Contents

Abstract i

Contents ii

List of Figures iv

List of Tables vi

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Aim of the project 2

1.2 Literature survey 2

1.3 Organization of the thesis 3
Chapter 2 Overview of CDMA 4

2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Spread spectrum techniques 4
2.3 Direct sequence spread spectrum 6
2.4 Pseudo random noise codes 7
2.4.1 Walsh hadamard codes 8
2.4.2 Shift register sequences and gold code 9
2.5 Modulation schemes in CDMA 9
2.5.2 BPSK modulation 9
2.5.3 QPSK modulation 11
2.6 Conclusion 12
Chapter 3 MIMO - CDMA 13

3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 MIMO technique 14
3.3 Overview of MIMO-CDMA 15
3.4 Channel characteristics 16
3.4.1 Rayleigh fading channel 16
3.4.2 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel 18
3.5 Bit rate and Symbol rate 18
3.6 Bit error rate (BER) 19

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 3.7 Space time block coding 19
3.8 Conclusion 20

Chapter 4 System description 21

4.1 Introduction 21

4.2 Conventional spreading technique 21

4.3 Parity bit selected spreading technique 21
4.4 Permutation spreading technique based on T designs 26
4.5 Permutation spreading technique based on STBC matrix 27
4.6 Conclusion 30
Chapter 5 Results and Discussions 31

5.1 Introduction 31
5.2 The performance analysis of conventional spreading 31
5.3 The performance analysis of parity bit selected spreading 32
5.4 The performance analysis of permutation spreading based on T 33
designs
5.5 The performance analysis of permutation spreading based on 35
space time block code matrix
5.6 Conclusion 38
Chapter 6 Conclusions 39

6.1 Future scope 41

References

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