--

a
Solar radiant heat absorption, expressed as a %.

A Pillar
A support for the vehicles roof located on either side of the vehicle at the very front. The sides of the
windshield are bonded to the A pillar.

a1
Solar radiant heat absorption of the external glass of the double-glazed unit. (%)

a2
Solar radiant heat absorption of the internal glass of the double-glazed unit. (%)

AAMA
American Architectural Manufacturers Association, a national trade association that establishes
voluntary standards for the window, door and skylight industry.

AAMA Gold
A labeling program sponsored by AAMA that certifies the AL, Water and Structural performance of
windows and doors as reported as DP rating. Thermal performance certification may also be included
in the AAMA Gold labeling program, see AAMA Silver below.

AAMA Silver
A labeling program sponsored by AAMA certifying the thermal performance of windows and doors as
reported as U-Factor (or U-Value), SHGC and VT.

AAMA (American Architectural Manufacturers Association)

A national trade association that establishes voluntary standards for the window, door, storefront,
curtain wall, and skylight industries.

Accelerated Aging
A set of laboratory conditions designed to produce, in a short time, the results of normal aging. Usual
factors include temperature, light, oxygen and water.

Acetic Acid
An acid that can be corrosive to zinc, steel, and other types of aluminized panels.

Acetone
A colorless, volatile, water-soluble, flammable liquid made from either alcohol or by bacterial
fermentation of carbohydrates; used in paints and varnishes, as a general solvent, and in chemical
manufacturing.

Acid-etched glass
Satin-like, translucent glass manufactured by acid-etching one surface of the glass. > See SGG
SATINOVO.

Acoustic PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral)

A special plastic interlayer incorporated into laminated glass in order to significantly reduce noise as
well as providing safe breakage characteristics of the glass. See SGG STADIP SILENCE.

Acrylic
Thermoplastic glazing material.
A non-crystaline material with good weather resistance, shatter resistance, and optical clarity;
sometimes used for glazing.

Active
This is an operating panel (X) as viewed from exterior.

-- 1 / 64
Acute Area
The area of the windshield directly in front of the driver's eyes, beginning just above the steering
wheel. It measures approximately 8 1/2 inches high by 11 inches wide. This area is used as the
standard for the driver's critical vision area by most auto glass shops and insurance companies in the
United States.

Adhesion
The clinging or sticking together of two surfaces; the ability of an adhesive to stick to a surface.

Adhesive
Any substance that is capable of bonding other substances together by surface attachment. In an auto
glass replacement context, it is a high-strength polyurethane material, unless otherwise specified.

Adhesive Failure
Adhesive failure indicated by the material's failing (pulling loose) at the surface of the substrate. This is
similar to scotch tape peeling off a plastic substrate.

Adhesive glazing / adhesively glazed

See Structural sealant glazing.

Adjustment Clip
Hardware on hung window jambs to align jamb after window installation.

Aerodynamics
The branch of physics that deals with the motion of a solid body through air and other gases.

Aerogel
A microporous, transparent silicate foam currently under development for potential use as a glazing
cavity fill material, offering very high thermal performance.

Aging
The progressive change in the chemical and physical properties of a sealant or adhesive.

Air filled cavity

See Cavity.

Air infiltration
The amount of air leaking in and out of a building through cracks in walls, windows and doors.

Air Leakage (AL)

A measurement of how much outside air comes into a home or building through a product. AL rates
typically fall in a range between 0.1 and 0.3. The lower the AL, the better a product is at keeping air
out. AL is an optional rating. Sometimes this is also generically referred to as air.

Air Quenching
Part of the process of tempering glass, when rapid cooling occurs by blowing air onto both surfaces
uniformly and simultaneously.

Air Side
The upper surface of the glass; also referred to as score side.

Airbag
A passive restraint system that uses an explosive device to inflate a bag at a high rate of speed. The
bag inflates with a gas and then quickly deflates when a vehicle occupant is thrown into it. It is
mounted in the steering wheel on the driver's side of the vehicle and in the dashboard on the
passenger's side. There are also airbags installed for side impact collisions. Some passenger-side
airbags use the windshield to position the deploying bag.

Airspace
See Cavity.

-- 2 / 64
Airspacer
Component placed at the perimeter of an insulating glass unit to separate the two lites of glass.

Alcohol
A broad class of organic compounds. In this context they are industrial solvents that include methanol
(used in windshield washer fluid), denatured alcohol (used in glass cutting) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA,
used as a cleaning solvent).

Allen Wrench
A six-sided wrench.

Ambient Temperature
The outdoor temperature.

Amino Acid Base

A form of chemical cure method of silicone sealant.

Anneal
The controlled process for making glass stronger and less brittle in which the glass is heated and then
cooled.

Annealed glass
Standard float glass.
During the float glass manufacturing process, the hot glass is gently cooled in the "annealing lehr",
which releases any internal stresses from the glass to enable the cutting and further processing of the
glass post manufacture. (See Float glass).
A glass which is created in molten form. The process occurs in a long oven, where the glass is heated
and then slowly cooled under controlled conditions, emerging as a flat and fire polished glass
product. When annealed glass is broken, long, jagged, razor-sharp shards are produced, which can be
dangerous. Because of this, building codes in many parts of the world restrict the use of annealed
glass. Solar Innovations does not incorporate annealed glass in any of our products because of the
danger if the glass breaks.

Annealed PVC
An added process in the cellular process to aid in stability of the product.

Annealing
A process of slowly cooling hot glass to relieve internal stresses and strengthen it.
The controlled process of cooling glass after manufacturing to strengthen glass and make it less brittle.

Anodizing
The process that provides a hard, durable oxide film on the surface of aluminum by electrolytic action.
A method of coating, coloring and finishing aluminum that both protects and beautifies the aluminum.

ANSI
American National Standards Institute, a clearinghouse organization for all types of standards and
product specifications.

Antenna
A conductor that sends or receives electromagnetic waves, consisting commonly of a wire or set of
wires. In some late-model vehicles, the radio antenna is incorporated into the windshield or back glass.

Anti-Lacerative Glass
Glass that has a resilient layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) added to the inner surface. It prevents
passengers from coming into contact with broken glass edges on the inner surface in the event of a
collision.

-- 3 / 64
Anti-reflective glass
A dielectric, thin-film coating applied to an optical surface in order to reduce the optical reflectivity in a
certain wavelength range.
Surface-coated glass which minimises light reflectance and appears therefore to show virtually no
visual reflection. See SGG VISION-LITE.

Apron
Interior flat trim piece, used under the stool at the bottom of the window.

Architectural Scale
A ruler marked in scaled increments that is used to measure a scaled drawing.

Arch-top
One of several terms used for a variety of window units with one or more curved frame members,
often used over another window or door opening. Also referred to as circle-heads, circle-tops and
round-tops.

Argon
Inert gas used to fill the cavity within a low-emissivity (low-E) double-glazed unit to further improve its
thermal performance.
An inert, nontoxic gas used to increase insulation by injecting between two panes of glass.

Ariss
The small, angled edge of the glass, which can be ground or polished.

Arrissed
A basic form of edge working, by removing the sharp edges of cut panes of glass.

ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, a national association that
establishes standards for building energy performance.

Aspect ratio
The ratio of the longer side of a pane to its shorter side.

ASTM International
Formerly, the American Society for Testing and Materials, a trade association that establishes material
standards (including glass) and test methods. It has also produced a window installation standard.

Astragal
Center post between two swinging doors.

Astragal
The center member of a double door that is attached to the fixed or inactive door panel.

Auto Clave
A machine that employs high-pressure and heat. In the glass industry, it is used to create a laminated
glass product by producing a bond between glass and a PVB, urethane or other sheet interlayers.

Auto glass repair

A process that removes air from a break in laminated glass and fills it with a curable, optically matched
resin. Synonymous with windshield repair.

Awning Window
A window with the sash swinging outward from the bottom.

B pillar
A support for the roof located on either side of the vehicle, directly behind the front seat.

-- 4 / 64
Backband
The millwork around the outside edge of the window casing, usually used when the casing consists of
flat boards.

Backbedding
The process of adhering and sealing.
Material or compound used to seal the glass to a window sash.

Backer Rod
A compressible material, either open or closed cell, placed into voids between materials to insulate
and allow a backing for the application sealant.

Back-Lite
Passenger car rear window.

Back-Painted
Glass that has been painted a flat color on one side of the surface.

Balance
Mechanical device (normally spring loaded) used in single- and double-hung windows as a means of
counterbalancing the weight of the sash during opening and closing.
A mechanical device, normally spring loaded, used in hung windows to counterbalance the weight of
the sash during operation

Balance Shoe
Nylon hardware in a hung window jamb that connects the balance with the sash.

Baroque Pattern
Wire glass where the pattern is square and wires are parallel with the edges of the sheet.

Base Wall
A short wall below the glazing on exterior walls. Also see Knee Wall. (Base wall is typically completed
by another contractor.)

Basic
NO mulling, NO casing, NO nail fin/drip cap, but ready for field/shop mulling or field/shop applied
casings.

Batch
A quantity of raw materials mixed in proper proportions and prepared for fusion into glass (also called
frit).

Bay
A combination of window units that projects to the exterior. Usually features a large center unit with
two flanking units at 30 or 45 angles to the wall.
The section of a structure from one post to the next, extending from the sill to the ridge.

Bay Width
The distance from one centerline of a rafter or post to the center of another.

Bay Window
A composite of three windows, usually made up of a large center unit and two flanking units at 30 or
45 degree angles to the wall.

Bead
A sealant or adhesive compound after application in a joint, irrespective of the method of application. A
bead looks like a ribbon of adhesive rather than a round drop of adhesive.

Bead
A molding or stop placed around a window frame to hold the glass in place by pressure.
-- 5 / 64
Belt molding
A rubber molding between the inner and outer panels of a vehicle door through which the door glass is
raised and lowered.

BETEC
Building Environment and Thermal Envelope Council. Part of the National Institute of Building
Sciences, an organization representing government and industry, BETEC is involved in communicating
government policy and influencing standards development within the industry.

Beveling
Edge finishing flat glass with a beveled angle.

Bezel
A curved, tapered, decorative cover located behind the door latch or in the well of a door pull.

Bi-hinge
Windsors term for a two panel doors where both panels can open, hinged on the side, with one active
panel and one passive panel.

Billet
The cylindrical form of aluminum just prior to the extruding process.

Bit Brace
A hand tool that is used to drill holes.

Bite
Amount of adhesive overlap between the pinchweld and windshield.

Bite
A glazing term referring to the dimension of the glazing leg overlapping the edge of the glass.

Black Edge
If the backing of a mirror deteriorates, the silver turns black. This condition is known as black edge.

Block (setting)
A small piece of neoprene or other suitable material used to position the glass in the frame or opening.

BOCA
Building Officials and Code Administrators. One of the three model code groups in the U.S. now
merging to form the International Code Council.

Body Fillers
Compounds used to build up and level low areas that cannot be brought back to their original contour
by straightening.

Bond
The attachment at an interface between substrate and adhesive or sealant.

Bond Strength
The force, per unit area, necessary to rupture a bond.

Boom Trucks
A truck specialized to transport glass, up to jumbo sizes.

Boot glazed
A glazing method using a vinyl boot to surrounding the glass. Also called commercial glazing.

Bottom rail
The bottom horizontal member of a window sash or door panel.
The bottom horizontal member of a window sash or door panel.

-- 6 / 64
Bow
A combination window that projects to the exterior. Usually features four or more window units in a
radial or bow formation.

Bow Window
A composite of four or more window units in a radial or bow formation and a gently curved contour.
Bow windows project from the walls of the structure.

Box bay
A combination of window units, which projects to the exterior. Usually features a large center unit with
two flanking units at 90 angles to the wall.

Breaking Stick
A stick or other material that is used to place under the score of glass or plastics that assists in the
breaking of the material.

Breather tube
Tube placed through airspacer and seal of insulating glass that allows unit to accommodate changes
in pressure between time and location of manufacture and time and location of installation, where it is
sealed. Usually used to accommodate changes in altitude between plant and job site. Also referred to
as capillary tube.

Brickmold
A type of external casing which frames windows and doors. The brickmold covers jambs and provides
means for nailing during installation.

British Standards
Codes of Practice offering guidance and recommendations on what is considered current best
practice. Applicable to the whole of the UK and in most cases adopted by the Republic of Ireland.

BSI
The British Standards Institution.

BTU
The heat required to increase the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.

Bug
The ANSI insignia on laminated and tempered glass.

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

A 3-D, object-oriented approach to computer-aided architectural design. Enables data for
manufacturer's details to be imported right into project design, and presents 3-D models of products in
place in building. Also provides access and ability to add to detailed imagery and information to
everyone involved in the building process and building operations after project completion.

Building Regulations
Building Control legislation laid down by Acts of Parliament.

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIVP)

A term used for products, such as commercial glazing, with solar-power collection cells built in.

Bullet-Resistant Glass
Glass that consists of multiple layers of laminated glass. It is designed to resist penetration from
medium- to super-powered small arms and high-powered rifles.

Bull's Eye
Impact damage to laminated glass that is marked by a clean, separated cone in the outer layer of the
glass.

Buttering
The application of sealant to the surface of substrate before placing another substrate in position.

-- 7 / 64
Butyl
An adhesive used in earlier model vehicles for glass retention. It is a petroleum product that requires
no curing or hardening. Butyl is available in rolls of approximately 15 feet. Sometimes called Butyl
Tape Kit or Tape Kit. It is available in various thicknesses and shapes.
A synthetic rubber that can be used as a sealant and architectural glazing tape. Butyl is prepared by
co-polymerization of isobutylene with a small amount of isoprene.

Butyl Dam
Butyl Tape Kits have been used as positioning dams. Other terms for a butyl dam are: Sealant Dam,
Tape Kit. See Butyl.

Butyl Rubber
A copolymer of isobutene and isoprene. As a sealant, it has low recovery and slow cure, but good
tensile strength and elongation.

C pillar
A support for the roof located on either side of the vehicle, directly behind the rear seat. The sides of
the back glass can be bonded to the C pillar.

Caming
The metal used in the construction of decorative glass panels. Usually zinc or brass, it is also applied
to single glass lites to create a decorative glass look.

Cap Bead
A finished bead applied at the top of an installation.

Capillary tube
Tube placed through airspacer and seal of insulating glass that allows unit to accommodate changes
in pressure between time and location of manufacture and time and location of installation, where it is
sealed. Usually used to accommodate changes in altitude between plant and job site. Also referred to
as breather tube.

Capstock
A material co-extruded with PVC formulated to offer a specific color, finish and/or function, such as
heat resistance.

Carbide
A hard binary compound of carbon and a more electropositive element. Used to coat and reinforce
the tips of tools to extend the life of the tool.

Casement Window
A projecting window hinged at the sides and usually opening outward like a door.
Window with sash cranking outward, to the right or left.

Casing
Exposed moulding or profile around a window or door, on either the inside or outside, to cover the
space between the window frame or door jamb and the wall.
Molding of various widths, thickness, and shapes applied to the framework of window and door units.
Interior casing is a flat, decorative molding which covers the inside edge of the jambs and the rough
opening between the window unit and the wall. Exterior casing (or brick mold) serves the same
purpose, while it also is an installation device through which nails are driven to install the window unit
into the wall.

Catalyst
The substance added in small quantities to promote a reaction, while remaining unchanged itself.

Cathedral
The name of the texture or a type of art glass.

-- 8 / 64
Caulk
A sealant with a relatively low movement capability.

Caulking
A resilient mastic compound often having a silicone, bituminous, or rubber base; used to seal cracks,
fill joints, prevent leakage, and/or provide waterproofing.
A compound for filling joints and sealing cracks to prevent leakage of water and air.

Cavity
The cavity formed by the spacer bar between the two panes of glass in double-glazed units, is
generally filled with air. The air can be replaced with argon for example, for enhanced thermal
insulation or with sulphur hexafluoride for improved acoustic performance.

CE Marking
CE Marking means that the product complies with essential requirements of the Construction Products
Directive drawn up by the European Commission, and that the product can be used for the application
intended. To learn more about CE Marking, you can visit the GEPVP (Groupement Europen des
Producteurs de Verre Plat) Website at www.gepvp.org.

Cell Cast
A method of manufacturing plastics, where molten plastic is poured between two sheets of glass and
allowed to cure.

Cellular PVC
Extruded polyvinyl chloride material used in window and door components and trim. Unlike rigid (or
hollow) vinyl, it features a foam or cell-structure inside. It can often be nailed, sawn and fabricated like
wood.

Cellulosic composite
Generally, a material combining an organic material, such as wood fiber, extruded with a plastic.

Celuka PVC
An added process to add to the hardness of the product.

Center of Glass
All glass area of window except that within 2.5 (10 cm) from the edge of the glass; used in measuring
and calculating glazing performance, such as R-values and U-values.

Centrifugal Force
The force that tends to makes an object go outward from a center of rotation.

Ceramic frit
See Enamelled glass.
A ceramic composition fused to glass through tempering.

CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute)

A unit of measurement used in air infiltration testing. (E.g., maximum 0.10 cfm per foot of sash
perimeter)

Channel
A piece of U-shaped metal lined with felt used to reduce glass breakage and noise, and to correct
alignment of moveable glass parts.

Channel Tape
A cork and rubber composition material used to secure door glass and to fill channels.

Check rail
The bottom rail on the upper sash and the upper rail of the lower sash of a double-hung window unit,
where the lock is mounted. Also referred to as a meeting rail.

-- 9 / 64
Check Rail
On a double-hung window, the bottom rail of the upper sash and the upper rail of the lower sash
where the lock is mounted. The top rail of the lower sash and the bottom rail of the upper sash meet
when a double-hung window is closed. Both pieces should be weather stripped for maximum weather
ability.

Chemical cure
Curing by chemical reaction. This usually involves the cross-linking of a polymer.

China Markers
A wax marker used to mark glass.

Chip
Damage to the surface of the glass not associated with other types of damage. Impact damage to
laminated glass that does not penetrate the outer lite. Although glass is missing from the impact point,
there is no trapped air in the damage.

Circle Cutters
Cutters that have a vacuum base that attaches directly to the glass. The adjustable arm holds a ruler
set to the radius of the desired circle.

Circlehead
A generic term referring to any of a variety of window units with one or more curved frame members,
often used over another window or door opening.

Circle-top
One of several terms used for a variety of window units with one or more curved frame members,
often used over another window or door opening. Also referred to as arch-tops, circle-heads and
round-tops.

Cladding
Material placed on the exterior of wood frame and sash components to provide ease of maintenance.
Common cladding materials include vinyl and extruded or roll-formed aluminum.

Cladding
Material placed on the exterior of a frame and sash components.

Clear Glass
Standard transparent glass.

Clear IG
Two panes of glass sealed to form a dead air space between the two panes of glass.

Clerestory
A window in the upper part of a high-ceilinged room that admits light to the center of the room.

Clerestory
A glazed section located near the top of a high wall, often found in churches and cathedrals.

Clips
Devices which hold decorative chrome to the vehicle body, or hold moldings, and so forth.

Close-Cut or Partial-Cut Installation

An installation method that leaves most of the existing adhesive bead/bed adhered to the metal frame
and adds a small fresh bead of adhesive into which to set the glass. Some vehicle manufacturers do
not recommend this procedure.

CMR (Centerline of Meeting Rail)

A reference line used to locate integral mullions and/or size oriel (unequal) sash, e.g., the height of
the lower sash should be 22 inches from the frame sill to CMR.

-- 10 / 64
CNC Cutting Line
A process used in the manufacturing sector that involves the use of computers to control the line of
cutting and improve precision.

Coated Glass
Glass with a chemical film applied to one surface. The film can provide enhanced performance
characteristics such as privacy, solar or mirror effects.

Cohesion
The ability of a sealant or adhesive to hold itself together; the internal strength of an adhesive or
sealant.

Cohesive Failure
Adhesive failure indicated by hardened material on both substrate surfaces. The material itself failed
(the body of the adhesive or sealant pulled apart).

Cold zones
Areas in close proximity to glazing, especially single-glazing, where exchange of heat by radiation can
lead to the sensation of feeling cold or draughts.

Collection
The act of trapping solar radiation and converting it to heat.

Colour rendering
Term given to the change in appearance of the natural colour of a material/object due to the
colouration effect of light being transmitted through or reflected by the glass onto any given surface.

Combination Break
A break in a windshield involving more than two types of breaks.

Combination door
A screen or storm door used in combination with a primary door. Storm windows also are referred to
as combination windows

Combustible
Any liquid that will ignite at or above 100F, but below 200F.

Comfort Engineering
Optimizing glazing selections on a window-by-window basis to fulfill a prioritized set of objectives; e.g.,
comfort, energy efficiency (both summer and winter), UV protection, natural lighting, desired
aesthetics, views, and budget.

Compatibility
Refers to the reaction a sealant has on another sealant or on another material.

Composite
A term used for window or door components, which consist of two or more materials, such as wood
and plastic. The term also is used for windows and doors which combine two or more materials in the
frame or sash construction, such as a product with a wood interior and a vinyl or aluminum exterior.

Compress
The act of pressing together or to force into a smaller space.

Compression
Pressure exerted on a sealant in a joint.

Compression Gasket
A system that uses a soft gasket on one side of the glass and a firm, dense gasket called a wedge on
the other.

-- 11 / 64
Compression Set
Occurs when a sealant is crushed and does not return to its original dimension when the load is
removed.

Condensation
Process whereby gas or vapour turns into liquid by cooling. See Technical questions.
Water vapor from the air deposited on any cold surface, which has a temperature below the dew point.
Sometimes a problem on cold (and poorly insulated) window glass or framing that is exposed to humid
indoor air.
The conversion of water from vapor to liquid when warm, moisture-laden air comes in contact with a
cold surface.

Condensation Resistance (CR)

A measurement of how well a product resists the formation of condensation on the roomside of the
unit. CR is expressed as a number between 1 and 100. The higher the number, the better a product is
able to resist condensation. CR is an optional rating.

Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF)

A rating of a window's ability to resist condensation. The higher the CRF, the less likely condensation
is to occur.

Conduction
A process of heat transfer, whereby heat moves directly through a material by molecular agitation. The
handle of a cast-iron frying pan becomes hot due to conduction.

Conductivity
The transfer of heat through a given material; see U-value,

Containment
Glass used in guarding situations designed to withstand specified loads and prevent people from
falling.

Contaminant
A substance, liquid or solid, which is present in a break. Contaminants must be removed from a break
before a repair can begin.

Continuous Cast Plastic

A method of manufacturing plastics, where molten plastic is forced through a machine, then cooled
and dried on stainless steel rollers.

Convection
A heat transfer process involving motion in a fluid (such as air) caused by the difference in density of
the fluid and the action of gravity. Convection affects heat transfer from the glass surface to the air
within the structure and between two panes of glass.

Coolant
A liquid used to cool and lubricate glass while it is being cut or ground with a tool to prevent hot spots
or fracturing of the glass.

Corner cleaner
Machine that removes the bead of excess material formed in welding vinyl window corners.

Corrosion
The chemical reaction of air, moisture, or corrosive materials on a surface; also called oxidation. The
process of wearing away the surface of a solid.

Cosmetic Blemish
A defect in the appearance of a vehicle. Includes torn upholstery, scratched paint and resin spills.

-- 12 / 64
Cosmetic Surface
A surface that is finished or decorated to improve its appearance. Includes such things as paint, glass
and upholstery.

Cottage double-hung
A double-hung window in which the top sash is shorter than the bottom sash.

Cottage Double-Hung
A double-hung window in which the upper sash is shorter than the lower sash.

Countersink
When the top of a screw or nail is flush with or below the surrounding material

Cowl
A drain located above the firewall where the windshield wipers deposit rain water.

Cowl Panel
A decorative, porous cover mounted to the cowl that covers the lower edge of the windshield.

Crack
An extended crack in a windshield from both sides of an impact point. There are several different kinds
of cracks

Crack Length
Total outside perimeter of window sash/vent; used when defining the AAMA air infiltration rate.

Cranes
Machinery used to lift and transport glass or other materials.

Crazing
A phenomena that occurs to plastic when it is exposed to either harsh weatherization, U.V. light or
force bending beyond the recommended minimum radius.

Creep
The deformation over time of a body under constant load.

CRF (Condensation Resistance Factor)

Condensation Resistance Factor. A rating of a window's ability to resist condensation. The higher the
CRF, the less likely condensation is to occur.
An indication of a windows ability to resist condensation. The higher the CRF, the less likely
condensation is to occur. Based on AAMA standard.

Cristallo
An extremely clear glass developed by Venetian glass-makers by adding manganese (as a
decolorizer) to the batch.

Critical locations
See Safety critical locations.

Critical Path Method

A management technique that breaks complicated processes down to reveal the most direct route to
solving or reaching a pre

CRM
Customer Relationship Management, a computerized system for tracking all contacts with customers
and prospects.

Cross-Linked
Molecules that are joined side by side as well as end to end.

-- 13 / 64
Crystal
Three-dimensional building blocks that make a substance internally rigid.

Cullet
Recycled glass used in the manufacture of clear float glass.
Broken glass that helps a batch melt more easily.

Curb Appeal
The visual attractiveness of a home as seen from the street; often the first impression. Realtors see
curb appeal as an influential factor in evaluating and selling homes.

Curb
Watertight wall or frame used to raise slope glazing above the surface of the roof as a preventative
measure against water leakage from melting snow or rain runoff.

Cure
The hardening of a liquid material or adhesive by means of a chemical reaction. A process of drying
and hardening over a given period.

Cure Time
The time required for a chemical or material to dry or set at a given temperature and humidity. Cure
times vary with the type of material used and the thickness of the application.

Curing Agent
A chemical which is added to effect a cure in a polymer.

Curing by chemical reaction

This usually involves the cross-linking of a polymer.

Curtain walling
Non-load bearing, typically aluminium, faade cladding system, forming an integral part of a building's
envelope.

Curved glass
Glass, which is curved in form, produced by heating it to its softening point, so that it takes the shape
of the mould. Annealed, toughened and laminated glass is available in curved form. See SGG
CONTOUR.

Custodial Lock
Window hardware only operable with a tool or key.

Cut Sizes
Glass cut to a specific length and width.

Cut-Running Pliers
Pliers designed for use parallel to the score. The upper jaw has two projections that taper outward
from the center.

Cutting
The process of scoring glass with a tungsten carbide or other hard alloy wheel and breaking it along
the score.

Cutting Jig
A device used to standardize the cutting of similar size and length materials.

Cutting Rake
The angle and shape of the tip of a cutting tool, such as a drill bit or a saw blade.

-- 14 / 64
Cylinder
Subassemblies for a door lock containing a cylinder plug with keyway and a cylinder body with tumbler
mechanisms.

Cylinder Glass
Molten glass blown into a cylinder and cut apart, then reheated and flattened.

Dade County
Florida County, including Miami, which has set numerous standards and requirements for hurricane-
resistant windows and doors.
County in Florida, including Miami, that has set numerous standards and requirements for hurricane-
resistant windows and doors.

Dam
A device having a two-fold purpose. 1. A dam cushions and separates the glass from the metal frame
where the glass adheres. 2. A dam holds the liquid adhesive and prevents it from flowing into the
interior of the vehicle.

Damage
A break in laminated glass. Same as break and crack.

Dauber
A disposable cotton applicator for applying primers and preps to the metal and glass bonding surfaces.

Daylight opening
The amount of visual area seen through a piece of glass.

Daylight Transmittance
The percentage of visible light that glazing transmits through a window; a standard clear dual pane has
a daylight transmittance of 82%.

Debridge
The process of cutting away the metal on the bottom of an aluminum thermal break cavity once the
two-part polyurethane has reached full strength, thus creating a thermally-broken extrusion.

Decibel (dB)
Abbreviation of decibel, the unit of measurement of sound.

Decorative Glass
Art glass; cathedral, stained, or patterned glass.

De-lamination
The failure of the bond between layers, as when windshield glass separates from the laminate, or
when paint peels from the substrate.

Demand Flow Technology (DFT)

An approach to analyzing and optimizing production lines.

Denatured Alcohol
Alcohol to which an unwholesome substance has been added to make it unfit for drinking. The
denaturing substance does not affect the alcohol's usefulness for other purposes.

Density
The mass per unit volume of a substance under conditions of pressure and temperature.

-- 15 / 64
Desiccant
An extremely porous crystalline substance used to absorb moisture from within the sealed air space of
an insulating glass unit.
A material used to absorb moisture from within the sealed airspace of an insulating glass unit.
A porous, crystalline substance used to absorb moisture and/or sealant solvents from within the
sealed air space of an insulating glass unit.

Design pressure (DP)

A measurement of the structural performance of a window or door. Usually specified as one-and-half
times greater than necessary based on expected building wind and weather conditions.
The project wind load to be determined by the architect and expressed in psf, e.g., the project design
load shall be 38.7 psf, both positive and negative.

Designation Number
Prescribed by AAMA; One for each window style. It provides a code for architectural selection, e.g.,
TR-5000=DH-C45=Double Hung-Commercial Grade-45 psf Design Pressure.

Dew Point
The temperature at which water vapor will condense as warm, moist air is cooled.

Diamond Cutters
Specially shaped diamond to score glass.

Die
A perforated steel block through which aluminum or vinyl is extruded.

Digital Volt-Ohmmeter (DVOM)

A high-impedance instrument used to test electronic systems.

Ding
A non-technical term often used by the public to refer to a stone damage to a windshield or laminated
glass.

Direct Gain
A direct gain passive solar system utilizes south-facing windows to give a structure the most sun
exposure ; a large window area accepts direct sunlight while thermal mass serves as storage.

Direct glaze
A method of glazing a piece of glass direct to a frame using a stop glazed method. This method is
commonly used in Direct Sets and Radius units; NO sash involved.

Direct set
A geometric shape that incorporates all straight legs.

Divided lites
Separately framed pieces or panes of glass. A double-hung window, for instance, often has several
lites divided by muntins in each sash. These designs are often referred to as six-over-six, eight-over-
one, etc., to indicate the number of lites in each sash. Designs simulating the appearance of
separately-framed panes of glass are often referred to as SDLs or simulated divided lites. Designs
using actual separate pieces of glass are sometimes referred to as TDLs or true divided lites.

Division Bar
A vertical run channel located between the door window and vent glass.

Document L / Part L
Approved Document L of the Building Regulations for England and Wales relates to the conservation
of fuel and power.

Dolly
Wheeled cart used to transport glass or other materials.
-- 16 / 64
Door Panel
A decorative panel used to cover the interior panel of the doorframe.

Doorframe
A vehicle part containing an exterior and interior panel that houses the door window and the
mechanism used to operate that window.

Dormer
An area which protrudes from the roof of a house, generally featuring one or more windows.

Double glazing
Glazing comprising two panes of glass for acoustic or thermal insulation.
Use of two panes of glass in a window to increase energy efficiency and provide other performance
benefits. May or may not refer to an insulating glass unit.

Double Glazing Panel (DGP)

A removable interior glass panel which creates an air space between the exterior glazing and itself. It
provides improved insulation and condensation control and allows for between-glass shading options,
such as muntins, blinds, and pleated shades.

Double Glazing
Use of two panes of glass in a window to increase energy efficiency and provide other performance
benefits.

Double hung
Window featuring two operable sash which move vertically in the frame.

Double Seal Units

Insulating glass with two materials used to form the seal of the glass.

Double Strength Glass

(DSG) 1/8 thickness.

Double-glazed unit
Two panes of glass, separated by a cavity and hermetically sealed in a factory, to provide thermal
insulation.

Double-Hung Window
Window featuring two operable sash that move vertically in the frame.

Double-Hung Window
A window unit with two operable sashes that vertically bypass each other in a single frame. Sashes
typically fit within vinyl balances and tilt outward. They can be removed for safe, easy cleaning.

Double-strength glass
Glass between 0.115 and 0.133 inches thick.

Drag Coefficient
The mathematical expression of the retarding force exerted by air upon a body.

Drilling
The use of a drill to gain access to a tight break.
Cut notches, make holes or shapes in glass, usually done with a CNC computer to automate the
process.

Drip cap
Moulding placed on top of the header brickmould or casing of a window frame.

Drop-Jaw Glass Pliers

Pliers used for breaking glass. They have a flat upper jaw and humped lower jaw.

-- 17 / 64
Dry Fit
Process in which a technician sets the glass in the vehicle glass opening before applying adhesive or
primer. The process is used to position the glass and mark the position with alignment markings or
tape.

Dry Glazing
A method of securing glass in a frame by use of a dry, preformed, resilient gasket without the use of a
compound.

Dry Glazing
A method of securing glass in a window frame with a dry, preformed, resilient gasket, without the use
of a glazing compound.

Dual Durometer Bead

A vinyl bead with a softer flap against the glass and a harder section inserted into a sash member.

Dual Durometer
A material that has two or more levels of flexibility.

Dual Glazed
Two single lites glazed into a split sash with an airspace, not hermetically sealed, between the two
single lites.

Dual Low-E
A glazing option which combines Cardinal LoE 366 soft coat on the inside surface of the exterior pane
with Pilkington Energy AdvantageTM Low-E hard coat on the inside surface of the interior pane. The
Pilkington Energy AdvantageTM Low-E hard coat is a very thin pyrolitic coating that is integral to the
interior glass surface. This hard, durable, low emissivity coating gives the product improved thermal
insulation performance compared to clear insulated glass or standard Low-E insulated glass.

Dual Pane
Two panes of glass with a single airspace, held together by an edge spacer; the most economical
Insulated glazing unit (IGU).

Dual Window
Two windows joined together, one in front of the other, to provide superior sound control.

Durometer
A blunt probe used to penetrate sealants; measures the hardness from 0 to 100.

E
Ability of a glazed material to prevent the spreading of flames or hot gases (integrity).

E, EI, EW
Symbols which, combined with a period of time, define the classifications for fire resistance.

Eave
The area of a structure where the front wall meets the roof.

Eave Height
The vertical dimension that spans from finishedfloor to the eave.

Edge clearance
The distance between the edge of the glass and rebate.

Edge cover
The distance of the edge of the glass and sight line.

-- 18 / 64
Edge crack
Any crack on the windshield that that extends to an edge. See Crack.
Any crack on the windshield that extends to an edge.

Edge effect
Heat transfer at the edge of an insulating glass unit due to the thermal properties of spacers and
sealants.

Edge of Glass
The glass area within 2 inches (10cm) of the edge of a window.

Edge Polishing
To machine the edge of the glass to produce a high polish with a flat edge and two arisses.

Edge seal
See Dual sealed system.

Edging
Machine grinding the edges of glass to a desired shape.

Effective U-value
See "Energy balance".

Egress
A path or means of going out of a building or structure, exit.

Egress window
A window with specific release hardware and minimum clear opening size to allow occupants to
escape through the window in case of a fire.
Window designed to be large enough for a firefighter to climb in or a person to climb out in an
emergency. U.S. building codes require each bedroom of a home to have an emergency exit window,
with minimum sizes specified. Generally requires 20" width and 24" height opening and 5.7 sq. ft.
opening.

EI
Ability of a glazed material to limit heat transfer to the unexposed surface (integrity and insulation).

Elasticity
The ability of a material to return to its original shape after removal of a load.

Elastomer
A rubbery material which returns to approximately its original dimensions in a short time after a
relatively large amount of deformation.

Electro-Chromatic Mirror
An interior rearview mirror that senses the glare in oncoming light and automatically dims the vehicles
high-beam headlights.

Electrochromic glazing
Glass or other glazing material that can be switched from clear to opaque electronically.

Electrostatic
A painting process, by which the aluminum is grounded and the paint carries a positive electric
current. This creates a magnetic attraction between the paint and the aluminum, allowing for uniform
paint coverage on all exposed extrusion surfaces.

Elliptical
A double radius unit with tight radius on the end and a flowing/low arc radius on top with the height
less than half the width.

-- 19 / 64
Elongation
A property of urethane adhesive: An increase in length expressed numerically as a fraction or
percentage of initial length.

Emery
A granular mineral substance used for grinding and polishing glass.

Emissivity
Emissivity is a surface characteristic of a material. It is the relative ability of a surface to absorb and
emit energy in the form of radiation. Low-emissivity (Low-E) coatings reduce the normally relatively
high surface emissivity of the glass. The coatings are mainly transparent over the visible wavelengths
but reflect long wave infra-red radiation towards the interior of the building.

Emissivity
Emission or the ability to radiate heat in the form of long-wave radiation.

EN
European Norms or standards, which are gradually harmonising with and superseding British
Standards.

Enamelled glass
One face of the glass is enamelled, by applying a ceramic frit that is then fired into the surface of the
glass at high temperature. Depending on the cooling regime employed, this then results in either a
heat-strengthened or thermally toughened glass. See SGG EMALIT EVOLUTION.

Encapsulated Glass
A type of auto glass fabrication. Pre-assembled parts that contain hardware (moldings, fasteners,
clips, or gaskets). Glass with a decorative molding around all or part of the perimeter. The
encapsulation can also act as a channel guide. The molding (encapsulation) is actually part of the
glass and can be removed only by cutting it off the glass.

End Dam
Used to close the ends of a subsill and prevent water leakage. It makes the subsill a complete water
trough, allowing it to collect excess water and drain it to the exterior.

Energy Absorptance (A)

The percentage of solar radiant heat energy absorbed and re-emitted externally and internally by the
glass.

Energy balance
The difference between the amount of heat gain and heat loss through glazing. Also known as the
"Effective U-value".

Energy Reflectance (RE)

The percentage of solar radiant heat energy reflected by glazing.

Energy Star
A program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy which establishes minimum performance
standards for windows to be recognized as energy efficient. Three different sets of standards for U-
value and solar heat gain have been established for three different climate zones in the U.S.

Energy Transmittance (T)

Percentage of solar energy flow transmitted directly through the glass.

Enhanced thermal insulation

Conventional double glazing provides thermal insulation. Double glazing comprising a low-emissivity
glass provides enhanced thermal insulation. See SGG PLANITHERM.

EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer)

A weather resistant synthetic rubber used to make flexible gaskets for windows.

-- 20 / 64
ER Rating
Energy Rating number developed by CSA (Canadian Standards Association) to compare the thermal
performance of windows. Measured in watts per square meter (W/m2).

ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning, a computerized system that is used to manage all aspects of a
companies operation.

Escutcheon Plate
Hardware for handles, etc.

Etch
To alter the surface of glass with hydrofluoric acid or other caustic agents. Unintentional permanent
etching of glass may occur from alkali and other runoff from surrounding building materials.

EuroWmdoor
A consortium of European window, door, and curtainwall industry associations involved in the
development of common EU standards.

EW
Ability of a glazed material to

Expansion Mullion
Self-mulling window frame jambs that, when slipped together, permit expansion/contraction while
preserving strength and water tightness.

Expansive Cement
An adhesive used to anchor glass railings into a base.

Extended quarter
Height greater than the width.

Extensibility
The ability of a sealant to stretch under tensile load.

Extension jamb
A board or trim component that extends from the interior of the window frame to the interior wall. It is
used to increase the depth of the jambs of a window to fit a wall of any given thickness.
A trim component which extends from the interior of the window frame to the interior wall.
Flat wood parts which are nailed to the interior edges of the window jamb to extend it in width and
adapt to a thicker wall. The inside edge of extension jambs should be flush with the finished wall
surface. Interior casing is then nailed into it.

Exterior Glazed
Glass glazed from the exterior of the building.

Extrude
The process of shaping aluminum or vinyl by forcing it through a die.

Extruded aluminum
A heavier, thicker aluminum product used to clad the exterior of wood windows & doors.

Extruded Plastics
A method of manufacturing plastics where molten plastic is pulled through a machine called an
extruder.

-- 21 / 64
Extrusion
The process, in which a heated material is forced through a die, used to produce aluminum, vinyl
(PYC), and other profiles or components used in the production of windows and doors. Term also is
used to refer to the profiles or lineals manufactured by this process and used to make window and
door components.
The process, in which a heated material is forced through a die, used to produce aluminum, vinyl
(PVC) and other profiles or components used in the production of windows and doors. Term also is
used to refer to the profiles or lineals manufactured by this process and used to make window and
door components.

Extrusion Failure
The failure which occurs when a sealant is forced too far out of the joint.

Fabrication
Manufacturing process in which an item is made (fabricated) from raw or semi-finished materials
instead of being assembled from scratch.

Faade
The front or face of a building.

Face
The term used to describe the surfaces of the glass in numerical order from the exterior to the interior.
The exterior surface is always referred to as face 1. For a double-glazed unit, the surface of the outer
pane facing into the cavity is face 2, the surface of the inner pane facing into the cavity is face 3 and
the internal surface of the inner pane is face 4.

Face clearance
The distance between the face of the glass, the rebate up stand and up stand face of a bead. Also
known as front clearance and back clearance.

Fanlight
A half-circle window over a door or window with radiating bars.

Fast Cure Urethane

A faster hardening adhesive. The term "fast" is relative to the surrounding temperature and humidity.
Curing time is faster than for normal adhesives.

Fastener
An item that attaches one item to another such as a screw, bolt or rivet.

Fatigue Failure
The failure of a material due to rapid cyclic deformation.

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS)

A series of standards required of the automobile manufacturers by the Federal Government. All new
vehicle models must meet these standards before they are allowed to be sold in the United States.

Fenestration
Originally, an architectural term for the arrangement of windows, doors and other glazed areas in a
wall. Has evolved to become a standard industry term for windows, doors, skylights and other glazed
building openings. From the Latin word, "fenestra," meaning window.
The arrangement and design of openings in a building for the admission of light.

FENSA
The Fenestration Self-Assessment Scheme, set up by the Glass and Glazing Federation (GGF), at the
request of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister in response to the current Building Regulations for
England and Wales. See Document L.

FFL
Abbreviation for finished floor level.

-- 22 / 64
Fiber Paddle
A tool with a tapered end made of plastic or fiberglass. It is used to loosen the bond between and to
install a windshield into a gasket. It is one of the most commonly-used tools in gasket installations
because it does not scratch paint and glass. Also called a fiber stick, bone, spoon and slip stick.

Figured Glass
See Pattern Glass.

Filler
Finely ground material added to a sealant or adhesive to change or improve certain properties.

Filler Strip
A strip inserted into a rubber gasket after the glass is installed, forcing the gasket against the glass to
form a seal and improve the grip. It is sometimes called locking a bead or spline.

Fin
A vertical support made entirely of glass between two abutting glass panes. Also sometimes known as
a glass mullion.

Fin Seal
A form of pile weatherstrip with a plastic mylar fin centered in the pile. This fin reduces air infiltration
and ensures weatherstrip contact throughout the windows life.

Finger-joint
A toothed joint used to combine two pieces of wood end-to-end.

Finger-Jointing
A means of forming a single longer piece of wood by joining smaller individual pieces together.. The
ends of the pieces are machined to form a set of interlocking fingers, which are then coated with
adhesive and meshed together under pressure.

Fire Protection Rating

The duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test,
such as 60 minutes, 90 minutes, etc.

Fire resistance / fire-resisting

A material that prevents or hinders the passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames under
conditions of use.
The ability of a building material to provide an effective barrier against the passage of flames, smoke
and toxic gases and / or to reduce the transmittance of radiated heat. See SGG CONTRAFLAM, SGG
CONTRAFLAM LITE, SGG SWISS-FLAM, SGG SWISSFLAM LITE.

Fire Windows
Fire endurance-rated glazing material.

Fire-Rated
A label given to a material after it has passed specific fire

Fixed lite
Non-venting or non-operable window.

Fixed panel
Non-operable door usually combined with operable door unit.

Fixed Window
Non-operable window

Flameproof
Product which meets the two fire resistance criteria E and W: flameproof and impervious to hot toxic
gases or flammable materials. See SGG PYROSWISS, SGG VETROFLAM.

-- 23 / 64
Flammable
A volatile liquid or gas which has a flash point of 100F or 38C. "Flammable" is synonymous with
"inflammable."

Flange Frame
A window frame with the head, jamb, and sill exterior perimeter leg longer than the interior perimeter
leg.

Flanges
Aluminum edges used to attach fenestrations to a structure.

Flare-Jaw Pliers
Glass pliers that have identical upper and lower jaws, but which widen along their length.

Flash Point
Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite when
heated.

Flashing
A thin strip of metal or other material that diverts water away from a window, door or skylight.
Metal used to prevent water penetration and/or provide water drainage, especially between a roof and
wall, and over exterior door openings and windows.

Flat Glass
A general term to describe float glass or sheet glass.

Flexing
A method of gaining access to a tight break by flexing the glass back and forth, either with a tool or by
hand.

Float glass
Transparent glass with flat, parallel surfaces formed on the surface of a pool of molten tin.
Glass produced by a process in which the ribbon is floated across a bath of molten tin. The vast
majority of flat glass is now produced using this method. The terms "plate" glass and "sheet" glass
refer to older manufacturing methods still in limited use.
High quality, transparent flat glass manufactured by means of the float tank procedure that is floating
molten glass on a "tin-bath" at extremely high temperature. See SGG PLANICLEAR

Float Glass Process

A commercial method of manufacturing glass in which molten glass is fed into a float bath of molten
tin.

Floating crack
Any crack on the windshield that does not extend to an edge.
Any crack on the windshield that does not extend to an edge. See Crack.

Flooring
Slip resistant glass that has a rubber-like patterned texture on one side.

Flowering
A flower-petal effect around the outer edge of a repair. This is caused by the laminate detaching from
the outer layer of glass.

Flush door
Door produced using two skins or faces separated by a stile-and-rail frame construction at the
perimeter. Flush doors may be produced with a hollow core or solid core.
Door produced using two skins or faces separated by a stile-and-rail frame construction at the
perimeter. Flush doors may be produced with a hollow core or solid core.

-- 24 / 64
Foam Spacer
Foam material placed in the airspace of the insulating glass windows to enhance the appearance and
improve the performance of the window.

Fogging
A deposit or film left on an interior surface of a sealed insulating glass unit due to extreme conditions
or failed seals.

Foundation
The wall that supports the structure of a building. Can consist of poured concrete, block, stone, or
break.

Frame size
The actual box size of the unit, outside to outside dimensions (not including brick mould). This is an
important dimension used with special size Windsor wood windows.

Frame
Outside members of a window unit which enclose the sashes; Composed of side jambs, head jamb,
and sill.

Free path
Referred to in BS 6180: 1999 relating to guarding and balustrading. It is the unhindered distance a
body can travel in a direction perpendicular to the surface of a barrier.

Free standing barrier

A structural barrier where the glass is fixed to the structure, either adhesively or by clamping, along its
bottom edge and has a continuous handrail attached to the top edge. The glass is designed to
withstand all the imposed design loads and there are no balusters.

French door
Generally refers to a pair of hinged doors which open from the middle. Also incorporates wider stile
and rail components around the glass than typical glazed doors.

French slider
Sliding patio door using wider stiles and rails to replicate a French door look.

French Sliding Door

A sliding door which has wider panel members around the glass, giving the appearance of a French
hinged door.

Frequency
The rate of vibration of sound waves per second, measured in Hertz.

Friction-weld
A process that uses high-speed vibrations to join materials together.

Frit
The painted band around the perimeter of auto glass parts.

Front Wall
Wall of a structure running the length of a building between the two gable ends.

Full height barrier

Where glass forms part or whole of a wall element it is classed as a full height barrier if any part of the
glass is below the minimum barrier height, which is usually taken to be 800mm from finished floor level.

Full Round
A circle unit with width and height equal.

-- 25 / 64
Full Strip Installation
An installation method whereby the technician removes the existing bed/bead of adhesive from the
vehicle frame. Approximately 1-2 mm of old adhesive remains. The technician applies new/fresh
adhesive on top, then sets the glass into the fresh adhesive.

Fusing
The fusion of different coloured glasses at high temperature to attain a collage-effect in glass. See
SGG SAINT-JUST and SGG CREA-LITE.

Fusion-weld
A term used for a type of corner construction, used with vinyl and other types of windows and doors,
in which a small amount of material on the ends of two pieces are melted or softened, then pushed
together to form a single piece. This also is referred to simply as a welded corner.

Gable End
A wall of a structure with a gable at its end.

Gable
A vertical surface commonly situated at the end of a building, usually adjoining a pitched roof.

Garnish moldings
The interior decorative moldings around the perimeter of glass parts.

Gas-filled Glass
A gas, other than air, placed between insulated glass to reduce the U-factor by suppressing
conduction and convection. (Usually Argon, Krypton, or Carbon Dioxide.)

Gasket
Pre-formed glazing materials used for bedding or securing glass and to separate the glass from the
frame or fixings.
A seal, usually of rubber, that holds a piece of auto glass to the vehicle body. There are various sizes
and shapes of glass-part gaskets, depending on vehicle design.

Gasket
A rubber or plastic pliable material used to separate glazed glass and aluminum or vinyl.

General Conditions
The main provisions or qualifications to be followed, usually standardized, set forth between two
parties in a contract.

Glass
A hard, brittle substance, typically transparent or translucent, made by fusing sand with soda, lime,
and sometimes other ingredients and cooling rapidly.

Glass Blowing
The art of shaping a mass of glass that has been softened by heat by blowing air into it through a tube.

Glass Entrances
Entrance ways of any size for any building.

Glass size
The actual glass size of a unit. This is a common callout for most standard size Windsor wood
products (except doors).

Glass Washing Machines

Used to clean glass before tempering or final inspection.

-- 26 / 64
Glazing
Glass (and other materials) in a window or door. Also, the act or process of fitting a unit with glass.
The glass or polycarbonate panes in a structure. Also the act of installing panels of glass in a structure.
The securing of glass into prepared openings. It also refers to the collective elements of a building
comprising glass, frame and fixings.

Glazing bead
See Bead.

Glazing Bead
A molding or stop around a window frame that applies pressure to the glass to hold it in place. A vinyl
or wood strip, applied around the perimeter of the glass on the exterior of the window sash, for holding
the glass in place.

Glazing Compounds
A soft dough-like material used for filling and sealing the space between a pane of glass and its
surrounding frame.

Glazing materials
The materials required for the glazing of glass products such as glazing compounds, tapes, sealants
and gaskets.

Glazing stop
A component of the sash or door panel which holds the glass in place.
The part of the sash or door panel which holds the glass in place.

Glider
A window with a movable sash that slides horizontally Also referred to as a horizontal sliding window.

Glycerin
A lubricant used to preserve and maintain rubber.

Gothic
A radius unit that generally comes to a point at the top. A grille design that has a radius look without
making a full circle.

Green Building
A movement in architectural and building circles aimed at creating structures that are occupant and
environmentally friendly. Criteria such as sustainability, energy efficiency and healthfulness are
considered.

Green Building
A movement in architectural and building circles aimed at creating occupant and environmentally
friendly structures. Criteria such as sustainability, energy efficiency, and healthfulness are considered.

Green Strength
A term used by some adhesive manufacturers to describe initial strength of an adhesive.

Greenhouse Effect
The property of glass that permits the transmission of short-wave solar radiation but is opaque to long-
wave thermal radiation. The interior of a car heating up direct sun illustrates the greenhouse effect.

Grille
A term referring to window pane dividers or muntins. It may be a type of assembly fitted to the interior
of the window or door unit which can be detached for cleaning. Also can be fitted inside the sealed
insulating glass unit, when it also is referred to as a grid.

Grille
A term referring to windowpane dividers or muntins; typically detachable for cleaning

-- 27 / 64
Grit
The amount of tiny abrasive material contained within a given area of an abrasive material.

Grommet
A ring or eyelet. In electricity, an insulated washer of rubber or plastic inserted in a hole in a metal part
to prevent grounding of a wire passing through the hole.

Guarding
The prevention of people falling wherever there is a change in floor level by means of a permanent
barrier.

Gun-Grade (gunnable sealant)

Sealant that is meant to be applied with a caulking gun.

Gusset
A concealed, strong, right-angled shape used to reinforce mitered corners in tubular aluminum
extrusions.

g-value (g)
Abbreviation or symbol for Solar factor according to EN 410, formerly abbreviated to SF or TT.

Half Moon
Damage to a windshield that has a half-circle separation around the impact point. It is similar to a bull's
eye.

Half round
A stock or special round unit. This unit height is half the width.

Hallmark
A window and door certification program sponsored by WDMA.

Hand Seamer
A hand tool used to seam the edge of glass and plastic.

Handing and Hinging

Always viewed from exterior

Hard-coat glass
A glass product that is coated during the manufacturing process at the molten glass stage. Also
known as a pyrolytic coating, this type of coating offers a surface that is generally as durable as an
ordinary glass surface, and therefore requires no special handling and does not need to be used in an
insulating glass unit. The other type of glass coating is a sputter-coat, which is applied in a secondary
process. Sometimes referred to as a soft-coat, these types of coatings generally require some
additional care in handling and fabrication and must be used within an insulating glass unit.

Hardware
Hardware used for hinges, rails, shower enclosures or doors to attach or allow access.

Hazardous Materials
Materials deemed to be of danger or risk to humans, animals or the environment.

HAZCOM
Hazardous Communications, a document required by OSHA that contains a company's policies and
procedures and procedures for handling and disposing of hazardous materials.

Head
Main horizontal frame member at the top of a window or door.

Head Board
A flat board, cut to fit the contour of a bow or bay window that is installed between the head jambs and
the wall to finish off the area. Finishes the area that would normally be ceiling.
-- 28 / 64
Head Expander
A u-shaped extrusion slipped over the frame head that closes the gap above the window when pushed
up after window installation.

Header
Horizontal framing member placed over the rough opening of a window or door to prevent the weight
of wall or roof from resting on the frame. Also known as a lintel.

Header
A heavy beam extended across the top of the rough opening to prevent the weight of a wall or roof
from resting on the frame.

Headliner
The fabric which lines the roof of a vehicle's passenger compartment.

Heat Absorbing
Glass that can absorb heat or solar energy.

Heat Fusion
Welding method to join PVC frame and/or sash members by heating the cut-ends, squeezing them
together, and allowing the assembly to cool.

Heat gain
The transfer of heat from outside to inside by means of conduction, convection and radiation through
all surfaces of a house.

Heat loss
The transfer of heat from inside to outside by means of conduction, convection and radiation through
all surfaces of a house.

Heat Resisting
Glass that is heat-treated or leached to remove alkali so that it withstands high heat and sudden
cooling without shattering.

Heat Strengthened Glass

Similar to tempered glass, it is made by heating annealed glass uniformly and then culling it more
slowly than tempered glass.
Glass that has been processed through a tempering furnace to alter its strength characteristics;
usually flat or bent glass that has been heat-treated to have a surface compression between 3,500
and 7,500 psi (24 to 52 MPa), typically 2X stronger than annealed glass.

Heat Treating
The process where glass or aluminum extrusions are heated and cooled to become harder and
stronger.

Heated Urethane
A type of adhesive that is heated to a prescribed temperature before application. The heat "pre-cures"
the adhesive for faster setting.

Heat-formed glass
Glass, which is heat-formed at a very high temperature, see fusing. See SGG CREA-LITE and SGG
SAINT-JUST.

-- 29 / 64
Heat-strengthened glass
Glass which has been heat-treated in order to increase its mechanical strength and resistance to
thermal breakage. It has fracture characteristics similar to that of ordinary annealed glass and is not
classed as a safety glass to BS 6206. See SGG PLANIDUR.
Produced by heating the glass to temperatures approaching 1300 F, then rapidly cooling it with air,
similar to tempered glazing. The glass results in a thermally-strengthened glass that is approximately
two times stronger than a piece of annealed glass. Heat-strengthened glass benefits from reduced
breakage from thermal and bending stress, which allows the use of larger pieces that do not require
increased thickness.

Heat-treated / heat treatment

A generic term for glass that has been heat-strengthened or thermally toughened in order to increase
its mechanical strength and resistance to thermal breakage. See SGG SECURIT and SGG
SECURIPOINT

Hermetically Sealed Unit

An insulating glass unit that is sealed against moisture. The unit is comprised of two lites of glass that
are separated by a roll-formed metal spacer tube (at the full perimeter), which contains a moisture
and/or solvent absorbing material. The unit is then completely sealed, creating a moisture free air
space.

Hollow Extrusion
An extrusion having an enclosed cavity within it.

Hollow-core door
Flush door constructed with two skins or door faces separated by stiles and rails at the perimeter.
Generally, a honeycomb type support is used inside the door between the two faces.

Hone Angle
An important characteristic of a cutting wheel that determines the sharpness of the wheel.

Hook Tool
A tool designed for use in installing a glass part into a gasket. Sometimes known as a cotter pin puller.

Hopper
Window with sash that swings inward from the top.
A window unit in which the top of the sash swings inward.

Horizontal line load

A linear uniformly distributed load applied horizontally at a given height above finished floor level (e. g.
1100mm). Most often associated with balustrade and guarding applications.

Horizontal slider
A window with a movable sash that slides horizontally. Also referred to as a gliding window.

Horizontal Tempering
The tempering process where the glass travels through the oven in a horizontal plain.

Hot Melt Butyl

An insulating glass edge sealant used during manufacturing.

HST
Abbreviation for heat soak test. This is an additional form of heat-treatment, which is carried out after
the thermal toughening process in order to reduce the risk of spontaneous breakage of toughened
glass in service due to "nickel sulphide inclusions". See SGG SECURIT / SGG SECURIPOINT

-- 30 / 64
Hurricane Impact Resistant Glazing
Used in coastal regions that are subjected to hurricane winds and flying debris. Specially designed,
laminated glass products can fulfill these requirements: the multiple layers of glass may break from an
impact, but the plastic interlayer and the structural bonding of the glass to the window frame allows the
panel to remain in place, protecting the interior of the building. The test method for compliance
involves impacting the window in multiple locations and then subjecting the assembly to cycles of
positive and negative pressures to replicate the exposure seen during a hurricane.

IBC
International Building Code. Published by the International Code Council, the IBC primarily covers
nonresidential construction.

ICBO
International Council of Building Officials. One of the three model code groups in the U.S. now
merging to form the International Code Council.

ICC (International Code Council)

A national organization that publishes model codes for adoption by states and other agencies. Codes
include the International Building Code (IBC) and the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC).

Idler guide
Device used to secure moveable windows.

Idler Guides
Devices used to secure rollable windows.

IECC
International Energy Conservation Code. Published by the International Code Council, the IEEC sets
forth compliance methods for energy-efficient construction of both residential and nonresidential
construction.

IG Units
Common name for insulating glass units.

IGCC (Insulating Glass Certification Council)

Directs a certifications program of periodic, accelerated laboratory testing and unannounced plant
inspections to ensure sealed, insulating glass performance is in conformance with ASTM E 774-88.

Impact
This is the most common break. It occurs when an object hits the windshield.

Impact performance / resistance

When related to safety glazing this is the classification of safety glass when tested to BS 6206.

Impact Point
Actual location on the glass that was struck by an objectusually a stoneresulting in damage.
Typically a small piece of glass is missing.

Impact-Resistant
Term used to describe window and door products that have passed established tests for resistance to
windborne debris. Such products are typically used in coastal areas that are prone to hurricanes.

Impact-resistant
Term used to describe window and door products that have passed established tests for resistance to
wind-borne debris. Such products are typically used in coastal areas that are prone to hurricanes.

Inactive
This is a fixed panel (O) as viewed from exterior

Inclined glazing
Glazing that is inclined at an angle between horizontal and 75 from horizontal.

-- 31 / 64
Infill panel
The term applied to the glass panel underneath the handrail in a barrier that provides containment, but
no structural support to the main frame of the barrier.

Infiltration
The seepage or flow of air into a room or space through cracks around windows, under doors, etc.

Infrared
Part of the light spectrum; infrared rays that cause heat.

Inner bar (simulated spacer channel)

The spacer bar between the glass in a Windsorlite unit (this is not grille between the glass).

Inner grille
Windsors term for GBG, or grille between the glass.

Inner pane
The pane of a double-glazed unit which faces the interior of a building.

In-sash
Meaning that the glass is glazed in a sash before being installed in a frame.

Inside Snap Trim

Used in retrofit work to cover the inside gap between the new window and the existing opening.

Insolation
Incident solar radiation; the total radiation striking an exposed surface.

Insulating glass (IG)

IG glass is made up of two discrete pieces of glass with an airspace interlayer. The added insulation
will isolate the room from the outdoor temperatures. Insulating values can be improved by adding a
Low-E coating or inert gas fills, such as argon. Variations, such as heat-treated and laminated glass,
can be incorporated where additional strength and security may be desired. The thickness of the glass
used will depend on window size and building design requirements (e.g. windload). Solar Innovations
standard glazing thickness for insulated glass is 1.
Fire - resisting glass fulfilling the criterion of E (integrity) and I (insulation).
Two or more lites of glass with a hermetically-sealed airspace between the lites. The sealed space
may contain air or be filled with an inert gas, such as argon.

Insulating unit
See Double-glazed Unit.

Insulating Value
See U-factor.

Insulation
A material with high resistance (high R-value or low U-value) that is used to retard heat flow. Air,
Argon, or Krypton gas spaces between panes of glass provide insulation in IGUs.

Inswing
Panels swing to the interior as viewed from exterior.

Integral Mullion
A frame member trapped within the master frame to separate vents or fixed glass.

Integrated sash
A sash unit in which the insulating glass spacer profiles are integrated into the sash profiles. Separate
IG construction is eliminated as the two lites of glass are applied and sealed directly to the sash,
creating one assembly.

-- 32 / 64
Integrity
The ability of glazing to remain complete and to continue to provide an effective barrier to flames for
example.

Interior Glazed
Glass glazed from the interior of the building.

Interlayer
The term applied to the material used in laminated glass to bond the glass leaves together. It can be
either PVB, cast-in-place resin or intumescent.

Interlock
A design feature which enables sashes to engage with one another when closed.

Internal Gain
The heat produced in the interior of a dwelling from the operation of lights, appliances, etc.

Intumescent
The property of materials that swell and char when exposed to fire.

IRC
International Residential Code. Published by the International Code Council, the IRC primarily covers
low-rise residential construction.

Jack Stud
Vertical framing members, generally 24s, which form the inside of the window or door rough
opening. They support the header and run down to the sole plate.

Jalousie
Window made up of horizontally mounted glass louvers or slats that abut each other tightly when
closed and rotate outward when cranked open.

Jamb
Main vertical members forming the sides of a window or door frame, also refers to the horizontal
member at the top of the window frame, as in head jamb and side jamb.

Jamb depth
Width of a window or door from the interior to the exterior of the frame to meet construction all
thickness.

Jamb Liner
The track installed inside the jambs of a double-hung window, on which the window sash slide.
The tracker installed inside the jambs of a modern double hung window, on which the window sashes
slide. Vinyl or metal covering applied to the side jambs of double hung and single hung windows. They
are generally formed to include an integral balance system and stops for the exterior and interior
surfaces of the sash.

J-channel
Installed or built-in to the side of a window or door, this channel is designed to accommodate the ends
of siding pieces to provide a finished appearance.

Joint
The opening between component parts.

Joint Design
The design of a void to be filled with sealants to prevent air or water leakage.

Jumbo Glass
Standard 130 X 240 sheet.

-- 33 / 64
K value
Former name for U-value on the Continent.

KD (Knocked down)
Product components that are shipped unassembled, e.g., the frame for a sliding glass door.
Unassembled window or door.

Keeper
A hardware device into which a window locking latch engages for security, also known as the
receiving portion of a lock that interlocks with the lock arm. Its mounted to the upper sash check rail
on a double hung or single hung window and the inside surface of the sash stile on a casement
window.

Kitchen Bay Window

A small bay window used above counter-height in kitchens; allows for a wider view and an inside sill
for herbs and flowers.

Knee Wall
A short wall below the glazing on all or some of the exterior walls. Also see Base Wall. (A Knee wall is
typically completed by another contractor.)

L Squares
An "L" shaped instrument that can be made of wood, plastic, aluminum, or phenolic resin, and has two
edges perpendicular to each other, used as a guide for the glass cutter when making 90 angle cuts to
the edge of a sheet of glass.

Lacing Tool
Tool whose eyelet threads the locking strip while its heel presses the locking strip into the channel.

Lacquered glass
Opaque and coloured glass produced by depositing and baking a highly resistant lacquer onto one
side. See SGG PLANILAQUE EVOLUTION.

Laminate
Vinyl inner layer of laminated glass.

Laminated glass
Two or more sheets of annealed or heat treated glass are separated by one or more plastic interlayers
(normally PVB) and subjected to heat and pressure, in order to ensure perfect adhesion between
constituent elements. See SGG STADIP, SGG STADIP PROTECT and SGG STADIP SILENCE.
Consists of a plastic interlayer material, polyvinyl butyral, that keeps the glass in place should it break.
The pieces are retained within the frame, even after suffering an impact. . Laminated glass can qualify
as a safety glazing with any combination of annealed, heat strengthened, or tempered glass as layers.
Two or more sheets of glass with an inner layer of transparent plastic to which the glass adheres if
broken. Used for enhanced safety and security, as well as sound reduction.
A type of safety glass that holds together when shattered; pieces are held in place by an interlayer,
typically of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), between two or more layers of
glass.

Lap Joint
A joint in which the component parts overlap so that the sealant or adhesive is placed into shear action.

Lap Shear Strength

The strength demonstrated by the diagonal pull of two substrates until adhesive failure. The name
comes from the lap joint created by the test samples and the shear action used to pull the samples
apart.

LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design.

-- 34 / 64
LEED Rating System
A "green building" rating system established by the U.S. Green Building Council. Currently applicable
to new commercial construction and major renovations, the program is being expanded to include
residential construction as well.

Left or Right
Location information, always outside looking in, that can be used to specify direction, e.g.,
the operating sash slides to the right.

Legs
Short cracks that emanate from a break.

Lehr
The annealing chamber on a float glass manufacturing line where the molten glass is subject to
controlled cooling to obtain annealed glass, free from internal stresses, which can then be cut or
worked.
A long, tunnel-like oven used to control the rate at which glass cools from its molten state.

Liable
Being legally obligated or responsible.

Lift
A handle or grip installed or routed into the bottom rail of the lower sash of a double hung or single
hung window.

Light reflectance (LRe)

The proportion of the visible spectrum that is reflected by the glass.

Light shelf
A "daylighting" device designed to redirect light towards the ceiling or back of the room.

Light Transmittance
The percentage of visible light able to pass through.

Light transmittance (LT)

The proportion of the visible light spectrum that is transmitted through the glass.

Line load
See Horizontal line load.

Lineal
A standard length profile or shape which is cut and processed to make window and door components.

Linkage
A mechanism used to operate door latches and door locks.

Lintel
A structural component or beam above a window or door opening that supports the wall above. Also
referred to as a header.

Lite
A term for a pane or finished piece of glass. In windows and doors, refers to separately framed panes
of glass (as well as designs simulating the look of separately framed pieces of glass).
A piece of glass. In windows and doors, refers to separately framed panes of glass (as well as designs
simulating the look of separately framed pieces of glass). Sometimes spelled "light."
A pane of glass, a window, or a compartment of a window. Sometimes spelled light.

Lite cut
The layout of a grille pattern.

-- 35 / 64
Load Distribution
The specific placement of a supported weight or mass in a given area.

Loading
Generic term for the various loads, where relevant, exerted on a structure or elements of a structure
including wind loads, snow loads, imposed loads for example those associated with accidental human
impact, and dead loads such as self weight.

Location blocks
Small blocks of resilient material placed between the edges of the glass and frame to maintain edge
clearance and to prevent relative movement between the glass pane and surround. Blocks used on
the bottom edge of the glass are known as "setting blocks".

Locator Tapes
Tapes used to align the glass to the vehicle body during a dry set of the glass. See Dry Set.

Locking Beads
A term for filler strips. See Splines.

Long crack
A crack on the windshield of more than 6 inches (15.24 cm).
A crack on the windshield of more than 6 inches (15.24 cm). See Crack.

Long-wave shading coefficient (LWSC)

See Shading coefficient.

Louver
A slatted opening to provide ventilation but prevent rain from entering the room

Low iron
Referring to extra clear glass, which has a reduced iron oxide content in order to lessen the green
tinge inherent to ordinary clear float glass.

Low level glazing

See Safety critical glazing.

Low-emissivity (LoE) glass

A coated glass product which reflects heat.
Low emissivity glass; a type of reflective glass that is popular in residential and office applications. A
coated glass product that reflects heat.

Low-Emittance (LowE) Coating

Microscopically thin, virtually invisible, metal or metallic oxide layers deposited on a glazing surface
primarily to reduce the U-factor by suppressing radioactive heat flow through the glass. Solar
Innovations utilizes LoE 272 as our standard Low-emittance glass.

Low-Iron Glass
Glass with a low iron content that has a higher visible transmittance and thus a greater ability to collect
solar energy, offered in float or satin etch glass.

LRe
External light reflectance, expressed as a %

LRi
Internal light reflectance, expressed as a %

Magnetic Glass
Glass with a steel sheet attached to the back of a flat glass surface making it magnetic.

-- 36 / 64
Magnetically enhanced cathodic sputtering
See "Sputtered coating".

Marine glazed
A u-channel of soft PVC, which is wrapped around the edge of the glass, and cushions it against the
aluminum or vinyl. This process allows for unrestricted expansion and contraction while providing
water tightness.
A glazing method using a vinyl boot to surrounding the glass. Also called commercial glazing.

Masonry clip
Accessory clip that is used to install windows into brick.

Masonry opening
The space in a masonry wall that is left open for windows or a door.; the same as a rough opening in a
frame wall. The header (or lintel) in a masonry opening is usually a steel beam.
Area in a masonry wall left open for windows or doors.

Mastic (broad interpretation)

Any field molded sealant or adhesive. Includes materials which are gunned, poured or troweled into
place.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

Required for all toxic or hazardous materials used by a company.

Material Substitution Request

An official request in writing provided by a subcontractor or contractor, for the purpose of official notice
or approval that an alternated material is requested.

MDF
Medium-density fiberboard. A wood fiber composite used in a variety of window, door, and millwork
applications.

MEC
Model Energy Code, established by Energy Policy Act of 1992 to serve as a baseline for state energy
codes. To be succeeded by International Energy Conservation Code (IECC).

Mechanical window
A term for a product, usually vinyl, in which the corners are assembled using screws or other fastening
mechanisms, as opposed to a welded corner construction. Also referred to as a mechanically-fastened
window.

Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF)

A wood-fiber composite used in a variety of window, door and millwork applications.

Meeting Rail
The part of a hung window where the two sashes meet and create a weather barrier.

Mill
Unfinished and unpainted aluminum material.

Mirrored Glass
Glass that has a reflective surface on one side.

Mirrors
Deposited layer of silver on one surface of glass.

Misco
Wire glass where the wire is a diamond pattern.

-- 37 / 64
Miter
A joint made between two pieces of glass at an angle of 90, such that the line of junction bisects this
angle.

Miter Joint
A joint formed by fitting together two pieces cut at an angle to form a corner.

Mobile Unit
A vehicle, usually a van or light truck, properly equipped with repair and safety equipment and tools,
driven to an auto glass repair customer's home or place of business. Glass repairs are made from the
vehicle.

Model Building Code

A resource of codes that have been written and adopted as the law or standard in a geographical area.

Model Energy Code (MEC)

Established by Energy Policy Act of 1992 to serve as a baseline for state energy codes. Although
referenced in some state codes, it has been succeeded by the International Energy Conservation
Code (IECC).

Modulus
The ratio of stress to strain.

Molding or Chrome Release Tool

Tool used to remove molding clips from a windshield or back lite.

Monolithic
Another name for annealed glass.

Monolithic Glazing
Consists of a single sheet of glass that is formed using the float glass manufacturing process. From
this development, the monolithic glass is modified for increased strength, improved insulating
capability, and safety glazing requirements. The glass can be annealed, heat-treated, or bonded to
another piece of glass with a plastic interlayer to form laminated glass and it is installed as a single
pane. Monolithic glass allows the heat and cold from the outside to penetrate the structure and greatly
affect the inside temperature.

Monomer
A material composed of single molecules. A building block in the manufacture of polymers.
A substance or simple chemical compound that can be polymerized to yield a much larger polymer
molecule

Mortise Lock
A lock fitting a rectangular-shaped cavity in the edge of a door.

Mortise Lock
A lock fitting a rectangular-shaped cavity in the edge of a door.

Mullion
A horizontal or vertical member that supports and holds panels, glass, sash, or sections of a curtain
wall.
A component used to structurally join two window or door units.

Multipoint lock
A locking system, operated with one handle, which secures a window or door at two or more locking
points.

-- 38 / 64
Muntin
Horizontal or vertical bars that divide the sash frame into smaller lites of glass. Muntins are smaller in
dimensions and weight than mullions.
Profile or moulding, either vertical or horizontal, used to separate glass in a sash into multiple lites.
Generally refers to components used to construct divided lite grids or grilles simulating a divided lite
look.

Nailing fin
An accessory component or integral extension of a window or patio door frame which generally laps
over the conventional stud construction and through which nails are driven to secure the frame in
place.

Nailing Fin
A vinyl or metal flange integrated into (or attached to) the perimeter of a window frame for installation
on the rough openings header, jack studs, and rough sill. A continuous nailing fin may surround the
frame as with an all-vinyl window, or a nailing fin may be affixed to the head and side jambs as with a
vinyl ultraviolet stability.

Negligent
Habitually guilty of neglect, extremely careless or casual.

Neoprene
A synthetic rubber having physical properties closely resembling those of natural rubber but not
requiring sulfur for vulcanization. Extremely good weather resistance (both heat and cold) with
ultraviolet stability.

Neoprene
A synthetic rubber with physical properties that closely resemble those of natural rubber. Neoprene
has extremely good weather and temperature resistance, for both heat and cold, with ultraviolet
stability.

NFRC
National Fenestration Rating Council. A body which has established methods for rating and certifying
the energy performance of windows.

Nickel sulphide inclusion

A rare, but naturally occurring impurity present in all glass that can, in certain circumstances, lead to
spontaneous breakage of thermally toughened glass in service

Nite Latch
Hardware which, when extended, restricts the sash opening to a predetermined dimension.

Non-insulating glass
Fire resisting glass, providing the criteria of E (integrity) only

Non-Tempered Glass
See annealed glass.

Non-vision area
See Spandrel panels

NWWDA
National Wood Window and Door Association. Trade organization which has established many
standards related to wood window and door products. It is now the Window and Door Manufacturers
Association (WDMA).

Obscure Glass
See patterned glass.

-- 39 / 64
Obsidian
Glass made by natural forces, often found in volcanic areas where heat has acted upon sand, and
sodium and calcium compounds, to produce glass.

Octave band
The spectrum of sound is measured in bands of frequencies, an octave band is the band of
frequencies in which the upper limit of the band is twice the frequency of the lower limit.

OEM
Abbreviation for original equipment manufacturer.

Off-line coating
See Sputtered coating and SGG PLANITHERM, SGG COOL-LITE

Off-Set Pliers
Pliers used to trim glass in hard to reach places. The jaws contact the glass at right angles to its edge.

One-Part Sealants
Sealants that require no premixing.

One-Part Urethane
An adhesive used in auto glass replacement that has only one component.

One-step distributor
An industry term for a wholesale company which buys building products from a manufacturer and sells
them to builders, contractors, and homeowners is referred to as a one-step distributor. A wholesaler
which buys building products from the manufacturer and sells them to lumberyards and home centers,
which in turn sell to builders, contractors, and homeowners, is referred to as a two-step distributor.

On-line coating
See Pyrolytic coating and SGG BIOCLEAN, SGG ANTELIO

Opacified
Glass which has been fully enamelled or painted on one side to make it non-transparent.

Opacifier
A material, either film or liquid, that is applied to the back of a piece of glass to act as a light shield.

Opalescent
Name of the texture of a type of art glass.

Opaque
Impenetrable by light.

Open Time
The time interval between the application of an adhesive and when it becomes no longer workable.

Open-Celled
As in "Open-celled foam." Foam extrusions can have the body contain connecting open cells. This
allows air to pass through the foam to promote adhesive cure.

Operator
A metal arm and gear device which allows for easy opening and closing of projecting windows; e.g.
casement and awning windows.

Oriel
Window style in which the upper sash is larger than the lower sash.
Type of bay window which protrudes from building, but does not touch the ground.

-- 40 / 64
Orientation
The compass direction that a structure faces. To optimize heat-gain in the northern hemisphere, the
major facade of a building should face south. (a variation as much as 30 degrees east or west of south
should not seriously affect performance).

Outer pane
The pane of a double-glazed unit which faces the exterior of a building.

Outswing
Panels swing to the exterior as viewed from exterior.

Oval Cutter
Cutters that allow glaziers to cut ovals of specific dimensions. Oval cutters can also cut circles.

Oxidation
Formation of an oxide; the deterioration of rubbery materials due to the action of oxygen or ozone.

Ozone
A reactive form of oxygen. A powerful oxidizing agent, it occurs naturally in the atmosphere.

Palladian
A large, arch-top window flanked by smaller windows on each side.

Palladian Window
A large, arch-top window flanked by smaller windows on each side.

Pane
A framed sheet of glass.

Panel
Component, usually wood, mounted within stile and rail members of doors. Also used to refer to the
entire door.

Panel
Framework holding the glass option in an operable door or fixed window frame.

Panning
In replacement window work, the outside aluminum trim that can extend around the perimeter of the
window opening; used to cover up the old window material.

Panning
A set of extrusions which are fastened to a new window to cover the exterior perimeter of an existing
opening in a retrofit application.

Pareto Principal
A management principle that breaks down complicated processes or tasks into the vital few and the
trivial many.

Part L
See "Document L"

Parting stop
A narrow moulding, either integral or applied, that holds a sash or panel in position in a frame.

Parting Stop
A strip of wood applied to the jamb to separate the sash in a double-hung window.

Passive Restraint System

A system of protection that requires no effort on the part of the occupants of a vehicle, i.e., self-
retracting seat belts, airbags.

-- 41 / 64
Passive Solar
A solar heating system which operates on natural thermal processes and does not use external
mechanical power to move the collected heat. Generally, the buildings structure itself forms the solar
system.

Patent glazing
A non-load bearing, drained and ventilated framing system, used predominantly in overhead glazing.

Patio Doors
Sliding glass doors, often used for access to a deck or terrace.

Pattern Cutters
Sometimes called rolled or rough rolled glass, patterned glass is one type of rolled glass having a
pattern impressed on one or both sides. Used extensively for light control and decorative glazing.

Patterned glass
A type of glass used to control light, obscure visual detail for privacy, or to provide decorative effects.
Translucent patterned glass, manufactured by rolling heat-softened glass between embossed
cylinders. See SGG DECORGLASS, SGG MASTERGLASS.
Glass that has a pattern impressed on one or both sides. Used extensively for light control, bath
enclosures and decorative glazing. This is sometimes called rolled, figured, or obscure glass.

Peel Test
A test of an adhesive or sealant using one rigid and one flexible substrate. The flexible material is
folded back (usually 180) and the substrates are peeled apart. Strength is measured in pounds per
inch of width.

Perimeter grille
Same as surround grille; a grille with a perimeter frame.

Permanent Set
Occurs when a sealant is stretched, released, and does not return to its original length, but remains
longer.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The safety gear worn by an auto glass repair technician. It includes nitrile gloves, safety or ultraviolet
glasses, dust and mist mask (dual strap), first aid kit, and any additional equipment required by
company policy.

Photocatalysis
Ability of a material to break down organic compounds on a surface using UV radiation. See "self-
cleaning glass" and SGG BIOCLEAN.

Picture Frame Casing

The use of casing on all four sides of the interior of a window. The stool and apron at the sill are
replaced with casing.

Picture window
A large stationary (non-ventilating) window which is designed for a maximum view without obstruction.
Large, non-operating window. It is usually longer than it is wide to provide a panoramic view.

Pigment
A coloring substance or matter.

Pinchweld
A type of metal weld joint. In the auto glass industry, the pinchweld is the part of the vehicle frame
where the glass adheres.

-- 42 / 64
Pink noise
Expressed in dBA, this is an assessment of the sound insulating properties of a building material over
specified standard frequencies, which represent general activity noise, when equal levels of power are
applied at each frequency.

Pit
The impact point from which, typically, a small piece of glass is missing.

Pitch
The degree of the inclination upward from horizontal or flat. It may be expressed in degrees or as the
ratio of the number of inches it rises in each 12 of horizontal span (e.g. 3/12 means the roof rises 3 in
every foot of horizontal span).

Pivot window
A unit with a sash that swings open or shut by revolving on pivots at either side of the sash or at top
and bottom.

Plasticizer
A material which softens a sealant or adhesive by solvent action.

Plate glass
Flat glass produced by grinding and polishing to create parallel plane surfaces affording excellent
vision. Although the term is still used commonly, most window glass is now produced using the float
process. See float glass.

Pleated Shade
A shade of folded fabric which can be installed like regular shades or between the panes of glass of a
window.

PLF
"Plateau Largeur Fabrication", SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS reference for jumbo-size flat glass sheets i.e.
6000mm x 3210mm dimensions.

Pneumatic
An air-powered power tool.

Pocket Window
A unit designed for replacement applications; is installed into the existing window frame after removal
of the sash, balance hardware and parting stops. Also called an insert window, these units allow
existing interior and exterior trim to be maintained.

Point load
An imposed concentrated load acting on a square contact area of 50mm sides. Most often associated
with balustrading and guarding applications and also to glass used in floors.

Polishing
Grinding each edge of the glass to 45 degrees.

Polishing Lubricant
A lubricant use to aid in polishing glass and plastics.

Polycarbonate
A plastic material used for glazing.

Polycarbonate
Strong, semi-transparent plastic used in place of glass that is available in varying thicknesses.
Polycarbonate is a less expensive infill selection when compared to glass.

Poly-Isobutylene Tape (PIB Tape)

Used to form the primary seal of a dual seal insulating glass unit.

-- 43 / 64
Polymer
A compound consisting of long chain-like molecules. The building units in the chain are monomers.

Polymerization
A reaction occurring when two or more molecules of a compound are united to form a larger, more
complex compound

Polysulfide
An adhesive used to bond auto glass to vehicles prior to the advent of urethane.

Polysulfide Rubber
A synthetic polymer usually obtained from sodium polysulfide. Polysulfide rubbers make very good
sealants.

Polysulfide Sealants
Sealants that adhere well to glass, aluminum, and spacer and corner materials.

Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB)

Plastic material used as the interlayer in the construction of some types of laminated glass.

Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
An extruded material used for window and door framing.

Preformed Gaskets
Glazing gaskets manufactured to window openings, usually made of rubber or urethane.

Preformed Sealant
A sealant which is pre-shaped by the manufacturer. Example

Pre-hanger
A company which buys doors, framing, hardware, glass lites, and other components, and prepares (or
pre-hangs) the unit for installation.

Prep
A cleaner or a product that enhances an adhesive; usually applied to the glass prior to the primer.

Pressure Sensitive Adhesive

Adhesive which retains tack after release of the solvent, so that it can be bonded by simple hand
pressure.

Primary active panel

This is the active panel of a bi-hinge door

Primary seal
A butyl-based sealant, for example polyisobutylene, applied to the edges of the spacer bar during
assembly into double-glazed units, to ensure a watertight and airtight seal around the perimeter of the
unit.

Prime Frame
A window frame which has an extended perimeter leg 1 back from the window exterior plane, which
becomes a nailing fin for new construction installation.

Prime window
A primary window, as opposed to a storm or combination unit added on.

Primed window
Optional factory finish to provide units ready to accept finish coat(s).

-- 44 / 64
Primer
An undercoat or chemical applied to a surface to improve the adhesion, durability, and appearance of
a topcoat or the bond of an adhesive. A product (chemical) used to prepare metal bonding areas and
ensure a strong bond between the glass part and the adhesive.

Primerless Urethane
A type of urethane adhesive that requires no primer on the glass surface. Metal primers may be
necessary.

Pro Dealer
A term used for building product dealers and/or distributors that cater to professional customers such
as home builders and remodeling contractors.

Production Cutters
Mechanical cutters.

Projected window
A window in which the sash opens on hinges or pivots. Refers to casements, awnings, and hoppers.

Projected Window
A window in which the sash opens on hinges or pivots. Refers to casement and awning windows.

Projection
The distance from a structures point of attachment to an existing structure to the farthest point
outward of the structure.

PSF (Pounds Per Square Foot)

A measurement of air pressure used in window testing, e.g., 1.56 psf (25 mph) or 6.24 psf (50 mph).

Pultrusion
The process used to produce fiberglass composite profiles or components used for the production of
windows and doors. Term also is used generally to refer to the composite profiles or lineals cut and
processed to make window and door components.

Pump Gun
A device used for pumping sealants and adhesives.

Purlins
The horizontal components of a roof structure that are used to support and attach roof panels.

PVB
See Polyvinyl Butyral.

PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral)

The plastic interlayer incorporated into laminated glass in order to ensure good adhesion and the
mechanical and safety breakage characteristics of the glass.

PVC
Polyvinylchloride. An extruded material used for window and door framing.

Pyrolytic coating / coated

A specialistmetallic coating is applied to the glass "on-line" during the float glass manufacturing
process. The high temperatures involved resulting the metallic oxides fusing into the surface of the
glass through pyrolysis and effectively forming part of the glass. See SGG ANTELIO, SGG
REFLECTASOL, SGG BIOCLEAN.

Pyrolytic Coating
A special coating sprayed directly onto glass while it is still in a molten state, resulting in a
permanently embedded surface coating.

-- 45 / 64
Pyrolytic glass
A glass product that is coated, usually to provide low-emissivity or solar control benefits, during the
manufacturing process at the molten glass stage. Commonly referred to as a hard coat, this type of
coating offers a surface that is generally as durable as an ordinary glass surface, and therefore
requires no special handling and does not need to be used in an insulating glass unit. The other type
of glass coating is a sputter-coat, which is applied in a secondary process. Sometimes referred to as a
soft-coat, these types of coatings generally require some additional care in handling and fabrication
and must be used within an insulating glass unit.

Quarter glass
Backside windows in a vehicle.

Quarter round
A stock or special round unit. This unit height and width are equal.

RA
The abbreviation for the sound reduction index when the spectrum adaptation term C is applied to the
single number weighted sound reduction index (RW) using pink noise as a sound source.

RA,tr
The abbreviation for the sound reduction index when the spectrum adaptation term Ctris applied to the
single number weighted sound reduction index (RW) using traffic noise as a sound source.

Radiation
Depends on the context n which it is being used. Normally refers to electromagnetic radiation. It is also
used in terms of fire protection, see "fire resistance" and it is one of the ways in which heat can be
transferred.
The transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves from one separate surface to another. Low-
E glass is designed to reduce this type of heat transfer by reflecting electromagnetic waves.

Radiation
The transmission of heat through space by means of electromagnetic waves or particles from one
surface to another.

Rafter
Structural members of a roof that support the roof load and run from the ridge to the eaves.

Rail
Horizontal member of the framework of a window sash or door.

Rail
The top and bottom horizontal members of the framework of a window sash or door panel; a horizontal
sash member.

Reaction Injection Molding (RIM)

A molding process using reactive chemicals.

Rebate
The section of the frame surround which forms an angle into which the glass is placed and held.

Receptor
Framing system consisting of two snap-together extrusions that are used to contain a window frame
head and jambs in a masonry-type opening. It allows for deflection and inconsistencies in the openings.

Reflectance Back
A measurement in percentage of the visible light reflected back into a room. A lower rating equals
better external visibility.

-- 46 / 64
Reflected Radiation
Solar radiation that strikes an exposed surface (like a window) after being reflected from the ground,
trees, buildings, snow, etc. Reflected radiation can provide a significant amount of heat when vertical
windows are used.

Reflective coating / coated

A metallic coating is applied to one side of the glass in order to significantly increase the amount of
reflection by the glass of both the visible and infra-red (light and heat) range of the electromagnetic
spectrum.

Reflective glass
Glass with a metallic coating to reduce solar heat gain.
Window glass coated to reflect visible light and solar radiation striking the surface of the glass.
Glass that has been treated with a metallic coating that allows it to reflect heat.

Regulator
A manually or power-operated device that rolls the vehicles windows up and down.

Relative Heat Gain

A measurement of the total heat gain through glazing for a specific set of conditions.

Relative Humidity
Humidity expressed as a percentage of the maximum possible humidity at a given temperature.

Release Agent
A liquid solvent used to soften adhesives or sealants.

Removable Grilles
Ornamental or simulated muntins and bars designed to provide a divided light appearance. Generally
made of wood, they are applied to the inside of the sash against the glass surface for easy removal.

RESFEN
A computer program designed to calculate energy use based on window selection in residential
buildings.

Resilience
A measure of energy stored and recovered during a loading cycle. It is expressed in percentage.

Resin
A solid organic material, generally not soluble in water, that has little or no tendency to crystallize.
Resin is optically matched to auto glass and used to fill breaks and cracks. A term commonly used
within the industry that refers to the raw materials used by PVC extruders to produce vinyl window
profiles. The word is also used to describe a liquid material that is used in the production of laminated
glass.

Resin laminate
Two or more sheets of glass assembled with one or more resin inter layers. The resin is available in a
wide range of colours for decorative purposes. Often used to laminate heavily textured glasses and
thick glass assemblies for example to use in floors.

Resin Laminating
A process used to laminate curved glass and other specialized, limited batch applications.

Retainer
An item that holds steady a panel to a frame.

Reveal Molding
Chrome or plastic molding which fits over and covers the edges of the windshield and back glass.

-- 47 / 64
RF
Radio frequency. Technology used with bar code scanners and other input devices in plant and
warehouse tracking systems.

Ridge Height
The vertical dimension from finished floor to the ridge.

Road traffic noise

See "RA,tr".

Robustness
Certain thicknesses of annealed glass is considered suitable for use in large areas, in safety critical
locations, for certain non-domestic situations such as shop fronts, showrooms, offices and public
buildings. This is referred to in Building Regulations Approved Document N as robustness.

Rolled form aluminum

Cladding method using a rolled type method of bending. Mainly used in sash cladding.

Rolled Glass
Manufactured by pouring glass from the furnace into a series of rollers, then shaped to the desired
thickness, annealed and cut to size. There are two basic types, patterned glass and wired glass.

Rollerwave
An optical phenomenon, generally noticed in reflection, caused by contact between glass and rollers in
the horizontal toughening process.

Roof Window
An operable unit similar to a skylight placed in the sloping surface of a roof.

Rough Opening
An opening in a wall or the frame work of a building where a door frame, window frame, or sub frame
is fitted.
Framed opening in a wall into which a window or door unit is to be installed.

Rough Sill
The horizontal framing piece, usually a 24, which forms the bottom of the rough opening. It is toe-
nailed into the jack studs and supported by cripples.

Round top
A true half round with extended legs.
One of several terms used for a variety of window units with one or more curved frame members,
often used over another window or door opening. Also referred to as arch-tops, circle-tops and circle-
heads.

Round-top picture
One of several terms used for a variety of window units with one or more curved frame members,
often used over another window or door opening. Also referred to as arch-tops, circle-tops, and circle-
heads.

Rubber Blocks or Spacers

Small rubber blocks/spacers, used by some manufacturers, to separate the glass from the metal
frame.

Run-up
See "Free path".

-- 48 / 64
R-value
The measure of resistance to heat gain or loss (insulated ability). R-values, rather than thickness, can
be compared for different materials. The higher the R-value, the greater the glasss resistance to heat
flow and the higher the insulating value. The R-value is the inverse of the U-value.
Resistance to thermal transfer or heat flow. Higher R-value numbers indicate greater insulating value.
R-value is frequently used by the insulation industry and is the reciprocal of U-value, a value more
generally used in the window industry.

Rw
See "Weighted noise reduction".

Safety critical locations

Identified by BS 6262 part 4 and defined as glazed sections of a door, wall or other part of a building
most likely to be subject to accidental human impact.

Safety glass
Glass which must have passed an impact test (BS 6206: 1981) and either must not break or must
break safely.
A general term used for a strengthened or reinforced glass that is less subject to breakage or
splintering and less likely to cause injury if broken. Law requires glass in doors to be some type of
safety glazing product, such as tempered or laminated glass.
A strengthened or reinforced glass that is less subject to breakage or splintering and less likely to
cause injury if broken. Law requires glass in doors to be some type of safety glazing product, such as
tempered or laminated glass.

Safety Glazing
See Tempered Glass.

Salvage Part
A part, removed from a vehicle being scrapped, that is intended to be used as a replacement part.

Sandblasting
Sand blown by compressed air for etching or decorating glass.

Sash
An assembly of stiles and rails (vertical and horizontal members) made into a frame for holding glass.

Sash Balance
A coiled spring or spiral system integrated into the jamb liners to allow double hung or single hung
sashes to open and close. They also allow the sashes to remain open in varied positions.

Sash cord
Rope or chain in double-hung windows which attaches the sash to the counter balance.

Sash Cord
In double-hung windows, the rope or chain which attaches the sash to the counter balance.

Sash lift
Protruding or recessed handle on the inside bottom rail of the lower sash on a double- or single-hung
window.

Sash Lift
a protruding handle screwed to the inside bottom rail of the lower sash on a double-hung window.

Sash Size or Sash Opening

The actual sash opening of a unit. A generic or common callout for double hung products.

Sash Stiffener
A reinforcement usually inserted into a sash profile prior to assembly; designed to increase the
strength of the unit.
-- 49 / 64
Sash weights
Concealed cast-iron weights used to counterbalance the sash of older double-hung windows.

Sash
Framework holding the glass in a window unit. Composed of stiles (sides) and rails (top and bottom).

Satin Etch
Glass that has been chemically treated to give it a satin or frosted finish, on one or two sides.

Sausage Packs
A type of packaging for adhesive materials. The material is packaged in an aluminum foil pack. When
the material is forced out of the package, the foil is crushed, reducing the amount of disposable waste.

SBCCI
Southern Building Code Congress International. One of the three model code groups in the U.S. now
merging to form the International Code Council.

Score
The term used to describe a "cut" on the surface of a glass or mirror with a glass cutter.
Make a split in the surface of the glass which encourages the glass to break along the score.

Screen-printing / screen-printed
Enamelling the surface of a sheet of glass, either partially or completely, by means of a silk-screen
and thermal toughening. See SGG SERALIT EVOLUTION.

Screw Channel
The threaded channel centered in the glazing track.

Sealant
A compressible plastic material used to seal any opening or junction of two parts, such as between the
glass and a metal sash, commonly made of silicone, butyl tape, or polysulfide.
Any material used to seal joints or openings against the intrusion or passage of any foreign substance,
such as water, gases, air or dirt.

Sealer
A surface coating generally applied to fill cracks, pores or voids in a surface.

Seam
To grind or sand the sharp edges of a piece of glass, usually with an abrasive belt, wet or dry.

Secondary active panel

This is the passive panel of a bi-hinge door

Segment top picture

A segment radius unit with legs of same dimensions.

Segment top quarter

A segment radius unit with different dimensions for the legs.

Seismic Load
The force produced on a structural system due to the action of an earthquake.

Self-cleaning glass
Glass treated with a special coating. Currently, commercially available products feature a coating that
uses the sun's iN rays to break down organic dirt through what is called a photocatalytic effect. The
coating also provides a hydrophilic effect, which reduces the surface tension of water to cause it to
sheet down the surface easily and wash away dirt.

-- 50 / 64
Sequential locking system
Type of multi-point locking system used on casement windows. Lower locks engage and partially
close sash before upper locks engage.

Set Up vs Basic
Set up is a unit complete with all mulling and casings applied, ready to install in rough opening.

Setting Block
A small piece of neoprene or other suitable material that positions the glass in the frame or opening.
An automotive part on which the glass rests in place.
A piece of rubber on which a piece of glazing is set.

Shaded Glass
Laminated glass in which a dark color has been added to the top section of the inner vinyl layer to
improve driver visibility in glare. The color typically becomes lighter as the tint travels down the glass.

Shading coefficient (SC)

A measure of a window's ability to transmit solar heat, relative to that ability for lis-inch clear glass.
The lower a unit's shading coefficient, the less solar heat it transmits, and the greater its shading
ability. It is being phased out in favor of the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC).
The solar factor (total transmittance) of a glass relative to that of 3mm clear float glass (0.87) and is
used as a performance comparison. The lower the shading coefficient number, the lower the amount
of solar heat transmitted. The short wave shading coefficient is the direct transmittance (T) of the
glass as a factor of the solar factor or total transmittance (g or TT) of 3mm clear float glass.
The total amount of solar energy that passes through a glass relative to a 1/8 (3mm) thick clear glass
under the same design conditions; includes solar energy transmitted directly plus any absorbed solar
energy subsequently re-radiated or convected into a room; lower values indicate better performance in
reducing summer heat gain and therefore air-conditioning loads.

Shard
A sharp piece or fragment of glass.

Shear Test
A method of deforming a sealed or bonded joint by forcing the substrates to slide over each other.
Shear strength is reported in units of force per unit area (psi).

Sheet glass
A transparent, flat glass found in older windows, now largely replaced by float glass.

Shelf life
The amount of time resin stays fresh without being used. If the material exceeds its shelf life, the resin
might become unstable and unusable.

Shore Hardness
The measure of firmness of a compound by means of a Durometer Hardness Gauge. (Range of 20-25
is about the firmness of an art gum eraser. Range of 90 is about the firmness of a rubber shoe heel.)

Short crack
A crack on the windshield of 6 inches (15.24 cm) or less.
A crack on the windshield of 6 inches (15.24 cm) or less. See Crack.

Short wave shading coefficient (SWSC)

See "Shading coefficient".

Shower Enclosures
Glass walls for any type of shower to create privacy or openness.

Shrinkage
The percentage weight loss under specified conditions.

-- 51 / 64
Side-Lite
Passenger car side windows.

Sidelites
Narrow fixed units mulled or joined to operating door units to give a more open appearance.

Sidelites
A fixed frame of glass beside a window or door.

Sight line
The perimeter of the opening that admits daylight.

Sight size
The actual size of the opening that admits daylight.

Silicone
A chemical used as a lubricant or as a sealant with a wide variety of usage.

Silicone seal
Where the edges of double-glazed units are unframed and exposed to direct sunlight, they are sealed
with silicone for UV resistance.

Silkscreen
Transferring an image to the glass by pressing ink through a screen and then processing it through a
horizontal tempering furnace.

Sill
The main horizontal member forming the bottom of the frame of a window or door.
The main horizontal member forming the bottom of the frame of a window or door.
The lowest horizontal member in a door, window, or sash frame; Generally slanted down and to the
outside to shed standing water.

Sill nosing
A double hung part added to the main sill of a unit.

Sill Pan
A product placed under a window or door during the installation process that is designed for water
drainage.

Silvering or silvered glass

A process used in the manufacture of mirrors, whereby a silver coating is applied to one surface of the
glass. See SGG MIRALITE EVOLUTION.

Simulated divided lite (SDLs)

A type of grille or grid design that creates the appearance of a number of smaller panes of glass
separated by muntins, but actually uses larger lites of glass with the muntins placed between and/or
on the surfaces of the glass layers.

Simulated Divided Lites (SDLs)

A type of grille or grid design that creates the appearance of a number of smaller panes of glass
separated by muntins, but actually uses larger lites of glass with the muntins placed between and/or
on the surfaces of the glass layers.
Glass that has the appearance of a number of smaller panes of glass separated by muntins, but is
actually a larger glazing unit with the muntins placed between or on the surfaces of the glass layers.

Single glazing
Use of single lite of glass in a window. Generally not as energy efficient as insulating glass or other
forms of double glazing.
A single layer of glazing used to enclose a structure, usually glass or plastic.

-- 52 / 64
Single hung
A window resembling a double-hung, or vertically sliding window, with a fixed top sash.
A type of window in which the bottom sash is operable, but the top sash is fixed or inoperable.

Single Seal Units

IG unit manufactured with only one sealant.

Single-Hung
A window resembling a double-hung or vertically sliding window, with a fixed, non-operating top sash.

Single-strength glass
Glass with thickness between 0.085 and 0.100 inches.

Skin
A single piece of material used as the face of a door.

Skinned Over
The appearance of an adhesive when it has started to cure.

Slab
A term for a complete door panel that has not been prepared for installation into a frame.

Sliding Door
Door in which a vent panel moves horizontally on a track system past a fixed panel.

Sloped Glazing
Any installation of glass that is at a slope of 15 degrees or more from vertical.

Smart window
Generic term, sometimes used for windows offering high energy efficiency or windows featuring
switchable glass to control solar gain.
Generic term, sometimes used for windows offering high energy efficiency or windows featuring
switchable glass to control solar gain.

Snow load
An imposed load exerted onto a structure or element of a structure by formation of snow.

Soft-coat glass
A glass product that is coated in a secondary process known as sputter coating, usually to offer low-
emissivity or solar control benefits. The term refers to the fact that these types of coatings generally
require some additional care in handling and fabrication and must be used within an insulating glass
unit. A hard-coat or pyrolytic glass is coated during the manufacturing process at the molten glass
stage. This type of coating offers a surface that is generally as durable as an ordinary glass surface,
and therefore requires no special handling and does not need to be used in an insulating glass unit.

Solar control glass

Coated glass to reflect and/or absorb solar energy to prevent excessive heat gain. See SGG COOL-
LITE.
Glass produced with a coating or tint that absorbs or reflects solar energy, thereby reducing solar gain.

Solar factor "g"

the percentage of total solar radiant heat energy transmitted through glazing (the sum of energy
transmitted directly and energy absorbed and re-emitted to the interior).

Solar glass
Glass that either reflects or absorbs the ultraviolet and infrared rays from the sun.

-- 53 / 64
Solar heat gain
Solar radiant heat, transmitted or reemitted by glazing into a building, contributing to the build-up of
heat.

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)

The solar heat gain coefficient, also called a shading coefficient, is a measure of how well a window
absorbs or reflects heat from the sun. The lower the coefficient, the better the window is at blocking
the suns heat. Windows in hot or temperate climates should have a low SHGC; south-facing windows
in cold climates should have a high SHGC.
A rating, which is now generally replacing shading coefficient, measuring a window's ability to transmit
solar heat. It measures both the solar radiation which is directly transmitted, as well as the solar
radiation absorbed by the glass and subsequently transmitted. The lower a unit's solar heat gain
coefficient, the less solar heat it transmits, and the greater is its shading ability. It is approximately
equal to the shading coefficient divided by 1.15. It is expressed as a number without units between 0
and 1.

Solar-Control Glass
Glass produced with a coating or tint that absorbs or reflects solar energy, thereby reducing solar gain.

SolarCool Bronze Glass

In extremely hot regions, SolarCool bronze can help keep your area cooler with a special light and
heat reflective coating. The coating is permanently fused to the outside surface of the glass. This
coating reduces the amount of sunlight entering your structure by 75% and reflects much of the
infrared heat waves radiating from the ground or nearby buildings.

Solid-core door
Flush door produced with a solid material placed within the door skins.

Solvent
A liquid in which another substance can be dissolved.

Sound reduction index (R)

A laboratory measure of the sound insulating properties of a material or building element in a stated
frequency band.

Sound transmission class (STC)

A rating measuring a window's acoustic properties or its ability to reduce sound transmission. An STC
rating is determined by measuring the sound transmission over a selected range of sound frequencies.
The higher the number, the less sound transmitted.

Sound Transmission Class (STC) Rating

Measures the amount of noise reduction that can be achieved with a given product. A noise reduction
of 10 decibels represents cutting the noise level in half, as interpreted by the human ear. So, a rating
of 25 means the product reduces the outside noise by approximately 25 decibels, cutting the noise in
half 2-1/2 times, or cutting it by over 80%.

Spacer bar
Generally an aluminium bar along all edges of a double-glazed unit, filled with desiccant, which
separates the two panes of glass and creates a cavity.

Spacers, Flat
Small blocks of composition, neoprene, etc., placed on each side of lites to center the lites in the
channel and maintain uniform width of sealant beads. They prevent excessive sealant distortion.

Spall
Small fragments of glass that are ejected from the surface of a laminated glass sheet when the
opposite surface is impacted.

Span
The distance between any two consecutive structural supports.

-- 54 / 64
Spandrel
Opaque glazing material, often used for non-visionary areas between floors of a building.

Spandrel or spandrel panel

Glass cladding panels used in non vision areas of a faade, commonly in curtain walling. They
generally comprise an enamelled or opacified glass to conceal building structure elements such as the
edge of floor slabs.

Spectrally-selective glass
A coated or tinted glazing with optical properties that are transparent to some wavelengths of energy
and reflective to others. Typically, spectrally-selective coatings are designed to allow high levels of
visible light or daylight into a building and reflect short-wave and long-wave infrared radiation.

Spectrophotometric performance /properties

The collective term for the transmittance, absorptance and reflectance properties of glass of solar
radiant heat and light energy.

Splayed Window
Window unit set at an angle in a wall.

Splines
A term used to denote filler strips.

Spread mull
Term used for adding a space between mulls. This dimension is based on width between frames,
NOT exterior casing size.

Sputter-coating
A secondary manufactur-ing process in which a thin layer of materials, usually designed to offer low-
emissivity or solar control benefits, is applied to glass. Sputter-coatings are commonly referred to as
soft-coats, as they generally require some additional care in handling and fabrication and must be
used within an insulating glass unit. A hard-coat or pyrolytic glass is coated during the manufacturing
process at the molten glass stage. This type of coating offers a surface that is generally as durable as
an ordinary glass surface, and therefore requires no special handling and does not need to be used in
an insulating glass unit.

Sputtered coating / coated

An advanced metallic coating is applied to the glass "off-line" or after the float glass manufacturing
process, by a technique called magnetically enhanced cathodic sputtering under vacuum conditions.

SSS
Reference for standard stock sizes of glass.

Stained
See Decorative Glass.

Star Break
Damage to a windshield marked by various-sized cracks radiating from the central impact point.

Stat
Stationary, does not move.

Static Mixer
A tube-like nozzle with a uniquely shaped insert that mixes two adhesive component materials
together before the adhesive is dispensed.

Stepped-edge unit
The edges of the double-glazed unit are not flush. One pane is larger and overlaps the other, to enable
their use in roof glazing for example.

-- 55 / 64
Stick grille
Grille without a perimeter.

Stile
The main vertical frame members of a sash or door.

Stile
The vertical members of a window sash or door panel.

Stile-and-rail door
Traditional type of wood door constructed with vertical stiles and rails with openings filled with raised
wood panels or glass.

Stoce
Unit of glass sheets that is transported and stored without benefit of a wood crate.

Stock size
Manufactured glass products are available in standard sheet sizes: jumbos (PLF), lehr end sizes (LES)
and standard stock sizes (SSS).

Stone Break
A break on the outer layer of a laminated windshield. Typical stone breaks are star breaks, bullseyes
or combination breaks. Non-technical term for damage on laminated glass.

Stool
Interior trim piece sometimes used to extend a window sill and act as a narrow shelf.

Stool
An interior trim piece on a window which extends the sill and acts as a narrow shelf.

Stop
A moulding used to hold, position, or separate window or door parts. Also, the moulding or component
on the inside of a window frame against which the window sash rests or closes. Also called a bead,
side stop, window stop, and parting stop.

Stop glazed
A typical method using a stop with a glazing compound to make the seal.

Stop
A molding used to hold, position, or separate window parts.

Straightedge
A piece of material with a straight edge for testing straight lines and surfaces or drawing straight lines.

Straight-Jaw Glass Pliers

Glass pliers that have identical upper and lower jaws.

Stress crack
Cracks resulting from unusual forces acting on the glass body.
Any crack extending from an edge without an impact point.

Structural glazing
Glass acting as a structural support to other parts of the building structure, for example glass fins. It
can also refer to glass that is fixed by means of bolted connectors where the glass is not acting as a
structural element.

Structural sealant glazing

An external glazing system where the glass is bonded to a carrier frame without mechanical retention.

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Stud pocket
A spread mull with field knock out blocks for studs to run between mulled units.

Sub sill
A casement part added to the bottom front of a casement to form the slop of sill.

Substrate
A hard surface, such as glass or metal, to which a sealant or adhesive is bonded. It is used to test
adhesive product strengths.

Super window
A generic term for a window with a very low U-value. Typically, it incorporates multiple glazings, low-E
coatings, gas fills, and an insulating spacer.

Supplementary Conditions
Provisions or conditions of a contract that are not standardized or that are special in relation to a
particular contract.

Suspended Particle Device (SPD)

A type of switchable glazing that typically uses laminated glass construction with the interlayer material
featuring "suspended particles" that align when the glass unit is charged to provide a clear view and
scatter when there is no charge, changing the glazing to translucent.

Swing door
Windsors version of all swing door options, including singles, bi-hinge, center hinge, including all 1, 2,
and 3 panel options.

Switchable Glass
Glass or glazing whose light transmission properties are altered when voltage, light or heat is applied.

Tack, Tackiness
The stickiness of the surface of a sealant or adhesive.

Tape Glazing
Installing glass or products with butyl tape.

Tapping Ball
An added feature to a wheel cutter that is used to weaken the glass on the underside of the score line
prior to breaking.

Tear Strength
The load required to tear apart a sealant specimen.

Tempered glass
A process of controlled thermal or chemical treatments that put outer surfaces into compression and
inner surfaces into tension and makes the glass four to five times stronger and safer than annealed or
untreated glass. As a result, tempered glass is less likely to experience a thermal break and, if it does
break, it breaks into many small pieces, thereby reducing the chance of injury.
Glass heat treated to withstand greater than normal forces on its surface. When it breaks, it shatters
into small pieces to reduce hazard.
Glass that is manufactured by heating annealed float glass to its softening point (1300 F), then rapidly
cooling it with air. The resulting compression layer increases the glass strength to four times that of
common annealed glass. Tempered glass will break into small particles. The pieces of broken glass
are sufficiently smaller in size, allowing it to be classified as a break safe glass.
A strong break-resistant type of safety glass that, if broken, shatters into small granular pieces. Glass
heat-treated to withstand greater than normal forces on its surface.
See "Thermally toughened glass".

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Tempering
Strengthening glass with heat.

Tenon
A rectangular projection cut out of a piece of wood for insertion into a mortise.

Tensile Strength
Resistance of a material to a tensile force (a stretch). The cohesive strength of a material, expressed
in psi.

Tension
The act of straining or stretching.

Textured glass
See Patterned glass.

Thermal Barrier
A stop of non-conducting material, such as wood, vinyl, or foam rubber, that is used to separate the
inside and outside surfaces of a metal frame. The thermal barrier minimizes the conduction of heat to
the outside which results in a cold inside surface.

Thermal break
A thermally insulating or low-conductance material used between interior and exterior aluminum (or
other conductive material) window and door components.
An element of low conductance placed between elements of higher conductance to reduce the flow of
heat. Often used in aluminum windows.
A thermally insulating or low-conductance material used between interior and exterior aluminum (or
other conductive materials) window and door components.
A type of metal frame that incorporates an isolating material of low thermal conductivity located
between the inner and outer parts of the frame in order to reduce the rate of heat loss through the
frame.

Thermal fracture / safety

See "Thermal stress".

Thermal Movement
Movement and changes in a structure caused by temperature changes.

Thermal stress
The term used to describe the internal s tresses created when glass is subjected to variations in
temperature across its area. If the temperature differentials in the glass are excessive, the glass may
crack. This is referred to as thermal breakage or fracture.
As glass heats, it expands. The center portion of a lite gets hotter and expands at a greater rate than
the edges. When this occurs it strains the edges, this is called thermal stress.

Thermally insulating glazing

Double-glazed units provide thermal insulation. See also "enhanced thermal insulation" and
"Document L".

Thermally toughened glass

Glass that has been subjected to a controlled heating and cooling process, in order to significantly
increase its resistance to mechanical and thermal stress. Through the thermal toughening process, the
glass attains its safe-breakage characteristics. See SGG SECURIT.

Thixotropic
Non-sagging. A material which maintains its shape unless agitated. A thixotropic sealant can be
placed vertically in a joint and will maintain its shape without sagging during the curing process.

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Tight size
The actual size of an opening into which glass is to be glazed and is measured from the rebate
platform.

Tilt window
A single- or double-hung window whose operable sash can be tilted into a room to allow cleaning of
the exterior surface on the inside.

Tin Side
Also called the non-air side, the surface of glass facing the molten tin within a float glass furnace.

Tinted glass
Coloring glass during the manufacturing process to reduce the transmission of light and solar energy.
See Body-tinted glass.
Glass to which a small amount of color has been added consistently throughout the glass batch. The
tinting reduces glare and absorbs heat.
Glass with colorants added to the basic glass batch that gives the glass color, as well as light and
heat-reducing capabilities.

Tinted interlayer
A coloured plastic or resin sheet between two or more panes of glass.

Tints
Gray and bronze available as standard options on Clear or LoE IG.

Tooling
The pressing of a compound in and against the side of a joint to form good adhesion; also dressing of
a joint's surface compound for good appearance.

Total transmittance
See Solar factor.

Toughened glass
Glass that has been subjected to a controlled heating and cooling process in order to significantly
increase its resistance to mechanical and thermal stress. Through the thermal toughening process, the
glass attains its safe-breakage characteristics.

Toxic
Poisonous or dangerous to humans if swallowed or inhaled, or by contact, possibly resulting in eye or
skin irritation.

Toxicity
The level or poisonous or toxic effect of a material.

Translucent
Transmitting light but obscuring clear vision.
Permitting light to come through but diffusing it so that objects on the other side appear vague,
distorted or imperfect.

Transmittance
The ability of the glass to pass light and/or heat, usually expressed in percentages (visible
transmittance, thermal transmittance, etc.).

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Transom
A horizontal framing bar between glass panes. It can also be used to refer to a fanlight over a door.
Window used over the top of a door or window, primarily for additional light and aesthetic value.
A horizontal transverse beam or bar in a frame; a crosspiece separating a door or the like from a
window or fanlight above it. Also, a window above a door or other window built on and commonly
hinged to a transom.

Transparent
Clear, permitting vision
Permitting light to come through without distortions so that objects on the other side can be seen
clearly.

Trim Ring
Ring of molded plastic or bowed metal which covers the headliner and secures the sunroof to a
vehicle.

Triple glazing
Use of three panes of glass or plastic with two airspaces between. Generally refers to a sealed
insulating unit.

True divided lites (TDLs)

Traditional window construction incorporating smaller panes of glass actually separated by muntins,
rather than simulating such an appearance with larger lites of glass and a muntin grid or grille placed
between or on the surfaces of the glass layers.

Tubular/Hollow PVC
An extrusion technique used for PVC windows to increase structural strength.

Turret Cutter
A cutter head with more than one cutting wheel.

Twist
A crack which occurs when the windshield is twisted, either by flexing in the vehicle frame or because
of improper mounting. It can be helped along if the windshield has a nick in the edge.

Two-Part Adhesive/Urethane
A type of adhesive that has two component parts, hardener and resin. In auto glass adhesives, there
are two-part urethanes and two-part adhesives. Although they are different chemically, they do have
similar performance characteristics.

Two-step distributor
An industry term for a wholesale company which buys building products from the manufacturer and
sells them to lumberyards and home centers, which in turn sell to builders, contractors, and
homeowners. A wholesaler, which buys building products from a manufacturer and sells them to
builders, contractors, and homeowners, is referred to as a one-step distributor.

U-Channel Molding
A molding that allows water to be channeled up and over the vehicle instead of around the A pillar.

UDL
Abbreviation for "uniformly distributed load".

U-factor
Rate of heat flow-value through a building component, from room air to outside air. Also referred to as
U-value. The lower the U-factor, the better the insulating value. U-factor, a rating more generally used
in the window industry, is the reciprocal of R-value, a rating commonly used in the insulation industry.

Ultimate Elongation
Elongation at failure.

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Ultraviolet light (UV)
Invisible rays of solar radiation at the short-wavelength violet end of the spectrum. Ultraviolet rays can
cause fading of paint finishes, carpets and fabrics, as well as deterioration of some materials.
Invisible rays of solar radiation at the short-wavelength violet end of the spectrum. Ultraviolet rays can
cause fading of paint finishes, carpets, and fabrics, as well as deterioration of some materials.

Unibody Construction
A type of automobile construction. The strength of unibody construction does not lie only in the
structural frame but rather in the strength of the whole.

Uniform Bead
A consistent width and appearance of a substance (adhesive) applied to a surface.

Uniformly distributed load (UDL)

Pressure exerted uniformly across a pane of glass, for example a wind load.

Unit size
Overall dimensions of a window unit, including brick mould, subsill, etc., for primed units. Frame Size
and Unit Size are same for Clad Windsor products.

Unleaded Frit
A painted band around the perimeter of the glass applied with unleaded paint. It requires special
preparation before bonding.

uPVC
Poly Vinyl Chloride product commonly used in many construction products. The u added stands for
UNPLASTICIZED or rigid PVC. The u does NOT mean UV stabilized; ALL PVC is UV stabilized.
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, a rigid, chemically resistant form of PVC used for piping, window
frames, and other structures.

Urethane
A family of polymers ranging from rubbery to brittle. Usually formed by the reaction of a diisocyanate
with a hydroxyl; also called polyurethane.

Urethane Breakdown
Results when urethane is exposed to ultra-violet light. Urethane breakdown appears as a chalky black
powder on the surface of the hardened adhesive.

UV transmittance
The percentage of solar energy in the form of ultra-violet radiation transmitted by glazing.

U-value (U-Factor)
This is a measure of the rate of heat loss of a building component. It is expressed as Watts per square
metre, per degree Kelvin, W/m2K.
The measure of different structural components ability to conduct heat. The U-value of glass is
measured by the number of BTUs that will pass through each square foot area, per degree of
temperature difference, from one side of the glass to the other. U-values indicate how well the glass
will hold the heated or cooled air. The lower the U-value, the greater the glasss resistance to heat
flow, and the higher the insulating value. The U-value is the inverse of the R-Value.

Vacuum Cup
Suction cups used with cranes to lift glass by producing an airtight suction.
A tool used for picking up glass.

Vacuum Deposition
A process in which glass is placed in a vacuum chamber, electric energy is added, and a magnetic
reaction takes place that causes the metal atoms to strike the surface of the glass at high speeds.
The atoms coat the surface of the glass uniformly.

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V-Bead
Sealant or adhesive compound applied in a triangular shape to a surface.

Vent Panel
The panel that moves horizontally on a sliding door.

Vent Unit
A window unit that opens and closes.

Vertical glazing
Glazing which is either true vertical, or within 15 either side of true vertical.

Vertical run guide

A weatherstrip or channel that steers the door glass in the frame when the glass is raised or lowered.

Vertical Tempering
When the glass is supported by tongs as it moves vertically through a tempering furnace.

VIN Plate
A permanently installed plate, displaying the vehicle identification number, which is viewable through
the windshield from outside the vehicle.

Vinyl
Generic term for polyvinylchloride or PVC, an extruded material used for window and door framing.

Viscosity
The thickness of a liquid material. A measure of the flow properties of a liquid or paste. Example:
Honey is more viscous than water. Water, the standard of comparison, has a viscosity of 1100 of a
poise. Viscosity is tested by forcing the material through a determined hole and measuring the time it
takes to flow.

Visible spectrum
Part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelengths from approximately 380nm to 780nm, to
which the human eye is sensitive. The combined wavelengths of the visible spectrum resulting "white
light".

Visible Transmittance (VT)

A measurement of how much light comes through a product. VT is expressed as a number between 0
and 1. The higher the VT, the higher the potential for daylighting.
The percentage of visible light striking the glass that penetrates to the interior, expressed as a number
between 0 and 1.

Vision area
Areas of a faade which allow vision from the interior to the exterior.

Vulcanization
A process in which rubber is treated with chemicals to harden and strengthen it.

Wall Systems
A set of glass shelves often with cabinets or bureaus that can be variously arranged along a wall.

Warm-edge
Refers to the reduction of the thermal bridging effect around the perimeter of double-glazed units by
replacing the conventional aluminium cavity spacerbar with a low heat-conductive thermally insulating
cavity spacer.
A type of insulating glass construction using an air spacer offering lower thermal conductance than
traditional aluminum spacer. Warm-edge IG units typically offer higher resistance to condensation and
an incremental improvement in window energy performance.

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WDMA
Window and Door Manufacturers Association. Formerly the National Wood Window and Door
Association, this trade organization has established many standards related to wood window and door
products.

Weatherometer
An environmental chamber in which specimens are subjected to water spray and ultraviolet light.

Weatherstrip
A material used to seal the openings, gaps, or cracks of venting windows and doors to minimize water
and air infiltration.

Weatherstripping
A material or device used to seal the openings, gaps or cracks of venting window and door units to
prevent water and air infiltration. An item made of rubber or foam that insulates one space from
another.

Wedge Glazing
Interior, flexible, continuous, pressure fit gasket that insures a high compression seal between the
glass and aluminum, while applying pressure and seal to the outside architectural glazing tape.

Weep Hole
Holes in the sill of the glazing system that prevent accumulation of condensation and water.
A small opening in window or sill member through which water may drain to the building exterior.

Weighted noise reduction

A single figure rating for the sound insulation of building elements. Includes a weighting for the human
ear and measures actual sound transmittance.

Weld
A term used for a type of corner construction, used with vinyl and other types of windows and doors,
in which a small amount of material at the two pieces are melted or softened, then pushed together to
form a single piece. This also is referred to commonly as a fusion-weld.

Wet glazed
A typical method using a stop with a glazing compound to make the seal.

Wet Glazing
A method of sealing glass in a frame by use of sealants rather than dry-glazing gaskets.

Wheel Cutter
The most common type of hand glass cutter.

Wildland/urban interface
An area where buildings are bounded by wild or natural areas, which are a particular concern in
regions where wild fires are a concern. Some fire and code officials are looking at the establishment of
fire-resistance requirements for exterior building products in these "interface" areas.

Wind load
The pressure, positive or negative, acting on an external surface of a building caused by the direct
action of the wind. Commonly expressed as N/m2.
Force exerted by winds on building panels and complete structures; may be inward (positive) or
outward (negative).

Windload
The force of wind against the exposed surfaces of the structure. Expressed in pounds per square foot
(psf).

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Window Energy Rating (WER)
A scheme launched in 2004 by the British Fenestration Rating Council (BFRC), to assess the whole
window energy performance of a window including all the components that make up the window.

windows.

Windshield Repair
The act of repairing a break in a windshield, or other laminated auto glass part, rather than replacing it.
Windshield repair is a permanent process that removes the air from the break and fills it with a
curable, optically matched resin. Same as auto glass repair.

Wired Glass
Rolled glass with a layer of meshed or stranded wire completely imbedded. Available as polished
glass and patterned glass. Approved polished wired glass is used as a transparent or translucent fire
protection-rated glazing option. The wire keeps the fragments from falling out of the frame when
broken.
Made by feeding a welded wire net of a particular design into the molten glass just before it enters the
roller. The wire holds the lite (or pane) in the sash in case it shatters.

Wiring Harness
A number of wires bundled together, with a common connector, to provide electrical power to various
devices.

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