UNIVERSITY OF KIRKUK

College of Engineering - Pet. Eng. Department

PETROLEUM
PRODUCTION
ENGINEERING
BOYUN GUO WILLIAM C. LYONS ALI GHALAMBOR

CHPTER -3-
RESERVOIR DELIVERABILITY

Solution of Problems page 3/43

By: Hawar AbdulKhaliq Hamma Gul

1
3.1 Construct IPR of a vertical well in an oil reservoir.

Consider (1) transient flow at 1 month , (2) steady state flow , and (3) pseudo
steady state flow. the following data are given:

Porosity , = 0.25

Effective horizontal permeability , k = 10 md

Pay zone thickness , h = 50 ft

Reservoir pressure , pe = 5000 psi

Bubble point pressure , pb = 100 psi

Fluid formation volume factor , Bo = 1.2

Fluid viscosity , o = 1.5 cp.

Total compressibility , Ct = 0.0000125 psi-1

Drainage area , A = 640 acre (re =2.980 ft)

Wellbore radius , rw = 0.328 ft

Skin factor , S = 5

Solution :
time = 30 day = 24 x 30 = 720 hr.

1. For transient flow,

J*=
( )
( )( )
=
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )( )

J* = 0.1515215 bbl/day/psi

2
Calculated data points are:
qo = J* (Pe pwf)

Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)

0 757.6075
1000 606.086
2000 454.5645
3000 303.043
4000 151.5215
5000 0

6000

5000

4000

3000 pwf (psi)

2000

1000

0
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
qo (stb/day)

"Transient IPR curve"

3
2. For steady state flow,
( )( )
J*= =
* ( ) + ( )( )* ( ) +

J* = 0.13938 bbl/day/psi

Calculated points are:

Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)
0 696.9
1000 557.52
2000 418.14
3000 278.76
4000 139.38
5000 0

6000

5000

4000 pwf (psi)

3000

2000

1000

0
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
qo (stb/day)

"Steady state IPR curve"

4
3. For pseudo steady state,
( )( )
J*= =
( ) ( )( ) ( )

J*= 0.147202 bbl/day/psi

Calculated points are:

Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)

0 736.01
1000 588.808
2000 441.8
3000 294.404
4000 147.202
5000 0

6000

5000

4000
pwf (psi)

3000

2000

1000

0
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
qo (stb/day)

"Pseudo-steady state IPR curve"

5
3.2 Construct IPR of a vertical well in an saturated oil reservoir

Using Vogel's equation .the following data are given:

Porosity , = 0.20

Effective horizontal permeability , k = 80 md

Pay zone thickness , h = 55 ft

Reservoir pressure , pe = 4500 psi

Bubble point pressure , pb = 4500 psi

Fluid formation volume factor , Bo = 1.1

Fluid viscosity , o = 1.8 cp.

Total compressibility , Ct = 0.000013 psi-1

Drainage area , A = 640 acre (re =2.980 ft)

Wellbore radius , rw = 0.328 ft

Skin factor , S = 2

Solution :
Assume pseudo-steady state flow ,
( )( )
J*= =
( ) ( )( ) ( )

=1.518476 STB/day/psi

q max =
( )( )
=

= 3796.2 STB/day.

6
Calculated points by Vogel's equation:

q = q max [ ( ) ( ) ]

Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)

0 3796.2
1000 3477.507
2000 2858.867
3000 1940.28
4000 721.7467
4500 0

5000

4500

4000

3500

pwf (psi)
3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
qo (stb)

"IPR curve"

7
3.3 Construct IPR of a vertical well in an unsaturated oil reservoir

Using generalized Vogel's equation .the following data are given:

Porosity , = 0.25

Effective horizontal permeability , k = 100 md

Pay zone thickness , h = 55 ft

Reservoir pressure , pe = 5000 psi

Bubble point pressure , pb = 3000 psi

Fluid formation volume factor , Bo = 1.2

Fluid viscosity , o = 1.8 cp.

Total compressibility , Ct = 0.000013 psi-1

Drainage area , A = 640 acre (re =2.980 ft)

Wellbore radius , rw = 0.328 ft

Skin factor , S = 5.5

Solution :
Assume pseudo-steady state flow ,
( )( )
J*= =
( ) ( )( ) ( )

J* = 1.300687 STB/day/psi

qb = J* (Pe Pb)

= (1.300687) (5000 3000) = 2601.4 STB/day.

qv =

= (1.300687) (3000) / 1.8 = 2167.8 STB/day.

8
Calculated points by:

q = J* (Pe Pb) + [ ( ) ( ) ]

Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)

0 4769.2
500 4648.767
1000 4431.987
1500 4118.86
2000 3709.387
2500 3203.567
3000 2601.4
5000 0

6000

5000

4000
pwf (psi)

3000

2000

1000

0
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
qo (stb)

9
3.4 Construct IPR of a vertical well in an unsaturated oil reservoir

Using generalized Vogel's equation .the following data are given:

Reservoir pressure , pe = 5500 psi

Bubble point pressure , pb = 3500 psi

Tested following bottom-hole pressure in well A , pwf 1 = 4000 psi

Tested production rate from well A , q1 = 400 stb / day

Tested following bottom-hole pressure in well B, pwf 1 = 2000 psi

Tested production rate from well B , q1 = 1000 stb/day

Solution :
Well A : Pwf1 > pb

J* =
( )

= 400 / (5500 - 4000) = 0.2667 stb/day/psi.

qb = J* (Pe Pb)
= 0.2667 (5500 3500) = 533.4 stb/day

qv =

= (0.2667) (3500) / 1.8 = 518.6 stb/day

Calculated points by:

q = J* (Pe Pb) + [ ( ) ( ) ]

10
 Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)
0 1052
500 1028.716
1000 988.498
1500 931.3461
2000 857.2604
2500 766.2408
3000 658.2873
3500 533.4
5000 0

6000

5000

4000

pwf (psi)
3000

2000

1000

0
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

qo (stb/day)

11
Well B : Pwf1 < pb

J* =
(( ) [ ( ) ( ) ])

=
(( ) [ ( ) ( ) ])

= 0.3111 stb/day/psi
qb = J* (Pe Pb) = 0.3111 (5500 3500) = 622.2 stb/day

qv =

= (0.3111) (3500) / 1.8 = 604.92 stb/day

Calculated points by:

qo= J* (Pe Pb) + [ ( ) ( ) ]

qo = 622.2 + .92 [ ( ) ( ) ]

Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)

0 1227.12
500 1199.96
1000 1153.048
1500 1086.384
2000 999.9664
2500 893.7967
3000 767.8746
3500 622.2
5000 0

12
 6000

5000

4000

pwf (psi)
3000

2000

1000

0
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

qo (stb/day)

13
3.5 Construct IPR of a well in saturated oil reservoir using both Vogel's equation
and Fetkovich's equation .

The following data are given:

Reservoir pressure , pe = 3500 psi

Bubble point pressure , pb = 3500 psi

Tested following bottom-hole pressure , pwf 1 = 2500 psi

Tested production rate at pwf 1 , q1 = 600 stb / day

Tested following bottom-hole pressure , pwf 2 = 1500 psi

Tested production rate at pwf 2, q2 = 900 stb/day

Solution:

Vogel's equation: qomax.=

( ) ( )

qomax.=
( ) ( )

calculated data points are:

Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)

0 602.46
500 575.4108
1000 528.6894
1500 462.2958
2000 376.2301
2500 270.4922
3000 145.0822
3500 0

14
Fetkovich's equation:
( ) ( )
n=
( ) ( )

c= ( ) ( )

calculated data points are:

q= 0.0023 ( )

Pwf (psi) qo (stb/day)

0 1077.052
500 1059.431
1000 1006.12
1500 915.6465
2000 785.0386
2500 608.4835
3000 372.5929
3500 0

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000
pwf(fetkovich's model)
1500 pwf(vogel's model)

1000

500

0
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
qo (stb/day)

15
3.6 Determine the IPR for a well at the time when the average reservoir pressure
will be 1500 psig. The following data are obtained from laboratory tests of well fluid
samples:

Reservoir pressure present future

Average pressure (psi) 2200 1500
Productivity index J* (stb/day-psi) 1.25 -------
Oil viscosity (cp) 3.55 3.85
Oil formation volume factor (rb/stb) 1.20 1.15
Relative permeability to oil 0.82 0.65

Solution:
( ) ( )
J*f = 9534 stb/day-psi
( ) ( )

Vogel's equation for future IPR :

( )( )
q= [ ( ) ( ) ]

( )( )
* ( ) ( ) +

Vogel's equation for present IPR :

( )( )
q= [ ( ) ( ) ]

( )( )
* ( ) ( ) +

Calculated data points are:

16
Reservoir press. = 2200 psi Reservoir press. = 1500 psi
Pwf (psi) q (stb/day) Pwf (psi) q (stb/day)
2200 0 1500 0
1980 262.7782 1350 136.654
1760 501.1118 1200 260.596
1540 715.001 1050 371.826
1320 904.4458 900 470.344
1100 1069.446 750 556.15
880 1210.002 600 629.244
660 1326.113 450 689.626
440 1417.78 300 737.296
220 1485.002 150 772.254
0 1527.78 0 794.5

2500

2000

1500

pwf (present)
1000 pwf (future)

500

0
2000 1500 1000 500 0
qo (stb/day)

*in the above table, col. 2 calculated from eq.2 & col.4 from eq.1

17
3.7 Using Fetcovich's method , plot the IPR curve for a well in which
pi is 3000 psia and J'o = 410-4 stb/day-psi . Predict the IPRs of the
well at well shut-in static pressures of 2500 psia, 2000 psia, 1500 psia,
and 1000 psia.

Solution:
The value of J'O at 2500 psia is:

J'O = J'i ( )

J'O = 4*10-4 ( ) ( )

The value of J'O at 2000 psia is:

J'O = 4*10-4 ( ) ( )

and the value of J'O at 1500 psia is:

J'O = 4*10-4 ( ) ( )

and the value of J'O at 1000 psia is:

J'O = 4*10-4 ( ) ( )

Calculated data points are:

qo = J'O ( ) ( )

18
Pe = 3000 psi Pe = 2500 psi Pe = 2000 psi
pwf (psi) q(stb/day) pwf (psi) q(stb/day) pwf (psi) q(stb/day)
3000 0 2500 0 2000 0
2700 684 2250 570 1800 456
2400 1296 2000 1080 1600 864
2100 1836 1750 1530 1400 1224
1800 2304 1500 1920 1200 1536
1500 2700 1250 2250 1000 1800
1200 3024 1000 2520 800 2016
900 3276 750 2730 600 2184
600 3456 500 2880 400 2304
300 3564 250 2970 200 2376
0 3600 0 3000 0 2400

Pe = 1500 psi Pe = 1000 psi

pwf (psi) q(stb/day) pwf (psi) q(stb/day)
1500 0 1000 0
1350 342 900 228
1200 648 800 432
1050 918 700 612
900 1152 600 768
750 1350 500 900
600 1512 400 1008
450 1638 300 1092
300 1728 200 1152
150 1782 100 1188
0 1800 0 1200

19
 3500

3000

2500

2000 (pe=3000 psi)

pwf (psi)
(pe=2500 psi)
1500 (pe-1000 psi)
(pe=2000 psi)
1000 (pe=1500 psi)

500

0
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0
qo (stb/day)

"IPR curve , problem 3.7"

20