Sans 1083 (2013)

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ISBN 978-626-28843-3
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Aggregates from natural sources

Aggregates for concrete
Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
SABS
Copyright protected. Licensed to Jacqueline Epstein of Knight Piesold (Pty) Ltd. Single-user licence only; copying and
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Amdt 1 2002 Has been amended to correct a reference in the note to clause 4
and to update referenced standards.
Amdt 2 2006 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS
standards, to update the layout of definitions and to update the
referenced standards.
Amdt 3 2013 Amended to modify the introduction, update referenced
standards, to modify the definitions of aggregate, coarse
aggregate and fine aggregate, change the sieve grading sizes
and modify the requirements for coarse aggregate for use in
concrete.
Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59A, Construction
standards Cement, lime and concrete, in accordance with procedures of SABS Standards
Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
This document was published in July 2013.
This document supersedes SANS 1083:2006 (edition 2.2).
A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment
No. 3.
This document is referenced in the Firearms Control Act, 2000 (Act No. 60 of 2000).
Introduction
This standard contains requirements for aggregates derived from natural sources that yield material
of suitable characteristics and which, after normal processing (if necessary), can be safely used for
most concrete work. However, it does not cover requirements for all the properties of an aggregate.
Some of these properties could be important and, if not established to be satisfactory, could result
in the production of concrete of inferior quality, especially with regard to long-term performance.
Amdt 3
Authoritative technical literature should be consulted for guidance on the further investigation of an
aggregate to verify its suitability for use in concrete for any particular application. Such further
investigation could indicate that an aggregate that does not comply with the requirements of this
standard might nevertheless be suitable for use in any type of concrete or in concrete for specific
uses only. It must be emphasized, however, that an aggregate that has been found satisfactory
either through past performance or by other means, but that does not comply with the requirements
of this standard, cannot be claimed to comply with it.
Aggregates that do not comply with the requirements of this standard should only be used after all
the consequences have been considered, and provided that the user possesses the necessary
expertise in the use of such materials.
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
Contents
Page
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 3
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 3
3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 4
4 Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 4
5 Documentation ....................................................................................................................... 10
6 Inspection and methods of test .............................................................................................. 10
6.1 Inspection ..................................................................................................................... 10

6.2 Test for grading ............................................................................................................ 10
6.3 Test for dust content .................................................................................................... 10
6.4 Test for methylene blue adsorption .............................................................................. 10
6.5 Test for clay content ..................................................................................................... 10
6.6 Test for fineness modulus ............................................................................................ 10
6.7 Test for chloride content ............................................................................................... 10
6.8 Test for organic impurities ............................................................................................ 10
6.9 Test for presence of sugar ........................................................................................... 10
6.10 Test for soluble deleterious impurities ......................................................................... 11
6.11 Test for aggregate crushing value ............................................................................... 11
6.12 Test for 10 % FACT value ............................................................................................ 11
6.13 Test for flakiness index ................................................................................................ 11
Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers ............................................................................. 12
Annex B (informative) Quality verification of aggregates for concrete ...................................... 13
Annex C (informative) Notes on tests and guidance on the use of aggregate

for concrete ............................................................................................ 14
Annex D (informative) Bibliography .......................................................................................... 16
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Edition 2.3
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2
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
Aggregates from natural sources Aggregates for concrete
1 Scope
This standard specifies requirements for fine and coarse aggregates from natural sources for use in
concrete.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this standard. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a standard is deemed to
be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this standard are
encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.
Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS
Standards Division
.
SANS 202, Chloride content aggregates.
SANS 3001-AG1:2009, Civil engineering test methods Part AG1: Particle size analysis of
aggregates by sieving. Amdt 3
SANS 3001-AG10, Civil engineering test methods Part AG10: ACV (aggregate crushing value)
and 10 % FACT (fines aggregate crushing test) values of coarse aggregates. Amdt 3
SANS 3310-1/ISO 3310-1, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves
of metal wire cloth. Amdt 1
SANS 3310-2/ISO 3310-2, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves
of perforated metal plate. Amdt 1
SANS 5832, Organic impurities in fine aggregates (limit test).
SANS 5833, Detection of sugar in fine aggregates.
SANS 5834, Soluble deleterious impurities in fine aggregates (limit test).
SANS 5847, Flakiness index of coarse aggregates.
SANS 6243, Deleterious clay content of the fines in aggregate (methylene blue adsorption indicator
test).
SANS 6244, Particles of diameter not exceeding 20 m and not exceeding 5 m and smaller,
respectively, in fine aggregate (pipette method).
3
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1
aggregate
material formed by the natural disintegration of rock, or produced by the mechanical crushing or
milling of rock Amdt 3
3.2
coarse aggregate
aggregate of particle size such (to the extent specified in the standard) that it is retained on a sieve
that has square apertures of nominal size either 4 750 m or 5mm as referenced in 4.1
SANS 3001-AG1:2009. Amdt 3
3.3
fine aggregate
aggregate of particle size such (to the extent specified in the standard) that at least 90 % of its mass
passes a sieve that has a square apertures of nominal size of 4 750 m or 5 mm as referenced in
4.1 of SANS 3001-AG1:2009 and is retained on a sieve that has square apertures of nominal size
75 m Amdt 3
3.4
type (of aggregate)
denotes the intended use of the aggregate
4 Requirements
NOTE This clause contains the basic requirements for aggregates that are known not to contain deleterious
contaminants other than those for which limits have been laid down in this standard and that can be complied
with by normal processing, including washing with water. Aggregates derived from sources that yield material
of unknown or suspect mineralogical and performance characteristics need to be subjected to further testing.
Consult annex C for guidance on the interpretation of results so obtained. (See also the introduction to this
standard.) Amdt 1
4.1 Class of aggregate

Aggregate shall be one of the following classes:
a) aggregate formed by the natural disintegration of rock;
b) aggregate produced by the mechanical crushing or milling of rock; and
c) aggregate derived from a mixture (blend) of (a) and (b) above.
4.2 Fine aggregate

4.2.1 General
Fine aggregate for use in concrete shall be of one of the classes given in 4.1, as required (see
annex A). Fine aggregate shall, subject to the requirements of 4.2.2 to 4.2.4, comply with the
requirements given in table 1, appropriate to the class.
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SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
4.2.2 Grading
If a specific grading for a specific purpose is required, the grading limits for the fine aggregate in
respect of sieves of aperture sizes 2 360 m, 1 180 m, 600 m , 300 m or 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm,
600 m and 300 m as referenced in 4.1 of SANS 3001-AG1:2009 shall be as required (see annex
A), subject to adherence to the requirement for fineness modulus (see 4.2.4). Amdt 3
4.2.3 Dust content
4.2.3.1 Increase in limit for mixtures
The limit of dust content given in column 2 of table 1, in respect of a mixture (blend) of fine
aggregate (see 4.1(c)) is applicable to any mixture of which the proportional representation of the
classes in the mixture is not known. If these proportions are known, the relevant requirement given
in columns 2 and 3 of table 1 may be increased (see 4.2.3.2), using the values given in columns 2
and 3 of table 1, as follows:
xa + yb
D =
100
where
D is the maximum permissible dust content of a mixture, as a mass percentage;
x is the percentage representation of material derived from the natural disintegration of rock;
a is the limit given in column 2 of table 1;
y is the percentage representation of material derived from the mechanical crushing or

milling of rock; and
b is the limit given in column 3 of table 1.
4.2.3.2 Maximum limits
The limits for dust content given in column 2 and 3 of table 1 may be increased to 10 % and 20 %
respectively, provided that
a) the fine aggregate complies with the requirement for the methylene blue adsorption value (see
table 1), or
b) the fine aggregate complies with the requirement for clay content (see table 1).
NOTE The following sequential procedure for the evaluation of a sample of fine aggregate in respect of dust
and clay content is recommended:
a) Determine the dust content and, if the value does not exceed the limits given in column 2 or 3 of table 1, as
appropriate, accept the sample.
b) If the dust content exceeds the limits given in column 2 or 3 of table 1, as appropriate, but does not exceed
the increased values provided for in 4.2.3, conduct the methylene blue adsorption test. If the sample
complies with the requirement given in table 1 for this property, accept the sample.
c) If the sample does not comply with the requirement for the methylene blue adsorption test, determine the
clay content. If the clay content does not exceed the limit given in table 1, accept the sample.
d) If the clay content exceeds the limit given in table 1, reject the sample.
5
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
4.2.4 Fineness modulus
The fineness modulus of a fine aggregate shall not deviate by more than 0,2 from the value as
stated in respect of a delivery of fine aggregate during a contract (see 5(b)). When relevant, the
range within which the fineness modulus falls shall be as required (see annex A). However, the
fineness modulus shall in all cases fall within the limits given in table 1.
4.3 Coarse aggregate
4.3.1 Coarse aggregate for use in concrete shall comply with the requirements given in table 2,
appropriate to the type and nominal size required (see annex A).
4.3.2 If the grading of any nominal size of aggregate as given in table 2 (except for aggregate of
nominal size 6,7 mm or 7,1 mm as referenced in 4.1 of SANS 3001-AG1:2009 is required to be
uniform in respect of any delivery during a contract, the supplier shall state the coefficient of
uniformity (Ua) that can be maintained for the duration of such contract from a specific source
(see 5(c)). The stated coefficient of uniformity shall be subject to a deviation as agreed upon (see
annex A). Amdt 3
The coefficient of uniformity (Ua) is calculated as follows:
D60
Ua =
D30
where
Ua is the adjusted uniformity coefficient;
D60 is the sieve aperture size (hypothetical) through which 60 % of the mass of the material
passes; and
D30 is the sieve aperture size (hypothetical) through which 30 % of the mass of the material
passes.
NOTE The sieve aperture size of which 60 % and 30 % of the mass of the material passes can be determined
with the aid of a grading curve of the aggregate tested (using normal graph paper with enlarged scale), or can
be calculated from the results.
6
Table 1 Fine aggregate for concrete
1 2 3 4
Class
Fine aggregate derived from the natural disintegration Fine aggregate derived
Property of rock and any mixture (blend) of this class and fine from the mechanical Test method
aggregate derived from the mechanical crushing crushing or milling subclause
or milling of rock of rock
1)
Grading, mass percentage that passes sieves that have 6.2
square apertures of nominal size
5 000 m 92 100
4 750 m 90 100
150 m 5 25
1)
Dust content, material that passing a 75 m sieve , mass 6.3
2) 2)
percentage, max. 5 10
3)
Methylene blue adsorption value , max. 0,7 6.4
4)
Clay content , material of particle size smaller than 5 m, 6.5
mass percentage, max. 2,0
Fineness modulus 1,2 3,5 6.6
5)
Chloride content , expressed as Cl , mass percentage, max. Fine aggregate for 6.7
concrete for prestressing : 0,01
normal reinforced concrete : 0,03
non-reinforced concrete : 0,03
Organic impurities The colour of the liquid above the fine aggregate shall not be 6.8
darker than the colour of the reference solution, except that
this requirement shall not be applicable if the fine aggregate
complies with the requirement for soluble deleterious
impurities.
SANS1083:2013
Amdt 3
Edition 2.3
7
Edition 2.3
SANS1083:2013
8
Table 1 (concluded)
1 2 3 4
Class
Fine aggregate derived from the natural disintegration Fine aggregate derived
Property of rock and any mixture (blend) of this class and fine from the mechanical Test method
aggregate derived from the mechanical crushing crushing or milling subclause
or milling of rock of rock
Presence of sugar Free from sugar unless the fine aggregate complies with the 6.9

requirement for soluble deleterious impurities.
Soluble deleterious impurities The strength of specimens made with the fine aggregate shall 6.10
be at least 85 % of that of the specimens made with the same
fine aggregate after it has been washed, except that this

requirement shall not be applicable if the fine aggregate
complies with the requirements both for organic impurities and
for the presence of sugar.
1) Complying with SANS 3310-1 or SANS 3310-2.
2) These limits may be exceeded under certain circumstances (see 4.2.3).
3) Applicable only if dust content exceeds limit given in the table (see 4.2.3).
4) Applicable only if dust content and methylene blue adsorption values exceed the relevant limits given in the table (see 4.2.3). For the purpose of this requirement, the
clay content is defined as 5 m material which might not all be clay minerals. The clay content of this 5 m fraction is likely to be appreciable if the methylene
blue adsorption value exceeds the relevant limit given in the table.
5) Caution must be exercised on sites where fine aggregate is prepared (or delivered) for the making of prestressed and other concrete for which the chloride content is
specifically restricted (see the table). Stockpiles of such fine aggregate should be kept well apart from other fine aggregate and should properly marked. Suppliers of
fine aggregate derived from the crushing or milling of rock are cautioned that, whereas the parent rock could be relatively free from chlorides, washing of such
aggregate with water that contains an excessive amount of chlorides could cause the chloride content of the resulting fine aggregate to exceed the specified limits.
Amdt 1
Table 2 Coarse aggregate for concrete
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Requirement
Test method
Property Nominal size of aggregate
subclause
mm
Grading1), mass percentage of material that passes sieves2) of nominal aperture size,
75,0 53,0 37,5 26,5 19,0 13,2 9,5 6,7
mm 6.2
75,0 100 100
53,0 0 50 85 100 100
50,0 0 - 43 70 - 85 98 - 100
37,5 0 25 0 50 85 100 100
28,0 0-7 0 - 28 15 - 55 90 - 100
26,5 05 0 25 0 50 85 100 100
20,0 07 0 - 28 15 - 55 90 - 100
19,0 05 0 25 0 50 85 100 100
14,0 0-7 0 - 28 15 - 55 90 - 100
13,2 05 0 25 0 50 85 100 100
10,0 0-7 0 - 28 15 - 55 9 - 100
9,5 05 0 25 0 55 85 100 100
7,1 0-9 0 - 30 25 - 58 92 - 100
6,7 05 0 25 0 55 85 100
5,0 0-7 0 - 28 15 - 55
4,75 05 0 25 0 55
2,36 05 0 25
2,0 0-4 0 - 28
1,18 05
1,0 0-4
Dust content, material that passes a 75 m sieve2), mass percentage, max. 2 6.3
Aggregate crushing value (ACV)3), of less than 13,2 mm and more than 9,5 mm fraction 6.11
29
SANS 1083:2013
(dry), mass percentage, max.
10 % FACT value, of less than 13,2 mm and more than 9,5 mm fraction (dry), kN, min. Coarse aggregate for use in concrete subject to surface abrasion, structural elements of reinforced or prestressed 6.12
concrete (or both): 110
Flakiness index, max. 35 6.13
Edition 2.3
1) Other gradings are permitted if so required (see annex A). Such a grading shall be specified in terms of the appropriate nominal sizes specified in the table.
2) Complying with SANS 3310-1 or SANS 3310-2.
3) Optional alternative to the 10 % FACT value.
9
Amdt 3
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
5 Documentation
The following information shall appear on the documents that accompany each delivery of
aggregate or that pertain to each bin or stockpile of aggregate:
a) the class (see 4.1);
b) in the case of fine aggregate, the nominal value for fineness modulus and the maximum chloride
-
(Cl ) content, as relevant; and
c) in the case of coarse aggregate, the nominal size, the coefficient of uniformity (when relevant),
the proportional blend of nominal sizes (when relevant), and whether the coarse aggregate is
suitable for use in concrete subject to surface abrasion.
6 Inspection and methods of test

6.1 Inspection
Visually examine each delivery of aggregate to ensure that the description of the aggregate
complies with the requirements given in the order or contract and that the aggregate has not been
contaminated with foreign matter.
6.2 Test for grading

Use SANS 3001-AG1. Amdt 3
6.3 Test for dust content

6.4 Test for methylene blue adsorption

Use SANS 6243.
6.5 Test for clay content

Use SANS 6244.
6.6 Test for fineness modulus

6.7 Test for chloride content

Use SANS 202.
6.8 Test for organic impurities

Use SANS 5832.
6.9 Test for presence of sugar

Use SANS 5833.
10
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
6.10 Test for soluble deleterious impurities

Use SANS 5834.
6.11 Test for aggregate crushing value

6.12 Test for 10 % FACT value

6.13 Test for flakiness index

Use SANS 5847.
11
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
Annex A
(normative)
Notes to purchasers
A.1 The following requirements shall be specified in tender invitations and in each order or
contract:
a) the class of fine aggregate (see 4.2.1);
b) the grading limits in respect of aperture sizes 2 630 m, 1 180 m, 600 m and 300 m or 5 mm,
2 mm, 1 mm, 600 m and 300 m as referenced in 4.1 of SANS 3001-AG1:2009, if a specific
grading is needed for a specific purpose (see 4.2.2); Amdt 3
c) when relevant, the range within which the fineness modulus shall fall (see 4.2.4);
d) the type and nominal size of coarse aggregate (see 4.3.1);
e) the grading of coarse aggregate, if other than that given in table 2.
A.2 The following requirements shall be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser:
a) a permissible variation of the stated coefficient of uniformity (see 4.3.2 and 5(c);
b) the history of the particular aggregate type and source regarding alkali-silica reactivity and, if
available, the latest test results (see C.2.2(k)).
12
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
Annex B
(informative)
Quality verification of aggregates for concrete
B.1 When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of aggregates, it is suggested
that, instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his attention to
the manufacturers quality system. In this connection it should be noted that SANS 9001 covers the
provision of an integrated system. Amdt 1
B.2 If no information about the implementation of quality control or testing during manufacture is
available to help in the assessing of the quality of a consignment, and a purchaser wishes to
establish by inspection and testing of samples of the final product whether a consignment of the
aggregates complies with this standard, a sampling plan based on applicable statistical principles
should be agreed upon between the supplier and purchaser.
It must be noted that:
a) such a sampling plan applies only to ready-for-use aggregates sampled in accordance with an
agreed procedure, and
b) if, in terms of the sampling plan, the procedures given in SANS 195 are to be used, a clear
statement should be made as to the objective of the sampling as described in the method.
13
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
Annex C
(informative)
Notes on tests and guidance on the use of aggregate for concrete
C.1 General
The notes in this annex are of very general nature, since specific details can best be given in
publications by authorities who possess expert knowledge of the various aspects related to
concrete and its constituents. Information about titles of relevant publications can be obtained from
the above institutions direct or from the SABS Standards Division.
Any information given in the aforementioned publications should not be construed as being
alternative or optional requirements to those given in this standard but as additional information to
assist in the assessment of aggregate for its suitability for use in concrete, especially for special
applications. The determination of properties additional to those covered in this standard should,
wherever possible, be conducted in accordance with national standard methods.
C.2 Notes on tests

C.2.1 Tests specified in this standard
Although in the introduction to this standard it is implied that aggregates that comply with the
requirements of the standard can be safely used for most concrete work, it must be realized that the
limits for some requirements, e.g. those for grading, are fairly wide, and that for specific
applications, the requirements may need to be confined to finer limits appropriate to the intended
use of the aggregates, but that these limits should always lie within the limits set in this standard. It
is not possible to cover all the possibilities in a standard and therefore recourse must be taken to
authoritative literature as referred to in C.1.
C.2.2 Tests for properties not covered in this standard

When nothing is known about the mineralogical and performance characteristics of aggregate from
a particular source, it is wise to subject the material to a thorough petrographic examination before
use. Such an examination can be carried out on the parent rock, or on an aggregate produced by
the crushing of the rock, or on aggregate formed by the natural disintegration of rock. In all cases, it
is recommended that a thorough geological survey of the deposit be undertaken in order that
samples taken for examination are representative of the source that is subject to exploration and
potential utilization. The interpretation of a petrograhic examination by a competent petrologist or
specialist geologist will indicate to what extent tests, in addition to those specified in this standard,
will need to be carried out to verify the suitability of the aggregate for use in concrete.
Examples of additional properties that could be considered for determination, and for which
interpretation of the results will be required, are listed below:
a) the presence of sulfates or sulfides (or both);
b) the presence of shell;
c) water absorption;
d) shrinkage;
e) soundness and durability;
14
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
f) shape, surface texture and water requirement;
g) presence of material of low density;
h) friability;
i) abrasion resistance
j) solubility in acid;
k) alkali-silica reactivity;
l) polished-stone value; and
m) sand equivalent.
C.3 The use of aggregate for concrete

C.3.1 General
Modern concepts in the field of concrete technology require careful consideration during the
proportioning of concrete mixes to achieve all the desired properties of both fresh and hardened
concrete. Whether concrete is made of aggregate that complies with this standard or, where such
aggregates are not available, with aggregate that does not comply with this standard, all the
necessary factors that affect the end results should be considered.
C.3.2 Aggregate that complies with the requirements of this standard

As inferred in C.2.1, the actual properties of aggregate that complies with the requirements of this
standard should be considered, to ensure that concrete made with the aggregate is so proportioned
that the characteristics required for a particular application are obtained.
C.3.3 Aggregate that does not comply with the requirements of this standard
If the use of aggregate that does not comply with the requirements of this standard is unavoidable,
utmost care must be taken in the assessment of all the properties of the aggregate, to ensure that
the characteristics of concrete made with the aggregates are not impaired. The long-term durability
of concrete should be considered in particular.
15
SANS 1083:2013
Edition 2.3
Annex D
(informative)
Bibliography
SANS 195, Sampling of aggregates.
SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems Requirements. Amdt 1
SABS
16
SABS Standards Division
The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African
National Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008).
Amendments and Revisions
South African National Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of South African
National Standards should ensure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.
The SABS continuously strives to improve the quality of its products and services and would
therefore be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this standard would
inform the secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found in
the foreword.
The SABS offers an individual notification service, which ensures that subscribers automatically
receive notification regarding amendments and revisions to South African National Standards.
Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6883 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: sales@sabs.co.za
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SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Aggregates from natural sources

Published by SABS Standards Division

This document was published in July 2013.

This document supersedes SANS 1083:2006 (edition 2.2).

2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 3

6 Inspection and methods of test .............................................................................................. 10

6.1 Inspection ..................................................................................................................... 10

Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers ............................................................................. 12

Annex B (informative) Quality verification of aggregates for concrete ...................................... 13

Annex C (informative) Notes on tests and guidance on the use of aggregate

Annex D (informative) Bibliography .......................................................................................... 16

This page is intentionally left blank

Aggregates from natural sources Aggregates for concrete

SANS 5832, Organic impurities in fine aggregates (limit test).

SANS 5833, Detection of sugar in fine aggregates.

SANS 5834, Soluble deleterious impurities in fine aggregates (limit test).

SANS 5847, Flakiness index of coarse aggregates.

4.1 Class of aggregate

a) aggregate formed by the natural disintegration of rock;

b) aggregate produced by the mechanical crushing or milling of rock; and

c) aggregate derived from a mixture (blend) of (a) and (b) above.

4.2 Fine aggregate

4.2.3 Dust content

4.2.3.1 Increase in limit for mixtures

D is the maximum permissible dust content of a mixture, as a mass percentage;

a is the limit given in column 2 of table 1;

y is the percentage representation of material derived from the mechanical crushing or

b is the limit given in column 3 of table 1.

4.2.3.2 Maximum limits

4.2.4 Fineness modulus

4.3 Coarse aggregate

The coefficient of uniformity (Ua) is calculated as follows:

Ua is the adjusted uniformity coefficient;

Table 1 Fine aggregate for concrete

Table 2 Coarse aggregate for concrete

a) the class (see 4.1);

6 Inspection and methods of test

6.2 Test for grading

6.3 Test for dust content

6.4 Test for methylene blue adsorption

6.5 Test for clay content

6.6 Test for fineness modulus

6.7 Test for chloride content

6.8 Test for organic impurities

6.9 Test for presence of sugar

6.10 Test for soluble deleterious impurities

6.11 Test for aggregate crushing value

6.12 Test for 10 % FACT value

6.13 Test for flakiness index

a) the class of fine aggregate (see 4.2.1);

d) the type and nominal size of coarse aggregate (see 4.3.1);

e) the grading of coarse aggregate, if other than that given in table 2.

Quality verification of aggregates for concrete

It must be noted that:

Notes on tests and guidance on the use of aggregate for concrete

C.2 Notes on tests

C.2.2 Tests for properties not covered in this standard

a) the presence of sulfates or sulfides (or both);

b) the presence of shell;

e) soundness and durability;