Funciones Sql

ABS (N) RTRIM (cad, [set])

CEIL (N) REPLACE(cad, cad-busc [, cad-sustit])
FLOOR (N) SUBSTR (cad, m [,n])
MOD (M,N) TRANSLATE(cad1, cad2, cad3)
NVL (valor, expresin) SOUNDEX (cadena)
POWER (m, exponente) ASCII (cad)
ROUND (nmero [,m]) INSTR (cad1, cad2 [,comienzo [,m] ] )
SIGN (valor) LENGTH (cad)
SQRT (n) SYSDATE
TRUNC (numero [,m]) ADD_MONTHS (fecha, n)
VARIANCE (valor) LAST_DAY (fecha)
AVG (n) MONTHS_BETWEEN(fecha1, fecha2)
COUNT (* | expresin) NEXT_DAY (fecha, cad)
MAX (expresin) TO_CHAR ( fecha, formato)
MIN (expresin) TO_CHAR ( numero, formato)
SUM (expresin) TO_NUMBER (cadena [,'formato'])
GREATEST (valor1, ..., valorn) TO_DATE (cad, formato)
LEAST (valor1, ..., valorn) DECODE (var, val1, cod1, ...., valn, codn,def)
CHR (n) DUMP (cad [, format [,comienzo [,longitud]]])
CONCAT (cad1, cad2) VSIZE (expresin)
LOWER (cad) USER
UPPER (cad) UID
INITCAP (cad)
LPAD (cad1, n, [,cad2])
RPAD (cad1, n, [,cad2])
LTRIM (cad, [set])
Operadores de conjuntos:

UNION UNION ALL INTERSECT MINUS

Formatos DML:

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] [expr1, ...., expr n | *]

FROM tabla1 [, tabla 2, ... , tabla n]
[ WHERE condicin ]
[ CONNECT BY [PRIOR] expresin = [PRIOR] expresin
START WITH expresin = expresin]
[GROUP BY expresin [, expresin] ....]
[HAVING condicin]
[ORDER BY expresin [DESC | ASC ] ....];

INSERT INTO nom_tabla [ (col1, ..., coln)] INSERT INTO nom_tabla [ (col1, ..., coln)]
VALUES (val1, ... , val n); SELECT columna1, ...., columna n
FROM nom_tabla2 ....

UPDATE nombre_tabla UPDATE nombre_tabla UPDATE nombre_tabla

SET col1 = val1, col2 = val2, .... SET col1 = val1, col2 = val2, .... SET col1, col2... = SELECT ( c1, c2...)
WHERE condicin; WHERE col3 = (SELECT ... WHERE condicin;

DELETE [FROM] NombreTabla

WHERE condicin;

Formatos DDL:

CREATE TABLE NombreTabla

(
Columna1 TipoDato [CONSTRAINT nombre_restriccin restriccin_de_columna],
Columna2 TipoDato [CONSTRAINT nombre_restriccin restriccin_de_columna],
....
ColumnaN TipoDato [CONSTRAINT nombre_restriccin restriccin_de_columna],
[restricciones de tabla]
)[TABLESPACE nombre_ts];

Restricciones posibles:

PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL UNIQUE CHECK condicin DEFAULT valor

FOREIGN KEY (col1, ..., coln) REFERENCES.nom_tabla ON DELETE CASCADE

DROP TABLE nombre_tabla [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];

TRUNCATE TABLE nombretabla;

ALTER TABLE nombre_tabla

{ [ADD (col1 [,col2, ...., coln])] |
[MODIFY (col1 [,col2, ...., coln])] |
[ADD CONSTRAINT restriccion] |
[DROP CONSTRAINT restriccin] };

CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW NombreVista [(col1, ... , coln)]

AS consulta;

DROP VIEW NombreVista;

CREATE [PUBLIC] SYNONYM NombreSinnimo FOR NombreTabla;

DROP [PUBLIC] SYNONYM NombreSinnimo;

RENAME NombreAntiguo TO NombreNuevo;

Creacin de Usuario:

(Entrando como usuario System, password Manager)

CREATE USER NombreUsuario

IDENTIFIED BY Password
DEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS;
GRANT CONNECT TO NombreUsuario;
GRANT RESOURCE TO NombreUsuario;