abdominal or
stomach cramping or burning (severe), abdominal or stomach pain,
backache, bloody, black, or tarry stools, cough or hoarseness, darkening
of the skin decrease in height, decreased vision, diarrhea, dry, mouth,
eye pain, eye tearing, facial hair growth in females, fainting, fever or
chills, flushed, dry skin, fractures, fruit-like breath odor, full or round
face, neck, or trunk, heartburn or indigestion (severe and continuous),
increased hunger.
Sertraline Class Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Brand Name- Zoloft.
Sertraline is an antidepressant in a group of drugs called selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Sertraline affects chemicals in the
brain that may be unbalanced in people with depression, panic, anxiety,
or obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Sertraline is used to
treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder,
anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Routes of Administration- For
adults and pediatric patients, subsequent dosages may be increased in
case of an inadequate response in 25 mg to 50 mg per day increments
once a week, depending on tolerability, up to a maximum of 200 mg per
day. Given the 24-hour elimination half-life of Sertraline, the
recommended interval between dose changes is one week. The
recommended starting Sertraline dosage in adult women with PMDD is
50 mg per day. Sertraline may be administered either continuously
(every day throughout the menstrual cycle) or intermittently (only
during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, i.e., starting the daily
dosage 14 days prior to the anticipated onset of menstruation and
continuing through the onset of menses). Intermittent dosing would be
repeated with each new cycle. Take sertraline exactly as prescribed by
your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor
may occasionally change your dose. Do not take this medicine in larger
or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Sertraline may be
taken with or without food. Try to take the medicine at the same time
each day. The liquid (oral concentrate) form of sertraline must be diluted
before you take it. To be sure you get the correct dose, measure the
liquid with the medicine dropper provided. Mix the dose with 4 ounces
(one-half cup) of water, ginger ale, lemon/lime soda, lemonade, or
Top 20 Prescription Drugs
orange juice. Do not use any other liquids to dilute the medicine. Stir this
mixture and drink all of it right away. To make sure you get the entire
dose, add a little more water to the same glass, swirl gently and drink
right away. Sertraline can cause you to have a false positive drug
screening test. If you provide a urine sample for drug screening, tell the
laboratory staff that you are taking sertraline. It may take up to 4 weeks
before your symptoms improve. Keep using the medication as directed
and tell your doctor if your symptoms do not improve. Do not stop using
sertraline suddenly, or you could have unpleasant withdrawal
symptoms. Ask your doctor how to safely stop using sertraline. Store at
room temperature away from moisture and heat. Common side effects-
Decreased sexual desire or ability, failure to discharge semen (in men),
Acid or sour stomach, belching, decreased appetite or weight loss,
diarrhea or loose stools, heartburn, sleepiness or unusual drowsiness,
stomach or abdominal cramps, gas, or pain, trouble sleeping, Serious
side effects- Aggressive reaction, breast tenderness or enlargement,
Confusion, convulsions, diarrhea, drowsiness, dryness of the mouth, fast
talking and excited feelings or actions that are out of control, fever,
inability to sit still, increase in body movements, increased sweating,
increased thirst, lack of energy, loss of bladder control, mood or
behavior changes, muscle spasm or jerking of all extremities,
nosebleeds, overactive reflexes, racing heartbeat, red or purple spots on
the skin, restlessness, shivering, skin rash, hives, or itching, sudden loss
of consciousness, unusual or sudden body or facial movements or
postures, unusual secretion of milk (in females)