MONTHLY ETO PENMAN-MONTEITH DATA

(File: F:\irrigation edited\Onion\climate.PEM)

Country: Ethiopia Station: Mekele

Altitude: 2061 m. Latitude: 13.23 N Longitude: 39.53 E

Month Min Temp Max Temp Humidity Wind Sun Rad ETo
C C % km/day hours MJ/m/day mm/day

January 7.4 23.7 74 130 9.6 20.5 3.49

February 7.5 25.0 74 138 9.6 22.1 3.94
March 10.3 26.0 70 147 9.5 23.5 4.47
April 12.3 26.2 66 147 9.3 23.9 4.75
May 12.3 26.2 58 173 10.0 24.7 5.13
June 12.3 27.1 61 156 9.0 22.8 4.87
July 12.3 23.8 88 147 6.8 19.6 3.60
August 12.3 23.2 91 147 6.3 19.0 3.38
September 10.8 25.1 77 147 9.3 23.3 4.31
October 10.6 24.3 66 173 9.6 22.4 4.31
November 9.0 23.2 68 112 9.3 20.4 3.58
December 7.0 22.6 74 104 9.6 19.9 3.24

Average 10.3 24.7 72 143 9.0 21.9 4.09

MONTHLY RAIN DATA

(File: F:\irrigation edited\Onion\rain.CRM)

Station: Mekele

Eff. rain method: USDA Soil Conservation Service formula:

Peff = Pmon * (125 - 0.2 * Pmon) / 125 for Pmon <= 250 mm
Peff = 125 + 0.1 * Pmon for Pmon > 250 mm

Rain Eff rain

mm mm

January 2.0 2.0

February 26.0 24.9
March 44.0 40.9
April 49.0 45.2
May 15.0 14.6
June 12.0 11.8
July 176.0 126.4
August 201.0 136.4
September 32.0 30.4
October 11.0 10.8
November 4.0 4.0
December 6.0 5.9

Total 578.0 453.3

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 DRY CROP DATA
(File: F:\irrigation edited\Onion\crop.CRO)

Crop Name: Onion (dry) Planting date: 01/01 Harvest: 29/07

Stage initial develop mid late total

Length (days) 20 35 110 45 210

Kc Values 0.70 --> 1.05 0.75
Rooting depth (m) 0.30 --> 0.60 0.60
Critical depletion 0.30 --> 0.30 0.30
Yield response f. 0.45 1.00 0.80 0.30 1.10
Cropheight (m) 0.40

SOIL DATA
(File: F:\irrigation edited\Onion\BLACK CLAY SOIL.SOI)

Soil name: BLACK CLAY SOIL (O)

General soil data:

Total available soil moisture (FC - WP) 200.0 mm/meter

Maximum rain infiltration rate 30 mm/day
Maximum rooting depth 600 centimeters
Initial soil moisture depletion (as % TA 50 %
Initial available soil moisture 100.0 mm/meter

CROPPING PATTERN DATA

(File: F:\irrigation edited\crop pattern.PAT)

Cropping pattern name: Croppattern

Planting Harvest Area

No. Crop file Crop name date date %

1 F:\irrigation edited Onion (dry) 01/01 29/07 25

2 F:\irrigation edited Tomato 01/01 15/05 20
3 F:\irrigation edited Maize 30/12 18/05 30
4 F:\irrigation edited Barley 15/07 11/12 25

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 CROP WATER REQUIREMENTS

ETo station: Mekele Crop: Onion (dry)

Rain station: Mekele Planting date: 01/01

Month Decade Stage Kc ETc ETc Eff rain Irr. Req.

coeff mm/day mm/dec mm/dec mm/dec

Jan 1 Init 0.70 2.39 23.9 0.4 23.4

Jan 2 Init 0.70 2.44 24.4 0.0 24.4
Jan 3 Deve 0.76 2.77 30.5 1.7 28.8
Feb 1 Deve 0.87 3.29 32.9 6.0 26.9
Feb 2 Deve 0.97 3.82 38.2 8.6 29.6
Feb 3 Mid 1.05 4.32 34.5 10.3 24.2
Mar 1 Mid 1.06 4.53 45.3 12.2 33.1
Mar 2 Mid 1.06 4.72 47.2 14.1 33.0
Mar 3 Mid 1.06 4.82 53.0 14.4 38.5
Apr 1 Mid 1.06 4.92 49.2 15.6 33.5
Apr 2 Mid 1.06 5.02 50.2 16.7 33.5
Apr 3 Mid 1.06 5.15 51.5 12.7 38.8
May 1 Mid 1.06 5.29 52.9 7.4 45.5
May 2 Mid 1.06 5.42 54.2 3.6 50.6
May 3 Mid 1.06 5.33 58.6 3.7 54.9
Jun 1 Mid 1.06 5.31 53.1 1.2 51.8
Jun 2 Late 1.04 5.17 51.7 0.0 51.7
Jun 3 Late 0.98 4.41 44.1 10.7 33.4
Jul 1 Late 0.91 3.59 35.9 32.7 3.2
Jul 2 Late 0.84 2.93 29.3 47.1 0.0
Jul 3 Late 0.77 2.67 24.0 38.1 0.0

884.5 257.2 659.2

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 CROP IRRIGATION SCHEDULE

ETo station: Mekele Crop: Onion (dry) Planting date: 01/01

Rain station: Mekele Soil: BLACK CLAY SOIL (O) Harvest date: 29/07

Yield red.: 0.1 %

Crop scheduling options

Timing: Irrigate at 100 % depletion
Application: Refill to 100 % of field capacity
Field eff. 60 %

Table format: Irrigation schedule

Date Day Stage Rain Ks Eta Depl Net IrrDeficit Loss Gr. Irr Flow
mm fract. % % mm mm mm mm l/s/ha

1 Jan 1 Init 0.0 0.71 71 53 32.3 0.0 0.0 53.8 6.22

9 Jan 9 Init 0.0 1.00 100 33 23.1 0.0 0.0 38.5 0.56
17 Jan 17 Init 0.0 1.00 100 30 23.9 0.0 0.0 39.9 0.58
26 Jan 26 Dev 0.0 1.00 100 32 28.1 0.0 0.0 46.8 0.60
5 Feb 36 Dev 0.0 1.00 100 33 32.5 0.0 0.0 54.1 0.63
15 Feb 46 Dev 0.0 1.00 100 30 33.3 0.0 0.0 55.5 0.64
26 Feb 57 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 33 39.3 0.0 0.0 65.6 0.69
9 Mar 68 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 30 36.4 0.0 0.0 60.6 0.64
20 Mar 79 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 30 36.4 0.0 0.0 60.7 0.64
31 Mar 90 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 31 37.4 0.0 0.0 62.3 0.66
11 Apr 101 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 31 37.2 0.0 0.0 62.0 0.65
21 Apr 111 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 30 36.2 0.0 0.0 60.4 0.70
1 May 121 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 33 39.6 0.0 0.0 66.0 0.76
10 May 130 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 33 39.8 0.0 0.0 66.3 0.85
18 May 138 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 33 39.8 0.0 0.0 66.4 0.96
26 May 146 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 34 41.0 0.0 0.0 68.3 0.99
2 Jun 153 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 31 37.3 0.0 0.0 62.1 1.03
9 Jun 160 Mid 0.0 1.00 100 31 36.7 0.0 0.0 61.1 1.01
16 Jun 167 End 0.0 1.00 100 30 36.4 0.0 0.0 60.6 1.00
25 Jun 176 End 0.0 1.00 100 31 37.1 0.0 0.0 61.9 0.80
29 Jul End End 0.0 1.00 0 4

Totals:

Total gross irrigation 1172.8 mm Total rainfall 324.0 mm

Total net irrigation 703.7 mm Effective rainfall 232.2 mm
Total irrigation losses 0.0 mm Total rain loss 91.8 mm

Actual water use by crop 881.2 mm Moist deficit at harvest 5.3 mm

Potential water use by crop 881.9 mm Actual irrigation requirement 649.7 mm

Efficiency irrigation schedule 100.0 % Efficiency rain 71.7 %

Deficiency irrigation schedule 0.1 %

Yield reductions:

Stagelabel A B C D Season

Reductions in ETc 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 %

Yield response factor 0.45 1.00 0.80 0.30 1.10
Yield reduction 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 %

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 Cumulative yield reduction 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 %

SCHEME SUPPLY

ETo station: Mekele Cropping pattern: Croppattern

Rain station: Mekele

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Precipitation deficit
1. Onion (dry) 76.7 80.8 104.7 105.8 151.0 136.9 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2. Tomato 63.4 65.4 115.2 116.3 59.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3. Maize 33.6 65.2 125.2 120.0 59.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0
4. Barley 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 118.9 141.2 87.2 11.5

Net scheme irr.req.

in mm/day 1.4 1.9 2.8 2.9 2.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.1
in mm/month 41.9 52.9 86.8 85.7 67.5 34.2 0.8 1.5 29.7 35.3 21.8 3.5
in l/s/h 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.33 0.25 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.13 0.08 0.01

Irrigated area 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 55.0
(% of total area)

Irr.req. for actual area 0.21 0.29 0.43 0.44 0.34 0.53 0.01 0.02 0.46 0.53 0.34 0.02
(l/s/h)

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