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Database Systems: A Practical Approach to

Design, Implementation, and Management

Chapter January 2010

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Thomas Connolly Carolyn Begg

University of the West of Scotland University of the West of Scotland
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 Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and manageme
NNU does not claim copyright owner of this book, this page contains only table of contents and
basic information about the book (http://libraries.najah.edu)

Database systems : a practical approach to design,

implementation, and management

Edition:4th ed.
Bar Code:609062
Card Number:110332
Author(s):Connolly, Thomas M.
Author(s):Begg, Carolyn E.
Subject:Database management
Publish Year:2005
Dewey Code:005.74 CON
Publisher:Addison-Wesley
ISBN:321210255
Pages:l, 1374 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Content Preview:Preface p. xxxiii
Background p. 1
Introduction to Databases p. 3
Introduction p. 4
Traditional File-Based Systems p. 7
Database Approach p. 14
Roles in the Database Environment p. 21
History of Database Management p. 24
Systems
Advantages and Disadvantages of p. 26
DBMSs
Chapter Summary p. 31
Review Questions p. 32
Exercises p. 32
Database Environment p. 33
The Three-Level ANSI-SPARC p. 34
Architecture
Database Languages p. 39
Data Models and Conceptual Modeling p. 43
Functions of a DBMS p. 48
Components of a DBMS p. 53
Multi-User DBMS Architectures p. 56
Chapter Summary p. 64
Review Questions p. 65
Exercises p. 65
The Relational Model and Languages p. 67
The Relational Model p. 69
Brief History of the Relational Model p. 70
Terminology p. 71
Integrity Constraints p. 81
Views p. 83
Chapter Summary p. 86
Review Questions p. 87
Exercises p. 87
Relational Algebra and Relational p. 88
Calculus
The Relational Algebra p. 89
The Relational Calculus p. 103
Other Languages p. 109
Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and manageme
NNU does not claim copyright owner of this book, this page contains only table of contents and
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Chapter Summary p. 110
Review Questions p. 110
Exercises p. 111
SQL: Data Manipulation p. 112
Introduction to SQL p. 113
Writing SQL Commands p. 116
Data Manipulation p. 117
Chapter Summary p. 154
Review Questions p. 155
Exercises p. 155
SQL: Data Definition p. 157
The ISO SQL Data Types p. 158
Integrity Enhancement Feature p. 164
Data Definition p. 168
Views p. 176
Transactions p. 187
Discretionary Access Control p. 189
Chapter Summary p. 194
Review Questions p. 195
Exercises p. 195
Query-By-Example p. 198
Introduction to Microsoft Office Access p. 199
Queries
Building Select Queries Using QBE p. 201
Using Advanced Queries p. 208
Changing the Content of Tables Using p. 215
Action Queries
Exercises p. 224
Commercial RDBMSs: Office Access and p. 225
Oracle
Microsoft Office Access 2003 p. 226
Oracle9i p. 242
Chapter Summary p. 276
Review Questions p. 277
Database Analysis and Design p. 279
Techniques
Database Planning, Design, and p. 281
Administration
The Information Systems Lifecycle p. 282
The Database System Development p. 283
Lifecycle
Database Planning p. 285
System Definition p. 286
Requirements Collection and Analysis p. 288
Database Design p. 291
DBMS Selection p. 295
Application Design p. 299
Prototyping p. 303
Implementation p. 304
Data Conversion and Loading p. 305
Testing p. 305
Operational Maintenance p. 306
CASE Tools p. 307
Data Administration and Database p. 309
Administration
Chapter Summary p. 311
Review Questions p. 313
Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and manageme
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Exercises p. 313
Fact-Finding Techniques p. 314
When Are Fact-Finding Techniques p. 315
Used?
What Facts Are Collected? p. 316
Fact-Finding Techniques p. 317
Using Fact-Finding Techniques--A p. 321
Worked Example
Chapter Summary p. 340
Review Questions p. 341
Exercises p. 341
Entity-Relationship Modeling p. 342
Entity Types p. 343
Relationship Types p. 346
Attributes p. 350
Strong and Weak Entity Types p. 354
Attributes on Relationships p. 355
Structural Constraints p. 356
Problems with ER Models p. 364
Chapter Summary p. 368
Review Questions p. 369
Exercises p. 369
Enhanced Entity-Relationship Modeling p. 371
Specialization/Generalization p. 372
Aggregation p. 383
Composition p. 384
Chapter Summary p. 385
Review Questions p. 386
Exercises p. 386
Normalization p. 387
The Purpose of Normalization p. 388
How Normalization Supports Database p. 389
Design
Data Redundancy and Update p. 390
Anomalies
Functional Dependencies p. 392
The Process of Normalization p. 401
First Normal Form (1NF) p. 403
Second Normal Form (2NF) p. 407
Third Normal Form (3NF) p. 408
General Definitions of 2NF and 3NF p. 411
Chapter Summary p. 412
Review Questions p. 413
Exercises p. 413
Advanced Normalization p. 415
More on Functional Dependencies p. 416
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) p. 419
Review of Normalization up to BCNF p. 422
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) p. 428
Fifth Normal Form (5NF) p. 430
Chapter Summary p. 433
Review Questions p. 433
Exercises p. 433
Methodology p. 435
Methodology--Conceptual Database p. 437
Design
Introduction to the Database Design p. 438
Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and manageme
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Methodology
Overview of the Database Design p. 440
Methodology
Conceptual Database Design p. 442
Methodology
Chapter Summary p. 458
Review Questions p. 459
Exercises p. 460
Methodology--Logical Database Design p. 461
for the Relational Model
Logical Database Design Methodology p. 462
for the Relational Model
Chapter Summary p. 490
Review Questions p. 491
Exercises p. 492
Methodology--Physical Database Design p. 494
for Relational Databases
Comparison of Logical and Physical p. 495
Database Design
Overview of Physical Database Design p. 496
Methodology
The Physical Database Design p. 497
Methodology for Relational Databases
Chapter Summary p. 517
Review Questions p. 517
Exercises p. 518
Methodology--Monitoring and Tuning p. 519
the Operational System
Denormalizing and Introducing p. 519
Controlled Redundancy
Monitoring the System to Improve p. 532
Performance
Chapter Summary p. 537
Review Questions p. 537
Exercise p. 537
Selected Database Issues p. 539
Security p. 541
Database Security p. 542
Countermeasures--Computer-Based p. 545
Controls
Security in Microsoft Office Access p. 555
DBMS
Security in Oracle DBMS p. 558
DBMSs and Web Security p. 562
Chapter Summary p. 570
Review Questions p. 571
Exercises p. 571
Transaction Management p. 572
Transaction Support p. 573
Concurrency Control p. 577
Database Recovery p. 605
Advanced Transaction Models p. 615
Concurrency Control and Recovery in p. 622
Oracle
Chapter Summary p. 626
Review Questions p. 627
Exercises p. 628
Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and manageme
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basic information about the book (http://libraries.najah.edu)
Query Processing p. 630
Overview of Query Processing p. 631
Query Decomposition p. 635
Heuristical Approach to Query p. 639
Optimization
Cost Estimation for the Relational p. 646
Algebra Operations
Enumeration of Alternative Execution p. 665
Strategies
Query Optimization in Oracle p. 673
Chapter Summary p. 680
Review Questions p. 681
Exercises p. 681
Distributed DBMSs and Replication p. 685
Distributed DBMSs--Concepts and p. 687
Design
Introduction p. 688
Overview of Networking p. 699
Functions and Architectures of a DDBMS p. 703
Distributed Relational Database Design p. 708
Transparencies in a DDBMS p. 719
Date's Twelve Rules for a DDBMS p. 729
Chapter Summary p. 731
Review Questions p. 732
Exercises p. 732
Distributed DBMSs--Advanced Concepts p. 734
Distributed Transaction Management p. 735
Distributed Concurrency Control p. 736
Distributed Deadlock Management p. 741
Distributed Database Recovery p. 744
The X/Open Distributed Transaction p. 758
Processing Model
Distributed Query Optimization p. 761
Distribution in Oracle p. 772
Chapter Summary p. 777
Review Questions p. 778
Exercises p. 778
Replication and Mobile Databases p. 780
Introduction to Database Replication p. 781
Benefits of Database Replication p. 781
Applications of Replication p. 783
Basic Components of Database p. 783
Replication
Database Replication Environments p. 784
Replication Servers p. 788
Introduction to Mobile Databases p. 792
Oracle Replication p. 794
Chapter Summary p. 799
Review Questions p. 800
Exercises p. 800
Object DBMSs p. 801
Introduction to Object DBMSs p. 803
Advanced Database Applications p. 804
Weaknesses of RDBMSs p. 809
Object-Oriented Concepts p. 814
Storing Objects in a Relational Database p. 825
Next-Generation Database Systems p. 828
Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and manageme
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Object-Oriented Database Design p. 830
Object-Oriented Analysis and Design p. 836
with UML
Chapter Summary p. 844
Review Questions p. 845
Exercises p. 846
Object-Oriented DBMSs--Concepts p. 847
Introduction to Object-Oriented Data p. 849
Models and OODBMSs
OODBMS Perspectives p. 860
Persistence p. 867
Issues in OODBMSs p. 871
Advantages and Disadvantages of p. 881
OODBMSs
Chapter Summary p. 885
Review Questions p. 886
Exercises p. 887
Object-Oriented DBMSs--Standards and p. 888
Systems
Object Management Group p. 889
Object Data Standard ODMG 3.0, 1999 p. 897
ObjectStore p. 921
Chapter Summary p. 932
Review Questions p. 934
Exercises p. 934
Object-Relational DBMSs p. 935
Introduction to Object-Relational p. 936
Database Systems
The Third-Generation Database p. 939
Manifestos
Postgres--An Early ORDBMS p. 943
SQL:1999 and SQL:2003 p. 946
Query Processing and Optimization p. 974
Object-Oriented Extensions in Oracle p. 978
Comparison of ORDBMS and OODBMS p. 986
Chapter Summary p. 988
Review Questions p. 988
Exercises p. 989
Web and DBMSs p. 991
Web Technology and DBMSs p. 993
Introduction to the Internet and Web p. 994
The Web p. 998
Scripting Languages p. 1011
Common Gateway Interface p. 1014
HTTP Cookies p. 1019
Extending the Web Server p. 1020
Java p. 1021
Microsoft's Web Platform p. 1043
Oracle Internet Platform p. 1055
Chapter Summary p. 1062
Review Questions p. 1063
Exercises p. 1064
Semistructured Data and XML p. 1065
Semistructured Data p. 1066
Introduction to XML p. 1073
XML-Related Technologies p. 1082
XML Schema p. 1091
Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and manageme
NNU does not claim copyright owner of this book, this page contains only table of contents and
basic information about the book (http://libraries.najah.edu)
XML Query Languages p. 1100
XML and Databases p. 1128
XML in Oracle p. 1139
Chapter Summary p. 1142
Review Questions p. 1144
Exercises p. 1145
Business Intelligence p. 1147
Data Warehousing Concepts p. 1149
Introduction to Data Warehousing p. 1150
Data Warehouse Architecture p. 1156
Data Warehouse Data Flows p. 1161
Data Warehousing Tools and p. 1165
Technologies
Data Marts p. 1171
Data Warehousing Using Oracle p. 1175
Chapter Summary p. 1178
Review Questions p. 1180
Exercise p. 1180
Data Warehousing Design p. 1181
Designing a Data Warehouse Database p. 1182
Dimensionality Modeling p. 1183
Database Design Methodology for Data p. 1187
Warehouses
Criteria for Assessing the p. 1195
Dimensionality of a Data Warehouse
Data Warehousing Design Using Oracle p. 1196
Chapter Summary p. 1202
Review Questions p. 1203
Exercises p. 1203
OLAP p. 1204
Online Analytical Processing p. 1205
OLAP Applications p. 1206
Representation of Multi-Dimensional p. 1209
Data
OLAP Tools p. 1211
OLAP Extensions to the SQL Standard p. 1217
Oracle OLAP p. 1224
Chapter Summary p. 1230
Review Questions p. 1231
Exercises p. 1231
Data Mining p. 1232
Data Mining p. 1233
Data Mining Techniques p. 1233
The Data Mining Process p. 1239
Data Mining Tools p. 1241
Data Mining and Data Warehousing p. 1242
Oracle Data Mining (ODM) p. 1242
Chapter Summary p. 1245
Review Questions p. 1246
Exercises p. 1246
Appendices p. 1247
Users' Requirements Specification for p. 1249
DreamHome Case Study
Branch User Views of DreamHome p. 1249
Staff User Views of DreamHome p. 1252
Other Case Studies p. 1255
The University Accommodation Office p. 1255
 Database systems : a practical approach to design, implementation, and manageme
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basic information about the book (http://libraries.najah.edu)
Case Study
The EasyDrive School of Motoring Case p. 1258
Study
The Wellmeadows Hospital Case Study p. 1260
File Organizations and Indexes p. 1268
Basic Concepts p. 1269
Unordered Files p. 1270
Ordered Files p. 1271
Hash Files p. 1272
Indexes p. 1277
Clustered and Non-Clustered Tables p. 1286
Guidelines for Selecting File p. 1288
Organizations
Appendix Summary p. 1291
When is a DBMS Relational? p. 1293
Programmatic SQL p. 1298
Embedded SQL p. 1299
Dynamic SQL p. 1312
The Open Database Connectivity p. 1313
(ODBC) Standard
Appendix Summary p. 1318
Review Questions p. 1319
Exercises p. 1319
Alternative ER Modeling Notations p. 1320
ER Modeling Using the Chen Notation p. 1320
ER Modeling Using the Crow's Feet p. 1320
Notation
Summary of the Database Design p. 1326
Methodology for Relational Databases
References p. 1332
Further Reading p. 1345
Index p. 1356

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