stg 66 6 J ag Example 663-dn eudiosievalgivenbytsste) | 1 ___ | _p 2 (2000 ¢) amplitude-modulates a sinusoidal car- 99599991000 100011005; ‘rier wave 60 sin 27(100,000) t as Determine: Fig. 66.40 (@) modulation indes, (b) percent modulation, (c) frequencies of signal and carrer, (@ frequency spectrum of the modulated wave. (Electronies & Telecom Engg, Jadavpur U Solution. Here, B=1Sand 4= 60 @ ML rac ()-m=MEL. » 100 = 0.25 = 100= 25% 2000 Hz —by inspection of the given equation 0,000 Hz —by inspection of the given equation (® The three frequencies present in the modulated CW are () 10000012 = 100 kite () 100,000-+ 2000 = 102,000 Hz =102 Kitz iil) 100,000-2000 — 98,000 Hz ~ 98 Kitz Example 66.4. 4 bandhvideh of 15 MIlz is available for AM transmission. Ifthe maximum audio signal frequency used for modulating the carrier is not to exceed 15 KHI=, how many stations can broadcast within this band simultaneously without interfering with each other? (Electronics & Telecom Engg.; Pune U 99) Solution, BIV required by each station Fatman) =2 «15 = 30 kHz Hence, the number of station which can broadcast within this frequency band without interfering ‘with one anotheris 1s MHz 30kHZ Example 66.5. Ina broadcasting studio. a 1000 kHz carrier is modulated by an audio signal of frequency range, 100-5000 Hz. Find (i) width or frequency range of sidebands (ii) maximum and ‘minimum frequencies of USB (iti) maximum and minimum frequencies of LSB and (iv) width of the ‘chanael. (Electronics & Comm. Engg. IERE, London) Solution, (2) Width of sideband = 5000-100 = 4900 Hz GC (il) Max. frequency of USB = 1000 +5 = 1005 kitz Min. frequency of USB isp ose = 1000+0.1= 1000.1 kitz (lt) Max. frequency of £58 = 1000~0.1— 999 kite t B Min, frequency of LSB Fumes FoF) ean Fame = 1000 =5 = 995 ketle fe charmer wien i») Width of channel = 1005 — 995 = 10 kHz Fig 66.44Example 66.7. The total power content of an AM wave is 1500 W. Fora 100 percent modula tion, determine (8 power transmitted by carrier, (ii) power transmitted by each side band. (Eleetronies & Comm. Engg., Kerala Univ. 1991) 1500 W,P.= 7 Puayg= ? Pigg? Solution. P, wy re=a(sep}e a( six} =$ 9 Fxtsw-m0w Example 66.8. The total power content of an AM wave is 2.64 KIV at a modulation factor of 80%. Determine the power content of (i) carrier. (ii) each sideband. _ (Electronics & Comm., Roorkee Univ. 1991), 2 2 sano tee A[ zee} seat ie' Sb ]=200w © Pag erage =P esos nw Example 66.9.4 transmitter used for radio telephone has an unmodulated carrier power of 10 ‘kW and can be modulated to a maximum of 80 percent by a single-frequency signal before over- ‘loading. Find the value to which carrier power can be increased if a 50 percent modulation limit is ‘imposed. (Electronics & Comm, Engg. Andhra Univ.) ? +08? Solution, Py= Fe{ AP] = = 3.2kW ‘Now, when m=0.5, P,is still 13.2 kW. Hence, new value of earier power is given by 240.5% n2=k{ >], P= 1 kW tis seen that can be ineressed from 10 KW to 11.73 KW with atotal power limit of 13.2kW and m = 05 Example 66.10. 4 certain transmiter radiates 10kW ofpower with the carrier unmodulated ‘and 11.8 KW with the carvier sinusoidally modulated. (@) Find the modulation factor, (0) another wave modulated 0 40% is also transmitted, calculate the radiated power. Solution. (a) 11.8 = 10 (1 + m2); m= 06 or 60% 06 04 or, = 2S )- 6K zExample 66.11. In an AM wave, calculate the power saving when the carrier and one s ‘band are suppressed corresponding to @ (i) m=05 (Electronics and Comm. Engg., Osmania Uni Solution. (i) When m= 1 me mn Pra elie) aise: Pisa Pow= “fe = 028% “ ing =P, — Pygg™ 15 P.-0.25 P.=125P, 125 savin x 100 = $3.39 8 Gk 33.3 (i) When m =05 oe Least -pfi+)-e = Lise, vane] =2(432) r ost Pose 7 Pise A Fe = 0.0625 % saving = EVEL =00025%e 109 = 94.406 25 Example. 66.13. An FM transmission has a frequency deviation of 18.75 kHz. Caleulate per= cent modulation if itis broadcast (i) in the 88-108 MHz band (ii)_as aportion of a TV broadcast. (Elect. and Comm. Engg., Madurai Kamaraj Univ. 1990) Solution. (?) For this transmission band, 18.75 A710 = = 25% 1875 (i) Inthis case, (AP) gg,™ 25 KHZ 2 maTE x100=75% Example 66.14. An FM signal has a resting frequency of 105 MHz and highest frequency of 105.03 MHz when modulated by a signal of frequency 5 kHz. Determine (frequency deviation, i) carrier swing, (ii) modulation index, (percent modulation, (») lowest frequency reached by the FM wave. (Electronics and Comm. Engg., Osmania Univ. 1992) Solution. () Af= 105.03 105= 0.03 MHz= 30 kHz (Mmar= 75 Ke (i) CS=2xA=2%30=60kHz ii) my = () m=2x 100 = 40% () lowest frequency = 105 ~0.03 = 104.97 kHzExample 66.15. 4 5 LH: audio signal is used io frequency-medulate a 100 MElzcarrier caus- ing a frequency deviation of 20 KH Determine (@) modulation index ii) bandwidth of the FM signal BL eh Se 8 ‘As seen from Table 66.2 BW =14f,= 14 x 5=70 kHz Note. We eanot use the altemate expression for BWV given in Art, 66.25 above because m/ <6 Example 66.16. In an FM circuit, the modulation index is 10 and the higest modulation fre- quency is 20 kHz. What is the approximate bandwidth ofthe resultant FM signal ? (Applied Electronics, Bombay Univ. 1990) Solution. (i) my, Pee ey ORS mT var eens vinei ee A Ar rowmy AL oe Ls yazmit net =i in ee "—e ues