1. .

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTSIKKIM MANIPAL

INSTITUTE 0F TECHNOLOGYMAJITAR, RANGPO, EAST SIKKKIM-737136
2. 2. INTRODUCTIONTHERMAL POWER PLANT OVERVIEWELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENTS AND CONCEPTS SLD AND FLOW CYCLESSITE SELECTION FOR
THERMAL POWERPLANTADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESIN THIS
PRESENTATION
3. 3. India is one of the worlds largest consumer ofenergy Conventional sources:
Thermal, Hydro andNuclear. Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal.
Installed capacity 1,61,352MW Thermal = 95151.74MW Nuclear = 4,120MW Hydro
= 36877.76MW solar = 1324.41MW Annual power production 680 billion
KWHINTRODUCTION
4. 4. Break up of Power Thermal Power Plants 75% Hydro Electric Power Plants - 20%
Nuclear Power Plants - 4% Solar power plants 1% Installed wind power Generation
9655MW 30% to 40% of electrical power is lost intransmission and distribution
5. 5. OPERATIONAL FEATURESINSIDE THE POWER PLANT
6. 6. CoalChemicalEnergySuper HeatedSteamPollutantsThermalEnergyTurbineTorqueHeat
LossInCondenserKineticEnergyElectricalEnergyAlternating currentin StatorMech.Energy
LossASHHeatLossElet. EnergyLossSIMPLE STEPS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION:
7. 7. Operations In Thermal Power StationStep wise operations in a thermalpower plant are
as follows:-Coal is used as a fuel to boil thewater.Water is boiled to formpressurized
steam.Pressurized steam is the force thatcause the turbine to rotate at a veryhigh
speed.Low pressure steam after pushingthrough the turbine ,its going intothe
condenser.Condenser the place where thesteam is condensed back it its liquidform
.Then the process isrepeated
8. 8. Coal StorageCoal HandlingPlantAsh StorageAsh HandlingPlant Boiler
SuperHeaterEconomizerAirPre-heaterGenerator
ExciterTurbineChimneyCoolingTowerMake
upWaterAirCoalAshCOALASHSTEAMWATERFLUE GASESBoiler
feedpumpCondenserCEPDeaeratorESP
9. 9. Main parts of the plant are :1. Coal handling Plant2. DM Plant3. Boiler4. Super
heater5. Air preheater andEconomizer6. Deaerator7. Turbine8. Condenser9. Cooling
towers10. Electrostatic precipitator11. Smoke stack(Chimney)12. Generator13.
Transformers14. Control room &SwitchyardCOMPONENTS
10. 10. Ground HopperV1 V2 V3DRCI/CRSCPRIMARY CRUSHER HOUSESECOND.
CRUSHER HOUSESMBUNKER
11. 11. DOUBLE ROLL CRUSHER IMPACT CRUSHER VIBRATING SCREEN
CONVEYOR MAGNETIC SEPERATOR VIBRO FEEDERS
12. 12. DOUBLE ROLL CHRUSHER
13. 13. IMPACT CRUSHER CHP
14. 14. VIBRATING SCREEN CHP-2
15. 15. PROTECTION DEVICES ZERO SPEEDS/W, PULL CORD & BELT SWAY S/W
16. 16. ZSS:- Zero speed s/w is used to detect jamming/slow speeding of motor, shaft &
therebystopping the motor automatically. PULL CORD:- Pull cord switch also known
asRope Operated Emergency switch is used as asafety switch to stop the conveyor belt
in case ofan emergency.PROTECTION DEVICES ZERO SPEEDS/W, PULL CORD &
BELT SWAY S/W
17. 17. BSS:- Belt Sway Switch is a protective switch fordetecting the meandering (sway or
deviation) of beltconveyors, and sends out an alarm signal and anemergency stop
signal.Suited to be used for belt breakage prevention whenrunning out of centre &
overfeed prevention due to thebelt sway.Emergency switch: it is present in the field.
One canoperate it while some maintenance is going on.
18. 18. DM PLANTThe main aim of the DM Plant is to de-mineralize theraw water coming
from a water source (in this caseKharu river nearby) from any mineral presence
bychemical dosing which may be harmful to the pipelineand boilers.Cooling tower also
comes under DM Plant.
19. 19. Cooling Tower The warm water is taken from thecondenser tubes to about a
quarterof the way up the cooling tower. This breaks the water up into avery fine spray,
 increasing thesurface area of the water dropletsmaking it easier to cool. The cooling
tower is designed as anatural draught chimney, drawingcold air from outside through
thefalling water. Cool water is collected in pond atthe bottom of the cooling tower. From
here it is pumped back tothe condensers .
20. 20. To produce steam boiler convertsenergy, in the form of coal, into steam The boiler
is lined with steel tubing inwhich pure boiler feed water is turnedto steam by the heat
created from theburning of coalThis plant contains two types of boilersnamely:I.
AFBC(Atmospheric Fluidized BedCombustion)II. WHRB(Waste Heat Recovery
Boiler)Boiler
21. 21. AFBC #1 =125TPH, 490 c,65kg/cmAFBC #2 =75 TPH, 490 c,65kg/cmWHRB
#1=37TPH, 490 c,65kg/cmWHRB #2=37TPH, 490 c,65kg/cmWHRB#3=11.5TPH, 490
c,65kg/cmWHRB#4=11.5TPH, 490 c,65kg/cmBoiler details :TPH=TONNES PER
HOUR
22. 22. Waste Heat RecoveryBoiler(WHRB):-In this type the products of combustionpass
through the tubes which aresurrounded by water.Atmospheric Fluidized
BedCombustion(AFBC):-In this type of boiler water flows insidethe tubes and hot gases
flow outside thetubes. These tubes are interconnected tocommon water channels and to
steamoutlet.BOILERS:The AFBC boilers have many advantages over the
WHRBboilersHigh evaporation capacity due to availability of large
heatingsurface.Better heat transfer to the mass of water.Better efficiency of plant owing
to rapid and uniformcirculation of water in tubes.Better overall control.
23. 23. This fan forces the atmospheric airthrough the boiler furnace andpushes out the hot
gases from thefurnace through superheater,reheater, economizer and air heaterto
stacks.Forced Draught (FD) Fan Here a fan called ID fan isprovided at the outlet of
boiler,that is, just before the chimney.This fan sucks hot gases from thefurnace through
the superheaters,economizer, reheater anddischarges gas into the chimney.Induced
Draught (ID) FanBOILER AUXILLARY :Primary air fans (PA) are high pressure fans
used tosupply the air for the transportation of coal directly tothe furnace .Primary air (PA)
fan:-
24. 24. ECONOMISERFlue gases coming out of the boiler carrieslot of
heat.ECONOMISER extracts a part of heatfrom the flue gases and uses for heating
thefeed water.Thus improves efficiency of plant.Temp. inside ECONOMISER is about
315deg c.
25. 25. SUPER HEATERSuper heater is used to remove the moisture contentfrom the
steam.Super heater raises the temperature of steam above 540 degree C.Advantages
of super heater1. Increases efficiency2. Reduces corrosion of turbine blades.
26. 26. AIR PREHEATER It is used to preheat the air before enteringinto furnace.It is a
heat exchanger in which somefurtherheat is extracted from the flue gases anduse to heat
the coming air for combustion.
27. 27. BOILER CIRCUIT WITH ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
28. 28. It is designed to trap and removedust particles from the exhaustgas stream of an
industrialprocess.. Precipitators typically collect99.9% or more of the dust fromthe gas
stream.
29. 29. Corona GenerationParticle ChargingParticle CollectionRemoval Of ParticlesThe
Precipitation Process Involves4 Main Functions:-
30. 30. +++++++-----------+++++++-------+++++++-------+++++++------+++++++-------
collectingrapperTransformer(415/60kv)emittingTowardID fanFlue gasFunctions OF
ESPTO ASH SILOCHIMNEYCORONAheavier ashparticleslighter ashparticlesINLET =
80 g/m OUTLET = 50 mg/mDUSTLEVEL/STACKLEVELASHSILOINSULATOR
31. 31. Main Components of Typical TG SETconsists of:1. Permanent Magnet
Generator(PMG)2. Automatic Voltage Regulator(AVR)3. BRUSHLESS EXCITER4.
GEAR BOX5. ALTERNATER6. TURBINETURBINE GENERATOR
32. 32. EXCITERGEARBOXALTENATORPMGTURBINEAVR3 SUPPLYTO LOADINLET
TEMP = 484 5 CINLET PRS = 62-65KG/cmSPEED= 7000 RPMTURBINE
GENERATOR SETSTEAMcoupling
33. 33. PMG3supply toloadAVR 3 AC+-RECTIFIERDC SUPPLYDC
SUPPLYSTATOR=MAGNETICFIELDROTOR= EMF
 STEAMBRUSHLESSEXCITERALTERNATORTURBINEROTOR= FIELDSTATOR
=EMFWORKING OF TUBINE GENERATORstator=PMFieldexciterswitch
34. 34. DVMDFMCC FREQUENCY CONTROLVOLTAGE CONTROLINCREASE
DECREASE INCREASE DECREASE11KV11.2KV11.2KV49.8 HZ50 HZ50 HZTG
SYNCHRONIZATION11KV BUSGRIDGENSKE relay
35. 35. PHASENEUTRALSWITCHOVERLOAD RELAYCONTACTOR
COIL(K1)STOPNCHOLDINGNODIRECT ONLINE STATERSTARTNO
36. 36. WORKING OF STAR DELTA STARTERYR Y BRMA2A1 B1 C1C2B2Y B
37. 37. CB1250ATG3TG2TG1CB3150ACB1600A11 KV BUSSAT#111/6.6KV387.8A6.6KV
BUS415 V PCCSAT#611/6.6KV387.8ASAT#211/6.6KV387.8A15 MW18.75MVA11KV37
MW46.25MVA11KV7.5 MW10MVA11KVSAT#
36.6/433KV218.7AFERROSMSAFBC#1LOADSAFBC#2LOADSWHRBSLOADSKILNSE
LECTRICAL SLD FOR 60 MW6.6 KV MOTORS132 KV GRID25 MVA11/132
KVTRAFOSBC1BC2BC3BC4CB1600ACB1600ACB1600ASAT#
46.6/433KV218.7ASAT# 56.6/433KV218.7ASAT# 56.6/433KV218.7A
38. 38. 11KV/132 KVsGENERATORDISTRIBUTION11KV/415VTRANSFORMER11
KVRAIPUR BHILAI DURG BILASPURUTILIZATIONHOUSEINDUSTRIES MALLS
/SHOPS11 KV132KV/ 11KVTRANSFORMER11 KV5/3/2013
39. 39. OIL TANKOVERHEADTANKOILCOOLERLUBE OIL
FILTERTURBINEGEARBOXGENOILPUMP
40. 40. Circulating Water Pumps The circulating water pumps are usedto circulate the water
from thecooling tower to the condenser andback againBoiler Feed Pump The boiler feed
pump pumps waterinto the boiler, overcoming the boilerpressure of 160 bar to achieve it
The pump is driven by a steamturbine or an electric motor It runs at 7,000 revolutions
perminute
41. 41. Low Pressure Feed Heaters Feed water from the condensateextraction pumps
passes through lowpressure feed heaters. Steam is usedto heat the feed water After the
last feed heater, the feedwater is at around 160C.High Pressure Feed Heaters With a
similar purpose to the lowpressure feed heaters, the highpressure feed heaters are the
laststage of feed water heating before thefeed water enters the boiler system atthe
economizer Feed water leaving these heaters is at250C
42. 42. Condenser With its useful energy spent in theturbines the steam then passes
tocondensers Here it is condensed back into waterand pumped back to the boiler This
happens via a series of lowpressure and high pressure feedheatersCondensate
Extraction Pump The condensate water is drawn fromthe condenser by the extraction
pumpand sent to the low pressure feedheatersDeaerator A deaerator is a device that
iswidely used for the removal of airand other dissolved gases fromthe feed water to
steam-generating boiler.
43. 43. 132 KV SWITCHYARD47
44. 44. Electrical switchyards are usually part of a substationwhere electricity is transformed
from one voltage toanother for the transmission, distribution.48
45. 45. MAIN COMPONENTS
OFSWITCHYARD1.TRANSFORMER2.CURRENTTRANSFORMER3.POTENTIALTRAN
SFORMER4.CIRCUIT BREAKER5.ISOLATOR6.INSULATOR7.LIGHTNING
ARRESTOR8.BUS BAR 49
46. 46. TRANSFORMERTransformer is the mostconvenient device for transferof power from
one voltage toanother voltage at the samefrequency. It works on theprinciple of
electromagneticinduction.50Transformers are of two types:STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
Step-up the voltage at secondary side called step up transformer.STEP-DOWN
TRANSFORMER Step-down the voltage at secondary side are called step-
downtransformer.
47. 47. CT is a type of instrument transformerthat is used in power system formeasurement,
detection, protection ofthe system.It is a device used to measure largecurrent by scaling
large primary currentto a smaller , easy to measure,secondary current.51CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
48. 48. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERThese are used to step-down voltage formeasurement
.52
49. 49. A circuit breaker is anautomatically-operated electricalswitch designed to protect
anelectrical circuit from damagecaused by overload or short circuit.Its basic function is to
detect afault condition and, by interruptingcontinuity, to immediatelydiscontinue electrical
flow.It can make or break a circuiteither manually or by remoteunder normal or fault
conditions.53CIRCUIT BREAKER
50. 50. It is a disconnection switch and tobe operated on no load.An isolator switch is used
to makesure that an electrical circuit canbe completely de-energized forservice or
maintenance54ISOLATOR
51. 51. It provide electricalisolation of theequipment, bus bar,and circuit from thelive parts
formaintenancepurpose.55USES OF ISOLATOR
52. 52. An insulator, also called a dielectric,is a material that resists the flow
ofelectriccurrent.In insulating materialsalliance electrons are tightly-bonded to their
atoms.Insulator provides necessaryinsulation between lineconductor and
support.56INSULATOR
53. 53. LIGHTNING ARRESTERA lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power
systemsto protect the insulation on the system from the damagingeffect of lightningUSES
OF LIGHTNING ARRESTERIt protect the equipment from lightning stroke.Lightning
arrester is used to provide path tounwanted excessive currents.57
54. 54. BUSBARConductors to which anumber of circuits areconnected called bus-Bars.In
power plants, shut downresults disconnection ofsupply to a large are.Hence to avoid shut
downthe major plants shouldhave elaborate bus bararrangement with duplicatebuses.58
55. 55. USES OF BUSBARBus bar are used to carryhigh current.59
56. 56. Fuel used is cheaper Smaller space is required compared to hydro powerplant
Economical in initial cost compared to hydro plantsand running costs are less compared
to gas plants ordiesel plants Thermal plants can be placed near load centers unlikehydro
and nuclear plants. Hence transmission ofpower losses can be minimized Thermal
plants are able to respond to the loaddemand more effectively and supports
theperformance of the electrical gridADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWERPLANT
57. 57. SITE SELECTION Transportation network: Easy and enough access
totransportation network is required in both power plantconstruction and operation
periods. Geology and soil type: The power plant should be built in anarea with soil and
rock layers that could stand the weight andvibrations of the power plant. Topography: It
is proved that high elevation has a negativeeffect on production efficiency of gas
turbines. In addition,changing of a sloping area into a flat site for the constructionof the
power plant needs extra budget. Therefore, theparameters of elevation and slope should
be considered.
58. 58. Water resources: For the construction and operating ofpower plant different
volumes of water are required. Thiscould be supplied from either rivers or underground
waterresources. Therefore having enough water supplies indefined vicinity can be a
factor in the selection of the site.Population centers: For the same reasons as above,
thesite should have an enough distance from populationcenters. Area size: Before any
other consideration, the minimumarea size required for the construction of power
plantshould be defined.
59. 59. Thanks toMr. G.S. BHATIA(HOD POWER)Mr. M. SUBBA RAO(G.M.
ELECTRICAL)Mr. B.D.MISHRA(Sr.DGM. C&I )Mr. H.M.GUTPA(Sr.DGM. MECH )Mr.
N.V. SREENIVAS(Sr. DGM. OPERATION)
60. 60. ANDSpecial Thanks to:Mr. B.L.VERMA(MANAGER)Mr. D.CHAKRABARTY(DY.
MANAGER)Mr. U.K.CHOBEY(DY. MANAGER)Mr. C.K.SONI (Sr. Engineer)Mr. S SINGH
(Sr. Engineer)Mr. AMRINDER SANDHU(Engineer)And all staffs & workers of power
plant.
61. 61. DOUBLE ROLL CRUSHERMaterial to be crushed:-CoalCapacity :- 80TPHFeed Size
< 150mmProduct size < 50mm (90%)RPM:- 173.73Make:-SAYAJI/ELECON
62. 62. TECHNICAL DETAIL OF I/CR CAPACITY :-75TPH SIZE:-1000Dia X 1000W
MATERIAL :-Coal, Char FEED SIZE:-< 40mm PRODUCT SIZE:-< 6mm (65%) RPM:-
762
63. 63. WORKING PRINCIPLES:FARADAYS LAW OF
ELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTION.WHEN EVER CONDUCTOR IS ROTATED IN
 MAGNETIC FILED,EMF IS INDUCED WHICH ARE INDUCED EMF .1) CONDUCTORS
OF ELECTRICITY2) MAGNETIC FIELD3) CHANGE IN MAGNETIC FIELD
64. 64. CORONA GENERATION DUE TO THE IONISATION OF GAS MOLECULES, + VE
IONS, -VE IONS ANDFREE ELECTRONS ARE GENERATED.
65. 65. ESP - PARTICLE CHARGING THE -VE CHARGES OF IONS AND FREE
ELECTRONS TRAVEL TOWARDS +VE ELECTRODE AND THE+VE CHARGES OF
IONS TRAVEL TOWARDS -VE ELECTRODES. WHEN -VE IONS TRAVEL TOWARDS
+VE ELECTRODES, THE -VE CHARGES GET ATTACHED TO THEDUST PARTICLES
AND THUS THE DUST PARTICLES ARE ELECTRICALLY CHARGED,