Wireless Communication System For Energy Meter Reading Seminar Report

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR ENERGY METER READING SEMINAR REPORT
MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Page 1
ABSTRACT
Energy meter reading is a tedious and an expensive affair. The meter reader has to go and
take the reading manually to issue the bill, which will later be entered in the software to
automate the billing and payment system. It would have reduced the laborious task and
financial wastage if can automate the manual meter reading process and bill data entry
process. This paper proposes a new network communication system for energy meter reading
by integrating communication technology and software system along with the existing
meters. A wireless or wired communication system will be integrated with electronic energy
meter to have remote access over the usage of electricity. Even though they are two different
modules, energy meter deliver the reading details as on when it demands by the
communication system. The communication system is further connected with electricity
regional/sub-regional office, which will rather act as a base station. Instead of creating a
separate communication system and backbone, any of the secure existing communication
service infrastructures may also be utilized to avoid any initial investments. The
communication channel is identified by the consumer’s number and it is secured by any
cryptographic standards. Base office can verify the energy meters performance by checking
the day to day consumption of energy. This will also help to avoid any tampering or break
down of energy meter.

INTODUCTION
Even after closing all the doors of thefting and tampering of the electricity by taking
number of measures such as introduction of electronic meters, the cost of electricity is still
rising. This is due to the lack of professionalism in handling the distribution and measuring
system and generous administrative expenses. Present energy meter reading is a tedious and
an expensive affair as a number of meter readers has to go and take the reading manually
(from the consumer’s house) to issue the bill, which will later be entered in the software to
automate the billing and payment system. Moreover the chance of tampering the reading
details and not reporting the theft attempts are very common. Another major disadvantage with
the existing system is that if one electronic energy meter breaks down, the office will come to
know only after two or even more months depending on the liability of the person who is
going to take the reading of consumer, to repair or replace the damaged meter. This paper
proposes a network communication system for energy meter reading by integrating
communication technology and software system with the existing meters, which is expected
to reduce both electricity measuring and administrative expenses drastically. Wired or
wireless communication system will be integrated with Electronic Energy Meter (EEM) to
measure the usage of electricity remotely even from the office. Even though they are two
different modules, energy meter delivers the reading details as on when demanded by the
communication system. The communication system is further connected with electricity
regional/sub-regional office, which will rather act as a base station to measure the supply of
electricity even without the intervention of meter reader. Instead of creating a separate
communication system and backbone, any of the secure existing communication service
infrastructures may also be utilized to reduce any overhead expense that comes in installing
the proposed system. The communication channel is identified by the consumer’s number
and it is secured by any encryption standards. At any time base office can verify the energy
meters performance by checking the day to day consumption of energy so as to avoid any
tampering or break down of energy meter.

HISTORY AND ART OF ENERGY METERS
 ELECTRO MECHANICAL TYPE ENRGY METER
An energy meter is a device used to measure the amount of energy supplied to a particular
load. Most commonly energy is measured in Kilowatt Hours (KWH). The present energy
billing system in India uses both electromechanical energy meters and digital energy meters.
Electromechanical energy meter the most traditional and widely used energy meter is the
electromechanical energy meter. This energy meter works on the principle of electro-
mechanical induction explained further below. Figure 1 shows an electromechanical meter.
Fig.1 Electromechanical Energy Meter
The construction of an electromechanical energy meter consists of three electrical circuits,

magnetically coupled, two of them fixed and one rotating around the mechanical axis of the
system. The two fixed circuits are the voltage and the current coils. The third circuit is the
Aluminium rotating disk which is mounted on a rigid axis. When the aluminum disk rotates,
the disk axis will transmit the disk rotation to a mechanical counter which provides the
energy display.

 DIGITAL ENERGY METER

Another way to measure electricity is with a digital energy meter. Figure 2 shows a block
diagram of digital energy meter. In Figure 2 the alternating current (AC) is supplied through
the current transformer (CT) and the potential transformer (PT) so that any sudden changes in
the voltage and currents will not affect the energy meter. These transformers also step down
the voltage and the current to circuit levels. The output of the CT and PT is supplied to
Energy Meter IC which generates the pulses according to the energy supplied to it. The pulse
output of the Energy Meter IC is supplied to the microcontrollers counter pin so that the
microcontroller can count the number of pulses and calculate the energy supplied to the
consumer. Software burned on to the microcontroller performs the usage calculations (Loss,
1998). The LCD display is used to display the number of units consumed by the consumer.
The digital energy meter has solved many of the problems with Electro-Mechanical Energy
Meter. The major disadvantage of the digital energy meter is that it does not address the
billing which is a labour consuming process.
Fig. 2 Digital Energy Meter

 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Proposed system is illustrated in the Figure 3, which has three main modules, Consumer’s
Automatic Electronic Energy Meter (AEEM), Communication System, and a Base Station.
Before elaborating further on the proposed protocol, the notations used in this model are
defined below. AEEM are used to measure the supply or usage of the
electricity. The EEM is embedded with Automatic Commication
Device (ACD), which can be relying on both wired and/or
wireless technology. Since AEEM is a
combination of two independent modules,
breakdown of one will not affect the
Fig. 3 Proposed Communication System

working of other. If the energy meter breaks
down, no signal will be received by ACD,
and this error will be reported to the base station; and if ACD breaks down, no signal will be
received by the base station, and their software will report for urgent repair. AEEM is
identified by its unique consumer’s number. At a time ACD will be in any one of the
active/idle/sleep mode. ACD is empowered with a Lithium battery to have an uninterrupted
service and for a specific time (say 10:00 AM to 04:00 PM) to increase the life time of the
device. During the idle mode almost 70% of the components will be in working mode. After
the stipulated time, the device will go to sleep mode where almost 90% of the components
are not in the working state. Figure 4
shows the state diagram of AEEM. Even
during the sleep mode if any emergency
request comes, it will move to active state
to deliver the request. If any attempt is
made to tamper the AEEM, the device
will move to active mode to send an
emergency message to base office and it
will make alarm till it freezes with Fig 4. State diagram
authorized message from base station or
when physically destroyed. In both conditions base station’s intervention is required to
reconnect the same and Tampere’s is going to have nice punishments. Base station is the
place where all the AEEM are controlled

with the help of software; this paper calls it as Energy Meter Controller (EMC). Every day
EMC will take the reading with the help of AEEM and store the information in their
database. Monthly or bimonthly bill will be generated automatically as the parameters are set.
Entire or part of operating system or software or parameters can set/reset/reinstalled from the
EMC room itself. The authorized persons can take the list of repair list and tamper black list,
so as to take necessary actions to avoid any further loss or theft of electricity. If standing
instructions, credit/debit card or any prepaid scheme is integrated with EMC, queue in front
of bill payment section can also be avoided. Typical transmission system is shown in Figure
(4). Communication systems are the backbone used by the base station and AEEM to send
and receive messages/requests. Backbone such as any of wired (optical/cable) or wireless
(GSM/CDMA/other 3G protocols) or both can be used. CID: Consumer’s Identification is a
unique number to identify the AEEM.
All the communication and other
messages are identified by using this
identification number .KB: Private of
the base station. Consumers and Base
station has got a private key generated
by trusted authorities of base station.
The private key of the consumer will
be embedded in the AEEM as on when
it is installed in a reprogrammable
Fig.5 Typical Transmission system
manner. That is consumer cannot
separate or squeeze out the private key from their device. But AEEMs will be able use this
private key for any secure transaction. CertKB(CID): The digital certificate issued by base
station to the consumer based on CID and base station’s private key. ESB(R): The report R is
encrypted using private key of B, SB ACK: Acknowledgement is sent while receiving the
message/report. When it comes to the communication to control or manage the proposed
system, mainly four situations arises which needs special attention.
(1) Daily Report: This is a report regarding the usage of electricity by a consumer. If
no responds from the AEEM, EMC will come to a conclusion that the ACD is not
functioning properly and it requires urgent attention. Figure 6(A) shows the transaction
details for generating daily report. Upon receiving the request for daily report, AEEM will
send an encrypted message, ESB(R), and a digital certificate issued by base station, B, when
parameters are set in ACP. If B is able to decrypt the report successfully, then ACK will send.

(2) Tampering: when anyone tries to

intrude, by breaking the hardware or
software of AEEM, a tempering message
will be send by encrypting using the
AEEM’s private key, along with their
digital signature. Figure 6(B) shows
Fig.6Comm. b/w AEEM & EMC
the transaction details. If B is able to
decrypt successfully, corresponding CID will be reported and placed in the black list and
ACK will be send.
(3) Change of Parameters: Specifically predefined parameters in the AEEM can be
changed (set or reset) by EMC, for the updation and smooth running of AEEM. Encryption
techniques are used to ensure the security of the communication.
(4) In the AEEM, three kinds of softwares are used.
(a) System Initialization of Software (SIS), which is the basic system level software that will
run all the time (even during the sleep mode) requires very less resources (say 50%), which
cannot be reinstalled from the EMC (b) Operating system (OS) in the AEEM in designed to
run with the available restricted resources and can be reinstalled from EMC with the help of
SIS. (c) Control Software (CS) can be installed or uninstalled with the help of OS, which
actually encrypts/decrypts or sending/ receiving the reports from EEM and so on. EMC can
set / reset the parameters in the CS. Figure (5) shows the communication between AEEM,
AECP, and EMC.
Fig. 7 Comm. b/w AEEM, AECP & EMC

HOW SMART METRERS WORK
Fig.8 Working of smart meter
As soon as a customer's traditional meter is removed and replaced with a smart meter, the
newly installed smart meter begins recording electricity consumption data in hourly intervals.
What makes these meters "smart" is that they can be remotely programmed to report data in
time-of-use blocks as well as the more traditional total kilowatt-hour register read. Upon
installation, the smart meter also begins communicating with collectors and other smart
meters via its internal 900 MHz radio, which is capable of sending and receiving messages.
The 900 MHz radio signal is the same technology used in other wireless products in your
home such as cordless phones and wireless internet devices. Each group of meters and their
collector communicate via a Local Area Network (LAN). Smart meters perform two tasks;
they measure the customer's electricity usage and act as repeaters for neighboring meters. In
this way, each meter doesn't have to talk directly to the collector. Instead, meters in between
the most distant meters relay the messages. This relaying of messaging between meters is
known as "hopping." In our system, the data may hop up to eight times from meter to meter
to communicate with a collector. Hopping allows the LAN to maximize communication
distances.
Collectors

The collector, installed in a PVC box and mounted on one of our hydro poles, receives
consumption data wirelessly from approximately 500 surrounding smart meters. This
consumption data is transferred from the collector to the Advanced Metering Central
Computer (AMCC) by another wireless communication medium called a Wide Area Network
(WAN). Although the WAN serves a similar purpose to the LAN, it is able to transfer data
further
Advanced Metering Central Computer (AMCC)
Horizon Utilities' smart meter read schedules are maintained by our AMCC, located in the
Customer Connections Department at our John Street of office. The AMCC sends daily
messages to the collector units to communicate all of the reads for its meters via the WAN.
The system reads all residential meters each night, and obtains a demand read for commercial
customers once per month. The WAN gathers data from all of our collectors, which are
strategically located throughout the city. WAN options that we researched as part of our
Smart Meter Pilot Project included: cable networks, wireless modems, Wi-Fi and bre optics.
After carefully assessing and testing each option, we decided to use wireless modems as our
WAN technology.
Provincial Meter Data Management/Repository
The provincial MDM/R system is currently being established. The MDM/R project is being
coordinated and managed by the Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO). As
dictated by the timing of the billing schedule, or upon request by Horizon Utilities, the
MDM/R system will send bill-ready files to us for processing and billing through our CIS.
Billing
To ensure the accuracy of customer data, every Horizon meter will be assigned a unique
Service Delivery Point Identification (SDPID) number to identify itself to the MDM/R
system. Using these numbers, the CIS will validate that metering and customer information is
consistent between our AMCC and the provincial MDM/R system. Once time-of-use rates
come into effect, Horizon Utilities will use the data collected by the smart meter to bill
customers according to when they use electricity.

Fig.9 General Schematic diagram

The Smart Meter goes beyond the basics

of monitoring, allowing us to offer you a
variety of new and future benefits to
better serve you. There’s no additional
charge or fee associated with resetting
your new Smart Meter. In fact, you don’t
have to be at home. If you’re at home, you
may notice a brief interruption of power,
which shouldn’t last more than a few
minutes. We’ll notify you by mail in
Fig.10 General Schematic diagram
advance and leave a note on your door
once your meter is reset. You can rely on us to continue delivering you reliable power at the
flip of a switch, read your bills accurately and deliver your bills on time.


Fig.11 Energy meter close external view
TOTAL SYSTEM
Total system consist of two sides
 Consumer side
 Authority side
CONSUMER SIDE UNIT
The consumer side unit consists of the energy meter, the prepaid card and the wireless
transceiver set. The meter measures and displays the instantaneous load. The prepaid card
contains the number of units that the consumer can consume before recharging, and the
wireless set communicates between the meter unit and the authority side unit.

Fig.12 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CONSUMER SIDE
Consumer side consist of

 Microcontroller .AT89s52
 EEPROM Chip .AT24C04
 RS232 driver . MAX232
 Relay driver . ULN2003 . 7 channel Darlington pair
 RF module . MICRF620 . 433 MHZ transceiver
 Relay . 200 ohms,230 volts - 7 Amps
 LCD Display . 2x 16 characters
 LED Display.
 Energy meter IC
Microcontroller
In the present project the microcontroller is used to count the pulses coming from the energy
meter IC, to receive and transmit data over the serial port, to process the received data, to
write the data onto the EEPROM chip, to display the consumed units on to the LCD screen
and to turn on or turn off the supply to the load depending on the units in the EEPROM Chip.
Counting of the pulses is done by the timer/counter unit; reception and transmission of data is
done using the UART (serial Port).
The key features of AT89s52 microcontroller are:
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters,
 Eight Interrupt Sources and Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
EEPROM (AT24C04)
The AT24C04 provides 4096 bits of serial electrically erasable and programmable read-only
memory (EEPROM) organized as 512words of 8 bits each. The key feature of model
AT24C04 for this project is that it is accessed via a two-wire serial interface.
Energy Meter IC
Energy Meter IC which generates the pulses according to the energy supplied to it. The pulse
output of the Energy Meter IC is supplied to the microcontroller’s counter pin so that the
microcontroller can count the number of pulses and calculate the energy supplied to the
consumer.
AUTHORITY SIDE UNIT
The Authority Side unit contains minimum hardware. It just consists of an RF transceiver
connected to the serial port of a computer which is programmed to do the recharging and
database maintenance of each consumer and load. The circuit diagram of the authority side
unit is shown below.

Fig.13 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AUTHORITY SIDE
The radio frequency (RF) transceiver connected to a computer at the authority side will
receive the data and transmit to a computer. This computer is programmed to process the
stored data and recharge the required meter using a wireless communication (transceiver). In
the first case the transceiver acts as receiver and in the second case it acts as a transmitter.
Database for all the accounts is maintained which is used to study the usage pattern of each
consumer and feeder. This would help in calculating the average power usage, load shedding,
and estimate line losses
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Communication system is used to connect the energy meter and the base/control station.
There are several communication methods like Communication using RF transceivers,

GSM. For this communication we have to follow wireless protocol to avoid collision and
confusion
 WIRELESS PROTOCOL
To avoid data collision and confusion, an appropriate protocol has been designed. A protocol
transmission consists of four blocks: start and stop bytes, meter identification number,
command and the actual data. To start the communication a start byte is sent. The start byte is
“*” Following the start byte, the meter identification number is sent. The meter identification
number consists of five blocks. They are the master id, feeder id, zone id, transformer id
and the meter id. Every substation in the city is given a three digit number from 000-999
called master id. This master id can be any number of digits depending on the number of
substations present in the city. Every feeder in the substation is given a number from 0-9
called feeder id, assuming that the maximum number of feeders in the substation is nine. The
region supplied by each feeder is divided into zones and each zone is given a single digit
number from 0-9 called zone id. Assume that the maximum number of zones supplied by
each feeder is nine. The secondary distribution transformers in each zone are given two digit
numbers from 00- 99 called transformer id. Assume that the maximum number of
transformers in each zone is 99. The energy meter installed at the customer premises are
given a four digit numbers from 0000-9999 called meter id. The number of digits in the
meter id will depend on the population density of the city. All of these (master id, feeder id,
zone id, transformer id, and the meter id) together is called the meter identification number.
The next byte is the command byte, which might be used to recharge units, request data or
reply to data requests, or provide a signal to cut-off supply to load when required. The actual
data comes next, followed by a stop byte. The stop byte character is “$”. The start and stop
bytes are chosen such that they will not appear in the actual data. The protocol is shown in
Table 1.

Start of protocol: “*”

Stop of protocol: “$”
Table 1. Wireless protocol to transmit the data
For example for the meter identification number 55526699876 the master id is 555, feeder id
is 2, zone id is 6, transformer id is 69 and the meter id is 9876.
The command signal may be R or D or C where
 R represents recharge/reply for recharge
 D represents request/reply for request of data
 C represents signal to cut-off supply to load
 RF TRANSCEIVERS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
As there are many RF transceivers available in the market so there no need to design a RF
transceiver circuit. Since a two way communication is necessary between the meter and the

authority station, a transceiver (combination of transmitter and a receiver) at both ends. For
this design, a MICREL transceiver was chosen which works at 433 MHz uses ‘Frequency
shift keying’ modulation and rate 9600 bps. To implement wireless communication between
every meter and the authority unit requires a RF transceiver for each meter. But allocating a
separate frequency for every transceiver is not efficient (Hickman, 2007), so an economical
method has been designed for communication. Instead, every meter has an RF transceiver
operating at the same frequency. Thus, when any data is transmitted, every other device could
receive that data, so there might be a data collision. To remove this problem, the meter unit
should decide whether that data just received is for that meter or not. Hence, each meter is
given an identification number which is ‘X’ bytes in length. The number of bytes can be
chosen depending on the density of the city or state etc.
Fig.14 RF Communication System
 GSM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Fig. 15 GSM communication system
 GSM MODEM SPECIFICATION

 Dual Band or Triband GSM GPRS modem (EGSM 900/1800MHz) / (EGSM
900/1800 / 1900 MHz )
 Designed for GPRS, data, fax, SMS and voice
applications
 Fully compliant with ETSI GSM Phase 2+
specifications (Normal MS)
Interfaces
 RS-232 through D-TYPE 9 pin connector

 Power supply through Molex 4 pin connector
 SMA antenna connector
 Toggle spring SIM holder
 Red LED Power on Fig.16 GSM Modem
 Green LED status of GSM / GPRS module
Utilizing an existing cellular network for data transportation requires no additional equipment
or software, resulting in a significant savings in both time and capital. Cellular technology
utilizes an encryption technique to prevent an outside source from receiving the transmitted
data. The cellular network provides full two-way communications, allowing scheduled reads,
demand reads, alarm and event reporting, power outage reporting and power restoration
reporting.
BILL & PRICING

Fig. 17 Bill
Instead of charging a flat rate for energy consumption, dynamic pricing enable smart meters
to take into account when the energy is being used as well as how much. The price then
varies depending on the demand for energy at the time, with peak levels of demand
increasing the price of energy. The pricing structure is used by the energy companies as an
incentive for consumers to use less energy when the price (and the demand) is high, deferring
their usage to times when it is cheaper. Simple Time-Of-Use (TOU) schemes achieve this by
creating a simple demand-based price band structure - classifying periods of the day as off-
peak, mid-peak and on-peak for example. The times of day which these bands occur on are
fixed, so that consumers know the cost of using energy at any given time and can choose to
alter their behaviour accordingly.Real-Time Pricing (RTP) offers another step forward in
smart meter dynamic pricing, with prices altering on a systematic scheduled basis (e.g.
hourly). The smart meter receives the price from the energy company and displays it to the
consumer, who can moderate their behaviour accordingly.
ADVANTAGE OF SMART METER

 Reduced Chance of Meter Tampering: The project uses electronic energy meters with
built in tamper detection facility which eliminates any chance of mechanical
tampering
 Reduced Meter Reading Costs: Since the burden of travelling to read and recharge the
energy meters is eliminated by using wireless media, the costs are significantly
reduced.
 Better Energy Usage: Since the energy billing is pre paid, the consumers will now use
electricity in a better planned manner thereby reducing wastage.
 Fast Resolution of Account Queries: As there can be no meter reading transcription
errors, customer complaints will be lower. Online resolution of account queries is
available to resolve customer complaints.
 Improved Customer Care Facilities: The customer can get full details of his energy
consumption as a database for every customer is being maintained.
 Adaptable to Change in Power Tariff: The energy meter will be processes only units
and not rupees (money). Thus when there is a change in power tariff there is no need
to change the meter code. The operator at the substation will calculate the number of
units based on the existing tariff and recharge the meters in terms of KWh.
 Better Energy Management: Since the load pattern of a particular area and customers
is available through the database, it facilitates load shedding in case of energy
shortfall. The system will enable easy energy audits.
 Reduction in Power Theft: Because of the real time theft detection system power
thefts can be drastically reduced or removed.
 No Problem of Data Collision: Although all meters work at same wireless frequency
data collisions between different meters will not occur due to an efficient protocol
used for data transmission on wireless media.
 In this design many meters function on the same frequency so that, all power
information can be collected at a centralized single point. Using the same transmitter
allows the line voltage, line current and other measurements at various points to be
monitored by the centralized station. This data can be used in load shedding and fault
analysis. The fault location can be easily found out using this type of arrangement and
fault clearance time can be drastically reduced, thereby increasing system reliability.
 By implementing this kind of remote monitoring system for collecting energy usage
information through the air, transmission losses can be identified at the same time so
that exactly where the loss is occurring can be identified. The other important

advantage of using this system is that a tampered energy meter can be quickly
detected, and power pilferage can be minimized.
 Power theft detection Tapping into the power line upstream of the power meter to
supply power to a premises or devices is power theft. It is estimated that
approximately 9% to 18% of the power being generated in the India is stolen
(Wadhwa, 2002). In other countries the amount may be significantly higher being
estimated to be approximately 3% in the United States, 10% in Europe and up to 30%
elsewhere (Brian 2008).Other than the loss of revenue to the distribution unit. Power
theft also has adverse effects on consumers and society. One effect to consumers is
the increase in the fees paid by consumers who pay for power; consumer may be
billed for power based upon the amount of power consumed. The cost of producing
and delivering power is passed on to the consumer and determines, in part, the rates
charged for power. As a result, the paying consumer ends up subsidizing the power
thief by paying the thief’s share of the power costs. A less apparent effect is that a
thief receiving some power for free is not billed accurately for all of their power
consumption. This project gives a basic idea for theft detection. Every transformer can
be equipped with a meter that sends the meter readings to the authority end. By
comparing the number of outgoing units and the units consumed by the customers at
that particular area, a report can be generated. If there are any mismatches that is, the
sum of the units consumed are less than the outgoing units there is a power theft at
that location. This way theft can be detected and preventive measures can be taken to
avoid the same.
DISADVANTAGE
 The present energy billing system provides employment for nearly 8- 10 people in
every distribution station for jobs like billing, processing etc.
 The presently installed energy meters should be either modified or replaced with the
new meter, which consumes time, labor and money.
 The prepaid system will leave the customer without power, if he could not recharge
his meter in time due to some unavoidable reason.
 The prepaid system will provide power only to those who can afford to prepay.

APPLICATIONS
The Prepaid Energy Meter designed in this paper could find application in every state
distribution company for energy billing apart from intelligent load shedding and theft
detection. It can also be extended for metering and monitoring other utility commodities,
such as Internet access, prepaid drinking water, etc.
FUTURE SCOPE
 The wireless recharge method used here can be replaced with the GSM Modems and
can be extended to make the energy billing system more wide spread and make it one
system for the entire state.
 The mode of payment by the consumers can be extended to credit cards, internet
based payments, ATM Canters etc. This makes the recharging system simpler and
eliminating the need for customers to go to the recharge centres allowing the user any
time recharge.
 Instead of recharging the chip, the readily available recharge cards (smart cards) used
in cell phones can be introduced which will enable easier recharging of meters. These
cards can be made available at all super markets, grocery shops etc.

CONCLUSION
This paper proposed a theoretical model of an efficient and secure Network Communication
System for Energy Meter Reading problems. Since all the doors are closed to avoid any
possible tampering, present lose of electricity problem will considerably reduced. More over
the overhead expense for meter reading will be almost nil, when the Automatic Electronic
Energy Meter is introduced. The encrypted secure communication will restrict the theft and
tampering of energy meter. The security of this system lies on the security and robustness of
the encryption standard and different homomorphism, permutation and combination functions
used in encryption algorithm, which can further be modified and developed to improve the
efficiency of the protocol.

REFERENCES
 BOOKS:
 ELCTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTATION BY A K

SHAWNY
 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN
RECENT TECHNOLOGIES IN COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTING
 WIRELESS PREPAID ENERGY METER FOR INDIA BY SUMAN
REDDY SADDI
 WEBSITES:
 ELECTRICITY METER, WIKIPEDIA ENCYCLOPEDIA,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_meter
 CBC NEWS ONLINE
 WATT-HOUR METERMAINTENANCE AND TESTING,
FACILITIES INSTRUCTIONS, STANDARDS, AND
TECHNIQUES, Volume 3-10, 2000,
http://www.usbr.gov/power/data/fist/fist3_10/vol3-10.pdf


Wireless Communication System For Energy Meter Reading Seminar Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wireless Communication System For Energy Meter Reading Seminar Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR ENERGY METER READING SEMINAR REPORT

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

HISTORY AND ART OF ENERGY METERS

 ELECTRO MECHANICAL TYPE ENRGY METER

Fig.1 Electromechanical Energy Meter

The construction of an electromechanical energy meter consists of three electrical circuits,

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

 DIGITAL ENERGY METER

Fig. 2 Digital Energy Meter

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Fig. 3 Proposed Communication System

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

(2) Tampering: when anyone tries to

Fig. 7 Comm. b/w AEEM, AECP & EMC

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

HOW SMART METRERS WORK

Fig.8 Working of smart meter

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Advanced Metering Central Computer (AMCC)

Provincial Meter Data Management/Repository

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Fig.9 General Schematic diagram

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

The Smart Meter goes beyond the basics

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Fig.11 Energy meter close external view

Total system consist of two sides

CONSUMER SIDE UNIT

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Fig.12 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CONSUMER SIDE

Consumer side consist of

The key features of AT89s52 microcontroller are:

 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

 32 Programmable I/O Lines

 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters,

 Eight Interrupt Sources and Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

AUTHORITY SIDE UNIT

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Fig.13 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AUTHORITY SIDE

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Start of protocol: “*”

Table 1. Wireless protocol to transmit the data

is 2, zone id is 6, transformer id is 69 and the meter id is 9876.

The command signal may be R or D or C where

 R represents recharge/reply for recharge

 D represents request/reply for request of data

 C represents signal to cut-off supply to load

 RF TRANSCEIVERS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Fig.14 RF Communication System

 GSM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

MBC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PEERMADE IDUKKI

Fig. 15 GSM communication system

 GSM MODEM SPECIFICATION