anamed Four ULOG Solar Ovens and a Solar Drier Use and Construction anamed order number 116Contents PART 1: About solar ovens PART 2: Construction plans Introduction to anamed 9. Solar oven, flat design, standard and ULOG family Introduction to solar energy 10, Solar oven, sloping design, simple and How the ULOG ovens work family 11, Solar drier Use of the solar oven for food ‘Simple recipes Use of the solar oven in Natural Medicine I 3 4 5. General operating tips 6 7 8 PART 1: About solar ovens 1, Introduction to anamed Anamed runs seminars, develops projects and distributes books and materials that enable people in the tropics to become more self-reliant with regard to their health and social and economic well-being. Action for Natural Medicine (anamed) is a small but very active group of (both black and white) people whose priority is to help people in the Tropics become more healthy. anamed does this by running training, seminars in Natural Medicine in which people are encouraged to cherish the skills and knowledge that they already have in the field of herbal medicine, and to develop them further. In this way they become more independent, and less reliant on doctors, nurses and imported medicines ‘anamed!s main work is to ensure that people recognise the most important locally available medicinal plants, to encourage people to protect them and cultivate them, to teach people to make their own ‘medicines from these plants and to teach them to treat common diseases and other health complaints ‘There are many other aspects of life, however, in which we can have a positive influence on health, for example by providing ourselves and others with clean water, building clean and hygienic toilets, providing good education, avoiding female circumcision, constructing good housing, eating a balanced dict, growing our own vegetables and practising family planning The intelligent use of locally available resources can make a big contribution. For example, by protecting local sources of water so that they remain pure, by feeding the soil with nutrients such as animal manure and compost so that it remains fertile, and by protecting the soil with contours and hedges so that it is not lost during heavy rains. Houses also should be built with fuel efficient stoves to minimise the use of fuel-wood, and with chimneys 50 that no-one has to stand in the smoke to cook A very valuable resource that is available in great abundance in the Tropics, much to the envy of many people in Europe, is the sun, The sun gives us warmth, dries our clothes, enables our vegetables and fruit trees to grow, gives us light to see and is the source of all our energy. Where the sun is hot, we can use that energy directly, without having to resort to coal, cil, petrol or even wood In this document we present some ideas as to how the heat of the sun may be used for cooking, for preparing medicines such as oils and ointments and for drying herbs. Used in these ways, the sun can bea tremendous resource for good health 2. ULOG ‘anamed is grateful to ULOG, a very creative group of solar energy enthusiasts, for permission to reproduce inthis document the construction plans for the ULOG ovens and ULOG drier. Members of ULOG believe tat everyone in the world should use solar energy; their motto is "Solar energy for all”, aed Tesasogs Sola on AG anamed Page 2ULOG have constructed and tested this equipment in many countries. They have also been built and used extensively by many anamed groups in Aftica. Whenever we (anamed) run a training seminar in Natural Medicine, we try to have one of these ovens built beforehand. ULOG also provide instructions on how to construct: ‘+ Compact portable solar ovens ‘+ Solar dryers for food conservation and drying herbs. + Solar water heaters, ‘+ A solar oven big enough to provide for the needs of several hundred people in communities such as schools, hospitals and monasteries. It is called a solar-hybrid-community-kitchen (SHCK). This uses a parabolic mitror, o, if the sun fails, conventional fuel in an economic way. ULOG offer to travel to locations in the tropics, both to train local artisans in the construction of the solar cookers, and to train women in using the cookers. For more information and details of their other construction plans: - in Germany contact Riidiger Jung, Kirchste. 39, D - 67691 Hochspeyer / Pfalz, Tel: 06305 994726, Fax: 06305 994727. Email inf@ULOG-solar.de, web-site swweulog-solar de = in Switzerland contact Dr Michael Gotz, Rue Matile 71, CH - 2000 Neuchatel. Email: cuisinesolaire@suisse org, web-site www cuisinesolaire com = other contacts can be found under wsewulog evenglsh/adress html ‘These web-sites provide information about ULOG projects in tropical countries, especially in Attica, and give still more ideas about the practical use of solar energy. 3. Introduction to solar energy If we all used solar energy, we would + stop putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This would stop the process of global ‘warming which is causing the climate changes that are leading to unpredictable droughts and floods across the world, * stop using trees for firewood for cooking, and stop destroying valuable trees for charcoal Cutting down trees causes a reduction in the rainfall, and reduces the fertility ofthe sol. In this ‘way once fertile regions turn into desert ‘+ create jobs in the construction of solar energy ovens and driers, and in training others in their use. fobs would also be created in forestry and carpentry, because, if more trees were to be planted, there would be an abundance of timber. Some trees would produce fruit and medicinal ‘material, providing more job opportunities in making fruit juices and medicines ‘reduce air pollution, No more would women cough and choke whilst cooking dinners on a smoky fire , and our towns and cities would be cleaner and more pleasant. In Europe people are beginning to realise that, if they heat water from the heat of the sun, they can have plemtful hot water for washing and showering and for heating their cold houses in winter. Further, ifthey generate electricity using solar cells, they have plenty electricity for lighting and for running electrical devices, and, on very sunny days, they can even sell electricity to the national grid Then fewer power stations are required that cause atmospheric pollution, and then everybody benefits from the cleaner and more healthy atmosphere. People in the countries of the South, particularly where fel-wood is scarce, can also enjoy such benefits, as well as enjoying the benefits that acerue from planting more trees The sun is the most resdily available source of energy for cooking, boiling water, baking and drying - and itis absolutely free! First, however, the solar devices have to be built, and that of course does demand time and money. The solar cooker has already proved itself, itis very simple named Tatslogy Sour oen tA 8 anamed Page 3+ itcan almost always be made from inexpensive, locally available materials, and * ittelies on nothing more than the radiation of the sun, Almost every dish can be cooked in the solar oven, and with even less work than uswal because stirring is not necessary! named groups use the solar oven nearly every day; when it is cloudy for drying, when itis partially sunny for cooking, ané on continuously sunny days for cooking and baking Solar water disinfection. The heat and the ultra violet rays of the sun can be used to provide small quantities of drinking water from unreliable water sources. The process simply involves painting the underside of a transparent plastic bottle black, filling it with water and laying it in the sun for a day. For furthsr information visit the very informative SODIS Web-site: ww sodis ch, or contact Martin Wegelin or Regula Meicthofer, Ucberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Ducbendorf, Switzerland. Tel: 41 1 $23 50 19 fax +41 1 823 53 99. Emails: wegelin@sawag.ch and regula meierhoferigeawag. ch. Water can, however, be made safe by boiling it in the solar oven! Production of electricity. The conversion of solar energy into electricity is inefficient, because there are energy losses in the solar panel, the battery and the electric light. We in anamed, however, have found that itis an excellent way of powering a slide projector for use in seminars in remote regions, And in spite ofthis inefficiency, the use of the sun for producing electricity in the Tropics makes far more sense than importing oil or coal. Solar panels and batteries can be used to power lights, telephones, computers, refrigerators and a wide range of other equipment. Information about such equipment is available in most capital cities. In South Africa there are several suppliers How ULOG ovens work ‘Ovens may be flat or sloped. On or near the equator, the lat design works well, Away from the equator, where the sun is seldom averhead, the oven with a sloping glass panel is better. Even near the equator, in the morning and evening the sun is lower in the sky, and the oven withthe sloping glass collects the heat of the sun more effectively, As a result of such feedback from users of solar ovens in many countries, ULOG now recommends the use of solar ovens with a sloping glass panel almost everywhere. 1. The heat input is maximised because, 2) black materials absorb radiant heat. Therefore the metal box and the cooking pots are black ») reflector is provided to direct more solar radiation into the oven. ©) the oven is constantly turned to face the sun. Heat losses are minimised because; 4) radiant heat losses are prevented by having black surfaces and a double layer of glass. ») convective heat losses are prevented by making the oven air-tight, so there are no draughts, ©) conductive heat losses are minimised with good insulation and the double layer of glass, ‘Thus the oven acts as a heat trap. The temperature rises until the rate of heat absorption equals the rate at which heat is lost, The better the insulation, and the better the construction, the higher the temperature that can be achieved. Temperatures of up to 160 degrees centigrade are easily possible, ic, enough for both cooking and baking 4. General operating tips Before you use the solar oven for food, place it in the sun and wait until the black paint has completely stopped giving off bad smelling fumes. his may take 2 days, nomad Tetogs Salar sen anamed Page 4The oven works best with direct sunlight. The temperature of the atmosphere has little effect - the key factor is direct radiation from the sun, The bluer the sky, the better it works. Place the cooker, therefore, so that it, am in x © isout ofthe wind ge He + is where no shadows will fll upon it. + faces the sun directly, that is when the shadow of the oven is directly behind it. As the sun moves continuously, the oven needs to be moved every hour or two so that it always faces the sun directly. Adjust the reflector so that the maximum amount of sunlight falls upon the oven, It is in the correct position when the reflected light shines onto the base of the oven, Use the prop and the cord to hold the reflector in position Do not open the cooker unnecessarily during cooking, to prevent heat loss. Cooking po's absorb more heat if they are dull black and with tight fitting lids. If placed on two small pieces of wood, hot air can also circulate underneath. In fact, because hot air rises, they should be placed as high as possible within the oven, Food cooks most quickly in small containers with thin walls For cooking, let the oven warm up for half an hour before putting in the food. Water which is to be heated or boiled can be put in from the beginning It may be seen as a disadvantage thet, with a solar oven, the food requires a lot more time to cook as compared with a conventional stove or wood fire. A distinct advantage, however, is that the person cooking needs to spend only a short time watching the oven, as the food cannot burn or boil over (even nilk does not boil over), and there is no fire to demand one’s attention, Food cooked in the solar oven requires much less water than with conventional cooking, because very litle is lost through evaporation, ‘When baking bread or cakes, or anything that requires along time, 3s place a large stone inside the oven. This absorbs heat, and helps ¥ the oven to maintain a constant temperature, even if the sun ey disappears behind a cloud for some time. NER EE ne Using a solar oven is, at first, a new technique, At first, patience is sett} — draws hehs required. As with many things, practice makes perfect! ‘The cooker requires virtually no maintenance, apart from cleaning, @%e- = Keep the windows and oven clean. = Protect the oven from rain and moisture — take it indoors at night Faster: Slower: - Keep the window surround free of dust - to comunydey: contin in censure a good seal Use of the solar oven for food ep a? 3 The oven may be used |A) during the day for cooking The ideal conditions for cooking are when there is full sun and no clouds, Food cooks fastest in small, thin-walled black pots, and when in small pieces or small amounts Ona cloudy day, food takes longer to cook. onomed/Teemelogy Soren MY anamed Page 5On sunny days, food also cooks slowly in large, thick walled black pots, and cooking large pieces or large quantities of food takes longer. B) in the evening, after sunset, to keep food warm {fa stone is placed in the oven while the sun is shining through the day, then, once the sun has ‘gone, the stone slowly releases its heat. Close the reflector lid. The following foods all cook well ~ Casserotes and vegetable dishes - Nearly al vegetables, including potatoes. = Beans and cereals, - Meat: roasts, mince meat, stews, - Ezgs can be boiled without water. They take about 30 minutes. Ifleft too long, the egg white ‘urns slightly yellow, or even brown, and the yolk may turn green, but this does not affect the taste. Eggs may also be boiled in a covered metal cup that contains oaly a little water. = Stewed fruits, = Biscuits, cakes and bread. For cakes and bread it helps to place a large stone in the oven and to preheat for about an hour. This stone helps to create a constant temperature Drying food Foods may also be dried, either for immediate use, eg. groundnuts, or for preservation, e g sliced ‘mangoes or fish ‘The drying time in the oven is shorter than in the open air, and the food is better protected from dust and insects. Food is best dried at a temperature of between 40 and 45°C. Ifyou have one, use an oven thermometer. Prop the glass lid of the oven open a littl, Because direct sunlight sometimes destroys the nutrients in the food (particularly vitamin A), it can be covered with aluminium foil, clean cloth or clean paper. In this ease the temperature underneath this ‘material should be measured and maintained between 40 and SO°C ‘To dry fish, cut the fish into small slices. To 100g of fish, add 50g of salt and leave the mixture overnight in a container. The mixture becomes liquid. In the morning spread this mixture on a baking tin, and place this as high as possible inthe solar oven. Turn the fish several times until itis dry. Now ‘you can recover the salt! 6. Simple recipes Potatoes Fill the base of a wide pot with about "4 centimetre of water. Place in the oven, Peel and cut the potatoes. When the water boils put them into the pot, cover with a lid and leave for 2 to 3 hours. Baked potatoes Rub oil and bert s onto the skins of the potatoes, prick the skins with a fork (to prevent them from exploding, and place on a black baking tray in the oven for 2 to 3 hours, ‘Variation’ Halve the potatoes lengthways, brush with oil and herbs and leave for 3 to 4 hours untit crispy and brown, This is good with a roast chicken because of the similar cooking times Carrots — and other root vegetables Put just enough water into a pot so that, when the carrots are added, they will just be covered. Bring to the boil in the solar oven, Peel the carrots, cut them into small pieces and put into the pot. Cover with a lid. Cooking time; 2-3 hours, Use the vegetable water to make gravy. Or the vegetables may be cooked with no water but alittle ol. emamed essogy Sar oven A ¥ named Page 6Beans ‘Souk the dried beans overnight. Wash them, and put into a pot with water. When the beans are soft, add 1 or 2 tomatoes and an onion cut into small pieces, Cooking time; 3-4 hours. Rice and cereals Put one cup of rice (or other cereals) and two cups of water into a covered pot and leave in the solar ‘oven for 2 hours, Ugali Mix 2 or more cups of water with 2 cups of maize flour. Place in the solar oven for about 2 hours ‘There is no need to stir during cooking Ratatouille Chop onions, garlic, tomatoes, peppers, marrow and egg plants (aubergines) into small cubes, Put into 2 pot witha little salt and pepper and herbs to taste. Cover the pot with a dark lid and leave in the solar oven for two hours. Stuffed tomatoes Cat four large tomatoes in half. Scoop out the seeds. Place the tomato halves in a greased dish, add salt and pepper and divide a mixture between the halved tomatoes of chopped onion, chopped meat and herbs, Roast chicken Clean the chicken, and add stuffing if desired, Either place the chicken in a black baking tray and leave ituncovered until crispy and brown, about 3 to 4 hours, or put it in a large casserole dish with a dark lid for 21 to 3 hours Bread To make two loaves of about 450g each, take 500g whotemeal or white flour, 1 tablespoontl of sugar, | teaspoonful of salt and | packet of dried yeast or 30g fresh yeast mixed with about 350ml water and 2 .ablespoonfils of vegetable cil Mix the dey ingredients with water, or a 50% water / milk mixture, until the dough is such that it does not stick to the bowl, Knead well, and leave in a warm place for an hour to rise Divide the mixture between two greased bread tins, brush with beaten egg or milk and place in the solar oven for 2% to 3 hours, Nut cake 200g butter or margarine 200g ground nuts 200g sugar 4 eegs 500g sel-raising flour, or plain flour 2 teaspoonfuls almond essence plus baking powder. Milk Thoroughly mix the butter and sugar. Add the well-beaten eggs and almond essence and then stir in the flour. Add milk to give a smooth consistency. Put into a greased bread tin and bake in the solar oven for 2 to 2% hours More recipes: We invite you to give us your favourite solar oven recipe for inclusion in future editions of this document 7. Use of the solar oven in Natural Medicine A) Drying herbs For medicinal use, herbs should be dried at a temperature of less than 50°C and within 3 days. Ifthe temperature is higher, the medicinal properties of the herb may be destroyed If the drying process takes longer, moulds may develop. Some moulds produce mycotoxins, poisons which are dangerous to people and animals, Ideally the plant parts should be dried in the ‘open, and the solar oven is then only used ifthe drying process is not complete within 3 days. oronedTogy/Sar ont § anamed Page 7a ‘The detailed procedure is as follows, 1. Leaves: Ifthe leaves are dirty, or collected in a town or from the road-side, wash them, Remove the stems. Leaves such as pawpaw leaves have large ribs which hold a lot of moisture, these must be removed. Then cut the leaves into small pieces. Roots: Wash thoroughly, and cut into small pieces, 2. Lay the plant material on concrete,, rock or plastic sheets in the ill heat of the sun for two hours, in order to allow the ultra violet light to kill the enzymes. This is important because the enzymes destroy the medicinal properties, 3. Inhot, dry and sunny conditions, then place the sheets in the shade, In humid conditions place them in fall sun, 4. Ifafter 3 days the plant material is till not completely dry, use the solar oven. Put an oven thermometer in the oven, and prop up the glass frame such that the temperature in the oven is 50°C. Put the herbs in the oven, and keep an eye on the thermometer so ensure than it gets neither hotter nor colder. ‘The following are examples of materials that may be dried in this way, primarily for the purpose of preparing teas, oils and ointments; leaves of Artemisia annua, moringa leaves, eucalyptus leaves, lemon grass, leaves of the lemon tree, young, fresh mango leaves, neem leaves, ginger roots, ‘Other herbs may be dried for the purpose of preparing natural insecticides, for separating honey from the comb. In this case the temperature must be kept below 70°C, because honey degenerates above this temperature, Honey is very valuable medicinally, for dressing wounds (together with sugar), and the beeswax is very useful in the production of ointments. The procedure for separating honey and wax., and a description of their various uses, is given in Chapter 6 of “Natural Medicine in the Tropics: I" by Hirt and M’Pia (see last page of this document) ©) for preparing oils and ointments, Heat the herb in oil using a water bath, all placed inside the solar oven. Melt the wax in another container, also inside the solar oven. After one hour, filter the oil to remove the herb, add the melted wax and str ‘The solar oven is also useful after the ointment is made for cleaning utensils. The cil and wax is usually very difficult to remove. Place the utensils in the solar oven, and once the oil, ointment and wax have melted, wipe the utensils clean with toilet paper. Finish the job with hot, soapy water, D) for disinfecting clothes and bedding. When someone suffers from scabies or bedbugs the clothes, and/or bed clothes need to be disinfected. This can be done by washing them, drying them in the sun and then heating them in the solar oven. For a quicker result, the clothes can simply be placed as they are in hot solar oven. E) In the production of black stones. The drying stages are much more rapid with the solar oven, For more information about black stones, see “Natural Medicine in the Tropics: I” by Hist and M’Pia. F) In the production of shea oil (shea butter). The shea tree, or shea-butter tree (Vitellaria ‘paradoxa, syn, Bulyrosperum paradoxum) yields an excellent quality oil that has many uses; ‘medically for healing wounds and skin irritations and for the skin of very young babies, in cooking for frying, and for making soap and in the production of cosmetics. Try the following procedure, and please give us feedback: Pound the seeds to a powder and then make them into a paste with very hot water. Add a litle more boiling water, and then place the pot inside a solar oven for a couple of hours. Pour off the top layer of oil, and hest again in the solar oven so that any water rermaining in the oil can evaporate We would like to develop experience of producing oi from neem and moringa using the solar ‘oven. Can anyone help by sharing their experiences? B) ane Teco Sola oven MA named Page 8PART 2: Construction plans 8. Solar oven: flat design, standard and famil With these instructions anyone with a litte experience of wood-working can build a solid and durable solar oven. Although the sloping design usually achieves slightly higher temperatures, the flat design is « little simpler to build, so it may be better gain experience to build this one first. Some measurements may be adjusted to suit individual needs, e.g. to make the ‘oven larger or smaller, or to cope withthe limitations of locally available materials, eg, the size of glass. ‘The dimensions given here result either in a standard (S) unit with outside dimensions 67 x 67 x 50 cm, or a “family-size” (F) unit with dimensions 120.5 x 67.5 x 53.5. The standard model is suitable for cooking for up to 6 people, the family model for 8 to 10 people. Each can take a cooking pot of up to 18cm in height. With experience, one can construct a cooker of any size, 1o suit one's own needs. ‘The parts fist ‘The materials required are listed in Table 1. The following notes give more details about particular items, and present alternatives when some items are unavailable (See also Figure 1): 1 The thickness of the glass will affect the width of item S, The stronger the glass, the fewer the problems with breakage. Safety glass, if available, is much more expensive, and has to be ordered to the correct measurements, as it cannot be cut at home. 23 Ifthe wood is of poor quality, then it must be thicker, perhaps up to 2.5 cin. In this case, the length has to be adjusted so that the measurements of the inside of the frame remain unchanged. The dimensions of items 17 and 18 must also be adjusted. 5/6 Ifthe wood is of poor quality, use a greater thickness, perhaps up to 1.3 om, and change the lengths accordingly. 7/8 Ifthe plywood has no plastic or Bakelite reinforcement, it must either be of a greater thickness (8 to 10 mm), or it must have a reinforcing frame on the upper side, with material such as that of item 30. 9 Aluminium foil can usually be bought in supermarkets - it is used in baking 11 The hinges could be made of straps of strong fabric, leather or skin measuring about 10 by $ ‘em, Fix them on the upper side of the lid and on the glass frame, each with a small piece of plywood of size 4.5 x 54 cm, and with nals as item 40 14 The cord tightener can be taken from an old tent 20 ‘The handle may be carved from hardwood 21/22 Aluminium sheet 0.2 to 0.3 cm thick is ideal, e.g. a used ofiset plate from a printers, Alternatively use galvanised steel. This may be flattened corrugated iron with a max. thickness of 0.2 em. 23/24 With wood of poor quality increase the thickness up to 3cm, and then adjust the distance between the upper edge of the side wall 27 and the upper edge of the leg 29. 29 The length of the legs should be chosen to give the cooker whatever height is required. 39 Small nuts and bolts may be used, 44 Blackboard paint is ideal. Otherwise, paint can be made as follows: Mix soot, or black ferrous- ‘manganese powder with a mixture of one part turpentine and one part linseed oil. Let the rixture stand overnight. Paint a small area with a brush, and bake it in the solar cooker at a temperature of at least 130 degrees centigrade, Ifthe paint does not give adequate cover, add ‘more powder. 45 For insulation, wood shavings are recommended: If availabe, finely chopped, dried water hyacinth can be used! Glass wool is also suitable, Polystyrene, however, cannot withstand temperatures above 85°C. 46 Use weatherproof varnish, enamel paint or lacquer. named Teecngy Seow * anamed Page 9TABLE 1 Parts list for flat Solar Oven tem Number a Description Dimensions (cm) Material 1 | 2 | 4 | sheet of glass 50x50x03 window glass 2 | 4 | 2 | frame for glass 549x6x03 | wood 3 2. | frame for glass 107.6x6x03 | wood 4 1 | cross bar $05x6x22 | wood S| 8 | 16 | plass retaining ‘illet 49.5x14x1 wood 6 | 4 | 8 [spacer fiter 495x24x1 wood i reflector lid 55x55x05 plywood with Bakelite 8 1 reflector tid 108x 55x05 | plywood with Bakelite ei reflective material 55x55 aluminium foil 10 1 | reffective material 108 x 55 aluminium foil n | 2 | 3. |hinge 3x4 12 | 1 | 1 [prop for reflector S0x15x15 [wood [1 | 2 lead 0.3 x 100 sisal or nylon 14 | 1 | 2 |condtightener 35x15x05 | plastic or metal 18 | 2 | 2. [window holding ledge 25x25x1 hardwood 16 | 2 } 2° | butter block Sx2x2 hardwood 17 | 2 | 2. |revetment 615%63%15 | wood ws | 2 revetment S5x63x15 [wood | 3 | 2 jrevetment 1078x63x1.5 — |wood 20 3. handle ‘wood / steel mi | q stove bottom 78x78x003 | aluminium sheet 2 1 | stove bottom 131% 78x003 aluminium sheet 23 | 2 | 2 | frame for stove bottom 50.5x8x22 | wood za | 2 frame for stove bottom 665x8x22 | wood 2s 2. | frame for stove bottom 119.5%8x22 | wood 26 | 4 | 4 | frame joint 15x75x08 | plywood 27 | 4 | 2 | side walt 61x 27x05 plywood 28 2 | side wall 120x27x05 | plywood 29 | 4 | 4 fee 40x4x4 ‘wood 30 | 4 | 2 | reinforcing stip 585x25x15 | wood a1 2. | reinforcing strip 118x25x15 [wood 2 1 dase 67.5 x 67.5 x05 plywood 3 1 [base 1205x675x05 | plywood 34 | 30 | 40 |e'sumk wood serens 3x2 steel 35 | 24 | 48 |c'sunk wood screws 03x25 steel 36 | 4 | 4 Je’sunk wood serews 035x2 steel 37, | 12 | 12 |e’sunk wood screws 035x35 steal 38 4 |e’sunk wood screws 0.a5%5 steel 39 | 4 | 6 | button head rivet o3x1 40 | 151 | 152 ) la-headed nail O.14x2 41 | 18 | 24 |sunk-hended nail O1dx3 42 | 14 | 14 | sunk headed nail 2x5 a svood glue 44 paint lack, matt, dull 45 ‘insulation material 8 om thick wood shavings 46 ‘weather protection eg, linscod oil window seal ‘old bicyele inner tube rama Tshclogy Slr oven 4 © anamed Page 10Construction 1. General points ~The following description and diagrams are for the standard aven. The procedure for the family sized oven is exactly similar. ~ Measurements must be precise - to produce a hot, draught-proof oven, ~All wooden joints are secured with wood gluc, unless stated otherwise. 2. ‘The Window (see Figures 1 and 2) i) On the four glass frame battens 2 make a tenon at one end and two tenons at the other using saw and chisel, Put the four parts together to make a distortion-free square. Secure ‘each tenon with a nail (42), ii) Secure four retaining fillets 5 on the inner side of the glass frame exactly parallel to the outer edge, and with no steps in the comers. Use three screws 35 for each fillet, but no glue to facilitate the future possible replacement of broken glass. The fillets should be pte-drilled with 3mm holes. Secure the first pane of glass with four spacer fillets 6, using three nails 40 for each fillet. Before putting the second glass pane in place, both must be thoroughly cleaned. To prevent the glass surface from becoming covered with moisture when the oven is used, either rub the inner surfaces of the glass panes with a clarifying cloth, or treat with transparent soap. Rub the glass liberally with the soap, and then vigorously with a dry cloth until the glass is completely clear. The four remaining fillets 5 are used to fasten the second glass pane in the same way as the first. 3. ‘The Reflector (Figure 3) i) Mount the reflector foil 9 on the reflector lid 7, using ordinary glue. Fasten the hinges 11 on the reflecting side of the reflector lid with rivets (or nuts and bolts) 39. Now secure the lid to the window frame with screws 34. Hammer a nail 42 into each end of the reflector prop until one cm is left protruding. (With harder wood first drill holes of 1.5 mm. diameter, to prevent the possibility of the wood splitting, ) Cut off the heads of the nails, and file the ends smooth. Bend both spikes by about 45 degrees in the same direction, and make a chamfer on both ends of the prop as shown in the drawing. ii) Drill holes Smm in diameter through the right hand side of the closed lid, and about 1 em into the window frame, as shown in the diagram. Drill also the two holes of 3 mm diameter for the cord. Drill horizontal 3 mm holes for the cord 13 in the frame. Countersink the hole on the outside, knot the cord in this recess and secure it with a nail 40, Drill two 3 mm holes in the cord tightener 14 and round the ends, Pass the free end of the cord through one of the holes in the cord tightener, through the two holes in the lid and through the other hole of the tightener, and then knot, as shown. 4, Frame for the Oven Housing (see Figure 1) Build a rectangular frame with the parts 23 and 24. Join them together with frame joints 26, using eight nails 40 on each corner, The unit then measures 66.5 x 66.5 cm. 5. Oven Housing (See Figures 1 and 4) Secure each of the side walls 27 one by one to a leg 29, Ieaving just enough space above the leg so that, when the stove frame is added, the frame is flush with the top of the leg. Attach a reinforcing strip 30 to each side wall such that it is flush with the bottom of the side, see Figure 4. Nail the sides and legs together, as in Figure 4. Secure the stove frame to the side walls. Use three nails 40 to join the sides 27 to the legs, 5 nails for reinforcing strips 30, and six nails to secure sides 27 to the frame. The resulting box should be precisely built, and very rigid. rene Testsigy Serovar at * anamed Page 11Figure | Window, oven and oven housing construction ‘named Tcbilogy Soar oven At * anamed Page 12Figure 2, Window construction Figure 3. Reflector Construction =ae BSL Figures 4, Oven housing construction 67 : 5 | 7 q @ FE 30) wend Teasley Saar owea nd ¥ named Page 136. Oven construction (see Figures 1 and 5) ‘) First of all, copy the drawing of Figure 5 onto a piece of paper, and practice folding (as described under (ii) below) until you understand how it goes. Then copy the drawing onto an offset printing plate or aluminium or steel shect using, if possible, a permanent marker. Cut along the outside edge (perhaps by scoring along the line with a knife and tuler, and then bending). If the sheets available are too small, smaller sheets can be secured together by folding them to make a seam, as shown in Figure 5. Ensure that these {joints are in the bottom, and, if possible, in the middle. If the sheet is only a few em too small, the 38 x 38 cm square can be reduced. ii) Bend the four sides in turn, bending against a sharp edge of metal or hard wood. Do not score with a knife or the sheet will break — and even small holes would allow water to rip into the insulation material beneath the oven. At cach comer, a gusset is made by folding forwards or backwards as indicated on Figure 5, which is then wrapped round to lie flat against the oven side as shown in Figure 1. Place this oven box into the oven hhousing, and nail to the frame with several nails 40 per side. iii) If the bottom of the oven box sags, because it is made of material that is very thin, strengthen it underneath with strips such as item 30. Make a rectangle in such a way such that the strips cannot twist Insulation i) Fill the space between the oven and the side walls and oven floor with insulation material, This should be tightly packed, with no unfilled spaces. ii) Saw the corners of the oven floor to size, and secure it to the walls with five screws 34 per side, Do not use glue, to permit the insulation to be renewed. 8, Window surround Place the window centrally on the oven housing, and place pieces 17 and 18 around the window. Nail them in position to the oven housing with nails 41. This frame provides a positive location for the window. Final jobs i) Fasten a handle 20 to the centre of the front of the glass frame so that it is comfortable for the fingers when opening the window. Secure the two other handles to the pieces 17 with four screws 37 each. These screws must penetrate pieces 23 and 24. The handles are for carrying the unit. ) A locking device prevents the window from moving when it is opened. This has two components, First, secure the two holding ledges 15 with three screws 34 each to the back of the glass frame such that they protrude two em on both sides. Secondly, screw the buffer blocks 16 onto pieces 17 with two screws 37 such that they lie against both the window frame and piece 15, iii) The entire cooker should be treated with weather protection 46, except the bakelised plywood which is already waterproof. iv) In order to make the oven completely air-tight, and therefore as hot as possible, proceed as follows, Take an old bicycle inner tube 47 and cut it lengthways. Cut it into lengths such that 4 pieces cover the ledge on which the window sits. Fold the strips in two, and pin in position with nails 40. ro seamed Tecmcogy Sou oven Aa © anamed Page 14Figure 5. Oven Construction (using a sheet 76cm square) fold forward fold backward All dimensions are in cm. The dimensions of each corner are identical. This diagram looks at the underside. To attach two smaller metal sheets =— together, fold as shown, and press nore Tooley Sear oven A anamed Page 1510, Solar oven: sloping design, standard and family STANDARD SIZE S External dimensions:' 67 x 60°x 60 cm Cooking capacity: 6 persons approx. Max. pan height: 19 cm EAMILY SIZE F External dimensions: 120 x 60 x 60 cm Cooking capacity: 12 persons approx. Max. pan height: 19 cm Page 16PARTS LIST-FOR STANDARD (5S) ANO FAMILY (F) SIZES Pos. SRGLSSSSSASASE SR SVARRARNSSETRRSOSES oosameunr sO SL 52 53 54 55 z 5 Description Glass window pane Glass framo Glase frane Cross bar Glass securing batten Glass distancing batten Reflector cover Reflector cover Reflactor foil Reflector foil Hinge Reflecter support Bracing Line Line brace Window retaining batten Stop block Panel batten Panel batten Panel batten Panel: batten Panel batten ou handle Oven bin bin frameuork framouork Qven framauork Oven frameuork Oven frameuork Connecting piace Side panel. Front panel Front panel Rear panel panel Front leg Rear leg Reinforcing batten Reinforcing batten Reinforcing batten @ottom panel Bottom panel Countersunk uood screw Countersunk wood s Countersunk wood scrou Countersunk wood screw Countersunk wood screu Flat round rivet Flat headed nail Countersunk nail Countersunk nail \ood glue Paint - Insulating material Ueather~proofing BEBE DI NNR RINSE EIR EIU EI NENNN EERIE IO seB sRBook named Tetology Soe ven Dimensions (cm) so x 90 xG.3 54,9 x 6 x 2.2 1076 x 6 x 2.2 50,5 x 6 x 2.2 -45,5x L4x1 49.5 x 2.4x1 55 x 55 x 0.5 we x 55 x 0.5 58 x 55 x 0.01 108 x 58 x 0.01 3 ox 3 50 x 1.5% 15 0.2 x 100 approx. 35x 15x 0.5 25 x 2522 Som Fe. 66.5 x 6.3 x 1.5 55 x 4.3.x 15 107.8 x 4.3 x 1:5 85 x 74x 15 107.8% 7.4% LS 16.5 99-5 x 84.7 x 0.03 152.4 x 84.7 x 0.03 80.5 x 8 x 2.2 66.5% 7 x 2.2 19.5 x 2 x 2.2 66.5 x 9 x 2.2 US x 9 x 2.2 15 x 7.5 x G8 60.5 x 48 x 05 66.5 x 15 x 0.5 19.5 x 15 x 0.5 66.5 x 43 x 0.5 19.5 x 43 x 0.5 Wx 4 x4 56x 4 x4 SLSx 25x 15 56.5% 2.5 x 1.5 MLS x 2.5 x 1:5 67,5 x 60.5 x 0.5 120.5 x 60.5 x 0.5 O.3x 2 0.3 x 2.5 0.35 x 2 0.35 x 3.5 0.35 x 5 0.3 x 0.8 o.14x 2 O14 x 3 O.2x 5 Strength 8 cm Materials Uindou glass Wood Mood Wood Mood ood Bakelized plywood Bakelized plywood Aluminium Foil Aluminium Foil Galvanized steel Yood Nylon Bakelized plyuood Mood Chromed steel Offsat plating Offset plating ood Wood ood Wood ood. Plywood Plywood Plywood, Plywood Plywood Plywood Wood Wood Mood Wood Wood Plyuood Plywood Steal Steel Steel Steel Stor Aluminium Stoel Steel Steal Mat black Mineral wool-matting 2.9. Linsead oil Page 17ALTERNATIVES TO ITEMS IN THE PARTS LIST Pos. 2/316 5/6 7/8 9/10 un 22 23/24 25/26/27 28/29 ‘Alternatives: Alternative glass thickness: min. 2mm and max. 5 mm, involving: possible adjustment in the width of Pos. 5. For greater breakage security: hardened glass quality. Such so called Temperite or Security Glass is at least 3.5 mm thick and about double the price of normal window pane glass. It should be ordered for the correct measurements as it cannot be subsequently cut again. Such glass is not readily available. It is only worth the increased expenditure for a larger number of units. Poor timber quality will require thicker battens and stay, up to 2.5 cm section approx. The length will then have to be appropriately adjusted so that measurements remain the same in the interior of the framework. Adjustments will also be necessary in Positions 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21. In case of poor timber quality, thicker section battens should be considered up to 1.3'cm approx., together with an appropriate adjustment of the lengths. Normal plywood of 8 mm to 10 mm gauge. When employing plywood of 4.mm to 5 mm gauge, the cover will have to be strengthened all round with a bracing frame, In the "F” version, an additional bracing batten will have to be provided, sited over the centre window stay. Battens of the dimensions as Pos. 38, for example. By the using of aluminium sheeting of 0.4’mm to 0.5 mm gauge in place of plywood, the reflector Pos. 9 and 10 will become superfluous. Offset plating or aluminium sheeting. See 7/8. Hinge straps of strong textile material or leather in 10 % 5 cm. Four pieces for the "S" version and 7 pieces for the “F" version. These should be attached to the upper face of the cover and on the glass framework with a plywood batten, th 4.5 cm ; length for "Ss" version 54 cm and for version 107 cm, Nails as in Pos. 49 Bow handle of bent branch timber or sawn from hardwood. Aluminium sheeting from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm gauge or . galvanized corrugated sheeting (e.g. beaten flat corrugated sheeting) of max. 0.2 mm gauge Larger wood section should be employed in cases of poor timber quality, up to 3 om approx. Appropriate adjustments will then become necessary to the distances between the top edges of the front and rear panels of Pos. 32 and 33 and/or 34 and 25 respectively and the top edges of the legs, Pos. 36 and 37 ; see drawing on page 16. ‘acme Tuloy | Solar aven At * Page 18Pos. 31/32/33 34/35/41 42 36/37 48 53 34 55 Alternatives: Plywood gauge 4 mm. In place of plywood, aluminium sheeting from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm gauge or galvanized iron sheeting of max. 0,2 mm gauge may be employed. For reasons of stability however, the framework of the oven, oven frame, legs and bracing battens, should first be rigidly jointed together before the metal sheeting side. and bottom panels be attached to the framework. It is recommended to allow the panels to overlap the oven framework by 1 cm approx. and to bend these overlaps round the corners before applying the panel battens. In cases of poor timber quality, larger wood sections should be preferred which may also be square. Appropriate adjustments will then become necessary to the distances between the top edges of the front and rear panels of Pos. 32 and 33 and/or 34 and 25 respectively and the top edges of the legs, Pos. 36 and 37 ; see drawing on page 16. Longer leg lengths may be selected in order that the solar oven cooker has more ground clearance. If the reflector cover, Pos. 7 and 8, has been fitted with a frame, the hinges should be fastened to the cover with countersunk wood screws as in Pos. 43. This is however also possible without a frame, by anchoring these with a batten applied to the upper face of Pos. 7 and 8. Blackboard paint or a self mixed paint according to the following recipe : mix soot or iron manganese powder with a semi oil preparation. This comprises part turpentine x white-spirit and boiled linseed oil. Let the mixture stand over night. A small sample should be applied with a brush to the interior of the solar oven and should be allowed to set at a temperature of at least 130°C. If the result is too thin, add more powder or soot to the mixture. If the painted surface is too gloss, reduce the linseéd oil content of the mixture. Organic materials, such as hay, rice straw, coconut fibre, ground nut shells, wood wool, wood chips, kapok, raw cotton, twists of newsprint. No styropore, as this is not heat resistant. Weather-proof coloured paint or varnish. When employing metal sheeting for the panels, cover and bottom, only the exterior wooden parts should be painted. momad Tesenogy/Salarovenas —* anamed Page 19ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS 1. GENERAL: - The assembly instructions refer to those items in the parts list. Alternatives to the various parts are listed on pages 5 and 6. - When finishing the various parts and assembling these, it is recommended to work with absolute precision. Inaccuracies can have a negative influence on the functionability of the solar oven cooker. Much. time will then be wasted on the subsequent locating, correcting and adjusting of errors. Except where expressly otherwise stated, all woodwork is to be joined together with wood glue. ~The symbols "s" and "F" stand for the "Standard" and "Family" versions, During assembly work, only those instructions should be followed which are preceded by the appropriate symbol . - The position numbers and those of the various constructional parts appear in square brackets throughout, e.g. [15 - The illustrated drawings are given only for the "S" version, but can also be taken as guidance for the "F" version, with the appropriate adjustments for size. 2. Window Cut tongue and groove joints on each end of the glass frame pieces (2] and [3], as indicated in the drawing under no. 2 on page 14, using a saw and. chisel. Joint the 4 pieces together to forma rigid unvarped rectangular framework. Secure all tongue and groove jointings with a nail [51]. Attach the cross bar [4] in the centre of the rectangular frameuork vith 4 screus [47], tuo at each end. 2. 8: Attach 4 glass securing battens [5] on the inside of the glass frame abutting the outer edging, without a break in the 4 corners with 4 screws each (44] and without wood glue, to permit the replacement of damaged glass panes as required. The battens should be drilled in advance to 3 nm diam. The first glass window pane [1] should now be sited. This is to be secured all round with the 4 2 (6). Ensure that in the corners the énds of the various glass securing and distancing battens do not overlay each other but are staggered. This renders the window more airtight. 4 nails [49] are required to affix each batten. Before siting the second glass window pane, both glass panes should be thoroughly cleaned. To prevent condensation forming on the inner side of the glass panes. when operating the solar oven cooker, these surfaces should be treated with glycerine or an anti-misting cloth. The glass should be rubbed with these several times up, down and across. Polish the glass panes with a dry cloth to remove anti-misting residue. Attach the second glass window pane in the same manner with the 4 remaining battens [5]. Follow the Same instructions as for "S" for the two adjacent glass pane windows. Draw the reflector foil [9] or [10] over the reflector cover (7) or [8]. If the foil is not self adhesive, apply with contact adhesive or waterproof household glue. named Technnng Ssar oven AA anamed Page 205. S:F: 6. Ss: F: 3. Oven 1. S)Fr 2. S/F: mone Tedaoogy Attach the hinges [11] to the reflector cover on the mirror side with the rivets [48] (holes 3 mm diam., see drawing on page 15). The cover can now be attached’ to the glass frame with the screws (43]. In order that the cover fits tightly when closed, a chisel may be used on the frame, where the hinges are sited, to chip off wood corresponding to the thickness of the folded hinges. Hammer a nail [51] into both ends of ‘the reflector support [12] leaving 1 cm approx. ‘showing. If hardwood is employed, pre-drill to avoid splitting the wood. Nip off the heads and file the ends off round. Bend both nails to approx. 45° in the same direction. Chip off both edge ends of the support to an angle of 45° under the bent nail until a surface of 1 cn approx. is formed (see drawing on page 15). On the right hand side of the closed reflector cover drill § mm diam. holes for the reflector support through the reflector cover about 1 cm. into the glass frame thereunder, as well as drill 2 holes on the same side of the reflector cover 3 mm diam. for the bracing line, as in the drawing on page 15. The bracing line [13] is attached to the glass frame by drawing it through a drilled side aperture 3 mm diam. (see drawing on page 15). First countersink the hole conically from the outside and tie a stop knot on the end of the bracing line. Draw the bracing line through until the knot rests in the countersunk hole and secure it with a nail [49]. The end of the line brace [14] should be rounded off and a 3 mm diam. hole drilled through each end. The other end of the bracing line is drawn through one of the holes in the end of the line brace and then threaded through both holes in the reflector cover. Draw the end of the bracing line through the second hole in the line brace and apply a stop knot. The holes for the reflector support are to be drilled in the centre of the reflector cover and. in the cross bar. Bracing lines are to be fitted to both ends of the window. Form a rectangular shape with the 4 parts of the oven [25], [26] and [28] for "s" and [25], [27] and 129} for "FY and joint them together with the 4 connectina pieces [30] and 8 nails each. In the "s" version, this forms a square of 66.5 x 66.5 cm and in the "F"'version, a rectangle of 66.5 x 119.5 cm. The exterior edgings of [26] and [28) and/or [27] and {29} respectively, should now be planed off at 25° angles (see drawing on page 14) Attach both the front legs (36] with 3 nails [49] each to the front panel [32} and/or [33] respectively, as well as the reinforcing battens [39 with 5 nails (491 and/or [40] with 9 nails [49], as the case may be. in the same-manner attach the rear leas [37] to the rear panel (34) and/or (35] respectively with 5 nails {49} each, as well as the reinforcing battens [39] and/or [40]'as the case may be. Affix the reinforcing battens [38] to both side panels [31] with 4 nails [49] each, in such a way as to provide a finished left-hand and’ right hand panel. Simona anarged , Page 21Assemble and attach the four panels, one after the other, with nails [49] to the oven framework and connect them together at the legs to-form a rigid box form. For forming the oven bin [23] and/or [24] respectively, transfer ‘the drawing on page 17 to a.sufficiently large offset plate and cut out the collapsed shape along the boundary‘lines (e.g. 2 or three cuts with a Stanley cutter and ruler and then break off by bending over). Should insufficiently large offset plates or aluminium sheeting be available, 2 or 3 smaller pieces may be employed, in joining them up severally by folding the edges together as ‘shown at the bottom of. the drawing on page 17. Ensure that such joints are made at the bottom and in the middle portions of the collapsed oven bin. The.oven bin is now shaped in the following manner: first bend up the 4 side walls along the dotted lines by Pfessing a sharp edged piece of hardwood or metal against the edges of the bin bottom. Bring together each of the 2 points A, B, C and D at the four corners and then press the thereby formed triangular tips together in the middle. These tips must be bent over in such a way that they lay flat against a side panel (see drawing on pages 10 and-11). Finally bend the upper edge outwards, with advantage over the edge of a table. Before introducing the finished oven bin into its position in the oven framework, first attach it with its bent over upper edge to the inside edge of the rear of the oven framework [26] with 4 nails [49] and/or [29] with 7 nails [49] respectively, from the underside. The oven bin is now still standing vertically in an upwards position. The oven bin is now pulled down so that the bent over edge with the attaching nails is now no longer visible and the upper edge of the oven bin is flusk with the upper edge of the oven framework. The remaining three sides can now be attached with 4 and/or 7 nails (49] each to the inner edge of the oven framework. In order to create a flush finish between the oven bin and the oven framework, thin battens can be applied along the front and side edges (e.g. of 5 mm gauge bakelized plywood in 1.5 cm width) flush with the upper edge of the oven framework to cover the join, directly with nails [49] without the necessity of previously attaching the metalwork to the oven frame. Should the oven bin be too pliable because of employing very thin metal sheeting, the bottom of the oven bin can be made rigid by applying 1 or 2 battens of the size (381 from below. The battens are then fixed at right- -angles to the front and rear panels with nails, e.g. [50]. Paint the bottom of the oven bin with mat black stove flue paint [53]. Fill the cavity between the side panels and the oven bin and between the oven bin bottom and the bottom panel with insulating material [54]. should loose material be employed, ensure that sufficient is compressed into the cavities so thatno air pockets remain as well avoid shrinkage with time, On the-other hand, not too much should be compressed into: the cavities as optimum insulation is obtained with sufficient air present among the fibres of the material. Apart from this the solar oven cooker would become unnecessarily heavy. sumed aly So oe anamed Page 2310. More of the sun's rays can be collected if reflectors are constructed all round the glass, as shown in the diagram. These simple reflectors can be made by gluing aluminium foil to the sides of a cardboard box SFr Before the bottom panel [41] and/or [42] respectively can be attached, cut outs will have to be made in all 4 corners to accommodate the legs. The bottom panel is affixed with 18 screws [43] for the "S" version and with 26 screws [43] for the "F" version respectively, but without glue so that it can be easily renoved subsequently to renew the insulation material. To attach the panel battens [17], (18] and [20] and/or [17], [19] and [21] respectively, the window should first be laid in its correct position on the glass frame. Site the appropriate 4 battens closely abutting the glass frame ; [17] at the sides, [18] and/or [19] and [20] and/or [21] respectively front and back and attach these with a total of 18 nails [50] and/or 24 nails [50] respectively. Attach the bow handle [22] with 4 screws [45] in the front centre of the glass frame in such a manner that the fingers can be comfortably introduced between the bow handle and the framework to open the window. To carry the solar oven ‘cooker, affix 2 other bow handles at the side extremes on the panel batten [17] with 4 screws [46]. In order that the window cannot slip down on opening, an arrester facility is envisaged (see drawing on pages’ 4 and 10/11). This comprises 2 window retaining battens (15) on the one hand, which are attached to the rear part of the glass frame with 3 screws (44] each, in such a manner as to protrude by 2 cm, and on the other hand by 2 stop blocks [16], which are attached to: the panal battens [17] with 2 screus [46] each and abutting the glass frame and the Window retaining battens. The whole solar oven cooker should be treated with weather~proofing [55] except in those parts of bakelized woodwork which is already weather~proof. A variation on the theme rd Tstoology Sear oven AN named Page 24Page 26 anamed ey99. ak 1524) ! ' 1 ' ' ' f 225 (49) | ema Page 2811. Solar food drier for the Tropics ‘The solar dryer provides an effective means of drying fruits and herbs because J, a temperature of 35 to 45°C is easily achieved. 2. it is hygienic; the materials are protected from dust and insects, This temperature range is ideal because a) the materials dry quickly, thus preventing any danger of mould forming. b) below 45°C, and because the fruits and herbs are not in direct sunlight, valuable vitamins and medicinal components are not destroyed. The solar dryer consists of a sun collector, a drying chamber and a chimney, see the diagram oon the next page ‘The drying chamber illustrated contains four drying trays which measure 1 metre by 1 metre. ‘The measurements of the dryer can vary, but the proportions must be maintained. Drying trays of about 60cm square may be better the first time a dryer is constructed. The drying chamber is made from square comer posts and side walls of plywood. The roof and chimney are made of sheet metal and painted black. The floor is provided with a drip tray. The purpose of the chimney is to increase the flow of air through the dryer. The nearer the equator and therefore the lower the solar collector, the more necessary the chimney is. The floors of the drying trays consist of grids which can be made of metal or plastic and are designed like drawers. The front of the drying chamber has a door to allow the trays to be removed and replaced. ‘The solar collector comprises a corrugated iron absorber which is painted black and secured in the middle of the collector so that air can circulate freely on both sides. All air vents are closed off with a fine metal mesh to prevent insects or small animals from entering. Various materials may be used for the transparent cover. Glass is most ideal, but is expensive and breakable. Plastic sheeting, including thin polythene, is cheaper but not so transparent nor so durable. ‘The collector should be placed at an angle corresponding in degrees to the geographical latitude of the location. Close to the equator the collector must have an inclination of at least 10 degrees Usage The drier must be in placed such that the solar collector faces directly towards the midday sun. If the temperature inside the dryer exceeds 45°C, the solar collector can be partially covered. No more than two thirds of the grids should be covered, in order to allow the air to flow freely If the material dries unevenly, the trays can be rotated through 90° or 180°, or exchanged with each other ~ the material on the lower trays tends to dry more quickly. How dry the material is can be tested using a hygrometer. The finished products should be stored in labelled, air-tight containers. Caution: This solar dryer is called an “updraft dryer” because, as a result of the air being significantly warmed in the solar collector, there is an upwards movement of air through the drying trays and up the chimney. As the air passes through the drying trays, it will become moist and cooler, but under sunny conditions it will still be warm enough for the natural draft to take it out through the chimney. If, however, the weather becomes cloudy, the air will not be ‘warmed so much, and then as it passes through the fruits or herbs it may become just as cool as the outside temperature. This air will then fall rather than pass upwards through the chimney. The result will then be stagnant air, and the danger of mould forming nomed Teeny Sala one 4 anamed Page 29Page 30 named | S0TN eddy ga eR, saidosy ayy tof S ¥ nh ¥ =< BAYA Toos Y¥TOS ©More practical “appropriate technology” ideas from anamed * how to make and use an "A" frame, © use of a hygrometer, ‘* construction of improved cookstoves * construction of and a simple sand filter * construction of a ventilated pit latrine ‘solar water disinfection are all to be found in "Natural Medicine in the Tropics III: Teacher's Resource Kit". ‘a detailed description of soap-making ‘© construction of a simple balance + water purification using moringa are to be found in “Natural Medicine in the Tropics I: Tropical plants as a source of health care, production of medicines and cosmetics.” Other anamed publications "'Natural Medicine in the Tropics: 1 Tropical plants as a source of health care. Production of medicines and cosmetics.” (English | ‘Second Fdition 2001) by Hans-Martin Hint and Bindanda Mia, Aso availble in German: *Natuliche Medizin in den Tropen", French: “La Médocine Naturelle Tropicale”, Spanish: “Medicina Natural” and Ukrainian, ‘This book describes the social and economic irperative for Natural Medicine, 18 plats in great detail, 30 more ‘plants and natural products ind how to make tas, oils ad medicines, The poster: "Healing Plants in the Tropics" “Available in English, French and German, “Natural Medicine in the Tropics: II Treatments" ‘This book! Also available in French, Portuguese and Swahili “Natural Medicine in the Tropics: III Seminar Leader's Resource Kit" A collection of materials for Biblical reflections and group discussions, ‘and background information on several topics. Malaria Artemisia Starter-Kit ‘This kit includes soods and all the materials needed for several years cultivation and use: scientific information and literature, a “cultivation chart, record forms, newsletters for two years. Bach pack i prepared wit information in the appropriate language(s) forthe country of use. Mercury Soaps: A Modern Day Scandal The report desonbes the problem of wsng staps and cosmetics that contain mercury forthe purpose of skin lightning. The min report are followed by a colletion of newspaper articles, scientific papers and other relevant information. Anamed socks to outlaw the sale of such toxic products worldwide. English only. Making Peace: Biblical Principles ‘Based on the work of a Christin initiative in Uganda, this book gives clues about how practitioners of Natural Medicine can contrbute to peacemaking These and other publications and materials are available from: Anamed international ¢.V., c/o Dr. Hans-Martin Hirt, Schafweide 77, 71364 Winnenden, Germany. Email: anamed@t-online.de Web-site: www.anamed net rama Tsao Soon ‘named Page 31‘named: Publications and materials by post (valid from 1. January 2009) anamed, Schafweide 77, 71364 Winnenden, Germany. Enquiries, Keith Lindsey anamed@i-online de, Orders by post or email with or without this form (not by telephone) to Hans-Martin Hirt anamedhmh@yahoo de ENGLISH Order mumber tem Euro Total 105 Hir/M’Pia, “Natural Medicine inthe Tropics I: Foundation text” aan) 16 106 This book together with colour posters (403) Q2n7) 26 109 Hir/Lindsey, “Natural Medicine in the Tropics II: Seminar handbook” G4) i 113 “Natural Medicine: II Seminar Leader's Resource Kit” 16 114 Lindsey, “Making peace: Biblical principles” 9 115 Hir/Lindsey/Balagizi, “Natural Medicine TV: AIDS and Natural Medicine” (54/344) 7 116 Document: “Four ULOG solar ovens and one drier: Construction plans and uses 2 117 Document: “Neem in medicine and agriculture” at) 5 403 Colour poster of 60 tropical med. plants (folded or as roll?) aris") 10 419 anamed Moringa Reader 5 421 Seeds of Moringa oleifera + stenopetala with anamed Moringa Reader. 20 107 Lindsey/Hlirt "Use Water Hyacinth! (ine, instructions for solar oven constr) (64/S* 7 201 Report “Mercury Soaps: A Moder Day Scandal” arse) 5 204 ‘Document | “Artemisia anrwa anamed: Cultivation, harvest, and uses of A-3” 10 220 Document 2 “Malaria: Artemisia annua: From research to experience” 24 ‘OTHER MATERIALS 411 Dried artemisia leaves - raw material for scientific uses, 50g n 400 White sheet, 70 x 100m, laminated on both sides for teaching with markers 10 404 Colour poster of 60 medicinal plants, no text, laminated for use with markers 10 408 Seeds of 10 different tropical plants (ready for germination) 25 409 Anamed Malaria Programme Starter-it with S000 seeds *** no 412 ‘Artemisia, refill pack of S000 seeds, oly for people who have already purchased 409 40 435. Hyrometer (to determine the expiry date for dricd leaves, foodstuffs ete ) 7 GERMAN 101 HirM’pia "Natirtiche Medizin in den Tropen {” cazvioe) 14 102 This book together with colour poster (401) Goris) 24 401 Colour Poster, 70x100cm, “Heilpflanzen in dea Tropen” (folded or as oll?) (8*/5**) 10 303 Information re seeds of healing plans: purchase, preservation 1 202 Document "Malaria: Artemisia annua with an illustrated cultivation guide 10 FRENCH 103. -HirdM’Pia "La Medecine Naturelle Tropicale 1 cane) 16 104 This book with colour poster (402) @ovise) 24 112 “La Medecine Naturelle Tropicale: Traitements” Seminar handbook, 4p (5*/3**) A 118 “La Medecine Naturelle Tropicale: Ift Guide du Formateur” 16 122, “La Medecine Naturelle Tropicale: 1V Le SIDA et la Médecine Naturelle” (54/3**) i 402 Colour poster, 70x100em, “Plantes médicinales tropicales"(folded or as roll?) (8¥/5**) 0 420 Brochure informative anamed: le moringa. 3 422 Seeds of Moringa oleifera + stenopetala with Brochure informative anamed: le moringa 20 206 Report "Mercury Soaps: A Modem Day Scandal” (French) 3") 3 203 Document "Malaria: Artemisia annua” with an illustrated cultivation guide 10 PORTUGUESE 120 Hird/M’Pia “Medicina Natural nos Tropicos I” aan" 16 111 "Medicina Natural nos Tropics: I! Tratamentos” Seminar handbook rt) 7 205 Information “Malaria: Artemisia anvma” with an illustrated cultivation guide 6 405 Colour poster of 60 tropical med. plants (folded or as roll?) (arises) 10 SPANISH 110 Hird/M’Pia "Medicina Natural en los paises tropicales - Part A” 160pp aan), 16 121 “Medicina Natural" — Part B includes extracts from NMI, I] & IV. 40 pp A4 10 207 Information: "Malaria: Artemisia anmua” with an illustrated cultivation guide 10 SWAHILI 123 Hiin/M'Pia, “Madawa ya asi: 1” aan) 16 119 Hirt/Lindsey, “Dawa za asili katika nchi zajoto Il Uzoefut” Seminar handbook (5*/3**) 7 * price for atleast Sof this item in Euro.** price for at least 0 of this item in Euro *** For starter-kit orders: please sive the address to which it should be posted, and for our records the postal and email addresses ofthe final user, and the preferred languages of the user (English / French / German / Spanish / Portuguese / Swahili)