WEEK4 CHAPTER1 MAT455

1.3 POWER SERIES [Page 647 - 665]

1.3.1 Power Series in x.

A power series is a series of the form

=0 = 0 + 1 + 2 2 + 3 3 +.

where x is a variable and the are constants called the coefficients of the series.

Radius and Interval of Convergence

If a numerical value is substituted for x in a power series , then the
resulting series of constant may either converge or diverge.
For which the power series in x converges, the set of values is always centered at
0, which is called the interval of convergence.

ROC = 0 Diverges Diverges Series converge only for = 0.

0

ROC = Converges Series converge absolutely for all real values of x

0 -hence, converges.

ROC = R Converges Series converge absolutely for all real values of x

-R 0 R in the interval (-R,R) . -hence, converges.

1.3.2 Power Series in (x-x0).

A power series is a series of the form

=0 ( 0 ) = 0 + 1 ( 0 ) + 2 ( 0 )2 + 3 ( 0 )3 +.

where x is a variable and the are constants called the coefficients of the series.

Radius and Interval of Convergence

If a numerical value is substituted for x in a power series ( 0 ) , then
the resulting series of constant may either converge or diverge.

For which the power series in 0 converges, the set of values is always at an
interval centered at = 0 , which is called the interval of convergence.

ROC = 0 Diverges Diverges Series converge only for = 0 .

0

ROC = Converges Series converge absolutely for all real values of x

0 -hence, converges.

ROC = R Converges Series converge absolutely for all real values of x

0 -R 0 0 + R in the interval (0 -R, 0 +R) .
-hence, converges.

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WEEK4 CHAPTER1 MAT455

NOTE:
A power series may converge for some values of x and diverge for other values of x.
The convergence interval can be obtained by first using the ratio test for absolute
convergence and supplemented by other tests for the endpoints of the convergence
interval.

Example

(3)
a) For what values of x is the series =1 converge?

(3)
b) Find the interval of convergence for =1 .
+1

(+2)
c) Find the interval of convergence for =1 3 +1 .

d) For what values of x is the series =1 ! convergent?

e) Find the domain of the Bessel function of order 0 defined by

2
(1)
0 = =0 22 (!)2

2 +1 (1)
f) Determine the interval of convergence for the series =1 .
4 (+1)

EXAM JUNE 2013

( x 5)k
Determine the interval of convergence of the series
k 1 k 2k
is absolutely convergent or

conditionally convergent or absolutely divergent.

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